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A Catalogue of Reptiles of Monfragüe National Park (Spain), with Molecular Characterization of Populations of Blanus Wagler, 1830 in This Protected Area

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A Catalogue of Reptiles of Monfragüe National Park (Spain), with Molecular Characterization of Populations of Blanus Wagler, 1830 in This Protected Area Basic and Applied Herpetology 33 (2019) 81-91 A catalogue of reptiles of Monfragüe National Park (Spain), with molecular characterization of populations of Blanus Wagler, 1830 in this protected area Daniel Fernández-Ortín1, Gregorio Sánchez-Montes2, Íñigo Martínez-Solano2,* 1 Betania, 1, bajo G, 10003 Cáceres, Spain. 2 Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, José Gutiér- rez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. *Correspondence: E-mail: [email protected] Received: 17 July 2019; returned for review: 29 October 2019; accepted 06 November 2017. Monfragüe National Park (Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain) is a protected area in central‐western Iberia,including some of the best preserved primary Mediterranean vegetation. Legal protection dates back to 1979 (first as a Natural Park and then as a National Park), but knowledge about its reptile communities is so far limited to sparse records. In this paper we present an updated species list based on 521 records covering 163 1x1 km UTM grids in the study area, compiled in the period 2000‐2019. We detected 20 native species, representing 71.4% of the reptile fauna in Extremadura and 35% of the ibero‐balearic reptile fauna. Additionally, based on molecular analyses populations of the amphisbaenid genus Blanus in the study area are assigned to the oriental Iberian taxon, B. cinereus. The new records extend the known distribution of the different reptile species in the study area in 56 10x10 km UTM grids. Species presenting more restricted distributions in Monfragüe are Lacerta schreiberi (one 1x1 grid), Emys orbicularis, and Acanthodactylus erythrurus (four 10x10 grids each). Key words: Blanus cinereus; Extremadura; Iberian Peninsula; Monfragüe National Park; reptiles. The Iberian Peninsula hosts a great ripheral Protected Area (“Zona Periférica diversity of habitats and ecosystems, a de Protección”, ZPP) conform a study area legacy of its deep geological history and of 116 000 ha (Fig. 1), which includes other topographic complexity. National parks protected areas like ZEPA “ES0000014 provide legal protection for representative Monfragüe y las Dehesas del Entorno”, natural areas including singular geological ZEC “ES4320077 Monfragüe” and a Bio‐ characteristics, flora, and fauna. Monfra‐ sphere Reserve. güe National Park is located in the prov‐ Monfragüe National Park has been ince of Cáceres, in the region of Extrema‐ legally protected since 1979 (first as a Nat‐ dura, in central‐western Iberia, occupying ural Park and since 2007 as a National an extension of 18 396 ha of rugged terrain Park), but there is little information about with steep slopes, and includes some of its reptile communities. Apart from the the best preserved primary Mediterranean study of Álvarez‐Vasserot (1998), the vegetation. The National Park and its Pe‐ information about the reptile fauna of DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11160/bah.173 Supplementary material available online FERNÁNDEZ-ORTÍN ET AL. Figure 1: Location of the study area. Monfragüe consists of sparse records, with mostly focusing on amphibians. Other in‐ the exception of a survey conducted by formation about reptiles in national parks biology students from the University of comprises specific reports on conservation Extremadura (MuÑoz del Viejo, 2005). The plans for threatened species in the Canary poor knowledge about reptiles in Monfra‐ islands or isolated records, like the first güe is in line with the situation in most of report of the presence of Lacerta schreiberi the 15 national parks in Spain (16 in Iberia Bedriaga, 1878 in Monfragüe (Fernández‐ considering Peneda Gerês National Park Ortín Toboso‐Borrella, 2014). in Portugal). Of all these protected areas, Of all reptile taxa present in Monfragüe there are only detailed studies and species National Park, genus Blanus Wagler, 1830 catalogues in the national parks of Islas is the only case presenting a conflict re‐ Atlánticas (Galán Regalado, 2003), garding specific characterization of its Peneda Gerês (Soares et al., 2005), Picos populations. At present, two lineages are de Europa (AyllÓn et al., 2010), and Do‐ known to occur in Iberia: an occidental ñana (Andreu, 2014). In other national lineage, in the Iberian southwest, and an parks like Cabañeros, Sierra de Guadarra‐ oriental one distributed across the rest of ma and Sierra Nevada there are monitor‐ Iberia. In 2009, Albert Fernández de‐ ing programs of herptile populations, but scribed a new blanid species in Iberia, 82 REPTILES OF MONFRAGÜE AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF BLANUS Blanus mariae Albert Fernández, 2009. güe National Park, and new molecular Its distribution encompasses the south‐ evidence regarding the specific status of western quadrant of Iberia, thus represent‐ Blanus populations in this protected area. We ing the occidental lineage, with its north‐ provide >500 new records documenting ern range border in the province of Cáce‐ the presence of 20 native reptile species in res (Albert Fernández, 2009). Albert et Monfragüe, and show the presence of B. al. (2007) identified the closest Blanus rec‐ cinereus in two localities in the study area ords to Monfragüe as Blanus cinereus based on the analysis of sequences of the Vandelli, 1797, at the southern Tajo river mitochondrial DNA gene ND4. margin, in the locality of Garciaz in Cáce‐ Materials and Methods res. Nevertheless, Sampaio et al. (2014) recorded the presence of B. mariae north This study is based on a compilation of of the Tajo river, in the portuguese locality observations of reptiles from surveys con‐ of Carvalhão, suggesting that the two spe‐ ducted between 2000 and June 2019, docu‐ cies of Iberian Blanus could coexist in the mented in a database including photo‐ vicinities of Monfragüe National Park, graphic records. These records were ob‐ since both lineages occupy both the north‐ tained through direct observation, photo‐ ern and southern margins of the Tajo river. graphs, and, occasionally, identification in Based on alleged nomenclatural prob‐ hand. No individual was sacrificed for lems in Albert Fernández’s (2009) de‐ identification or tissue sampling. scription of B. mariae, Ceríaco Bauer The study area includes Monfragüe (2018) concluded that B. mariae is a junior National Park and its ZPP; as geographic synonym of B. cinereus and described reference we used the system UTM_MGRS Blanus vandellii Ceríaco Bauer, 2018 as a ED50, zones 29N and 30N, codes EPSG: new species. Thus, according to these au‐ 23029 and 23030, and referenced observa‐ thors, all B. cinereus records should be tions in 1x1 km UTM grids. For georefe‐ ascribed to the new species, B. vandellii, rencing, we used cartographic viewers and B. mariae records should be assigned (“Sistema de Información Geográfica de to B. cinereus. However, the existence of Parcelas Agrícolas del Ministerio de Agri‐ another problematic taxon, B. rufus cultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio (Hemprich, 1820), with type locality in Ambiente, SIGPAC” (Mapa.gob.es, s.f.), “southern Spain”, an area where the two and “Instituto Geográfico Nacional, IBER‐ Iberian lineages co‐occur, suggests that the PIX” (Instituto Geográfico Nacional de new species, B. vandellii, could be likewise España, s.f.). Toponyms were obtained considered a junior synonym of B. rufus. from 1:25 000 maps in both cartographic This circumstance will not be resolved un‐ servers or from local denominations. til the type specimen of B. rufus can be The orography of Monfragüe is defined assigned to either the occidental or the by two major mountain chains running in oriental Iberian Blanus lineage. parallel NW‐SE, with the highest peaks at In the current study, we present an up‐ Pico de Miravete (839 m a.s.l.) and Sierra dated reptile species catalogue for Monfra‐ de Enmedio (870 m a.s.l.), in Casas de 83 FERNÁNDEZ-ORTÍN ET AL. Figure 2: Sampling effort (grey squares) and biogeographic regions in the study area, showing 10 x 10 km UTM grids. Miravete and Deleitosa, respectively. Nev‐ part of the Western Iberian Mediterranean ertheless, most of the study area comprises biogeographic province, “Luso‐ elevations ranging from 220 m to 600 m. Extremadurense” subprovince, “Toledano‐ The two most prominent hydrographic Tagano” sector, and include five districts: features are rivers Tajo and Tiétar, embed‐ “Talaverano”, “Vereño” and “Coriano”, in ded in steep margins and dammed along the “Talaverano‐Placentino” subsector; their full course in the study area. The hy‐ and “Cacereño” and “Villuerquino”, in the drological network in Monfragüe is com‐ “Oretano” subsector (Fig. 2). Average an‐ plemented with second order streams as‐ nual rainfall ranges from 868 mm in Mal‐ sociated with these two major river basins; partida de Plasencia to 551 mm in Torrejón most of them are temporary, with higher el Rubio. Most of the study area presents water flow in the spring, and low flow climatic values associated with the Ocean‐ during the drier months. The water table ic Pluvistational Mediterranean biocli‐ only surfaces at fountains and springs, mate, except the southeastern part, where with no relevant endorreic ponds except climatic data from the station at Campillo Laguna de Cantalgallo, in Jaraicejo, and de Deleitosa (Fig. 1) provides values with‐ Lagunas de Mesas Caveras, in Deleitosa. in the Continental Pluvistational Mediter‐ According to Belmonte LÓpez (2008) ranean type. Regarding thermal and om‐ Monfragüe National Park and its ZPP are brotypes, almost all the study area is with‐ 84 REPTILES OF MONFRAGÜE AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF BLANUS in the Mesomediterranean (“Inferior‐Seco‐ mendations of Asociación Herpetológica Superior”) realm, except some spots at the Española (Carretero et al., 2018). Thus, southeastern border, which present char‐ regarding genus Blanus, we follow their acteristics within the Mesomediterranean decision to accept B. mariae as a valid tax‐ (“Superior‐Subhúmedo‐Inferior”) realm. on, with B. cinereus representing the ori‐ With respect to temperatures, the station ental lineage in Iberia. For estimates of of Campillo de Deleitosa is singular, with ibero‐balearic species richness we exclud‐ periods of freezing every year, but average ed allochthonous taxa and marine species.
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