DOCSLIB.ORG

The Civil War Revisited

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Civil War Revisited WAR IN MIDDLE AND WEST TENNESSEE HOOD’S CAMPAIGN WAR IN EAST TENNESSEE NASHVILLE uch of the fighting in Middle and West Rosecrans held on and over the next two days nion Gen. William T. Sherman and his argely Unionist East Tennessee was strate - State Fort M Tennessee was focused not only on the rail - seriously bloodied Bragg’s army. Federal Capitol Fort Negley U army occupied Atlanta, Georgia, on Sep - L gically important for Cumberland Gap Donelson tember 2, 1864, having defeated Confederate Telegraph Rd. NMP roads but also on the Mississippi, Tennessee, and cannon fire decimated the final Confederate Peach (the gateway to Virginia, Kentucky, and Ten - Orchard Hill Blountville Cumberland Rive rs. They were watery avenues attack on the afternoon of January 2. The Gen. John Bell Hood and the Army of Ten - nessee) and the rail lines that connected Bris - Ridge Rd. Shy’s Hill (Multiple Sites) of invasion for Federal forces, the keys to split - Battle of Stones River resulted in more than Travellers nessee. Sherman spent several weeks resting Kingsport Bristol tol, Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Atlanta, as Dover Rest Harrogate ting the Confederacy. 23,000 casualties out of about 81,000 soldiers his army and planning his next moves. When 25W well as Memphis and Richmond. President 79 Jack Hinson (Multiple 25E Battle of Homeplace Sites) The first significant Union victories in engaged. A few days later Bragg retreated 31 Hood began ranging northwest against Sher - 11W Abraham Lincoln appointed Andrew Johnson, Big Creek Bean Station 19W Paris Tennessee occurred on the Tennessee and Cum - south to Tullahoma, and Rosecrans occupied Franklin man’s supply lines, Sherman dispatched troops Gap 81 Johnson a native of the region, Tennessee’s military berland Rivers in February 1862, when a Federal Murfreesboro. U.S. forces built the massive Winstead (Multiple Sites) to Nashville under Gen. George H. Thomas. 75 Russellville Battles of City governor. Gen. Samuel P. Carter, a U.S. Naval 641 Hill Blue Springs Landon Confederate infantry and artillery Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, army-navy expedition under Gen. Ulysses S. Fortress Rosecrans to guard the railroad and Gen. John M. Schofield The line became less critical to Sherman on Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside Morristown Academy graduate, gained fame in East Ten - To Nathan Bedford Thompson’s 27 Carter firing on Union gunboats killed at Battle of Shiloh, Waverly Grant captured Forts Henry and Donelson. Henry, to serve as a supply station. Courtesy Library of Congress Station November 15, when he began the “March to Courtesy Library of Congress Jefferson City Greeneville Haynes nessee as a cavalry raider. Ironically, the Fed - Union City Forrest SP (Fort Hill) Kimbrough’s Courtesy U.S. Naval Historical Center April 6, 1862 McKenzie on the Tennessee, was the first to fall, on Febru - Middle and West Tennessee experienced the Sea” to open more secure lines and destroy Crossroads Pottertown (Multiple Sites) erals held most of the secessionist areas, while To 45W Courtesy Library of Congress Camden 25W 441 ary 6. Donelson, on the Cumberland, surren - U.S. military occupation, foraging expeditions Spring Hill 65 Confederate resources. Rather than pursue France 11E Dandridge Bridge-Burners the Confederates dominated the Unionist parts. Tiptonville Dyersburg ALT Battle of (Courthouse) 70 Cemetery Hay’s Ferry (Island No. 10) dered on February 16, but several Confederate by both sides, and Confederate cavalry raids Rippavilla Sherman, on November 22, Hood moved north Crossville KNOXVILLE Many Unionists who burned railroad bridges Johnsonville HSP Plantation 26 Trenton 79 units escaped, including Col. Nathan Bedford on railroads and Union garrisons. Forrest and from Alabama to Tennessee, hoping to draw Old Gray Cemetery 25 in 1861 were quickly seized and executed. Clarksburg New Johnsonville Battle of Stones River – Courtesy Library of Congress 70 Farragut Bleak House Blant’s Skirmish at (Multiple Sites) 70 31 Pleasant Jones Cave R Fighting on the Forrest and his cavalry. John Hunt Morgan, usually serving with the Federal attention from the Deep South and 40 411 Hill Union Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside occu - Sparta Hill E Columbia Parker’s Tennessee River 40 The first large-scale battle occurred near Army of Tennessee, attacked Federal supply perhaps invade Kentucky. The two largest 70 pied Knoxville in September 1863, while Con - V Athenaeum Spring Loudon Lenoir City (Multiple Sites) I 412 Crossroads (Birdsong Marina) Artillery Duel 321 40 R Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River in In December, however, Forrest launched a raid lines and intimidated Tennessee Unionists. Rectory armies in the region thus marched away from City Pigeon federate Gen. Braxton Bragg occupied Chat - ALT (Multiple Sites) Philadelphia Forge I 70 Spencer National Campground P Fort Pillow West Tennessee. Better known as the Battle of into West Tennessee, destroying railroads and Forrest guarded the Confederate left flank Mount each other instead of fighting. In Ten - tanooga. Union Gen. William S. Rosecrans St. John’s P Pleasant Historic SP Casey Jones Shiloh, the two-day fight on April 6–7, 1862, was severing Grant’s supply line. Forrest fought vic - early in 1863 while Morgan covered the right nessee, however, Thomas sent Union Gen. 127 Sweetwater Depot Morganton Crossing forced Bragg out. After the Battle of Chicka - I Salem Cemetery Perry Co. Church Village Battlefield Great Craighead Cave S Courthouse almost a Confederate victory on the first day. toriously at Lexington, captured Trenton and flank. Forrest fought in Mississippi and West John M. Schofield’s division to delay Niota mauga, Georgia, the Federals occupied S Jackson Depot I Lexington 412 Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston marched north from Union City, and ranged into Kentucky. He raided Tennessee after a serious rupture with Bragg Hood’s advance at Columbia and Spring Madisonville Chattanooga, which Bragg then besieged, Courthouse R S Cornersville E 11 411 Covington Corinth, Mississippi, and struck Grant’s army, back through Tennessee, then evaded defeat at during the Chickamauga Campaign. Summertown Hill before falling back to Franklin. The 27 dispatching Gen. James Longstreet to attack S Cedar Grove (Lairdland 75 I Denmark V Tellico Britton overrunning the camp and pushing the Federals Parker’s Crossroads. Grant changed his supply Because of the frequent and successful Farm House) bloodbath there on November 30 crip - Coker Knoxville. The Federals broke Bragg’s siege 51 (Presbyterian I Iron Furnance Plains M Lane Creek 79 Church) Doe Creek R almost into the river. Johnston, wounded while base to Memphis; he finally captured Vicksburg Confederate raids, the Federals correctly sus - pled Hood’s force, but the Confederates 74 at the Battle of Missionary Ridge, compelling School E Charleston Arlington SE Clifton encouraging his troops, bled to death from a sev - on July 4, 1863. pected collusion with the local population. 43 31 followed Schofield to the outskirts of Suck Sherman’s (Multiple Sites) him to retreat, and Longstreet likewise suf - (Davis Manor) 40 45 S Creek Crossing 19 E Waynesboro ered artery. The next day, Grant counterattacked, An especially bloody battle was fought in Civilian spies and Confederate scout s— such Nashville and Thomas’s strong defenses. fered defeat at Knoxville. By the end of the N Middle Tennessee at Murfreesboro, December Cleveland 64 74 MEMPHIS Bolivar N forcing the Confederates back to Corinth. as Confederate Sam Davis, who was captured Lawrenceburg Hood besieged the city, and more than two year, East Tennessee was firmly in Union Adamsville E 64 CHATTANOOGA (Multiple Sites ) 64 T Federal forces captured New Orleans at the 31, 1862–January 2, 1863. Confederate Gen. Brax - and execute d— provided valuable informa - weeks passed before he acted. On December hands, and the rail line to Georgia was open. Collinwood (Multiple Sites) Selmer Savannah end of April 1862 and occupied Memphis in June, ton Bragg’s Army of Tennessee occupied the tion. In addition, bushwhackers and guerrilla Pulaski Gen. John 15–16, the Federals sallied forth from their Raccoon In May 1864, Gen. William T. Sherman used Collierville Mountain 76 (Battle of Collierville (Cherry Mansion and securing the lower and upper reaches of the Mis - country around Murfreesboro after his invasion units on each side attacked military units and Bell Hood defenses and crushed Hood’s army, effectively Chattanooga as the platform for his Atlanta Tennessee River Museum) Caverns Chickamauga & and Chalmer’s Raid) LaGrange Fallen Timbers sissippi River. In October, Grant began an over - of Kentucky and the Battle of Perryville. Union civilians, sometimes as a military tactic and 65 Courtesy Library ending his campaign as the remnants of the Chattanooga NMP campaign. No other large-scale battles Shiloh NMP 9988 Five of Congress land campaign to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi. Gen. William S. Rosecrans’s Army of the Cumber - sometimes to settle personal scores. Confed - Points Army of Tennessee fled to Tupelo, Mississippi. occurred in the region for the rest of the war; Battle of Moscow Davis Bridge Johnston’s Grand Junction Battlefield Last Bivouac land advanced from Nashville. During the first Some of the army then joined Gen. Joseph E. 59 He marched from La Grange in West Tennessee, erate Champ Ferguson was the most notorious 75 although late in 1864, the Federals launched 72 55 78 down the Mississippi Central Railroad toward day’s fighting, a surprise Confederate flank of these raiders. The resulting resentments Sugar Creek Johnston in North Carolina. Gen. James Longstreet cavalry raids against the railroads from East Engagement 27 Vicksburg with trainloads of supplies following. attack nearly swept the Federals from the field. lingered for generations. Courtesy Library of Congress Tennessee into Virginia and North Carolina. January 19 Battle of Mill Springs February 6 Grant captures Fort Henry November 13 Grant begins first Vicksburg Campaign from Tennessee February 16 Grant captures Fort Donelson October 1 7– November 1 Morgan’s Second Kentucky Raid October 1– 9 Wheeler’s Sequatchie Valley Raid April 12 Shots fired at Fort Sumter, Charleston, S.C.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Brochure Design by Communication Design, Inc., Richmond, VA 877-584-8395 Cheatham Co
    To Riggins Hill CLARKSVILLE MURFREESBORO and Fort Defiance Scroll flask and .36 caliber Navy Colt bullet mold N found at Camp Trousdale . S P R site in Sumner County. IN G Stones River S T Courtesy Pat Meguiar . 41 National Battlefield The Cannon Ball House 96 and Cemetery in Blountville still 41 Oaklands shows shell damage to Mansion KNOXVILLE ST. the exterior clapboard LEGE Recapture of 441 COL 231 Evergreen in the rear of the house. Clarksville Cemetery Clarksville 275 40 in the Civil War Rutherford To Ramsey Surrender of ST. County Knoxville National Cemetery House MMERCE Clarksville CO 41 96 Courthouse Old Gray Cemetery Plantation Customs House Whitfield, Museum Bradley & Co. Knoxville Mabry-Hazen Court House House 231 40 “Drawing Artillery Across the Mountains,” East Tennessee Saltville 24 Fort History Center Harper’s Weekly, Nov. 21, 1863 (Multiple Sites) Bleak House Sanders Museum 70 60 68 Crew repairing railroad Chilhowie Fort Dickerson 68 track near Murfreesboro 231 after Battle of Stones River, 1863 – Courtesy 421 81 Library of Congress 129 High Ground 441 Abingdon Park “Battle of Shiloh” – Courtesy Library of Congress 58 41 79 23 58 Gen. George H. Thomas Cumberland 421 Courtesy Library of Congress Gap NHP 58 Tennessee Capitol, Nashville, 1864 Cordell Hull Bristol Courtesy Library of Congress Adams Birthplace (East Hill Cemetery) 51 (Ft. Redmond) Cold Spring School Kingsport Riggins Port Royal Duval-Groves House State Park Mountain Hill State Park City 127 (Lincoln and the 33 Blountville 79 Red Boiling Springs Affair at Travisville 431 65 Portland Indian Mountain Cumberland Gap) 70 11W (See Inset) Clarksville 76 (Palace Park) Clay Co.
    [Show full text]
  • United Confederate Veterans Association Records
    UNITED CONFEDERATE VETERANS ASSOCIATION RECORDS (Mss. 1357) Inventory Compiled by Luana Henderson 1996 Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections Special Collections, Hill Memorial Library Louisiana State University Libraries Baton Rouge, Louisiana Revised 2009 UNITED CONFEDERATE VETERANS ASSOCIATION RECORDS Mss. 1357 1861-1944 Special Collections, LSU Libraries CONTENTS OF INVENTORY SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 3 BIOGRAPHICAL/HISTORICAL NOTE ...................................................................................... 4 SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE ................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF SUBGROUPS AND SERIES ......................................................................................... 7 SUBGROUPS AND SERIES DESCRIPTIONS ............................................................................ 8 INDEX TERMS ............................................................................................................................ 13 CONTAINER LIST ...................................................................................................................... 15 APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................................... 22 APPENDIX B .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Civil War Battles in Tennessee
    Civil War Battles in Tennessee Lesson plans for primary sources at the Tennessee State Library & Archives Author: Rebecca Byrd, New Center Elementary Grade Level: 5th grade Date Created: May 2018 Visit http://sos.tn.gov/tsla/education for additional lesson plans. Civil War Battles in Tennessee Introduction: Tennessee’s Civil War experience was unique. Tennessee was the last state to se- cede and the first to rejoin the Union. Middle and West Tennessee supported secession by and large, but the majority of East Tennessee opposed secession. Ironically, Middle and West Tennessee came under Union control early in the war, while East Tennessee remained in Confederate hands. Tennessee is second only to Virginia in number of battles fought in the state. In this lesson, students will explore the economic and emotional effects of the war on the citizens of Tennessee. Guiding Questions How can context clues help determine an author’s point of view? How did Civil War battles affect the short term and long term ability of Tennesseans to earn a living? How did Civil War battles affect the emotions of Tennesseans? Learning Objectives The learner will analyze primary source documents to determine whether the creator/author supported the Union or Confederacy. The learner will make inferences to determine the long term and short term economic effects of Civil War battles on the people of Tennessee. The learner will make inferences to determine the emotional affect the Civil War had on Tennesseans. 1 Curriculum Standards: SSP.02 Critically examine
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline 1864
    CIVIL WAR TIMELINE 1864 January Radical Republicans are hostile to Lincoln’s policies, fearing that they do not provide sufficient protection for ex-slaves, that the 10% amnesty plan is not strict enough, and that Southern states should demonstrate more significant efforts to eradicate the slave system before being allowed back into the Union. Consequently, Congress refuses to recognize the governments of Southern states, or to seat their elected representatives. Instead, legislators begin to work on their own Reconstruction plan, which will emerge in July as the Wade-Davis Bill. [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/states/sf_timeline.html] [http://www.blackhistory.harpweek.com/4Reconstruction/ReconTimeline.htm] Congress now understands the Confederacy to be the face of a deeply rooted cultural system antagonistic to the principles of a “free labor” society. Many fear that returning home rule to such a system amounts to accepting secession state by state and opening the door for such malicious local legislation as the Black Codes that eventually emerge. [Hunt] Jan. 1 TN Skirmish at Dandridge. Jan. 2 TN Skirmish at LaGrange. Nashville is in the grip of a smallpox epidemic, which will carry off a large number of soldiers, contraband workers, and city residents. It will be late March before it runs its course. Jan 5 TN Skirmish at Lawrence’s Mill. Jan. 10 TN Forrest’s troops in west Tennessee are said to have collected 2,000 recruits, 400 loaded Wagons, 800 beef cattle, and 1,000 horses and mules. Most observers consider these numbers to be exaggerated. “ The Mississippi Squadron publishes a list of the steamboats destroyed on the Mississippi and its tributaries during the war: 104 ships were burned, 71 sunk.
    [Show full text]
  • Frees Women from Jail in Time for Mother's
    Covering local news, politics, and more Channel 10 Friday nights at 7 www.chandlerreports.com Friday, May 10, 2019 MemphisDailyNews.com Vol. 134 | No. 76 Rack–50¢/Delivery–39¢ Memphis Mojo Festival to honor musician Omar Higgins JARED BOYD launch a festival in October in on Wednesday morning. reggae ensemble Chinese Con- some connection to Memphis. Courtesy of The Daily Memphian his memory. “Everything he was doing on nection Dub Embassy and the David Higgins said the idea was Following the memorial ser- “This is part of our grieving, an underground level, we’re try- punk band Negro Terror, died at brought to him, Omar and their vices for Memphis musician this is part of our healing, and ing to make it as big and as broad 37 in April of complications from brother Joseph a year ago by en- Omar Higgins, many in the Mem- ultimately keeping Omar’s leg- as possible. He loved different a stroke and staph infection. tertainment promoter Darrin phis music community said they acy going,” Higgins’ brother Da- subcultures and subgenres, all The Memphis Mojo Festi- Hillis. Higgins said it was one of wanted to make sure his legacy vid Higgins said during the an- different types of music.” val will showcase musicians, lives on. Now one group plans to nouncement at Clayborn Temple Higgins, who fronted the artisans and creatives, all with HIGGINS CONTINUED ON P2 Since 2017, the group has bailed 30 people out of jail in Memphis in its ongoing effort to end ‘Mama’s Day Bail Out’ frees women cash bail.
    [Show full text]
  • Cold Harbor Syndrome: Balanced, Compelling Study' Examines Grant's Overland Miscalculations
    Civil War Book Review Summer 2000 Article 8 Cold Harbor Syndrome: Balanced, Compelling Study' Examines Grant's Overland Miscalculations Gary W. Gallagher Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr Recommended Citation Gallagher, Gary W. (2000) "Cold Harbor Syndrome: Balanced, Compelling Study' Examines Grant's Overland Miscalculations," Civil War Book Review: Vol. 2 : Iss. 3 . Available at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr/vol2/iss3/8 Gallagher: Cold Harbor Syndrome: Balanced, Compelling Study' Examines Grant' Review COLD HARBOR SYNDROME 'Balanced, compelling study' examines Grant's Overland miscalculations Gallagher, Gary W. Summer 2000 Furgurson, Ernest B. Not War But Murder: Cold Harbor, 1864. Alfred A. Knopf, 2000-06-01. $27.50 ISBN 679455175 Ulysses S. Grant's offensive against Robert E. Lee's entrenched Army of Northern Virginia at Cold Harbor on June 3, 1864, summons powerful images. Northern assaults that day stand alongside Ambrose E. Burnside's attacks at Fredericksburg and John Bell Hood's at Franklin as examples of seemingly pointless slaughter of brave but doomed soldiers. Even casual students of the conflict know that Grant admitted as much in his memoirs when he confessed that he "always regretted that the last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made." Despite the well-known drama and gruesome butcher's bill on June 3, historians have devoted relatively little attention to Cold Harbor. It served as the last major battle of the Overland campaign, greatly influenced morale behind the lines in the North, and set the stage for Grant's brilliant crossing of the James River - all attributes that invite scrutiny.
    [Show full text]
  • George Henry Thomas (July 31, 1816 – March 28, 1870)
    George Henry Thomas (July 31, 1816 – March 28, 1870) "Rock of Chickamauga" "Sledge of Nashville" "Slow Trot Thomas" The City of Fort Thomas was named in honor of Major General George Henry Thomas, who ranks among the top Union Generals of the American Civil War. He was born of Welsh/English and French parents in Virginia on July 31, 1816, and was educated at Southampton Academy. Prior to his military service Thomas studied law and worked as a law deputy for his uncle, James Rochelle, the Clerk of the County Court before he received an appointment to West Point in 1836. He graduated 12th in his class of 42 in 1840 which William T. Sherman was a classmate. After receiving his commission as a 2nd Lieutenant in the 3rd Artillery Unit, he served the Army well for the next 30 years. He was made 1st Lieutenant for action against the Indians in Florida for his gallantry in action. In the Mexican War, he served under Braxton Bragg in the Artillery and was twice cited for gallantry—once at Monterey and the other at Buena Vista. From 1851-1854 was an instructor of artillery and cavalry at West Point, where he was promoted to Captain. Following his service at Ft. Yuma in the West, he became a Major and joined the 2nd Cavalry at Jefferson Barracks. The Colonel there was Albert Sidney Johnston and Robert E. Lee was the Lt. Colonel. Other officers in this regiment who were to become famous as Generals were George Stoneman, for the Union, and for the CSA, John B.
    [Show full text]
  • Champ Ferguson and the Civil War in Appalachia
    Brian Dallas McKnight. Confederate Outlaw: Champ Ferguson and the Civil War in Appalachia. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2011. 288 pp. $34.95, cloth, ISBN 978-0-8071-3769-7. Reviewed by Samuel B. McGuire Published on H-Appalachia (September, 2011) Commissioned by Steven Nash (Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of History, East Tennessee State University) For three decades historians have contributed because a “frontier culture remained strong in the significantly to our understanding of the Civil War isolated children and grandchildren of the origi‐ by assessing the multiple roles of unconventional nal settlers.”[2] Employing an array of archival warfare. Scholars--such as Michael Fellman, Clay sources--including newspaper editorials, manu‐ Montcastle, and Daniel Sutherland--not only re‐ script collections, and postwar trial testimony-- vealed the pervasiveness of irregular warfare on McKnight maintains that Cumberland high‐ the Confederate home front, but also examined landers’ war-induced paranoia and pragmatic the ways in which guerrilla activities shaped offi‐ survivor mentality inflamed the merciless guerril‐ cial war policies and the course of the broader la warfare. He also argues that Ferguson’s conventional conflict.[1] Augmenting this bur‐ Manichean outlook, in which he viewed the con‐ geoning scholarship on Civil War irregulars, Brian flict in stark terms of good versus evil with no McKnight’s biography explores the life of one of middle ground, was founded upon a rudimentary the most notorious pro-Confederate guerrillas, understanding of Old Testament scripture. Champ Ferguson, and sheds light on the chaotic Organized chronologically, McKnight’s study irregular war that wracked many mountain South initially provides insight into Ferguson’s prewar communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 11: the Civil War, 1861-1865
    The Civil War 1861–1865 Why It Matters The Civil War was a milestone in American history. The four-year-long struggle determined the nation’s future. With the North’s victory, slavery was abolished. During the war, the Northern economy grew stronger, while the Southern economy stagnated. Military innovations, including the expanded use of railroads and the telegraph, coupled with a general conscription, made the Civil War the first “modern” war. The Impact Today The outcome of this bloody war permanently changed the nation. • The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery. • The power of the federal government was strengthened. The American Vision Video The Chapter 11 video, “Lincoln and the Civil War,” describes the hardships and struggles that Abraham Lincoln experienced as he led the nation in this time of crisis. 1862 • Confederate loss at Battle of Antietam 1861 halts Lee’s first invasion of the North • Fort Sumter fired upon 1863 • First Battle of Bull Run • Lincoln presents Emancipation Proclamation 1859 • Battle of Gettysburg • John Brown leads raid on federal ▲ arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia Lincoln ▲ 1861–1865 ▲ ▲ 1859 1861 1863 ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ 1861 1862 1863 • Russian serfs • Source of the Nile River • French troops 1859 emancipated by confirmed by John Hanning occupy Mexico • Work on the Suez Czar Alexander II Speke and James A. Grant City Canal begins in Egypt 348 Charge by Don Troiani, 1990, depicts the advance of the Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry during the Battle of Chancellorsville. 1865 • Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse • Abraham Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth 1864 • Fall of Atlanta HISTORY • Sherman marches ▲ A.
    [Show full text]
  • SHILOH National Military Park
    SHILOH National Military Park TENNESSEE clearings, Grant's weary men stood on the North on July 4, 1863. The Confederacy gest you visit the museum in the visitor bluffs above Pittsburg Landing with their was cut in two. center near Pittsburg Landing, which is open SHILOH backs to the river. Here they rallied and, from 8 a.m. until 4:30 p.m. in winter and with the help of massed artillery and two The Park and Cemetery until 5:30 p.m. in summer. Relics, exhibits, NATIONAL gunboats, repulsed the last Confederate at­ and maps relating to the battle and the war Shiloh National Military Park was estab­ tempt to capture the landing. are displayed, and a historical film is shown lished by an act of Congress in 1894. It MILITARY PARK During that rainy night, about 25,000 throughout the day. fresh Union troops, from General Buell's contains about 3,600 acres of Federal lands, Those who plan to visit in a group may army and Gen. Lew Wallace's division, took including the areas of heaviest fighting in receive special service if advance arrange­ Shiloh —" . a case of Southern dash against Northern pluck and endurance . position in Grant's line. At dawn on April the battle. The National Cemetery, estab­ ments are made with the superintendent. The troops on both sides were Americans . united they need not fear any foreign foe." 7, 37,000 Confederates faced Union forces lished in 1866 and containing 10 acres, is —GEN. U. S. GRANT the battle. In the Hornets' Nest, the Union of 55,000, and the thin Confederate line near the visitor center on a bluff overlooking line stood fast, shattering wave after wave gave ground as the Northern counterattack Pittsburg Landing and the Tennessee River.
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle of Sailor's Creek
    THE BATTLE OF SAILOR’S CREEK: A STUDY IN LEADERSHIP A Thesis by CLOYD ALLEN SMITH JR. Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS December 2005 Major Subject: History THE BATTLE OF SAILOR’S CREEK: A STUDY IN LEADERSHIP A Thesis by CLOYD ALLEN SMITH JR. Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved by: Chair of Committee, Joseph Dawson Committee Members, James Bradford Joseph Cerami Head of Department, Walter L. Buenger December 2005 Major Subject: History iii ABSTRACT The Battle of Sailor’s Creek: A Study in Leadership. (December 2005) Cloyd Allen Smith Jr., B.A., Slippery Rock University Chair: Dr. Joseph Dawson The Battle of Sailor’s Creek, 6 April 1865, has been overshadowed by Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House several days later, yet it is an example of the Union military war machine reaching its apex of war making ability during the Civil War. Through Ulysses S. Grant’s leadership and that of his subordinates, the Union armies, specifically that of the Army of the Potomac, had been transformed into a highly motivated, organized and responsive tool of war, led by confident leaders who understood their commander’s intent and were able to execute on that intent with audacious initiative in the absence of further orders. After Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia escaped from Petersburg and Richmond on 2 April 1865, Grant’s forces chased after Lee’s forces with the intent of destroying the mighty and once feared iv protector of the Confederate States in the hopes of bringing a swift end to the long war.
    [Show full text]
  • VMI Men Who Wore Yankee Blue, 1861-1865 by Edward A
    VMI Men Who Wore Yankee Blue, 1861-1865 by Edward A. Miller, ]r. '50A The contributions of Virginia Military Institute alumni in Confed­ dent. His class standing after a year-and-a-half at the Institute was erate service during the Civil War are well known. Over 92 percent a respectable eighteenth of twenty-five. Sharp, however, resigned of the almost two thousand who wore the cadet uniform also wore from the corps in June 1841, but the Institute's records do not Confederate gray. What is not commonly remembered is that show the reason. He married in early November 1842, and he and thirteen alumni served in the Union army and navy-and two his wife, Sarah Elizabeth (Rebeck), left Jonesville for Missouri in others, loyal to the Union, died in Confederate hands. Why these the following year. They settled at Danville, Montgomery County, men did not follow the overwhelming majority of their cadet where Sharp read for the law and set up his practice. He was comrades and classmates who chose to support the Common­ possibly postmaster in Danville, where he was considered an wealth and the South is not difficult to explain. Several of them important citizen. An active mason, he was the Danville delegate lived in the remote counties west of the Alleghenies where to the grand lodge in St. Louis. In 1859-1860 he represented his citizens had long felt estranged from the rest of the state. Citizens area of the state in the Missouri Senate. Sharp's political, frater­ of the west sought to dismember Virginia and establish their own nal, and professional prominence as well as his VMI military mountain state.
    [Show full text]