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Check List 8(3): 321-348, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution Check List 8(3): 321-348, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Vascular plants, Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, India PECIES S Amit Chawla 1*, Om Parkash 1, Varun Sharma 2, S. Rajkumar 3, Brij Lal 1, Gopichand 1, R.D. Singh 1 and OF A.K. Thukral ISTS 4 L Pradesh, India 176 061. 1 Biodiversity Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Palampur, Himachal 3 NRC in DNA Fingerprinting, B202, NBPGR, IARI, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India 110 012 2 Nature India Eco Solutions, #14, Thakker’s Pride, Opposite Siddharth Hotel, Nashik-Pune Road, Nashik, India 422 011. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Guru Nanak Dev University, Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences. Amritsar, India 143 005 Abstract: In the present study, we provide a checklist of the vascular plants of Kinnaur district situated in the Himachal Pradesh state of India in the western Himalaya. This checklist includes 893 taxa (viz., species, subspecies and varieties) of pteridophytes. Information about the growth habit, threat and endemicity status is also provided. Our results show thatbelonging family to Compositae 881 species is of by angiosperms far the most and species gymnosperms rich family distributed with 122 among species, 102 followed families by and Poaceae 433 genera, (69), Rosaceaeand 30 species (58), Artemisia is the most diverse genus with 19 species, followed by Potentilla Saussurea (13), Polygonum (11), Astragalus (10), Lonicera (10) and Nepeta (10). Similar to other regions Leguminosae (49) and Lamiaceae (38). Among the genera, taxa, our checklist (14), includes 606 herb species, 63 trees, 108 shrubs, 28 climbers, 67 graminoids and 21 sedges and rushes. Ofin theall the western species Himalayan recorded, range, 108 (12.2%) family-to-genera are endemic ratio to waswestern 1:4.25 Himalaya and the and genera-to-species 27 (3%) are placed ratio under was 1:2.04. IUCN threatenedOut of 893 categories. The present checklist on the flora of Kinnaur provides an important baseline data for further quantitative studies on the characteristics of plant communities in this region and will help in the identification of priority conservation areas. Introduction and Singh 1987). In the western Himalayan region, the Western Himalaya has long been recognized as a prominent angiosperm families are Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Poaceae, Ranunculaceae and Brassicaceae (Rau 1975). Singh and Singh 1987). The mountain ranges situated The vegetation is represented by lower and upper western ondistinct the westernfloristic regionside of in river India Sharda(Hooker (or 1904; west Mani of 77°1974; E Himalayan temperate forests, dry temperate coniferous longitude) in northwestern India, constitutes the ‘Indian forests, sub-alpine forests and scrubs, alpine pastures, Western Himalaya’ which includes the states of Jammu and dwarf Juniper scrub, and dry alpine scrub communities Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. This region (Champion and Seth 1968). Kinnaur is a northeastern frontier district in the wide altitudinal range and location at the intersection state of Himachal Pradesh that mostly consists of the harbours a rich regional flora due to its diverse topography, valleys along river Sutlej and its tributaries (Spiti and Baspa rivers, Figure 1). The terrain is rugged with steep Siberian,of several Tibetan biogeographical and Indo-Malayan units. The regions. flora Inof contrast,western precipitous slopes and narrow valleys (Figures 2 A- C). The Himalaya exhibits affinities with that of Mediterranean, wide range of altitudinal and climatic geospatial gradients Chinese and Malayasian elements, and supports luxuriant have endowed the landscape with a rich botanic diversity, evergreenthe vegetation broadleaf of eastern forests Himalaya or ‘tropical displays rainforests’ affinities with at dominated by conifers in the temperate zone (Figures 3 lower elevations. Another notable difference between A-C), Betula utilis-dominated forests and Rhododendron the western and eastern Himalaya is that conifers are campanulatum-dominated scrubs in the sub-alpine zone less common and are generally mixed with broadleaved (Figures 3 D, E), medicinal and aromatic herbs in the species in the eastern Himalaya as compared to the alpine meadows (Figures 3 F-H) and scrubby vegetation western Himalaya. In the eastern Himalaya, number of in the cold arid zone (Figure 3I). In Kinnaur, there are vascular plant species, the number of epiphytes (mostly three, almost parallel mountain ranges: the Zanskar, the Orchidaceae), Rhododendron and Quercus species are also Great Himalaya and the Dhaula Dhar with their peaks several folds greater than that in western Himalaya (Singh varying between 5,180 m to 6,770 m and covered with and Singh 1987). The Himalayan Mountain Range forms snow throughout the year. Based on the amount and a distinct biogeographic ecoregion with large variation distribution of precipitation (rainfall and snowfall), the in topography, climate and harbours considerable plant diversity (Olson et al. 2001). The proportion of endemic wet zone (Nichar and Sangla areas), the dry zone (Kalpa taxa is substantial in the entire Himalayan Range and thus, andregion Moorang is classified areas) into and threethe arid broad zone climatic (Pooh area).zones: Only the this ecoregion has been designated as a global biodiversity the area south of the Great Himalayan range receives the hotspot (Myers et al monsoon rains. The rainfall becomes lesser towards Shipki higher plants and about 29% of the endemic taxa of peak, the highest peak in Himachal Pradesh so that the . 2000). Around 4000 species of climate of north eastern Kinnaur is semiarid to arid. The Indian dicotyledonous flora occur in the Himalaya (Singh 321 Chawla et al. | Vascular plants, Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, India not been precisely investigated. In spite of Kinnaur being Nichar. In the temperate zone, the minimum temperature a biodiversity rich region, no attempt has been made to annual rainfall varies from° 45.4C and mm maximum at Pooh to from 380 mm7.5 toat list the species content of this district and no comparative 23.1°C, the mean January temperature being about 0.3°C botanic studies have been carried out between Kinnaur ranges from -6.9 to 14.6 and the neighbouring districts. In this communication, Peo, Kinnaur (H.P.), India). Seasons of the year comprise we provide an updated checklist of vascular plants from of(Source: winter Officefrom Decemberof the Deputy to end Commissioner, of March, followed Rekong by different elevations representing all the vegetation types of spring season from April to May and summer from June Kinnaur as well as the species growing near streams, lakes, to September, with rains in the months of July and August towns, orchards, villages and other human settlements in particularly at lower elevations of Kinnaur. Autumn season the region. We have used here the latest delineation of the spans over October to November. families, ‘Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) III system, 2009’. (Champion and Seth 1968), the vegetation of this region Based on the classification given by Champion and Seth district dominated by the same families as those of other moist and dry temperate forests, sub-alpine forests, dry westernThis studyHimalayan aims at regions? finding outii) Whati) Is the are flora the offamily-to- Kinnaur andcan bemoist classified alpine into scrub 29 typesand meadows. which belong Alpine to Himalayan meadows genera and genera-to-species ratios in Kinnaur and are cover large areas above the tree line (usually above these comparable to other regions in western Himalaya?, 3300 amsl). Below the tree line, thick coniferous forests and iii) What is the proportion of threatened and endemic are dominated by Cedrus deodara (Chawla et al. 2011). Pinus gerardiana (Chilgoza or Neoza pine) dominated forest occupies large area in the dry zone up to tree line Materialsspecies in the and flora Methods of Kinnaur district? in Kinnaur. This species occurs mostly in Kinnaur district Study Sites in the state of Himachal Pradesh. The economy of Kinnaur The present study was undertaken in Kinnaur district is mainly dependent on apple cultivation. Among the agro-ecosystems, besides Chilgoza forest plantations and other agricultural crops, apple orchards constitute a (30°22’40˝2 Nin tothe 33°12’40” western NHimalaya Latitude (www.himachalgov.and 75°47’55” E to 79°04’20˝nic.in). River E Longitude), Sutlej enters which the spansregion over at anan elevationarea of over of 6,4003,050 m,km and leaves it at an elevation of 1,320 m above major land use in the whole valley (Figures 4 A-E). distributedThough acrossthe flora the forstate, Himachal the vegetation Pradesh in (ChowdheryKinnaur has halves (Figure 1). and Wadhwa 1984) presents an extensive list of species mean sea level dividing the region into almost two equal Figure 1. Map of the study area. The points at which the photographs have been clicked are shown on the map and are indicated by figure numbers. 322 Chawla et al. | Vascular plants, Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, India Kinnaur is a region of high mountain ranges with most of the geographical area of Kinnaur. The district narrow valleys of the river Satluj and its tributaries. In has three administrative subdivisions, Pooh, Kalpa and southern Kinnaur, the Dhauladhars extend eastwards to Nichar. Pooh subdivision in the upper Kinnaur comprises meet the Greater Himalayan range, and separate Baspa three tehsils (an administrative unit under a district) of valley from district Shimla of Himachal Pradesh and Moorang, Pooh and Yangthang. Kalpa subdivision situated Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand state. Towards the in the middle Kinnaur, comprises of two tehsils, Kalpa and north east, the semi-arid to arid land areas occur across Sangla. Nichar subdivision in the lower Kinnaur has only the Zanskar mountains. The Greater Himalaya spans over one tehsil with the same name. The boundaries of the three sub-divisions are thus, co-terminus with the three ecological divisions of the area (Raha 2000).
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