WAR IN MIDDLE AND WEST TENNESSEE HOOD’S CAMPAIGN WAR IN EAST TENNESSEE NASHVILLE uch of the fighting in Middle and West Rosecrans held on and over the next two days nion Gen. William T. Sherman and his argely Unionist East Tennessee was strate - State Fort M Tennessee was focused not only on the rail - seriously bloodied Bragg’s army. Federal Capitol Fort Negley U army occupied Atlanta, Georgia, on Sep - L gically important for Cumberland Gap Donelson tember 2, 1864, having defeated Confederate Telegraph Rd. NMP roads but also on the Mississippi, Tennessee, and cannon fire decimated the final Confederate Peach (the gateway to Virginia, Kentucky, and Ten - Orchard Hill Blountville Cumberland Rive rs. They were watery avenues attack on the afternoon of January 2. The Gen. John Bell Hood and the Army of Ten - nessee) and the rail lines that connected Bris - Ridge Rd. Shy’s Hill (Multiple Sites) of invasion for Federal forces, the keys to split - Battle of Stones River resulted in more than Travellers nessee. Sherman spent several weeks resting Kingsport Bristol tol, Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Atlanta, as Dover Rest Harrogate ting the Confederacy. 23,000 casualties out of about 81,000 soldiers his army and planning his next moves. When 25W well as Memphis and Richmond. President 79 Jack Hinson (Multiple 25E Battle of Homeplace Sites) The first significant Union victories in engaged. A few days later Bragg retreated 31 Hood began ranging northwest against Sher - 11W Abraham Lincoln appointed Andrew Johnson, Big Creek Bean Station 19W Paris Tennessee occurred on the Tennessee and Cum - south to Tullahoma, and Rosecrans occupied Franklin man’s supply lines, Sherman dispatched troops Gap 81 Johnson a native of the region, Tennessee’s military berland Rivers in February 1862, when a Federal Murfreesboro. U.S. forces built the massive Winstead (Multiple Sites) to Nashville under Gen. George H. Thomas. 75 Russellville Battles of City governor. Gen. Samuel P. Carter, a U.S. Naval 641 Hill Blue Springs Landon Confederate infantry and artillery Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, army-navy expedition under Gen. Ulysses S. Fortress Rosecrans to guard the railroad and Gen. John M. Schofield The line became less critical to Sherman on Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside Morristown Academy graduate, gained fame in East Ten - To Nathan Bedford Thompson’s 27 Carter firing on Union gunboats killed at Battle of Shiloh, Waverly Grant captured Forts Henry and Donelson. Henry, to serve as a supply station. Courtesy Library of Congress Station November 15, when he began the “March to Courtesy Library of Congress Jefferson City Greeneville Haynes nessee as a cavalry raider. Ironically, the Fed - Union City Forrest SP (Fort Hill) Kimbrough’s Courtesy U.S. Naval Historical Center April 6, 1862 McKenzie on the Tennessee, was the first to fall, on Febru - Middle and West Tennessee experienced the Sea” to open more secure lines and destroy Crossroads Pottertown (Multiple Sites) erals held most of the secessionist areas, while To 45W Courtesy Library of Congress Camden 25W 441 ary 6. Donelson, on the Cumberland, surren - U.S. military occupation, foraging expeditions Spring Hill 65 Confederate resources. Rather than pursue France 11E Dandridge Bridge-Burners the Confederates dominated the Unionist parts. Tiptonville Dyersburg ALT Battle of (Courthouse) 70 Cemetery Hay’s Ferry (Island No. 10) dered on February 16, but several Confederate by both sides, and Confederate cavalry raids Rippavilla Sherman, on November 22, Hood moved north Crossville KNOXVILLE Many Unionists who burned railroad bridges Johnsonville HSP Plantation 26 Trenton 79 units escaped, including Col. Nathan Bedford on railroads and Union garrisons. Forrest and from Alabama to Tennessee, hoping to draw Old Gray Cemetery 25 in 1861 were quickly seized and executed. Clarksburg New Johnsonville Battle of Stones River – Courtesy Library of Congress 70 Farragut Bleak House Blant’s Skirmish at (Multiple Sites) 70 31 Pleasant Jones Cave R Fighting on the Forrest and his cavalry. John Hunt Morgan, usually serving with the Federal attention from the Deep South and 40 411 Hill Union Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside occu - Sparta Hill E Columbia Parker’s Tennessee River 40 The first large-scale battle occurred near Army of Tennessee, attacked Federal supply perhaps invade Kentucky. The two largest 70 pied Knoxville in September 1863, while Con - V Athenaeum Spring Loudon Lenoir City (Multiple Sites) I 412 Crossroads (Birdsong Marina) Artillery Duel 321 40 R Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River in In December, however, Forrest launched a raid lines and intimidated Tennessee Unionists. Rectory armies in the region thus marched away from City Pigeon federate Gen. Braxton Bragg occupied Chat - ALT (Multiple Sites) Philadelphia Forge I 70 Spencer National Campground P Fort Pillow West Tennessee. Better known as the Battle of into West Tennessee, destroying railroads and Forrest guarded the Confederate left flank Mount each other instead of fighting. In Ten - tanooga. Union Gen. William S. Rosecrans St. John’s P Pleasant Historic SP Casey Jones Shiloh, the two-day fight on April 6–7, 1862, was severing Grant’s supply line. Forrest fought vic - early in 1863 while Morgan covered the right nessee, however, Thomas sent Union Gen. 127 Sweetwater Depot Morganton Crossing forced Bragg out. After the Battle of Chicka - I Salem Cemetery Perry Co. Church Village Battlefield Great Craighead Cave S Courthouse almost a Confederate victory on the first day. toriously at Lexington, captured Trenton and flank. Forrest fought in Mississippi and West John M. Schofield’s division to delay Niota mauga, Georgia, the Federals occupied S Jackson Depot I Lexington 412 Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston marched north from Union City, and ranged into Kentucky. He raided Tennessee after a serious rupture with Bragg Hood’s advance at Columbia and Spring Madisonville Chattanooga, which Bragg then besieged, Courthouse R S Cornersville E 11 411 Covington Corinth, Mississippi, and struck Grant’s army, back through Tennessee, then evaded defeat at during the Chickamauga Campaign. Summertown Hill before falling back to Franklin. The 27 dispatching Gen. James Longstreet to attack S Cedar Grove (Lairdland 75 I Denmark V Tellico Britton overrunning the camp and pushing the Federals Parker’s Crossroads. Grant changed his supply Because of the frequent and successful Farm House) bloodbath there on November 30 crip - Coker Knoxville. The Federals broke Bragg’s siege 51 (Presbyterian I Iron Furnance Plains M Lane Creek 79 Church) Doe Creek R almost into the river. Johnston, wounded while base to Memphis; he finally captured Vicksburg Confederate raids, the Federals correctly sus - pled Hood’s force, but the Confederates 74 at the Battle of Missionary Ridge, compelling School E Charleston Arlington SE Clifton encouraging his troops, bled to death from a sev - on July 4, 1863. pected collusion with the local population. 43 31 followed Schofield to the outskirts of Suck Sherman’s (Multiple Sites) him to retreat, and Longstreet likewise suf - (Davis Manor) 40 45 S Creek Crossing 19 E Waynesboro ered artery. The next day, Grant counterattacked, An especially bloody battle was fought in Civilian spies and Confederate scout s— such Nashville and Thomas’s strong defenses. fered defeat at Knoxville. By the end of the N Middle Tennessee at Murfreesboro, December Cleveland 64 74 MEMPHIS Bolivar N forcing the Confederates back to Corinth. as Confederate Sam Davis, who was captured Lawrenceburg Hood besieged the city, and more than two year, East Tennessee was firmly in Union Adamsville E 64 CHATTANOOGA (Multiple Sites ) 64 T Federal forces captured New Orleans at the 31, 1862–January 2, 1863. Confederate Gen. Brax - and execute d— provided valuable informa - weeks passed before he acted. On December hands, and the rail line to Georgia was open. Collinwood (Multiple Sites) Selmer Savannah end of April 1862 and occupied Memphis in June, ton Bragg’s Army of Tennessee occupied the tion. In addition, bushwhackers and guerrilla Pulaski Gen. John 15–16, the Federals sallied forth from their Raccoon In May 1864, Gen. William T. Sherman used Collierville Mountain 76 (Battle of Collierville (Cherry Mansion and securing the lower and upper reaches of the Mis - country around Murfreesboro after his invasion units on each side attacked military units and Bell Hood defenses and crushed Hood’s army, effectively Chattanooga as the platform for his Atlanta Tennessee River Museum) Caverns Chickamauga & and Chalmer’s Raid) LaGrange Fallen Timbers sissippi River. In October, Grant began an over - of Kentucky and the Battle of Perryville. Union civilians, sometimes as a military tactic and 65 Courtesy Library ending his campaign as the remnants of the Chattanooga NMP campaign. No other large-scale battles Shiloh NMP 9988 Five of Congress land campaign to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi. Gen. William S. Rosecrans’s Army of the Cumber - sometimes to settle personal scores. Confed - Points Army of Tennessee fled to Tupelo, Mississippi. occurred in the region for the rest of the war; Battle of Moscow Davis Bridge Johnston’s Grand Junction Battlefield Last Bivouac land advanced from Nashville. During the first Some of the army then joined Gen. Joseph E. 59 He marched from La Grange in West Tennessee, erate Champ Ferguson was the most notorious 75 although late in 1864, the Federals launched 72 55 78 down the Mississippi Central Railroad toward day’s fighting, a surprise Confederate flank of these raiders. The resulting resentments Sugar Creek Johnston in North Carolina. Gen. James Longstreet cavalry raids against the railroads from East Engagement 27 Vicksburg with trainloads of supplies following. attack nearly swept the Federals from the field. lingered for generations. Courtesy Library of Congress Tennessee into Virginia and North Carolina. January 19 Battle of Mill Springs February 6 Grant captures Fort Henry November 13 Grant begins first Vicksburg Campaign from Tennessee February 16 Grant captures Fort Donelson October 1 7– November 1 Morgan’s Second Kentucky Raid October 1– 9 Wheeler’s Sequatchie Valley Raid April 12 Shots fired at Fort Sumter, Charleston, S.C.