DOCSLIB.ORG

Annual Report 2017-2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Annual Report 2017-2 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology IMBIM ANNUAL REPORT 2017 DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY ANNUAL REPORT 2017 Theses published at IMBIM in 2017 Edited by Veronica Hammar ISBN no 978-91-983979-3-2 PREFACE A university department is in its character a dynamic place. PhD students come and complete their education within 4-5 years. Postdoctoral fellows join for a relatively short time, maybe to change gears and learn a new field or just acquire more experience to become competitive for a tenure. Many researchers are recruited by groups where more hands and skills are needed. IMBIM is not an exception. But 2017 was extraordinary since the former Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research merged with IMBIM in August. This was of course a much welcome addition complementing and strengthening our research in cell and molecular cancer biology. As of the end of 2017 IMBIM had 165 employees and 105 registered with IMBIM as working place or employed elsewhere, but doing research at IMBIM. Here I would take the opportunity to welcome and congratulate Örjan Carlborg who 2017 was promoted to professor, Evi Heldin who was appointed guest professor and Kristofer Rubin who was also appointed guest professor and Director of BMC. During the month of May, the Quality and Renewal (KoF) evaluation panel visited IMBIM for two days of intensive discussions. Their assessment was also based on a self-evaluation most diligently assembled by IMBIM’s former Head of department, Göran Akusjärvi. It was as great pleasure to read the comment from the evaluation panel: “The self-evaluation report is an excellent summary of the current state of the department with ample and thoughtful self- reflection and self-criticism”. Many of the reflections in this text was in early Autumn addressed at a two-days department conference at Kolmården. Specifically, they were used as a starting point to discuss how IMBIM can improve, in particular regarding engagement, collaboration and communication. It was a reassuring to hear and feel the enthusiasm and engagement and it is promising that some ideas have already resulted in new activities and organisational changes. IMBIM is currently engaged in teaching at many different education programmes in areas closely linked to ongoing research, just as it should be. There is a slight bias where one research area is less involved. IMBIM’s Director of Studies has a mission to investigate the possibilities to develop new courses to ensure that there will be a good recruitment base of skilled and competent individuals for the future. Although it has previously been said that teaching is a burden, it is now gratifying to hear an increasing number of young scientists ask for the possibility to sign up. This means that the overall shift towards assessing research skills, pedagogic skills and cooperative skills more equally when recruiting for tenure track positions has become apparent and that career development requires own responsibility and insightful plans. Prizes and awards Leif Andersson and Kerstin Lindblad-Toh was awarded Uppsala University’s finest scientific prize for excellent research, Björkénska priset. Leif Andersson was appointed as International Member of the American Philosophical Society, Member of the National Academy of Inventors (USA) and Honorary Doctor at Texas A&M University. Mikael Sellin received one of the prestigious Ingvar Carlson Award 2017. On the local arena, Göran Akusjärvi was appointed Karl Johan Öbrink-Lecturer 2017. Even if Anna Knöppel has left IMBIM since her dissertation, we are proud that she received the Hwasser prize from Upsala Doctor’s association (Uppsala Läkareförening) for the best PhD thesis from the Medical Faculty. 3 For excellent pedagogic accomplishments, Per Jemth was awarded the “Limbiska priset” by students at the biomedical program. And then Lena Kjellén and Eva Engström who are course leader and course administrator, respectively on the course on Homeostasis and Endocrine Regulation, was for the second time in a row awarded the Optimus Prize by the student at the medical program for best course and best course administration. Highlights Research at IMBIM is strong and prosperous. This was clearly seen by a better than average result of approved research grant applications, 2017. This book describes all ongoing research at the department so here is just some highlights of a few areas to illustrate the width of what is going on. The tumour suppressor TGFβ (transforming growth factor β ) signalling pathway malfunctions when tumour cells progress towards malignancy. Aristidis Moustakas group has shown that in liver cancer cells, the nuclear receptor LXRα and TGFβ signalling cooperate in mediating cell cycle arrest, preserving hepatocyte identity and differentiation. LXRα signalling suppresses mesenchymal differentiation and reactive oxygen species induced by TGFβ. Malignant features in liver cancer are mediated by the transcription factor Snail, a pro- survival and mesenchymal inducer, whose expression is transcriptionally repressed by LXRα activation. Based on this mechanism, LXRα agonists, currently used to treat obesity, would promote the good side and would suppress the sinister side of TGFβ signalling in liver cancer. Bellomo, C., Caja et al. (2017) Snail mediates crosstalk between TGFβ and LXRα in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Differ. doi: 10.1038/s41418-017-0021-3. The Darwin’s finches in the Galapagos archipelago are iconic models for the evolution of biodiversity. Leif Andersson and coworkers have shown that an immigrant male cactus finch was able to mate with a resident ground finch female and that the hybrid progenies bred with each other and established a new lineage of Darwin’s finches. It is very likely that new lineages have originated many times during the evolution of Darwin’s finches. The majority of these have gone extinct but some may have led to the evolution of contemporary species. Thus, the study illustrates how speciation can occur. Lamichhaney S, et al. (2018). Rapid hybrid speciation in Darwin’s finches. Science 359:224-228. After a per-oral vaccination with dead bacteria, large amounts of specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) is produced by B-cells of the gut mucosa. A study from Mikael Sellin and co-workers illustrate how the subsequent binding of such specific IgA to incoming live enteropathogens restricts separation of individual bacteria during the gut colonization phase. Gluing the bacterial pathogen together by the IgA coat blocks flagellar motility and hence mucosal attachment and tissue invasion. Moreover, since each individual bacterium within chains is only surrounded by its clonal kin, exchange of genetic material between bacteria is also efficiently prevented. In summary, this study explains a major mechanism-of-action of per- oral vaccine regimens. Moor K, Diard M, Sellin M, et al. (2017). High-avidity IgA protects the intestine by enchaining growing bacteria. Nature, 544(7651):498-502. IMBIM also encourage the offering of advanced method support to enhance cooperation and this year it is a pleasure to present two new possibilities. A specialized microscopy platform has been built by the group of Mikael Sellin. The main purpose of the microscope is to visualize the interactions between pathogenic bacteria and the gut epithelium in high spatial and temporal resolution. The platform is classified for work 4 with Biosafety level 2 and will be able to accommodate other researchers that wish to perform microscopy experiments on live pathogens, and other microorganisms. NMR spectroscopy is a versatile and powerful tool to study the structure, dynamics and interactions of biological macromolecules. Its application includes in situ study of functional properties of proteins and nucleic acids in live cells, including for example their physiological (post translational modification) and pathophysiological (amylogenesis) states. With two NMR spectrometers (600 and 500 MHz with cryogenic probes), IMBIM, together with the department of organic chemistry can perform different types of modern-day NMR experiments. March 2018 Catharina Svensson Head of the Department 5 LIST OF CONTENTS ADDRESS LIST 8 ORGANIZATION 13 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS OF RESEARCH GROUPS 16 Comparative Genetics and Genomics 17 Andersson Leif: Functional genomics in domestic animals and natural populations 19 Axelsson Erik: Genetic and functional characterisation of dog domestication 27 Carlborg Örjan: Computational genomics 28 Grabherr Manfred: Evolutionary bioinformatics and computational biology 32 Jern Patric: Retrovirus-host evolution 35 Lindblad-Toh Kerstin: Comparative genomics and genetics 37 Meadows Jennifer: Genetic dissection of autoinflammatory disease 46 Rosengren Pielberg Gerli: Comparative and Functional Genetics of Autoimmune Diseases 50 Rubin Carl-Johan: Identification and characterization of genes and mechanisms controlling phenotypic traits in horse and salmon 53 Webster Matthew T: Genome evolution 57 Medical Biochemistry 60 Glycobiology 60 Kjellén Lena: Cellular design of heparan sulfate 61 Li Jin-ping: Heparan sulfate and heparanase: Functions in homeostasis and diseases 65 Spillmann Dorothe: Glycosaminoglycans and heparanese 70 Medical Protein Chemistry 72 Chi Celestine: Conformational dynamics and in situ monitoring of posttranslational modification in biomolecules 73 Jemth Per: Structure – function relationships of proteins 74 Tomkinson Birgitta: Structure, function and physiological role of tripeptidyl-peptidase II 77 Tumor biology
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diptera of Tropical Savannas - Júlio Mendes
    TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT - Vol. X - Diptera of Tropical Savannas - Júlio Mendes DIPTERA OF TROPICAL SAVANNAS Júlio Mendes Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Uberlândia Federal University, Brazil Keywords: disease vectors, house fly, mosquitoes, myiasis, pollinators, sand flies. Contents 1. Introduction 2. General Characteristics 3. Classification 4. Suborder Nematocera 4.1. Psychodidae 4.2. Culicidae 4.3. Simullidae 4.4. Ceratopogonidae 5. Suborder Brachycera 5.1. Tabanidae 5.2. Phoridae 5.3. Syrphidae 5.4. Tephritidae 5.5. Drosophilidae 5.6. Chloropidae 5.7. Muscidae 5.8. Glossinidae 5.9. Calliphoridae 5.10. Oestridae 5.11. Sarcophagidae 5.12. Tachinidae 6. Impact of human activities upon dipterans communities in tropical savannas. Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch UNESCO – EOLSS Summary Dipterous are a very much diversified group of insects that occurs in almost all tropical habitats and alsoSAMPLE other terrestrial biomes. Some CHAPTERS diptera are important from the economic and public health point of view. Mosquitoes and sandflies are, respectively, vectors of malaria and leishmaniasis in the major part of tropical countries. Housefly and blowflies are mechanical vectors of many pathogens, and the larvae of the latter may parasitize humans and other animals, as well. Nevertheless, the majority of diptera are inoffensive to humans and several of them are benefic, having important roles in nature such as pollinators of plants, recyclers of decaying organic matter and natural enemies of other insects, including pests. 1. Introduction ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT - Vol. X - Diptera of Tropical Savannas - Júlio Mendes Diptera are a very diverse and abundant group of insects inhabiting almost all habitats throughout the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioural, Ecological, and Genetic Determinants of Mating and Gene
    Thesis committee Thesis supervisor Prof. dr. Marcel Dicke Professor of Entomology, Wageningen University Thesis co-supervisor Dr. Ir. Bart G.J. Knols Medical Entomologist, University of Amsterdam Other members Prof. dr. B.J. Zwaan, Wageningen University Prof. dr. P. Kager, University of Amsterdam Dr. Ir. P. Bijma, Wageningen University Dr. Ir. I.M.A. Heitkonig, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the C. T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation Behavioural, ecological and genetic determinants of mating and gene flow in African malaria mosquitoes Kija R.N. Ng’habi Thesis Submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public at on Monday 25 October 2010 at 11:00 a.m. in the Aula. Kija R.N. Ng’habi (2010) Behavioural, ecological and genetic determinants of mating and gene flow in African malaria mosquitoes PhD thesis, Wageningen University – with references – with summaries in Dutch and English ISBN – 978-90-8585-766-2 > Abstract Malaria is still a leading threat to the survival of young children and pregnant women, especially in the African region. The ongoing battle against malaria has been hampered by the emergence of drug and insecticide resistance amongst parasites and vectors, re- spectively. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and genetically modified mosquitoes (GM) are new proposed vector control approaches. Successful implementation of these ap- proaches requires a better understanding of male mating biology of target mosquito species.
    [Show full text]
  • Wolbachia Diversity in African Anopheles
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/343715; this version posted November 15, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Title: Natural Wolbachia infections are common in the major malaria vectors in 2 Central Africa 3 4 Running title: Wolbachia diversity in African Anopheles 5 6 Authors 7 Diego Ayala1,2,*, Ousman Akone-Ella2, Nil Rahola1,2, Pierre Kengne1, Marc F. 8 Ngangue2,3, Fabrice Mezeme2, Boris K. Makanga2, Carlo Costantini1, Frédéric 9 Simard1, Franck Prugnolle1, Benjamin Roche1,4, Olivier Duron1 & Christophe Paupy1. 10 11 Affiliations 12 1 MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 13 2 CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon. 14 3 ANPN, Libreville, Gabon 15 4 UMMISCO, IRD, Montpellier, France. 16 17 * Corresponding author: 18 Diego Ayala, MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, 911 av Agropolis, BP 19 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France; phone: +33(0)4 67 41 61 47; email: 20 [email protected] 21 22 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/343715; this version posted November 15, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 23 Abstract 24 During the last decade, the endosymbiont bacterium Wolbachia has emerged as a 25 biological tool for vector disease control. However, for long time, it was believed that 26 Wolbachia was absent in natural populations of Anopheles. The recent discovery that 27 species within the Anopheles gambiae complex hosts Wolbachia in natural conditions 28 has opened new opportunities for malaria control research in Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • A Handbook of the Amazonian Species of Anopheles (Nyssorhwchus) (Diptera: Culicidae)1
    111089 Mosquito Systematics Vol. 13(1) 1981 A HANDBOOK OF THE AMAZONIAN SPECIES OF ANOPHELES (NYSSORHWCHUS) (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)1 By Michael E. Faran2 and Kenneth J. Linthicum2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 3 SYSTEMATICS 4 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS 5 Adult Females 5 Male Genitalia 6 Fourth Stage Larvae 7 BIONOMICS 8 MEDICAL IMPORTANCE 9 PLATES 1-5 11 ILLUSTRATED KEYS TO THE AMAZONIAN SPECIES OF ANOPHELES (NYSSORHYNCHUS). 16 DISCUSSIONS, BIONOMICS, MEDICAL IMPORTANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES 1. Anopheles (Nys.) orgyritarsis 34 2. Anopheles (Nys.) darllngi 35 3. Anopheles (Nys.) allopha 37 4. Anopheles (Nys.) braziliensis 39 5. Anopheles (Nys.) oswaldoi 41 6. Anopheles (Nys.) galvaoi 42 7. Anopheles (Nys.) evansi 43 8. Anopheles (Nys.) aquasalls 45 9.. Anopheles (Nys.) ininii 47 10. Anopheles (Nys.) rangeli 48 11. Anopheles (Nys.) nuneztovari .. 49 'This research supported by the Medical Entomology Project, Smithsonian Institu- tion, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command Research Contract DAMD-17- 74C-4086 and the Mosquitoes of Middle America project, University of California, Los Angeles, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Contract DA-49-193-MD-2478. Captain, Medical Service Corps, U.S. Army, Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20012. 12. Anopheles (Nys.) strodei 51 13. Anopheles (Nys.) random 53 14. Anopheles (Ny s.) benarrochi 54 15. Anopheles (Nys.) triannulatus 55 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 56 REFERENCES 57 PLATES 6-24 63 PLATES 1. Map of Amazonia 11 2. Morphology of adult: general 12 3. Morphology of adult: thorax, legs, abdomen 13 4. Morphology of male genitalia: oswaldoi 14 5. Morphology of larva: oswaldoi 15 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploration of Bacteria Associated with Anopheles Mosquitoes Around the World
    Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1691 Exploration of bacteria associated with Anopheles mosquitoes around the world For the prevention of transmission of malaria LOUISE K. J. NILSSON ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 ISBN 978-91-513-0381-9 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352547 2018 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in A1:111a, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Friday, 14 September 2018 at 09:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Professor Michael Strand (Department of Entomology, University of Georgia). Abstract Nilsson, L. K. J. 2018. Exploration of bacteria associated with Anopheles mosquitoes around the world. For the prevention of transmission of malaria. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1691. 54 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0381-9. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people die from malaria. Malaria is a disease caused by parasites, which are spread by female vector mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. Current control measures against malaria are based on drugs against the parasites and vector control using insecticides. A problem with these measures is the development of resistance, both in the parasites against the drugs and the mosquitoes against the insecticides. Therefore, additional areas of malaria control must be explored. One such area involves the bacteria associated with the vector mosquitoes. Bacteria have been shown to affect mosquitoes at all life stages, e.g. by affecting choice of oviposition site by female mosquitoes, development of larvae and susceptibility to parasite infection in adults.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera, Culicidae
    doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v13.e0848 e-ISSN 1983-0572 Publication of the project Entomologistas do Brasil www.ebras.bio.br Creative Commons Licence v4.0 (BY-NC-SA) Copyright © EntomoBrasilis Copyright © Author(s) Ecology Entomological profile and new registers of the genera Anopheles (Diptera, Culicidae) in a Brazilian rural community of the District of Coxipó do Ouro, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso Adaiane Catarina Marcondes Jacobina¹, Jozeilton Dantas Bandeira², Fábio Alexandre Leal dos Santos¹,², Elisangela Santana de Oliveira Dantas¹,³ & Diniz Pereira Leite-Jr1,2,4 1. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso – UFMT, Cuiabá-MT - Brasil. 2. Centro Universitário de Várzea Grande - UNIVAG, Várzea Grande-MT - Brasil. 3. Instituto de Biociências - Universidade do Estado de São Paulo “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP - Rio Claro - Brasil. 4. Universidade de São Paulo, USP – São Paulo, SP - Brasil. EntomoBrasilis 13: e0848 (2020) Edited by: Abstract. The order Diptera is constituted of insects that possess numerous varieties of habitats, these William Costa Rodrigues winged, commonly called mosquitoes, comprise a monophyletic group. Malaria transmitters in Brazil are represented by mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus, being it principal vector species Anopheles Article History: (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root. Collectings were accomplished in the rural area of Cuiabá in the region Received: 16.iv.2019 of Coxipó do Ouro/MT, and a total 4,773 adult mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles were obtained. The Accepted: 16.iv.2020 prevailing species in the collectings where An. (Nys.) darlingi with 3,905 (81.8%), considered the vector Published: 06.v.2020 of major epidemiological expression in the region, followed by Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) argyritarsis Corresponding author: (Robineau-Desvoidy) 267 (5.6%) and Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto) 226 (4.7%).
    [Show full text]
  • Flight Tone Characterisation of the South American Malaria Vector Anopheles Darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae)
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 116: e200497, 2021 1|6 Flight tone characterisation of the South American malaria vector Anopheles darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae) Jose Pablo Montoya1, Hoover Pantoja-Sánchez2,3, Sebastian Gomez1,2, Frank William Avila4, Catalina Alfonso-Parra1,4/+ 1Universidad CES, Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia 2Universidad de Antioquia, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia 3Universidad de Antioquia, Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia 4Universidad de Antioquia, Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia BACKGROUND Flight tones play important roles in mosquito reproduction. Several mosquito species utilise flight tones for mate localisation and attraction. Typically, the female wingbeat frequency (WBF) is lower than males, and stereotypic acoustic behaviors are instrumental for successful copulation. Mosquito WBFs are usually an important species characteristic, with female flight tones used as male attractants in surveillance traps for species identification. Anopheles darlingi is an important Latin American malaria vector, but we know little about its mating behaviors. OBJECTIVES We characterised An. darlingi WBFs and examined male acoustic responses to immobilised females. METHODS Tethered and free flying male and female An. darlingi were recorded individually to determine their WBF distributions. Male-female acoustic interactions were analysed using tethered females and free flying males. FINDINGS Contrary to most mosquito species, An. darlingi females are smaller than males. However, the male’s WBF is ~1.5 times higher than the females, a common ratio in species with larger females. When in proximity to a female, males displayed rapid frequency modulations that decreased upon genitalia engagement.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Anopheles Darlingi Root with Respect to Vector Importance: a Review Hélène Hiwat1,2* and Gustavo Bretas3
    Hiwat and Bretas Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:177 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/4/1/177 REVIEW Open Access Ecology of Anopheles darlingi Root with respect to vector importance: a review Hélène Hiwat1,2* and Gustavo Bretas3 Abstract Anopheles darlingi is one of the most important malaria vectors in the Americas. In this era of new tools and strategies for malaria and vector control it is essential to have knowledge on the ecology and behavior of vectors in order to evaluate appropriateness and impact of control measures. This paper aims to provide information on the importance, ecology and behavior of An. darlingi. It reviews publications that addressed ecological and behavioral aspects that are important to understand the role and importance of An. darlingi in the transmission of malaria throughout its area of distribution. The results show that Anopheles darlingi is especially important for malaria transmission in the Amazon region. Although numerous studies exist, many aspects determining the vectorial capacity of An. darlingi, i.e. its relation to seasons and environmental conditions, its gonotrophic cycle and longevity, and its feeding behavior and biting preferences, are still unknown. The vector shows a high degree of variability in behavioral traits. This makes it difficult to predict the impact of ongoing changes in the environment on the mosquito populations. Recent studies indicate a good ability of An. darlingi to adapt to environments modified by human development. This allows the vector to establish populations in areas where it previously did not exist or had been controlled to date. The behavioral variability of the vector, its adaptability, and our limited knowledge of these impede the establishment of effective control strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • Asaia (Rhodospirillales: Acetobacteraceae)
    Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64(2):e20190010, 2020 www.rbentomologia.com Asaia (Rhodospirillales: Acetobacteraceae) and Serratia (Enterobacterales: Yersiniaceae) associated with Nyssorhynchus braziliensis and Nyssorhynchus darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae) Tatiane M. P. Oliveira1* , Sabri S. Sanabani2, Maria Anice M. Sallum1 1Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. 2Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da São Paulo (FMUSP), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Brasil. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Midgut transgenic bacteria can be used to express and deliver anti-parasite molecules in malaria vector mosquitoes Received 24 October 2019 to reduce transmission. Hence, it is necessary to know the symbiotic bacteria of the microbiota of the midgut Accepted 23 April 2020 to identify those that can be used to interfering in the vector competence of a target mosquito population. Available online 08 June 2020 The bacterial communities associated with the abdomen of Nyssorhynchus braziliensis (Chagas) (Diptera: Associate Editor: Mário Navarro-Silva Culicidae) and Nyssorhynchus darlingi (Root) (Diptera: Culicidae) were identified using Illumina NGS sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Wild females were collected in rural and periurban communities in the Brazilian Amazon. Proteobacteria was the most abundant group identified in both species. Asaia (Rhodospirillales: Keywords: Acetobacteraceae) and Serratia (Enterobacterales: Yersiniaceae) were detected in Ny. braziliensis for the first time Vectors and its presence was confirmed in Ny. darlingi. Malaria Amazon Although the malaria burden has decreased worldwide, the disease bites by the use of insecticide-treated bed nets, and insecticide indoor still imposes enormous suffering for human populations in the majority residual spraying (Baird, 2017; Shretta et al., 2017; WHO, 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Variation in Anopheles Darlingi Root
    Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 91(4): 391-398, Jul./Aug. 1996 391 Biological Variation in Anopheles darlingi Root JD Charlwood Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel CH 4002, Switzerland Behavioural variation in the South American malaria vector Anopheles darlingi is described. At the centre of its distribution, in forest areas close to the city of Manaus, Brazil, it is primarily exophagic and exophilic. Mosquitoes from this area are chromosomally diverse. Towards the northern edge of its distribution (in Guyana and Venezuela) it is more endophagic and less diverse chromosomally. Simi- larly in the south (in the state of Minas Gerais) it is less polymorphic. In this area, however, it is prima- rily zoophilic and exophagic. Evidence is presented that female wing size may vary between popula- tions. The possibility that this widely distributed species may be a complex could have important impli- cations for future malaria control schemes. Key words : Anopheles darlingi - biting - host preference - resting - species complex According to the theory of forest refugia (Haffer sect to transmit disease: (1) abundance; (2) con- 1969, 1974) the Amazonian rain forest contracted tact with man; (3) susceptibility to infection; and into isolated patches, or refuges, during dry peri- (4) longevity (Gillies 1988). Factors which influ- ods in the Pleistocene with secondary ence human mosquito contact, such as the propen- intergradiation when the rainfall increased. The sity to enter houses to feed, the host preference fragmentation of the forest would have provided and the behaviour after feeding are particularly an excellent templet for the occurrence of allopat- important.
    [Show full text]
  • Entomological Nomenclature Literature
    ENTOMOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE AND LITERATURE 3rd Edition Revised and Enlarged By W. J. CHAMBERLIN Oreqon State CoUeqe WM. C. BROWN COMPANY DUBUQUE. IOWA ENTOMOLOGICAL NOMENCLA TURE AND LITERATURE Copyright 1952 by W J . Chamberlin Manufactured by WM C. BROWN CO., INC., Dubuque, Iowa Prlnled In U.S.A. PREFACE In attempting to teach courses dealing with various phases of entomology over a period of 30 years, there has been an increasing tendency to separate course work into more and more restricted fields. Much of the material presented herewith is given by various instructors in connection with courses in historical entomology, taxonomy, etc., and, in such courses, it is usually treate d only briefly and in an incidental manner. Nomenclature is of sufficient importance that it should be treated directly and with con­ s iderable emphasis. Its importance, development and historical background should be understood by every student in entomology. Literature is, of course, the basis from which all present-day workers get their inspira­ tion, and the literature in the field of entomology is so extensive that one must handle it in a systematic manner. It has been the hope of the writer that, by pointing out those works where bibliographies are obtainable, the task of obtaining information on any given phase of entomology would be made an easier one. When late works are available which contain extensive bibliographies, such as Wiggles­ worth, Principles of Insect Physiology, or Snodgrass, Principles of Insect Morphology, the student is referred to those works, and from the bibliographies he will be able to select those applicable to the problem at hand.
    [Show full text]
  • The Salivary Gland Transcriptome of the Neotropical Malaria Vector
    BMC Genomics BioMed Central Research article Open Access The salivary gland transcriptome of the neotropical malaria vector Anopheles darlingi reveals accelerated evolution of genes relevant to hematophagy Eric Calvo1, VanMPham1, Osvaldo Marinotti2, John F Andersen1 and José MC Ribeiro*1 Address: 1Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA and 2Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA Email: Eric Calvo - [email protected]; Van M Pham - [email protected]; Osvaldo Marinotti - [email protected]; John F Andersen - [email protected]; José MC Ribeiro* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 29 January 2009 Received: 4 November 2008 Accepted: 29 January 2009 BMC Genomics 2009, 10:57 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-57 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/57 © 2009 Calvo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Mosquito saliva, consisting of a mixture of dozens of proteins affecting vertebrate hemostasis and having sugar digestive and antimicrobial properties, helps both blood and sugar meal feeding. Culicine and anopheline mosquitoes diverged ~150 MYA, and within the anophelines, the New World species diverged from those of the Old World ~95 MYA. While the sialotranscriptome (from the Greek sialo, saliva) of several species of the Cellia subgenus of Anopheles has been described thoroughly, no detailed analysis of any New World anopheline has been done to date.
    [Show full text]