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A Ahmaḍ Ibn Rajab’s, 72n8, 77 ʿAbd al-Ḥamı d̄ al-Katib̄ , 6 ʿAisha ʿAbd al-Rahmạ n̄ , 233, 258n1, ʿAbd al-Ghanıal-Nā bulsı̄ ,̄ 87, 106n60 261n49 Abu ̄ Hayyan̄ al-Tawhı̣ dı̄ ,̄ 271, 279n18 al-Akhfash, 25 Abu ̄ Hilal̄ al-ʿAskarı ,̄ 38n116, 167n19, ʿAla’̄ al-Dın̄ Abu’l̄ Shamā t’̄ , 179, 186, 206, 207, 224n64, 169, 184 225n72 ‘ʿAlı ̄ al-Zaybaq’, 169, 171, 174, 175, Abu’l̄ ʿAlāʼ al-Maarrı͑ ,̄ 1, 19, 30, 76, 184 ʿ 229–57, 258n1, 265, 275 Al-Asha ,̄ 249 Abu’l̄ ʿAtahiyyā , 102 Al-Azdı ,̄ 214 Abu’l̄ Fath ̣ al-Iskandarı,̄ al-Iskandarı ̄ al-Azharı ,̄ 23, 24 (fi ctional character), 194, 197, ʿAlı ̄ b. Abı ̄ Ṭa lib̄ , 99 201, 272 Al-Baghdadā ̄ al-Khazin̄ , 12, 35n63, Abu’l Ṭayyib al-Washshāʼ, 81 117n7, 143n7 Abu ̄ Yusuf̄ Yaʿqub̄ , 175 Al-Baqillını̄ ,̄ 4, 38n120 Abu ̄ Zayd al-Ansạ rı̄ ,̄ 23 Al-Buhturı̣ ,̄ 232, 260n43 Abu ̄ Zayd al-Sarujı̄ ,̄ al-Sarujı̄ ̄ (fi ctional Al-Dhahabı ,̄ 231, 232, 235, 258n10, character), 201 262n86 adab Al-Fırū zā bā dı̄ ,̄ 24, 37n89, 174, defi nition, 7, 9, 11, 18, 30, 32 188n18 vs. literature, 189n32, 268, 278 al-Ghazalı̄ ,̄ 67, 72n8, 73n18, 74n30, Adam, Adam and Eve, 95, 96, 98, 99, 76, 82, 90, 101, 103n12, 107n97, 221n7, 256 105n41, 106n72, 108n112, 154, Adam Mez, 238 166n11, 239, 243, 260n37, Adunis , 4–7, 32n9, 33n27, 76 261n46

al-Hamadhanı̄ ,̄ 1, 174, 179, al-Shawkanı̄ ,̄ 13, 35n65, 37n94, 188n20, 193, 194, 196–8, 107n99 200, 201, 203–8, 211–16, 218, al-Shaf̄ iʿı ,̄ 92, 107n80, 114, 117n12 219, 220n1, 221n3, 222n14, al-Sharı̄ f̄ al-Jurjanı̄ ,̄ 27, 38n106, 48 223n25, 224n50, 227n106, 242, al-Ṭabarı ,̄ 24, 93, 97, 107n86 257, 266 al-Ṭabarsı ,̄ 25, 37n105, 60, 71n4, 88, al-Ḥ arırı̄ ,̄ 1, 201, 202, 206, 222n17, 106n66 223n38, 257, 266 al-Takmila wa l-Dhayl wa l-silạ al-Ḥ usrı̣ ̄ al-Qayrawanı̄ ,̄ 185 li-Kitab̄ Taj̄ al-Lugha wa-Sahạh̄ ̣ Al-Jah̄ iẓ ,̣ 69, 112, 117n10, 167n19, al-ʿArabiyya , 23, 37n92 168n31, 175, 176, 185, 188n29, al-Tanukhı̄ ,̄ 122, 143n4, 185, 186 194, 214, 215, 219, 221n5, Al- Thaʿalibı̄ ,̄ 205, 207, 224n59, 226n94, 226n103, 277 260n40 al-Jurjanı̄ ,̄ 27, 28, 38n106, 38n120, Al-Waqāʾiʿ al-Gharıbā fı ̄Ikhtifaʾ̄ Saʿıd̄ 48, 79, 91, 104n29, 106n79 Abı’l-Nah̄ ṣ al-Mutashāʾil, The al-Kalbı ,̄ 25 Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist , al-Kashshaf̄ , 24, 35n64, 37n101, 218 103n19, 107n99 al-Zabıdı̄ ,̄ 24, 37n98 al-Khalıl̄ b. Ahmaḍ al-Farahı̄ dı̄ ,̄ 22–3 Al-Zamakhsharı ,̄ 12, 23, 25, 37n91, Al-Marzubanı̄ ,̄ 252 37n101, 78, 93, 97, 104n21, al-Masu͑ dı̄ ,̄ 169, 174, 188n23 107n99, 143n22 al-Mawardı ,̄ 100, 108n108 anachronism, anachronistic, 266–9 Al-Mubarrad ʿaql , 28, 44, 49, 53, 69, 93, 95, Al-Mutannabı ,̄ 232 100–102, 139, 140, 153, 154, Al-Nabighā , 231, 250, 251 176, 194, 202, 204–8, 271, 272 Al-Nahḥ ạ s̄ , 110, 117n2 Arabic Language, 4, 22, 37n94, al-Nawadir̄ f ı ̄l-Lugha , 23 57n31, 101, 243 al-Niffarı ,̄ 89, 106n68 Asas̄ al-Balaghā , 23, 37n91, 104n29 al-Qamū s̄ al-Muhı̣ t̄ ,̣ 24, 37n96 atomistic readings, 237, 266 al-Qurtubı ,̄ 25, 37n104, 72n8, 77, Avicenna, 79, 94, 104n28 104n32, 107n99, 260n43 aya, a yāt̄ , signs , 63, 99, 102, 114 al-Qushayrı ,̄ 12, 25, 35n65, 170, ʿayyar,̄ ʿayyarı̄n̄ , 170–73, 187n3 187n6, 279n16 al-Raghib̄ al-Isfahạ nı̄ ,̄ 90, 138 al-Saghạ nı̄ ,̄ 23, 37n92 B al-Sạh̄ibı̣ ̄ fı ̄Fiqh al-Lugha , 4 badıʿ̄, rhetorical embellishments, 64 Al-Samarqandı ,̄ 16, 17, 36n73, 36n74, Banu ̄ Sasā n̄ , 208, 217 80, 104n31 Barbara Cassin, 22, 36n85 al-Shahrastanı̄ ,̄ 235, 259n21 Bashshar̄ b. Burd , 235, 255, 262n86 Al-Shanfara, 253 Beautiful Name, 45 al-Sharıf̄ al-Radı̣ ,̄ 33n15, 38n119, blasphemy, 235, 252 73n22, 106n78 Butruṣ Bustanı̄ ,̄ 24 INDEX 301

C Eschatology, eschatological, 61, 71n8, Carnival, carnivalesque, 1, 19, 22, 76–7, 83–4, 87, 103n7, 103n15, 147, 152, 161, 167n22, 185, 229, 230, 240, 244–7, 258n2, 269, 272–5, 277 258n13, 259n32 Claudio Guillén, 35n57, 272 essentialist, essentialised, essentialising, Commedia Divina , 231, 252 (essentialism), 3, 21, 240 Comparative literature, 20, 35n57, extremist, extremists, 232, 233, 236, 36n81, 272, 276, 277 237, 240 confl ict, 2, 3, 31, 50, 94, 187n7, 243, 265, 275 creative process, 1–3, 21, 141, 163, F 177, 186–75, 193 fabricate, fabrications, 15, 238, 265 creativity, 31, 175, 183, 215, 233, Fakhr al-dın̄ al-Razı̄ ,̄ 12, 35n60, 60, 244, 252 76, 103n4, 144n34 fata,̄ futuwwa , 170 fiṭ rah , 50, 55n5, 73n23 D folly , 47, 53, 57n31, 124, 131, 133, Dante, 231, 240, 252, 253, 258n8 137, 138, 140, 151, 153, 154, David Damrosch, 18, 36n76 184, 194, 204, 273, 274 Day of Judgment, 61, 70, 76, 98, 245, Forbidden Tree, the, 96, 99, 107n97, 247 256 decontextualisation, decontextualise, Franz Rosenthal, 145n43, 161, decontextualised, 266–9 167n24, 270 deformity, deformed, 121, 134, 135, Frederic Jameson, 198, 223n29 137, 138, 145n42, 186, 194, freedom, 135, 137, 167n22, 185, 221n5 259n16, 269–73, 275, 279n16 Disequilibrium, 18, 138, 147, 165, freethinking, 239, 277 185, 186 free-will, 17, 88, 96, 270 disfi gurement, 27, 29, 81–92, 116, ‘fusion of horizons’, 8 133, 138, 142, 269 Disgust, 93, 130, 159, 160, 164, 165 divine Reason, 100, 102 G doxa, 236, 268 game theory, 182, 190n45

E H Edward Said, 6, 20, 31, 34n37, 278 hadı̣ th̄ , 23, 69 Emile Habibi, 218 hadı̣ th̄ al-ifk , 110, 249 Emily Apter, 22, 36n84, 243, 277, hadı̣ th,̄ hadı̣ ths̄ , 99, 241, 242 280n38 Ḥadıth̄ʿlsạ̄ b. Hisham̄ , 218 Enlightenment, 2, 3, 6, 171, 276, 277 Hans-Georg Gadamer, 5, 8, 21, 34n44 Equilibrium (i ʿtidal)̄ , 14 Ḥ assan̄ b. Thabit̄ , 249, 250, 261n62 302 INDEX

hawa ,̄ 50, 93–5, 111, 157, 210 IbnʿAtāʾ al-Iskandarı ,̄ 13, 14 hell, 25, 59–108, 124, 147, 186, 199, Ibn Ḥ azm , 178, 179, 189n37 229–63, 269 Ibn Iyas̄ , 175 hereafter, 11, 16, 18, 62, 67, 79, 80, Ibn Manzụ r̄ , 23, 24, 174, 221n3 84, 86, 99, 230, 247 Ibn Qutayba, 69, 70, 73n28 heresy, 234, 235 Ibn Rashıq̄ , 206 hijāʾ (invective poetry), 47 Ibn Sharaf, 48 Ḥikayat̄ Ab?’l Qasim̄ al- Baghdadı̄ ,̄ 1, ikhtiyâr , 270–72 214, 226n90 implied reader, 266 hı̣la,̄ hiyaḷ , 186 instrumentalisation, 265 Humanism, Islamic, 19, 20 interpretive community, 266 human reason, 64, 100–102, 112, irony, 81–85, 134, 136, 157, 165, 231 124–33, 151, 153, 169, 182 Islam, Muslims, 1, 2, 4, 6, 11, 20–1, humour , 116, 132, 142, 153, 155, 31, 45, 47, 49, 61, 70, 84, 89, 157, 159, 160, 165, 177, 183, 95, 107n97, 126, 127, 139, 141, 200, 217, 218, 221n8 152, 215, 230–43, 252, 257, humq̣ , 57n31, 153–8, 160–65, 196, 204 265, 267, 268, 270, 273, 275 ‘The Hunchback Cycle’, 121, 122, isrâf , excess, 63, 66, 101, 109 125, 129, 133, 134, 136–8, 141, 147, 154, 165, 183, 186, 271 Ḥusn, ahsaṇ , 12, 13, 17, 21, 22, 24, J 27, 28, 43–55, 60, 66, 67, 70, Jacques Berque, 5 80, 94, 113, 115, 116, 139, 141, jahannam , 77, 80, 81 182, 184, 185, 187, 199, 205, jahl, 66, 87, 91, 109, 111, 116, 121, 217, 220, 251, 267 132, 154, 169, 243 jamal,̄ beauty , 54 Jinn, 95, 160, 163, 253 I justice, adl͑ , 11, 17, 154 ibʿad̄ , rejection, banishment, ousting, 25, 124 Iblıs̄ , 23, 95, 107n95, 202, 253–6 K IbnʿAbbas̄ , 24, 25, 117n8 khabar , akhbar̄ , anecdotes, 101 IbnʿAbd Rabbihi , 206, 223n23, Kitab̄ al-ʿAyn , 22, 172 224n67 knowledge production, knowledge- Ibn al-ʿAmıd̄ , 214, 226n86 production , 236, 237, 239, 268, Ibn al-Athır̄ , 174 275 Ibn al-Ḥ ajjaj̄ , 268, 279n6, 280n27 Ibn al-Jawzı ,̄ 49, 169, 176, 189n31 Ibn al-Muʿtazz , 64, 73n20 L Ibn al-Qarih̄ ,̣ 231, 236, 237, 242, Labıd̄ , 248 244, 247–50, 252–6 The Lady and the H ̣ashshash̄ ’ , 142, Ibn al-Rumı̄ ,̄ 205, 207 147–149, 151, 155, 156, 159, IbnʿArabı ,̄ 25, 60 161, 163, 183, 271, 273, 275 INDEX 303 laghw , 110, 112, 115, 194, 202, 217 misinterpretation, 247, 265–280 lahw , 179, 180 Miskawayh, 271, 279n18 laughter, 134, 160, 164, 165, 273, mizan̄ , 11, 18, 54, 64 274 mızān̄ , balance, 11, 18, 54, 64 Lexicography, lexicons, 1, 22–32, 136, moral agent, 71 162, 174, 211 moral commentary, 135, 137, 142, Liar Paradox, 195, 221n8, 262n81 158, 165, 274, 275 Lisan̄ al-Arab͑ , 23, 101, 114, 153, moral desert, 70, 97, 98 166n8, 221n3 moral diseases, 82, 83 literary analysis, 10 moral failure, 17, 27, 29, 80–83, 86, literary criticism, 8–11, 18, 19, 21, 48, 88, 91, 98, 99, 121, 125, 135, 116, 152, 170, 198, 202, 229, 137, 138, 141 240, 247, 251, 256, 257, 265, moral force, 64, 69, 70, 100, 101, 266, 268, 272, 276–8 103, 130, 196, 204, 271 literary device, 5 moral vocabulary, 10, 11, 32, 276 literary technique, 11, 187, 193, 200 Muhı̣ṭ̄ al-Muhı̣ṭ̄ , 24 literary theory, literary theories, 8, 22, Muhammaḍ ʿAbduh , 188n20, 104n20, 275, 276 189n39, 193, 225n78, 266 literary tools, 10, 149 Muhammaḍ al-Muwalihı̣ ,̄ 218 locus of enunciation, 236 Muʿjam al-Taʿrifat̄ , 27 ‘The Lover who Pretended to be a Mujmal al-Lugha , 23 Thief’, 129 mujun̄ , 1 mukaddı,̄ mukaddın̄ , 194, 195, 197, 198 M Muʿtazilite, 78, 107n99, 188n29, 238 madıh̄ ̣(panegyrics), 47 madness, 124, 161, 194, 196, 204, 207, 274 N Majnun,̄ Majnun̄ Layla, 161 nafs, 50, 93, 94, 107n92 Mahmụ d̄ al-ʿAqqad̄ , 257, 259n15 Naguib Mahfouz, 6 maqamat,̄ maqamā , 1, 10, 19, 30, najasā , 67, 149, 159, 160, 274 174, 177, 187, 193–203, 206–8, Nasr Hamid Abu-Zayd, 4 210, 214, 216–21, 222n22, 224n50, 257, 266, 267, 272 Martha Nussbaum, 277 O mazdaka , 234, 235 Orientalism, 6 ‘meaning of meaning’, 91, 92, 125 Orientalists, 125, 127, 146n58, 240 metaphor, 4, 30, 78, 82, 86, 87, the other, othering, 18, 20,22, 24, 29, 89–92, 101, 163, 169, 170, 186, 47, 54, 60, 66, 68, 70, 78, 84, 197, 208–14, 219, 223n27, 230, 100, 101, 110, 137, 151, 154, 249, 250, 276 164, 169, 170, 200, 208–10, Miguel Asín Palacios, 238 212, 215, 221n4, 232, 242, 243, Mikhail Bakhtin, 1, 31 250, 265, 269–75 304 INDEX

P reception, 4, 6, 13, 54, 69, 80 paradise, heaven, 43, 45, 55n3, 60, rhetorical device of exemplifi cation, 62, 76–8, 80, 87,94, 96–9, 103, 82 109, 110, 117n1, 186, 221n7, rupture, 3, 5, 30 229, 230, 240, 242, 244, 245, the story of Joseph, 11–13, 16, 17, 247–56, 261n56, 275 52, 71, 94 Pharaoh, 26, 27, 59–63, 65, 66, 95 stylistics 4, 5, 12, 14, 16, 83, 84, philology, 9, 20, 21, 33n31, 34n49, 231 277 translation, 5, 27 Pierre Bourdieu, 22, 236, 259n24 The verse of Light, 89–92 pre-Islamic Arabia, 47, 48, 81, 83, 87, worldly text, 6, 7 270 prejudice, prejudiced, 2, 8, 9, 20, 21, 31, 90, 91, 94, 127, 265, 268 R profane, 1, 2, 10, 16, 31, 156, 164 rationality, rationalism, 70, 78, 140, profanity, 147, 273 239, 252, 253 propaganda, 268 reward, 43, 44, 47, 50, 51, 53, 55n2, Prophet Muhammad, 23, 29, 37n97, 70, 71, 75, 76, 80, 97, 100, 123, 249 129, 186, 252 punishment, 25, 28, 45, 61, 62, 67, Reynold A. Nicholson, 237, 257n1 68, 70, 71, 72n8, 75–88, 91, 97, Risalat̄ al-Ghufran,̄ The Epistle of 111, 117n1, 122–6, 141, 142, Forgiveness , 1, 30, 229 153, 154, 159, 163, 165, 176, rogue, rogues, 170–76, 185, 194, 272 183, 185, 186, 199, 241, 252, roguery, 1, 171, 172, 175, 176, 272 254, 256, 269

S Q sacred, 1–3, 16, 31, 156, 161, 163, qadar, measure, 54, 64 215 qubh ,̣ qabıh̄ ,̣ 19, 48, 59–109, 121, Santiago Castro Goméz, 234 147, 169, 193, 151, 269 Satan, 94–6, 98, 107n96, 253, 254, Qur’an 275 applicatio , 5, 6, 14, 101 satire, 198, 200, 204, 207, 217, 218, and history of reading in Islam, 20 220, 234, 235, 242, 244, 247–9 inimitability, i ʿjaz̄ , 4, 12 scatology, 147, 268 literary canon, 9, 14, 19, 29 Scheherazade, 128, 167n27, 186 metaphors, 4, 52, 82, 87–89, 91, secular criticism, 31 101 semantics, 22, 27–9, 43, 53, 60, 61, narrative, qas aṣ ,̣ 12, 13, 16, 17, 21, 65, 66, 98, 100, 102, 109, 114, 40, 69, 125 116, 199, 202, 235, 243, 252, paradigm shift, 3–7, 14 271 INDEX 305 semiotics, 22, 30, 112, 114, 167n27, ‘ Thousand and One Nights , 1, 9, 10, 194, 195, 199, 200, 207, 219, 19, 30, 31, 38n122, 122, 123, 220, 223n41, 244 126, 128, 130, 134, 137–9, Shahriyar, 128, 145n47 144n41, 148, 151, 162, 163, shaṭ ara,̄ shāṭ ir, shuṭṭ ar̄ , 170–72, 174, 166n15, 167n27, 169–71, 176, 180, 184–6 174–5, 177, 179–81, 183, 186, Sıbawayh̄ , 245, 246 189n34, 271 story, stories, 4, 11–17, 26, 30, 51, Time/Space, 244–47, 251 52, 57n24, 57n27, 63, 65, 66, transgression, 29, 49, 50, 55, 62, 63, 69–71, 94, 95–99, 121, 123–5, 65–9, 75, 92, 95–103, 109–111, 128–37, 142n2, 145n50, 148, 115, 116, 121, 124, 139, 141, 150, 154, 156, 157, 163, 164, 142, 147, 151–7, 159–162, 164, 166n4, 167n27, 169, 170, 174, 165, 169–190, 194, 204, 217, 176, 179, 180–84, 186, 189n34, 269, 273, 277 196, 217, 231, 237, 256, 271, translation, 5, 6, 22, 27, 55n2, 60, 87, 272 145n46, 154, 189n39,231, 235, storytelling, 15, 36n79, 122, 123, 238, 243, 277, 279n18 131, 141, 148, 169, 172, 185, 186 sub-alternisation, 234 U Sufi , Sufi sm , 12, 13, 25, 27, 60, 67, Umberto Eco, 157, 167n22, 201 82, 87, 89, 170, 187n5, 270, ‘untranslatable’, the, 22, 277 279n16 ʿUrwa b, al-Ward, poet, 48 sukhf , 1, 162, 168n30, 268 symbolic power, 236 symbolic violence, 22, 236 V Virtue, virtues, 7, 20, 25, 43, 47, 48, 50, 57, 71, 75, T 112, 115, 117n9, 140, 141, Taʾabatạ Sharran, 253 163, 164, 171, 177, 186, Taha Hussein, 4, 33n18, 128, 259n15 207, 236 Ṭahir̄ al-Watṭ ạ r̄ , 6 Taj̄ al- ʿArus̄ , 24 takhyyıl̄ , 77, 78 W ‘The Tale of Crafty Dalılah’̄ , 166, 169 Walter D. Mignolo, 234 taqbıh̄ ̣al-hasaṇ wa tahsı̣n̄ al-qabıh̄ ,̣ Wolfgang Iser, 266 194, 196, 197, 203, 205–8, 219, ‘The Woman with Five Suitors’, 142, 224n59 147, 149, 151, 157, 163, 183, terrorist, terrorists, 232, 233, 236, 272 237 World literature, 1, 6, 19, 22, 33n33, Terry Eagleton, 10, 22, 98, 275 147, 277 306 INDEX

Z Zuhayr, pre-Islamic poet, 48, 117n2, zabaniyyā , 81, 254, 256 252 zandaqa , 235 zulṃ , 19, 50, 79, 92, 154, 157 Zaqqum,̄ the tree of, 81–4 zulṃ al-nafs (self-harm, self-injury), ‘zero-point’, 234 47, 50, 154 zına,̄ adornment , 54