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Ainsliaea Polystachya (Asteraceae), a New Species from Fujian, China Based on Morphological and Molecular Evidence

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Ainsliaea Polystachya (Asteraceae), a New Species from Fujian, China Based on Morphological and Molecular Evidence See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351057182 Ainsliaea polystachya (Asteraceae), a new species from Fujian, China based on morphological and molecular evidence Article in Phytotaxa · April 2021 DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.497.3.6 CITATIONS READS 0 34 5 authors, including: Zhen Zhang East China Normal University 6 PUBLICATIONS 18 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Taxonomic treatment, Ficus View project All content following this page was uploaded by Zhen Zhang on 06 May 2021. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Phytotaxa 497 (3): 277–284 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.3.6 Ainsliaea polystachya (Asteraceae), a new species from Fujian, China based on morphological and molecular evidence MEI-JIAO ZHANG1, XIANG-XIU SU2, CHANG AN3, HONG-QING LI1 & ZHEN ZHANG4* 1School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-3538 �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0658-6295 2Fengyang Nursery, 137 East Wenhua Road, Pingnan County, Fujian,352300 China �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-5407 3College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang road, Fuzhou, 350122 China �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-7936 4College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-0973 * Correspondence author Abstract A new species, Ainsliaea polystachya X. X. Su & M. J. Zhang is described from Fujian, China, based on morphological traits and molecular markers. The new species is distinct by open panicles, capitula bearing only one flower, and actinomorphic corolla. Keys to the morphologically similar species and phylogenetic allies are proposed. Keywords: Ainsliaea, new species, Compositae, morphology, phylogeny Introduction Ainsliaea Candolle (1838: 13) belongs to the tribe Mutisieae Cassini (1819: 199) in Asteraceae. The monophyly of this genus was established by Mitsui et al. (2008). Morphologically, Ainsliaea is relatively easily recognizable in the field by its unbranched stem, rosulate leaves, capitula with a few flowers (often 3), and plumose pappi. This genus is mainly distributed in southeastern Asia, mostly in south China but with some species in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam (Freire 2007; Gao et al. 2011). Over 50 species have been recorded in Ainsliaea, of which about 40 species (30 endemic) can be found in China (Gao et al. 2011). Undoubtedly, China is the center of species diversity for Ainsliaea. In the recent years, new species of Ainsliaea were described in China (Wang et al. 2010; Zhang et al. 2019; Peng et al. 2020), indicating that some further unrecorded species can be found there. In this study, we described a novel species in Ainsliaea from northeast Fujian, China, which occurs in the Wuyi Mountains covered by the well-developed subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest. For the added reliability of the new species, both morphological examination and molecular phylogenetic analysis were accomplished. Material and methods Morphological observations:—A well-developed population has been surveyed in Jiaocheng District, Fujian Province, southeast China. Some morphological characteristics, such as life form, indumentum, color of leaves and flowers, and inflorescence were recorded in the field or based on cultivated living plants. Size of leaves, flowers, and fruits were measured on the type specimens (and cultivated living plants). Specimens were stored in the Herbarium of the East China Normal University (HSNU) and the duplications are available in the herbaria of the Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden (CSH) and the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (PE). The morphological comparisons between the new species and allied or sympatric species in Ainsliaea were carried out. Accepted by Alexander Sennikov: 5 Apr. 2021; published: 22 Apr. 2021 277 1 Ainsliaea acerifolia var. acerifolia 1 100/100 Ainsliaea cordifolia 1 100/100 Ainsliaea acerifolia var. subapoda 96/88 Ainsliaea dissecta Ainsliaea apiculata Ainsliaea apiculata var. acerifolia 1 Ainsliaea linearis 84/81 1 Ainsliaea macroclinidioides var. okinawensis 98/93 Ainsliaea oblonga 1 100/99 Ainsliaea macroclinidioides var. okinawensis 1 Ainsliaea fragrans 1 93/82 Ainsliaea fragrans var. integrifolia 85/76 1 1 Ainsliaea simplicissima 81/66 100/100 Ainsliaea simplicissima Ainsliaea polystachya SXX20201101-1 0.81 1 A 1 B 74/57 100/100 Ainsliaea polystachya SXX20201101-2 100/100 Ainsliaea polystachya SXX20201101-3 sp. nov. Ainsliaea macroclinidioides 1 Ainsliaea gracilis 89/81 Ainsliaea walkeri 0.98 0.97 83/68 Ainsliaea grossedentata 88/95 Ainsliaea trinervis 1 Ainsliaea aptera 0.78 96/94 Ainsliaea apteroides 39/- Ainsliaea foliosa 0.57 32/- 1 Ainsliaea fulvipes 73/71 0.99 Ainsliaea macrocephala 0.97 54/60 0.006 40/- 1 Ainsliaea heterantha 100/100 0.77 Ainsliaea hypoleuca 47/- Ainsliaea gongshanensis 1 1 Ainsliaea elegans var. strigosa 100/100 93/91 Ainsliaea pertyoides 1 Ainsliaea henryi 91/80 0.91 45/- Ainsliaea lijiangensis 0.6 Ainsliaea yunnanensis -/55 Ainsliaea henryi 1 Ainsliaea henryi 97/95 Ainsliaea latifolia 97/97 Ainsliaea spicata 1 Ainsliaea glabra 1 100/98 Ainsliaea sutchuenensis 100/100 Ainsliaea lancifolia 1 Pertya robusta Pertya rigidula 100/100 0.99 69/58 0.99 Pertya scandens 75/55 Pertya glabrescens FIGURE 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on three concatenated loci (ITS+ETS+ndhF). The posterior probability (PP) values are listed above the branches, the maximum likelihood bootstrap supports (MLBS) and the maximum parsimony bootstrap supports (MPBS) below the branches. Phylogenetic inferences:—Two nuclear (ITS, ETS) and one chloroplast (ndhF) loci were used to infer the phylogenetic position of the novel species. Nine new sequences from three individuals of the new species were acquired (Genbank accessions: MW829545-MW829547 for ITS, MW836815-MW836817 for ETS and MW836818- MW836820 for ndhF). The sequences of other species of Ainsliaea were obtained from the works of Mitsui et al. 278 • Phytotaxa 497 (3) © 2021 Magnolia Press ZHANG ET AL. (2008), Funk et al. (2014), and Zhang et al. (2019) (detailed information on the sequences refers to Table 1 in Zhang et al. 2019). The sister genus Pertya Schultz Bipontinus (1862: 109) was set as outgroup according to Mitsui et al. (2008) and Funk et al. (2014). In this paper, three complementary approaches (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference) were implemented to construct a phylogenetic tree. The methods of alignment and phylogenetic reconstruction were referred to Zhang et al. (2019). Results Morphological observations:—Morphologically, the vegetative organs of the new species are similar to Ainsliaea gracilis Franchet (1894: 297) except its less-developed indumentum on leaves and cordiform base of non-decurrent lamina. However, its capitulum resembles A. simplicissima Zhang & Li (2019: 243) in a single flower of the same size and actinomorphic corolla, though its open inflorescence rachis and slim peduncle make it distinguishable. The new species is obviously distinct from the other species with one flower in capitulum, including A. uniflora Schultz Bipontinus (1861: 187), A. lancangensis Qian (2000: 161), and A. simplicissima, in the shape and arrangement of leaves. The sympatric species, such as A. fragrans Champ. ex Bentham (1852: 236) and A. macroclinidioides Hayata (1908: 141), can be easily distinguished from the new species by their shape and size of leaves. Molecular inference:—Three individuals of the new species form a well-supported monophyletic group (PP=1, MLBS=1, MPBS=1) in the phylogenetic tree based on three concatenated loci (Fig. 1, Clade A). It is phylogenetically allied to A. simplicissima and A. fragrans (PP=1, MLBS=81, MPBS=66). The close relationship between the new species and A. simplicissima is supported by their shared character of capitulum, which comprises only one flower. However, the new species and A. fragrans seem to have no obvious morphological similarity to confirm their phylogenetic relationship. Another morphologically related species, A. gracilis is far away from the new species on the phylogenetic tree. The other species in the Clade B are also easily distinguishable from the new species. Taxonomic Treatment Ainsliaea polystachya X. X. Su & M. J. Zhang, sp. nov. (多穗兔儿风) (Fig. 2–4) Type:—CHINA. Fujian: Ningde, Jiaocheng, Hubei, Shitang, Qiduxi, 1st November 2020, Xiang-Xiu Su SXX20201101-1 (holotype HSNU00079855!, Fig. 2); isotypes SXX20201101-2 (HSNU00079856!); SXX20201101-3 (CSH0183101!), SXX20201101-4 (CSH0183102!), SXX20201101-5 (CSH0183103!); SXX20201101-6 (PE02347182!), SXX20201101-7 (PE02347183!). Diagnosis:—The new species resembles Ainsliaea gracilis in the vegetative organs, differing from the latter by its open panicles, capitulum bearing only one flower, and actinomophic corolla. It is also similar to A. simplicissima in the capitulum, but can be distinguished by its open panicles, longer and slimmer peduncle, and white corolla lobes. Description:—Perennial
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