GROUND-WATER RESOURCES DATA FOR BALDWIN COUNTY, ALABAMA
By James L. Robinson, Richard S. Moreland, and Amy E. Clark
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 96-487
Prepared in cooperation with the BALDWIN COUNTY COMMISSION
Montgomery, Alabama 1996 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GORDON P. EATON, Director
For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from:
District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services 2350 Fairlane Drive, Suite 120 Box 25286 Montgomery, AL 36116 Denver, CO 80225-0286 CONTENTS Page Abstract ...... 1 Introduction ...... 1 Purpose and scope ...... 3 Previous investigations...... 3 Acknowledgments ...... 3 Physical setting of Baldwin County ...... 4 Climate...... 4 Surface-water drainage...... 6 Geologic setting ...... 7 Ground-water resources data ...... 10 Well inventory...... 10 Well numbering system ...... 10 Well-site data ...... 10 Ground-water use...... 13 Ground-water levels...... 13 Ground-water quality ...... 24 Aquifer test results ...... 29 Summary ...... 32 References cited ...... 33 Appendix 1 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996...... 37
in FIGURES
1. Map showing location of cities, major roads, and streams of Baldwin County, Alabama ...... 2 2. Physiographic map of Baldwin County, Alabama ...... 5 3. Generalized geologic units in Baldwin County, Alabama, and their water bearing properties and yields ...... 8 4-8. Maps showing: 4. Location of prominent salt-related structural features in the Alabama Coastal Plain ...... 9 5. Well numbering system used in this report ...... 11 6. Location of selected inventoried wells...... 12 7. Location of centers of major ground-water withdrawals ...... 14 8. Location of selected well clusters...... 18 9. Graph showing mean daily water level in well ZZ-10, city of Gulf Shores well number 5 ...... 19 10. Graph showing historic water levels in city of Daphne well LL-6...... 20 11. Map showing location of selected wells for which water-quality data are available ...... 28 12. Map showing location of selected wells for which aquifer test analyses were performed ...... 30
TABLES
1. Average rainfall and temperature for stations in Baldwin County, Alabama (1961 - 1990)...... 6 2. Estimated average daily ground-water use by category in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1995 ...... 13 3. Records for selected well clusters in Baldwin County, Alabama...... 15 4. Historic water-level records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama. 21 5. Physical and chemical properties of ground water from selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama ...... 25 6. Results of aquifer test analyses for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama...... 31
IV CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS
Multiply by To obtain inch (in) 2.54 centimeter inch per year (in/yr) 25.4 millimeter per year foot (ft) 0.3048 meter square foot (ft2) 0.0929 square meter mile (mi) 1.609 kiilometer acre 4,047 square meter acre-feet 325,900 gallons square mile (mi2) 2.59 square kilometer cubic foot per second (ft^/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second cubic foot per second 0.01093 cubic meter per second per square mile (f^/mi2) per square mile cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 448.831 gallons per minute gallons per minute (gal/min) 0.06308 liter per second gallons per minute (gal/min) 1,440 gallons per day million gallons per day (Mgal/d) 0.04381 cubic meter per second
o__ Temperature in degree Fahrenheit ( F) can be converted to degree Celsius as follows: sC = 5/9x(°F-32)
Sea Level: In this report "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NVGD of 1929) - a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929.
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
ADECA - Alabama Department of Economic and Community Development ADEM - Alabama Department of Environmental Management DOT - Alabama Department of Transportation GSA - Geological Survey of Alabama GWSI - Ground Water Site Inventory database NWFWMD - Northwest Florida Water Management District USGS - U.S. Geological Survey GROUND-WATER RESOURCES DATA FOR BALDWIN COUNTY, ALABAMA
By James L. Robinson, Richard S. Moreland, and Amy E. Clark
ABSTRACT
Geologic and hydrologic data for 237 wells were collected, and water-levels in 223 wells in Baldwin and Escambia Counties were measured. Long-term water-level data, available for many wells, indicate that ground-water levels in most of Baldwin County show no significant trends for the period of record. However, ground-water levels have declined in the general vicinity of Spanish Fort and Daphne, and ground-water levels in the Gulf Shores and Orange Beach areas are less than 5 feet above sea level in places. The quality of ground water generally is good, but problems with iron, sulfur, turbidity, and color occur. The water from most private wells in Baldwin County is used without treatment or filtration. Alabama public-health law requires that water from public-supply wells be chlorinated. Beyond that, the most common treatment of ground water by public-water suppliers in Baldwin County consists of pH adjustment, iron removal, and aeration. The transmissivity of the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer was determined at 10 locations in Baldwin County. Estimates of transmissivity ranged from 700 to 5,400 feet squared per day. In general, aquifer transmissivity was greatest in the southeastern part of the county, and least in the o western part of the county near Mobile Bay. A storage coefficient of 1.5 x 10 was determined for the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer near Loxley.
INTRODUCTION Baldwin County is the largest county in the State of Alabama. The population of Baldwin County in June 1994, was estimated at 115,685 (U.S. Bureau of Census, 1995) and is projected to be 150,000 by the year 2000. Currently, Baldwin County is the fastest growing county in Alabama. Major population centers in Baldwin County (fig. 1) are Bay Minette, Daphne, Fairhope, Foley, Gulf Shores, Loxley, Orange Beach, Perdido, Robertsdale, Spanish Fort, and Summerdale. Baldwin County is 100 percent dependent on ground water for water supply. Ground- water withdrawals in Baldwin County were estimated to be about 7 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) in 1966 (Reed and McCain, 1971), 12 Mgal/d in 1980 (Baker and others, 1982), and 30 Mgal/d in 1990 (Baker and Mooty, 1993). The effects of future increases in ground-water withdrawals, to supply the needs of the growing county population, cannot be assessed without defining existing conditions. To address the future of ground-water development, the Baldwin County Commission requested the U.S. Geological Survey to perform a study of the ground- water resources of Baldwin County. 31°00'
0 2.6 6 MILES
0 2.6 6 KILOMETERS
^
Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000,1983 / GulfofMe»c° Universal Transverse Mercator projection, , ^_, -- -_ -- Zone 16
Figure 1. Location of cities, major roads, and streams of Baldwin County, Alabama,
2 Purpose and Scope The objectives of this report are to present a summary of existing ground-water data in Baldwin County, and to present data collected during the period of investigation from September 1994 to November 1995. A literature search for existing data was performed. Geologic and hydrologic data were collected from the files of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Geological Survey of Alabama (GS A), Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM), Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs (ADECA), Alabama Department of Transportation (DOT), the Northwest Florida Water Management District (NWFWMD), and from drilling companies in Baldwin County and adjacent counties. To assess current conditions, an inventory of existing wells in Baldwin County was performed; and two synoptic, mass water- level measurements were made in the inventoried wells. The second of these synoptic measurements will be summarized and published later by the USGS. Selected physical and chemical properties of water from wells in Baldwin County are presented. Aquifer-test results were analyzed for 10 public-supply wells.
Previous Investigations Many reports describe the geology and hydrology of Baldwin County. Adams and others (1926) and Osborne and others (1989) include geologic maps of Alabama. Reed (1971) presents a study of the geology of Baldwin County. Copeland (1968), Miller (1986, 1990), Miller and Renken (1988), and Davis (1987) present regional studies of the geologic and hydrogeologic framework of Alabama and adjacent States. The subsurface geology of Baldwin County was described by Walter and Kidd (1979), Raymond (1983, 1985), Raymond and others (1993), and Smith (1989). Studies of the deep subsurface of Baldwin County include a magnetic survey (Eby and Nicar, 1936) and a gravity map (MeWilliams and Joiner, 1970). Studies of the geomorphology of Baldwin County were included in Carlston (1950), Hardin and others (1976), and Smith (1986). Studies pertaining to the ground-water resources of Baldwin County include Reed and McCain (1971), Walter and Kidd (1979), Hinkle (1984), Chandler and others (1985), Gillett and Moore (1987), Mooty (1988), and Chandler and others (1996).
Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the citizens of Baldwin County who assisted the data collection efforts. The staff of the water departments at the cities of Gulf Shores, Fairhope, Bay Minette, Foley, Daphne, Robertsdale, Loxley, Summerdale, Silverhill, and Stapleton deserve special recognition and appreciation for their willingness to adjust pumping schedules so that water-level measurements could be made. The Perdido Bay, Bay Sewer and Water, Orange Beach, Stockton, Tensaw, and Spanish Fort water supply authorities deserve equal recognition. Finally, J.C. Peevy, George Kaiser, Norman and Larry Woerner, Mickey Alms, Sparky Wilson, and Jim Cherry are recognized for their help. PHYSICAL SETTING OF BALDWIN COUNTY Baldwin County lies within the East Gulf Coastal Plain physiographic section (fig. 2). The majority of the land area of Baldwin County lies within the Southern Pine Hills District (Sapp and Emplaincourt, 1975). The land area bordering the Alabama and Tensaw Rivers falls within the Alluvial-Deltaic Plain District, and the coastal area of Baldwin County falls within the Coastal Lowlands District. Land surface elevation in the Southern Pine Hills District ranges from about 300 feet (ft) above sea level to about 30 ft above sea level. The Southern Pine Hills is an elevated, south ward-sloping dissected plain developed on Miocene estuarine deposits to the north and on sand and gravel deposits of the Pliocene Citronelle Formation to the south (Davis, 1987). The Alluvial-Deltaic Plain District consists of alluvial and terrace river deposits. Land surface ranges in altitude from about 100 ft to sea level. The Coastal Lowlands District includes all the coastal areas of Baldwin County up to the base of the Pamlico marine scarp at an altitude of about 25 to 30 ft (Mooty, 1988). Typical landforms in the Coastal Lowlands District include flat to gently rolling plains, tidal streams, marshes, and wetlands. The terrain in the northern two-thirds of Baldwin County is marked by long, rolling hills, entrenched streams and rivers with steep banks. Streams draining westward to the Alabama and Tensaw Rivers drop to base level in relatively short distances, and are characterized by as much as 250 ft of relief (Davis, 1987). Relief in the southern third of Baldwin County is comparatively small; most streams and rivers have broad channels and low, gently sloping banks.
Climate Rain is the primary source of ground water, therefore, the average-annual rainfall in Baldwin County is of use in any compilation of ground-water data for Baldwin County. Average-annual rainfall is about 66 inches (in.) with July and August the wettest months and October and November the driest months. Monthly-mean and annual-mean rainfall and temperature data for three stations in Baldwin County, based on the standard 30-year reference period of 1961-90, are listed in table 1 (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1991). The data show that the annual-mean rainfall reported at the stations is approximately uniform throughout Baldwin County, with a range from 65.10 to 66.39 in. The difference in monthly-mean rainfall between the wettest months and the driest months is about 4 in. Based on the data in table 1, the coldest month in Baldwin County is January, and the warmest month is July. Average-monthly temperatures range from about 49 to 81 degrees (°F), and the average-annual temperature is about 66 °F. Rainfall during the 1994 calendar year was unusual because it was unequally distributed and well below average at two of the three stations. Rainfall at Bay Minette was 13.24 in. below average, and rainfall at Fairhope was 4.97 in. below average. Rainfall at Robertsdale was 1.24 in. above aver age. Temperatures during the 1994 calendar year were below normal during January, above normal from February to April, below normal from May to September, and above normal for November and December. For the calendar year as a whole, temperatures were 0.7 degrees below normal for Bay Minette, 1.1 degrees below normal at Robertsdale, and 0.8 degrees above normal at Fairhope. Rainfall during the 1995 calendar year was well above normal due to rain associated with hur ricane Erin on August 3 and hurricane Opal on October 4. Rainfall at Fairhope totaled 85.51 in. or 19.11 in. over normal. Temperatures extremes at Fairhope were a high of 99 °F, and a low of 23 °F, with an average of 67 °F; 1 degree above normal for the year. Weather data for calendar year 1995 for Bay Minette and Robertsdale were not available. EXPLANATION PHYSIOGRAPHIC DISTRICTS Southern Pine Hills
Alluvial-Deltaic Plain
Coastal Lowlands
Modified fromMooty, 1988 31°00
0 2.6 6 MILES I I 'i 0 2.6 6 KILOMETERS
Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000,1983 Universal Transverse Mercator projection. Zone 16 Figure 2. Physiographic map of Baldwin County, Alabama. Table 1. Average rainfall and temperature for stations in Baldwin County, Alabama (1961 -1990)
Rainfall Temperature (inches) (degrees Fahrenheit)
Bay Robertsdale Fairhope Bay Robertsdale Fairhope Minette Minette January 5.37 5.23 5.01 50.2 49.1 49.0 February 5.72 5.86 6.06 53.7 52.1 51.9 March 6.62 6.12 6.08 60.7 59.1 59.1 April 4.52 4.20 4.13 67.7 66.1 66.6 May 5.44 4.98 5.36 74.1 72.9 73.6 June 5.79 5.98 6.56 79.5 78.8 79.1 July 7.75 7.39 7.29 81.1 80.9 81.0 August 6.56 7.50 6.66 80.7 80.3 80.5 September 5.40 5.86 5.65 77.2 76.7 77. 1 October 3.08 3.58 3.18 68.4 67.3 67.6 November 4.40 4.57 4.22 60.0 59.1 59.4 December 5.74 4.55 4.90 53.4 52.3 52.1 Annual 66.39 65.82 65.10 67.2 66.2 66.4
Surface-Water Drainage The major surface-water drainages of Baldwin County are the Alabama, Tensaw, and Perdido Rivers (fig. 1). North of Bay Minette, the Little River, and Turkey, Majors, Halls, and Rains Creeks and Martins Branch flow west into the Tensaw or Alabama Rivers. South of Bay Minette a surface-water divide runs approximately down the center of the county. West of the divide, Bay Minette Creek, the Fish, Magnolia, and Bon Secour Rivers, and the tributaries Cowpen and Polecat Creeks flow into the Tensaw River or Mobile Bay. East of the divide the Styx and Blackwater Rivers, and Dyas and Hollinger Creeks flow into the Perdido River (fig. 1). The extreme southeastern section of Baldwin County is drained by localized creeks into Wolf Bay, Perdido Bay, or the Gulf of Mexico. The largest of these are Miflin, Wolf, and Sandy Creeks. GEOLOGIC SETTING The geologic formations of the Alabama Coastal Plain form a wedge of seaward thickening sedimentary deposits ranging in age from Late Cretaceous to Holocene. The sediments consist mainly of sand, gravel, silt, chalk, limestone, and sandstone (Davis, 1987). The freshwater-bearing sediments of Baldwin County, to a depth of about 800 ft (fig. 3), are composed of interbedded gravel, sand, silt, and clay of middle Miocene to Holocene age (Reed, 1971; Chandler and others, 1985; Raymond and others, 1993). The sand and gravel units compose the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer system. These aquifers generally are confined to semiconfined by the interbedded clay units (Chandler and others, 1985). Most of the geologic structures in the subsurface of the Coastal Plain of Alabama (fig. 4) can be attributed to the movement of the underlying Louann Salt of Jurassic age (Davis, 1987). Vertical displacement along the Pollard fault in northeastern Baldwin County should be similar to displacements reported by Cagle and Newton (1963) in Escambia County; 300 ft for beds of Late Cretaceous age and 50 ft for beds of Eocene age. The Wiggins Uplift in Baldwin County is probably related to a deep salt core (MeWilliams and Joiner, 1970), and gravity anomalies to the north and southwest of Tensaw are interpreted as faults associated with the Mobile Graben. Effects of the deep structures generally are masked by thick overlying sediments (MeWilliams and Joiner, 1970). The dip of shallow sediments in southern Baldwin County is assumed to follow the surface of the Pensacola Clay (Walter and Kidd, 1979). The Pensacola Clay, a marine clay of middle Miocene age, is estimated to dip south 28 degrees west at a rate of 38 feet per mile (ft/mi). The Pensacola Clay is absent in northern Baldwin County, and no marker bed which could be used to determine a regional structural trend has been identified in the shallow subsurface; but the top of the Claiborne Group of Eocene age is reported by Davis (1987) to have a regional dip of about 50 ft/mi to the south-south west. Me Williams and Joiner (1970) also report a regional dip for Baldwin County of 5 to 50 ft/mi to the south-southwest. Recent studies by the Geological Survey of Alabama (Raymond, 1985; Smith, 1989, 1991; Raymond and others, 1993) have presented the results of detailed studies of the Miocene and post-Miocene subsurface stratigraphy in southern Baldwin County. Formally, sediments overlying the Pensacola Clay, excepting maximum thicknesses of 50 to 100 ft for the Citronelle Formation and recent river terrace and floodplain deposits, were classified as Miocene undifferentiated. Up to 500 ft of Pliocene age sediments are now mapped in the subsurface of southern Baldwin County by the Geological Survey of Alabama based on biostratigraphic studies (Raymond and others, 1993). Similar studies have not been made in northern Baldwin County. Thickness Geologic Unit Lithology Series (feet) Yield Holocene and Alluvium, 0-150 Sand, white, gray, orange, and brown, very Up to 10 gallons per minute Pleistocene low terrace, fine to coarse-grained; gravel; gray and and coastal orange sandy clay. deposits
High terrace deposits Pliocene Citronelle 0-130 Sand, dark-reddish-brown, fine to Formation coarse-grained; gravel, light-gray, orange, and brown sandy clay; ferruginous cemented sandstone. oo L)1 4)s Undifferentiated 0-500 Sand, white, yellow, orange, light- §H fc Up to 700 gallons per minute deposits gray, thin to massively bedded; c J§ sandy clay, clay, blue to gray. 8 §< Miocene Miocene 100-3,000 Sand, white, yellow, orange, light- Up to 1,000 gallons per minute Series gray, brown, thin to massively undifferentiated bedded; sandy clay, clay, blue to gray Oligocene Undifferentiated 100-500 Limestone, grayish-yellow and gray, Unknown. No wells in Baldwin fossiliferous; clay, gray and green. County tap this unit. Potential yields of up to 350 gallons per minute in northern Baldwin County. Modified from Chandler and others, 1985; Mooty, 1988; Raymond and others, 1993; Reed and McCain, 1971
Figure 3. Generalized geologic units in Baldwin County, Alabama, and their water-bearing properties and yields. EXPLANATION
FAULT ZONE AND NAME
APPROXIMATE UPDIP LIMIT OF SALT DOME BASIN
40 MILES
0 10 20 30 40 KILOMETERS
MEXICO
Modified from Davis 1987
Figure 4. Location of prominent salt-related structural features in the Alabama Coastal Plain. GROUND-WATER RESOURCES DATA Well Inventory A county-wide well inventory was performed to identify wells suitable for measuring ground-water levels. The objective of this work was to lay the groundwork for constructing a water-level map for the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer system in Baldwin County. Data for 237 wells are included in this report. Water-level measurements were made in 223 of these wells, and historic water-level data are available for many of the wells. Driller's logs, geologic logs, geophysical logs, aquifer-test or well-performance data, and water-quality data were also collected when possible.
Well Numbering System The well-numbering system used in this report is based on the Federal system of subdivision of public lands. Each township is divided into 36 sections numbered from 1 in the northeast corner to 36 in the southeast corner. Each township is assigned a letter in the same order that sections are numbered from "A" through "Z," with "A" being assigned to the northeastern- most equal township and "Z" to the southeasternmost township. Letter designations are doubled or tripled as needed. Wells in each subdivision are numbered consecutively such as K-5.....K-9 (fig. 5) in the order that the wells are inventoried. Other numbering systems have been used in previous studies of Baldwin County. For this reason, many wells inventoried in this report have other number designations, in most cases assigned by the Geological Survey of Alabama.
Well-Site Data Basic data for all wells used in this study are listed in Appendix 1 by well number. Included in Appendix 1 are data describing owner, location, construction, altitude of land surface, water-level measurements, date of measurement, and use of the water. Well location and land- surface altitude were determined by site visit and locating the well on both USGS 7 1/2-minute quadrangle maps (1 in. = 24,000 in.) and county road maps of various scales. Site locations generally are considered accurate to within about 100 ft. The accuracy of the land-surface altitude is dependent on the contour interval of the USGS 7 1/2-minute map and the accuracy of the estimated location. Land-surface altitude is considered accurate to within plus or minus 2.5 ft for most wells, and to within 5 ft for all wells. Land-surface altitude for seven wells was determined either by previous studies or during this study by standard survey leveling. The locations of selected inventoried wells are shown on figure 6.
10 R.2E.
R. 2 E.
R. 1 E.
31* 00'
30»30'~
0 2.5 5 KILOMETERS
Figure 5. Well numbering system used in this report.
11 EXPLANATION Location of inventoried wel 1
31°00'
0 2.6 6 MILES
0 2.6 6 KILOMETERS
Beach
Base fromU.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000,1983 Universal Transverse Mercator projection. Zone 16 ______Figure 6. Location of selected inventoried wells.
12 Ground-Water Use The Miocene-Pliocene aquifer system is currently the sole source of public-water supply in Baldwin County. It is also heavily utilized for self-supplied domestic, agricultural, and recreational purposes. The aquifer system can yield up to 1 Mgal/d to properly constructed wells. Wells supplying private homes rarely need be more than 200 ft deep, with the most common depth being about 100 ft. Public-supply wells generally are between 100 and 300 ft deep. The estimated average daily ground-water use by category in Baldwin County in 1995 was based on most recent (1990) tabulations of water use in Alabama (Baker and Mooty, 1993) and the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs (ADECA) water-use reporting program that began in 1993. The ADECA program requires reporting for all uses over 100,000 gallons per day (gal/d). Ground-water use data for Baldwin County from Baker and Mooty (1993) and the ADECA water-use reporting program are summarized in table 2. Total estimated ground-water use in Baldwin County is about 41 Mgal/d. Agricultural use accounts for about 68 percent, public water supply accounts for about 30 percent, and the other 2 percent is for self-supplied domestic, commercial, and industrial uses. Major centers of ground-water withdrawal in Baldwin County are shown on figure 7.
Table 2. Estimated average daily ground-water use by category in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1995
Average daily water use Water-use category Source (million gallons per day)
Public water supply 12.2 ADECA Water-use program
Self-supplied commercial .1 Baker and Mooty, 1993
Self-supplied industrial .1 Baker and Mooty, 1993
Agricultural 27.9 ADECA Water-use program
Self-supplied domestic .6 Baker and Mooty, 1993
Total 40.9
Ground-Water Levels Water-level measurements were made in 223 of the 237 wells inventoried for this study. These data were summarized in the form of a map of the potentiometric surface of the Miocene- Pliocene aquifer system (Robinson and others, 1996). Ground-water levels ranged from a high of 259 ft above sea level near the Baldwin County/Escambia County border to about sea level at some locations near the Gulf Coast. A ground water high is oriented roughly north-south along a line that extends from the Baldwin County/Escambia County border to about 10 miles south of Bay Minette. A pronounced area of low ground-water levels occurs in the Spanish Fort Area. Ground-water levels along the entire Gulf Coast of Baldwin County were less than 5 ft above sea level during October and November 1995.
13 EXPLANATION Withdrawal Rate, 1993 (Million gallons per day)
3-4
0 2.6 6 MILES
0 2.6 B KILOMETERS
.Beach
Base fromU.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000,1983 Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 16______Figure 7. Location of centers of major ground-water withdrawals.
14 At many locations, multiple wells completed at different depths were measured. These data provided information about vertical ground-water gradients within the ground-water system (fig. 8). In general, ground-water levels decreased with depth in most areas of Baldwin County. This indicates a potential for aquifer recharge in these areas. Near the Gulf Coast, major rivers, and Mobile Bay, ground-water levels increase with well depth indicating discharge areas for the ground-water system. Table 3 presents water-level data for selected well clusters in Baldwin County, and figure 8 shows the locations of those well clusters. In November 1994, a continuous water-level recorder was installed in well ZZ-10, an inactive well of the city of Gulf Shores. The mean daily water-level in well ZZ-10 (fig. 9) shows the effects of ground-water withdrawals and seasonal rainfall patterns. Short term water-level fluctuations probably represent the effects of nearby pumping from the aquifer for agricultural irrigation. Long term trends result from the effects of seasonal rainfall. In general, water levels in well ZZ-10 declined from late spring to late summer, and rose from late summer until mid-spring. The lowest water levels occurred during the tourist season, when pumping for public supply was greatest Historic ground-water level data were collected from the files of the Geological Survey of Alabama, USGS, and from the public-water suppliers in Baldwin County. These data are presented in table 4. No significant long-term trends were indicated by the historic water-level data, except for the Spanish Fort and Daphne areas where a water-level decline of 35 ft from 1966 to 1991 was observed in the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer system (fig. 10). Water-level measurements in well LL-6 (fig. 10) in 1992 and 1994 suggest that water levels in the Miocene- Pliocene aquifer may be recovering.
Table 3. Records for selected well clusters in Baldwin County, Alabama [Source of water-level data: (1) USGS; (2) Griner Drilling Service, Inc.]
Altitude Depth of Depth to Date of T"\« ofcinr'f* of Depth of screened water level water Source of Local between land well interval below below land level water-level number wells surface (feet) land surface surface measure data (reet;{f(K*t\ (feet) (feet) (feet) ment F-12 310 72 to 72 3.3 11-01-95 200 1 F-ll 310 130 to 130 59.3
O-7 232 60 to 60 37.6 11-01-95 500 O-8 230 140 to 140 43.3 11-03-95
P-8 272 110 to 110 79.9 04-10-95 50 P-9 272 197 to 197 83.6
15 Table 3. Records for selected well clusters in Baldwin County, Alabama-Continued [Source of water-level data: (1) USGS; (2) Griner Drilling Service, Inc.]
Altitude Depth of Depth to Date of ,. . Distance of Depth of screened water level water , Source of Local , , between land well interval below below land level water-level number wells surface (feet) land surface surface measure- ,f .. data (feet) (feet) (feet) (feet) ment v U-18 270 40 to 40 39.0 10-31-95 300 1 U-6 279 256 197 to 250 82.8
CC-17 205 60 40 to 60 42.9 10-24-95 300 1 CC-18 205 335 305 to 335 136.8
CC-21 150 170 150 to 170 82.4 11-06-95 1,800 1 CC-23 160 386 366 to 386 144.2
NN-16 94 96 to 96 63.9 11-17-94 1,700 1 NN-15 90 230 110 to 120 68.9 09-13-94 129 to 154 195 to 220
PP-8 118 30 to 30 13.7 10-23-95 800 1 PP-5 115 146 75 to 85 12.9 120 to 130
QQ-12 115 52 to 52 40.3 10-25-95 } 1,600 10-26-95 QQ-11 121 105 80 to 100 63.1 1 } 100 QQ-13 122 225 205 to 225 81.9 10-25-95
TT-11 85 60 to 60 10.0 10-25-95 2,000 1 TT-12 88 200 126 to 196 26.8
TT-18 75 65 to 65 7.2 04-21-95 5,600 1 TT-15 84 390 355 to 380 42.5 04-12-95
16 Table 3. Records for selected well clusters in Baldwin County, Alabama-Continued [Source of water-level data: (1) USGS; (2) Griner Drilling Service, Inc.]
Altitude Depth of Depth to Date of ~. t , , Distance of Depth of screened water level water , ^ Source of Local , , , . , , between land well interval below below land level water-level number surface (feet) land surface surface_r measure- ffwe HS, data (feet) (feet) (feet) ment (leeU
VV-20 80 45 to 45 31.0 10-24-95 1,200 1 VV-17 82 150 to 150 26.2
YY-12 56 -200 to -200 23.4 10-23-95 2,100 1 YY-13 62 500 420 to 500 35.1
YY-16 40 110 90 to 110 21.9 10-23-95 1,200 1 YY-15 39 188 to 188 20.9
YY-19 53 57 to 57 17.8 10-23-95 50 1 YY-18 54 220 to 220 29.7
ZZ-12 30 125 85 to 125 16.1 10-23-95 1,200 1 ZZ-13 26 428 324 to 366 17.1 386 to 428
ZZ-28 52 256 226 to 256 28.2 11-30-94 50 2 ZZ-29 52 435 3% to 435 20.4 11-02-94
DDD-37 10 120 100 to 120 7.4
DDD-42 7 370 330 to 370 22 10-24-95 100 1 DDD-39 9 407 331 to 407 2.0
17 EXPLANATION WELL CLUSTER
Upward vertical ground-water head gradient.
Downward vertical ground-water head gradient.
0 2.6 6 MILES
0 2.5 6 KILOMETERS
Beach
BasefromU.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000,1983 Universal Transverse Mercator projection. Zone 16 Figure 8. Location of selected well clusters.
18 21 f-r
Pumping Rates 1-2 million 'The Tourist Season" gallons per day Memorial Day to Labor Day 20 Pumping Rates 2-3 million gallons per Day I0 CO 0 CO 0)
.Qs CO T5 vo 0
0) _0 k_ "co0
14 - Hurricane Erin Hurricane Opal August 3 October 4
13 I______I______1______I______|______I______I______I______I______I______I J______I_____I J J F M 1995 1996
Figure 9. Mean daily water level in well ZZ-10, city of Gulf Shores well number 5. Water level in feet below land surface
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"** ^ C3 i co ___ (Q -^ "fc^,,. __ i <° J__ Q -* --^^ ® g _ o *- -*'1'*** °°
CD ^^%«^ _ CO ^««»^ ~* ***^""" «. 0 _k """" f*^ *""""* *«»-_
Water Date of Altitude level water Source Local of land Depth below level of Remarks number surface (feet) land measure data (feet) surface ment (feet) D-ll 160 353 101.1 08/66 USGS Formerly listed as G-l with a depth of 101.7 10/70 USGS 235 feet, drilled 1963, sounded to 353 feet 101.9 10/74 USGS 10-3 1-95 after pump removed 100.2 11/80 USGS 102.2 11/82 USGS 102.0 10/95 USGS
M-6 270 260 90.0 09/49 D Well destroyed 1985. 90.7 10/68 USGS 76.8 10/70 USGS 83.1 10/74 USGS 78.5 11/77 USGS 98.2 11/80 USGS 101.8 11/82 USGS 98.3 11/84 USGS
U-ll 265 185 68.0 03/65 D City of Bay Minette well number 3, 65.3 07/66 USGS drilled 1965. 71.0 10/75 D 67.6 11/83 USGS 70.0 07/93 D 74.5 10/94 USGS
CC-5 152 309 111.0 07/65 D Spanish Fort well number 1, drilled 1964. 109.6 03/66 USGS 130.0 10/94 USGS 127.7 04/95 USGS 129.1 10/95 USGS
CC-15 200 364 165.0 04/90 D Spanish Fort well number 3, drilled 1990. 186.0 10/94 USGS
CC-21 150 170 62.0 01/92 D Pumphouse well, drilled 1992. 82.4 11/95 USGS
21 Table 4. Historic water-level records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama-Continued (Source: D, driller; GSA, Geological Survey of Alabama; O, Owner; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey)
Water Date of Altitude level water Source Local of land Depth below level of Remarks number surface (feet) land measure data (feet) surface ment (feet) CC-22 170 345 60.0 06/93 D Recreation center well, drilled 1993. 146.5 11/95 USGS
CC-23 160 386 110.0 06/92 D # 1 1 Tee well, drilled 1992. 144.2 11/95 USGS
KK-3 171 184 40.0 1959 D City of Loxley well number 1, drilled 45.4 05/66 GSA 1959. 50.0 1972 GSA 46.0 1976 GSA 50.5 10/95 USGS
KK-11 172 160 43.0 10/83 D Private irrigation well in same zone as 43.4 06/91 GS A city of Loxley public-supply well KK-03. 43.3 10/94 USGS 45.5 04/95 USGS 49.4 10/95 USGS
LL-6 153 442 130.5 03/66 USGS Daphne supply well, inactive. Data 148.3 10/68 GSA illustrated in figure 10 of this report. 142.3 10/69 GSA 162.0 11/78 GSA 143.1 11/80 GSA 144.7 11/82 GSA 152.7 11/83 GSA 154.0 11/84 GSA 149.9 10/85 GSA 152.6 10/86 GSA 148.1 10/87 GSA 154.4 10/88 GSA 157.5 10/90 GSA 165.5 10/91 GSA 160.0 10/92 GSA 131.4 10/94 GSA
22 Table 4. Historic water-level records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama-Continued (Source: D, driller; GSA, Geological Survey of Alabama; O, Owner; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey)
Water Date of Altitude level water Source Local of land Depth below level of Remarks number surface (feet) land measure data (feet) surface ment (feet) LL-11 145 315 48.5 06/59 D Formally Lake Forest Utilities well. 66.6 10/95 USGS Daphne well number 5, drilled 1959.
PP-2 143 171 32.0 09/49 USGS City of Robertsdale well number 2, 260 39.2 05/66 USGS drilled 1944, redrilled and deepened 38.9 10/69 USGS 1958. 37.3 10/74 USGS 38.4 11/80 USGS 34.7 11/83 USGS 35.7 09/94 USGS 34.8 10/95 USGS
PP-5 115 146 24.0 11/55 D Town of Summerdale public-supply well. 8.7 03/66 USGS 11.0 03/84 GSA 12.8 10/95 USGS
UU-9 78 148 20.0 05/54 D City of Foley well number 7. 24.0 03/66 USGS 24.0 08/70 O 29.0 01/75 O 20.0 05/80 O 29.0 08/83 GSA 27.0 05/86 Q 22.0 05/90 O 27.0 10/90 O 21.0 10/94 USGS 21.1 04/95 USGS
ZZ-8 41 218 44.0 10/90 O City of Gulf Shores well number 6. 43.0 10/91 O 46.0 10/92 O 44.0 10/93 O 37.7 10/95 USGS
23 Table 4. Historic water-level records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama-Continued (Source: D, driller; GSA, Geological Survey of Alabama; O, Owner; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey)
\\frttar WttlCl Date of Altitude level water Source Local of land Depth below level of Remarks number surface (feet) land measure data (feet) surface ment (feet) DDD-37 10 120 5.6 06/81 D Orange Beach W&FPA well number 2. 3.3 11/83 GSA 3.2 10/87 GSA 1.8 10/88 GSA 3.0 10/89 GSA 6.5 10/90 GSA 5.1 10/93 GSA 7.4 10/95 USGS
DDD-44 21 153 21.0 1971 D Gulf Shores State Park Golf Course 22.5 04/84 GSA irrigation well. 23.5 06/84 GSA 21.3 03/87 GSA 20.3 07/87 GSA 18.7 09/94 USGS
Ground-Water Quality The quality of the water in the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer system generally is good, and many self-supplied homeowners use ground water with no treatment. Water-quality data for all of Baldwin County were published by Reed and McCain (1971); Walter and Kidd (1979) and Chandler and others (1985) published water-quality data for southern Baldwin County. In general, ground water is more acidic in the southern part of the county. Ground water with dissolved-solids content exceeding 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L), a chloride content of 500 mg/L, and having a sulfurous odor occurs in the areas adjacent to the Mobile River and locally near the Gulf of Mexico. Ground-water quality in the inland areas is acidic and low in mineral content. In coastal areas, hydrogen sulfide and methane may occur. Problems with iron and sulfur occur in the Spanish Fort and Orange Beach areas.The results of chemical analyses of water from selected wells in Baldwin County are presented in table 5. The well locations are shown on figure 11.
24 Table 5. Physical and chemical properties of ground water from selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama [Laboratory codes: (1) Alabama State Department of Public Health - Bureau of Sanitation; (2) Alabama State Environmental Health Administration Laboratory; (3) Gulf Coast Laboratories, Inc.; (4) International Filter Company; (5) Leonard, R.H.; (6) Orlando Laboratories, Inc.; (7) Pensacola Testing Laboratories; (8) Pioneer Laboratory, Inc.; (9) Savannah Laboratories and Environmental Services, Inc.; (10) Thompson Engineering Testing, Inc. *, Exceeds maximum contaminant levels established by Alabama Department of Environmental Management, 1994; TDS, total dissolved solids; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, no data; <, less than]
Local pH Laboratory Depth TDS SS Ca Mg Na HCO3 SO4 Mn Fe NO3 well (stan a K code and screened asN number dard date (feet) (mg/L) (mg/L) (fig. ID units) (mg/L) JJo/L) (m8flO (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) sampled
G-5 328-378 8.0 400 25 5.6 2.7 160 7.0 160 0.014 0.19 <.l 9 388-410 05-18-90 K-9 168-199 7.3 8 2.4 8.4 6.0 .00 .45* .02 2 04-11-73
U-5 207-229 5.2 26 8 .. <.l <.l 4 07-11-38 U-15 170-290 6.07 32 10 1.6 1.4 7.3 3.7 <1 14 .01 .07 1.6 8 205-255 12-13-83 CC-5 265-305 6.6 139 20 6 7 .0 1.8* 3 01-11-65
CC-14 308-349 6.9 120 25 6.6 2.1 20 6.0 9.6 .086* 1.4* <.l 9 10-07-93 KK-8 140-180 5.6 .. 6.8 .047 <.05 10 07-24-84
LL-10 140-180 5.65 21 30 7.3 3 4 .075 7 11-05-74
NN-3 365-390 6.8 115 23 8.0 .8 6.6 5.5 .12* .75* 0 3 455-500 02-13-64 Table 5. Physical and chemical properties of ground water from selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama-Continued [Laboratory codes: (1) Alabama State Department of Public Health - Bureau of Sanitation; (2) Alabama State Environmental Health Administration Laboratory; (3) Gulf Coast Laboratories, Inc.; (4) International Filter Company; (5) Leonard, R.H.; (6) Orlando Laboratories, Inc.; (7) Pensacola Testing Laboratories; (8) Pioneer Laboratory, Inc.; (9) Savannah Laboratories and Environmental Services, Inc.; (10) Thompson Engineering Testing, Inc. *, Exceeds maximum contaminant levels established by Alabama Department of Environmental Management, 1994; TDS, total dissolved solids; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, no data; <, less than]
Local PH Hardness ~, NQ3 Laboratory Depth TDS Mg Na HCO3 SO4 Cl K Mn Fe well (stan as screened asNXT code, and number dard CaCO3 (feet) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) *"? . (fig. ID units) (mg/L) ^mg/ (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) * sampled NN-15 110-120 5.75 48 0.8 1.9 4.0 <1.0 7 0.3 0.02 0.04 1.8 5 129-154 03-09-82 195-220 OO-4 131-186 5.5 .6 1.2 3.1 1 5 .3 .01 .10 .40 5 04-26-82 PP-7 150-210 5.17 10 2 .7 <.01 2.2 <1 3.4 <.01 <.01 .06 .73 8 04-28-87 SS-15 240-270 5.8 ._ 4.9 1.0 .6 3.0 4.1 4 .5 .00 .15 5 03-22-74 WW-9 244-266 5.8 73 6.5 1.3 .84 4.2 6.2 5.8 .023 .23 <.l 9 290-330 08-13-90 ZZ-8 163-213 4.09 18 4 .8 .48 4.6 0 3.8 7 .009 .49* .15 8 08-05-84 ZZ-10 235-245 6.2 25 4 5.3 3.8 8.2 .010 .33* .315 8 04-12-84 ZZ-10 270-310 5.08 17 7 1.2 .96 2.8 3.7 3.8 4.3 .015 .16 .15 8 08-10-84 ZZ-28 226-256 4.4 48 3.4 .6 <.50 4.0 3.9 6.3 .013 .23 <.10 9 12-19-94 ZZ-29 396-435 6.0 190 12 2.9 1.2 8.1 4.9 3.5 .028 .98* <.10 9 11-03-94 Table 5. Physical and chemical properties of ground water from selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama-Continued [Laboratory codes: (1) Alabama State Department of Public Health - Bureau of Sanitation; j(2) Alabama State Envkonmental Health Administration Laboratory; (3) Gulf Coast Laboratories, Inc.; (4) International Filter Company; (5) Leonard, R.H.; (6) Orlando Laboratories, Inc.; (7) Pensacola Testing Laboratories; (8) Pioneer Laboratory, Inc.; (9) Savannah Laboratories and Environmental Services, Inc.; (10) Thompson Engineering Testing, Inc. *, Exceeds maximum contaminant levels established by Alabama Department of Environmental Management, 1994; TDS, total dissolved solids; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, no data; <, less than]
Local pH TDS HardnCSS Laboratory Depth Ca Mg Na HCO3 SO4 K Mn Fe NO3 well (stan as a code and screened asN number dard CaC03 date (feet) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (fig. ID units) (mg/ (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) sampled AAA-22 280-320 5.2 32 6.9 1.4 <.50 3.1 5.1 6.1 <.01 0.29 <.10 9 09-26-95 BBB-17 260-300 5.4 4 1.5 .2 3.4 .3 2 0.0 .0 .00 5 07-00-77 DDD-34 103-128 5.3 .8 .. 4 14 .02 .0 1 12-11-67 ^j DDD-34 103-128 5.0 56 .. 9 14 0 .08 __ 3 12-12-67 DDD-37 100-120 5.0 38 12 3.6 .7 8.7 15 <1.0 6 <.05 .14 .03 6 06-00-81
DDD-39 331-407 6.6 70 30.8 9.97 1.45 9.3 43.9 18.5 12 <.05 .28 <.02 6 11-00-83 DDD-42 330-370 6.1 75 35 9.6 2.7 6.9 46. 8 7 <.05 ' .75* .21 6 04-11-79 EXPLANATION G-5 Well location and local well number
0 2.6 6 MILES
0 2.6 6 KILOMETERS
AAA-22 BBB-17*
77 20 "*" ^ £j~28 ZZ-10 ZZ-8» ' DDD-39 DD-34*..- 'D-42 Shores
Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000,1983 Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 16______.______Figure 11. Location of selected wells for which water-quality data are available.
28 Aquifer Test Results Prior estimates of the hydraulic characteristics of the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer system, reported by Walter and Kidd (1979), give a range of transmissivity from 1,150 to 2,400 feet squared per day (ft2/d) and storage coefficients ranging from 0.00014 to 0.00115. During this study, hydraulic characteristics for the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer system of Baldwin County were estimated at 10 locations using data from 11 wells (table 6). All of the aquifers tested were con fined. All but one of the aquifer tests were single-well tests. In general, only moderate confidence can be placed on the results of a single-well test, and transmissivity is the only hydraulic characteristic that can be estimated. A multi-well aquifer test was performed for the city of Loxley public-supply well number 2 (KK-8) by the Geological Survey of Alabama (Tackle and others, 1993). It was possible to estimate the transmissivity and storage coefficient of the aquifer at this location. /^ Estimates of aquifer transmissivity in Baldwin County ranged from 700 to 5,400 ft/d. Transmissivities were greatest in the southeastern part of the county, and least in the western part of the county near Mobile Bay (fig. 12). A storage coefficient of 0.0015 was determined for the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer near Loxley.
29 EXPLANATION G-5 (3,600) Location of well used for aquifer test analysis. First number is local well number and number in parenthesis is estimated transmissivity in feet squared per day.
31°00'
Oh-I-h 2.6 'E MILES 0 2.6 E KILOMETERS
ch
Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000,1983 Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 16 ______Figure 12. Location of selected wells for which aquifer test analyses were performed.
30 Table 6. Results of aquifer test analyses for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama [Source of analysis: USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; GSA, Geological Survey of Alabama; ft2/d, feet squared per day]
Well Transmissivity Storage Method of Source of number Date of test (tf/d) coefficient analysis analysis (fig. 12) G-5 May 1990 3,600 not available modified non- USGS equilibrium CC-15 May 1990 1,440 not available modified non- USGS equilibrium KK-8 May 1991 3,800 .0015 Theis non- USGS equilibrium LL-21 November 1991 2,800 not available modified non- USGS equilibrium WW-9 September 1990 700 not available modified non- USGS equilibrium ZZ-10 August 1984 5,000 not available modified non- USGS equilibrium ZZ-14 May 1989 5,400 not available modified non- USGS equilibrium ZZ-22 November 1994 2,100 not available modified non- USGS equilibrium ZZ-28 November 1994 2,600 not available modified non- USGS equilibrium ZZ-29 November 1994 970 not available modified non- USGS equilibrium DDD-9 January 1978 1,150 .00007 Black and GSA Kipp, 1977 DDD-35 January 1977 2,400 .00014 Theis GSA
31 SUMMARY Baldwin County lies within the East Gulf Coastal Plain physiographic section. The major surface-water drainages are the Alabama, Tensaw, and Perdido Rivers. The freshwater-bearing sediments are composed of interbedded gravel, sand, silt and clay. These aquifers generally are confined to semiconfined by the interbedded clay units. The Miocene-Pliocene aquifer system is currently the sole source of public-water supply in Baldwin County. It is also heavily utilized for self-supplied domestic, agricultural, and recreational purposes. Wells supplying private homes rarely need be more than 200 feet deep, with the most common depth being about 100 feet. The depth of public-supply wells generally ranges between 100 and 300 feet. The ground-water resources data presented in this report represent conditions for the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer system for the period of September 1994 to November 1995. Total daily withdrawal from the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer system was estimated to be 41 million gallons per day. Agricultural use accounts for about 68 percent, public water supply accounts for about 30 percent, and the other 2 percent is for self-supplied domestic, commercial, and industrial uses. Comparison of historic and current ground-water level data indicate that there has been no significant decline in ground-water levels in most of Baldwin County. This suggests that current ground-water use levels in Baldwin County are sustainable. However, ground-water levels may be declining in the general area of Spanish Fort and Daphne. Ground-water levels in the Gulf Shores and Orange Beach areas are less than 5 feet above sea level in places. Water quality generally is good, and many self-supplied homeowners use ground water with no treatment. Problems with water quality occur near the Mobile River, Spanish Fort, and Orange Beach areas. The transmissivity of the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer system of Baldwin County, estimated at 10 locations using pump test data from 11 wells, ranged from 700 to 5,400 feet squared per day. Transmissivities were greatest in the southeastern part of the county, and least in the western part of the county near Mobile Bay.
32 REFERENCES CITED Adams, G.I., Butts, C., Stephenson, L.W., and Cooke, C.W., 1926, Geology of Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama Special Report 14, 312 p. Alabama Department of Environmental Management, 1991, Water quality criteria: Alabama Department of Environmental Management Administrative Code, Chapter 335-6-10. Baker, R.M., Gillett, Blakeney, Meng, P.M., and Bolin, D.E., 1982, Use of water in Alabama, 1980: Geological Survey of Alabama Information Series 59, 50 p. Baker, R.M., and Mooty, W.S., 1993, Use of water in Alabama, 1990: Geological Survey of Alabama Information Series 59E, 49 p. Baker, R.M., and Raymond, D.E., 1990, A preliminary report on wellhead protection area delineation: a demonstration project: Geological Survey of Alabama, 119 p. Black, J.H., and Kipp, K.L., Jr., 1977, Observation well response time and its effects upon aquifer test results: Journal of Hydrology, v. 34, no. 3-4, pp. 297-306. Cagle, J.W., Jr., and Newton, J.G., 1963, Geology and ground-water resources of Escambia County, Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama Bulletin 74, 205 p. Carlston, C.W., 1950, Pleistocene history of coastal Alabama: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, vol. 61, p. 1119-1130. Chandler, R.V., Moore, J.D., and Gillett, Blakeney, 1985, Ground-water chemistry and saltwater encroachment, southern Baldwin County, Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama Bulletin 126, 166 p. Chandler, R.V., Gillett, Blakeney, and DeJarnette, S.S., 1996, Hydrogeologic and water-use data for southern Baldwin County, Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama Circular 188, 124 p. Copeland, C. W., 1968, Geology of the Alabama Coastal Plain - A guidebook: Geological Survey of Alabama Circular 47, 97 p. Davis, M.E., 1987, Stratigraphic and hydrogeologic framework of the Alabama Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4112, 39 p. Eby, J.B., and Nicar, E.G., 1936, Magnetic investigations in southwest Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama Bulletin 43, 41 p. Gillett, Blakeney, and Moore, J.D., 1987, Ground-water levels in Alabama: 1986 water year October 1, 1986 - September 30, 1986): Geological Survey of Alabama Circular 112F, 329 p. Hardin, J.D., Sapp, C.D., Emplaincourt, J.L., and Richter, K.E., 1976, Shoreline and bathymetric changes in the coastal area of Alabama, a remote-sensing approach: Geological Survey of Alabama Information Series 50, 125 p. Hinkle, Frank, 1984, Ground-water resources of the lower Tombigbee-Mobile River corridor: Geological Survey of Alabama Circular 115, 56 p. Jackle, J.L., Baker, R.M., and Raymond, D.E., 1993, Wellhead protection development, town of Loxley, Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama Information Series 73, 29 p.
33 Me Williams, R.G., and Joiner, T.J., 1970, Gravity survey of Baldwin County, Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama Circular 60, 84 p. Miller, J.A., 1986, Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridian aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1403-6,91 p. Miller, J.A., 1990, Ground water atlas of the United States: Segment 6, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigation Atlas 0730-G, 28 p. Miller, J.A., and Renken, R.A., 1988, Nomenclature of regional hydrogeologic units of the southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation Report 87-4202, 21 p. Mooty, W.S., 1988, Geohydrology and susceptibility of major aquifers to surface contamination in Alabama; Area 13: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4080, 33 p. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1991, Climatological data annual summary, Alabama: Ashville, N.C., National Climatic Data Center, v. 97, no. 13. Osborne, WE., Szabo, M.W, Copeland, C.W., Jr., and Neathery, T.L., 1989, Geologic map of Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama Special Map 221, 1 sheet. Raymond, D.E., 1983, Depositional sequences in the Pensacola Clay of southwest Alabama and their significance in petroleum exploration in Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 33, 1983, p. 195-201: Geological Survey of Alabama Reprint Series 52. Raymond, D.E., 1985, Depositional sequences in the Pensacola Clay (Miocene) of southwest Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama Bulletin 114, 87 p. Raymond, D.E., Copeland, C.W, and Rindsberg, A.K., 1993, Post-Miocene sediments of the shallow subsurface of coastal Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama Circular 168, 93 p. Reed, PC., 1971, Geology of Baldwin County: Geological Survey of Alabama Map 94, 5 p. Reed, PC., and McCain, J.F., 1971, Water availability of Baldwin County, Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama Map 96, 55 p. Robinson, J.L., Moreland, R.S., and Clark, A.E., 1996, Potentiometric surface of the Miocene- Pliocene aquifer system of Baldwin County, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-590, 1 sheet. Sapp, C.D., and Emplaincourt, J., 1975, Physiographic regions of Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama Special Map 168, 1 sheet. Smith, C.C., 1989, Regional bio stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental history of the Miocene of onshore and offshore Alabama in Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 39, 1989, p. 285-301: Geological Survey of Alabama Reprint Series 76. __1991, Foraminiferal biostratigraphic framework, paleoenvironments, rates of sedimentation, and geologic history of the subsurface Miocene of southern Alabama and adjacent State and Federal waters: Geological Survey of Alabama Bulletin 138, 223 p.
34 Smith, W.E., 1986, Geomorphology of coastal Baldwin County, Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama Bulletin 124, 86 p. U.S. Bureau of Census, 1995, Population estimates, and population distribution branches. Walter, G.R., and Kidd, R.E., 1979, Ground-water management techniques for the control of salt water encroachment in Gulf Coast aquifers, a summary report: Alabama Geological Survey Open-File Report, 84 p.
35 Appendix 1
Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996.
37 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996 Geographic coordinate number: Latitude (DDMMSS), Longitude (DDDMMSS), and sequence number (01,02, etc.). Driller: (1) Acme Drilling Co., (2) Ala. Hwy. Dept., (3) Alms Pump Service, Inc., (4) Alsay Pippin Corp., (5) Byrds Well and Pump Supply Co., (6) David Cain, (7) Carloss Well Supply Co., (8) Coffey Well Drilling, (9) D&H Well Co., (10) John H. Davis, (11) Deep Well Drilling Co., (12) Dugger Drilling Co., (13) Etheridge Plumbing Co., (14) Graves Well Drilling Co., (15) Gray Artesian Well Co., (16) Griner Drilling Service, Inc., (17) Holland Well Co., (18) Layne Central Co., (19) J.A. Mosely, (20) Ponder Drilling Co., (21) Pope Engineering, (22) Powell Drilling Co., (23) Terry's Well Service, (24) Uriah Drilling Co., (25) Weldon Drilling Co., (26) E.C. White, (27) David Wilson, (28) Windham and Sons Pump and Supply Co., (29) Unknown. Depth of well: Depth of well given in feet below land surface. Water level: Measured water levels are in feet and tenths (rounded) above or below land surface; negative water level indicates water level above land surface. Altitude of land surface: Altitudes given in feet above sea level, from topographic maps; altitudes given in feet and tenths determined by standard survey leveling. Date of measurement: month/day/year. Method of lift: F, flowing; J, jet; N, none; R, rotary; S, submersible; T, turbine. Use of well: Ag, agriculture; C, commercial; D, domestic; F, fire protection; I, industrial; In, institutional; Ir, irrigation; M, monitoring; O, observation; P, public supply; R, recreation; 00 S, stock; T, test; U, unused. Remarks: gal/min, gallons per minute
Water level Altitude Depth above or Geographic Diameter of land below Local Owner Driller of well Date coordinate (inches) surface land Lift Use Remarks number (feet) number (feet) surface (feet)
A-5 311618087422301 Little River 5 155 4 115 68.0 10-11-95 S In Drilled 1995 Church 68.2 10-30-95 B-3 311728087452801 R Cox 26 -50 4 37 27.4 10-11-95 S S Supplies dairy B-4 311742087454301 Scott Paper 5 4 25 9.5 10-11-95 S C Lumber yard at 17.5 10-30-95 Dixie Landing B-5 311735087455001 do. 5 4 35 23.1 10-11-95 S C do. 28.0 10-30-95 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level above or Geographic Altitude Local _.. Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Date number L/nuer (feet)/r \ (inches)/ L \ surface land Lift Use Remarks number (feet) surface (feet) D-9 311309087430902 T. Bradley 24 -210 4 173 114.0 10-31-95 S D Drilled 1982 D-10 311021087472902 Campbell 29 4 160 108.1 04-28-95 S D 108.2 10-31-95 D-ll 311021087472901 do. 13 353 4 160 101.5 04-28-95 N U Formerly listed as 102.0 10-31-95 G-l, drilled 1963 E-8 311227087371101 T. Frazier 26 340 4 310 174.3 04-20-95 S D Drilled 1987, pumped 20 gal/min
E-9 311228087411201 Hughes 29 -350 4 210 115.4 01-31-95 S I Drilled for Oil and Eastern 114.4 04-17-95 Gas permit 3039 114.2 10-31-95 E-10 311216087413801 do. 29 399 4 120 27.1 01-31-95 S U Drilled for Oil and 26.7 04-18-95 Gas permit 3202 27.0 10-31-95 E-ll 311158087414501 Matthews 16 412 3 100 -1.1 10-30-95 N U Drilled for Oil and Gas permit 2925 E-12 311128087423501 do. 5 200 4 240 112.8 10-11-95 S D,C Matthews Hunting 112.9 10-30-95 Camp F-ll 310542087382401 B. Biggs 5 130 4 310 61.0 04-10-95 S D,Ag 59.3 11-01-95 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996--Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local «. Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller /e *V. Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet) F-12 310541087382201 do. 29 72 2 310 5.0 04-10-95 N U 3.3 11-01-95 F-13 310533087383001 C. Hayles 26 130 4 315 68.1 04-13-95 S D,Ag 66.4 11-01-95 F-14 311013087391801 Matthews 29 -145 4 245 124.8 10-30-95 N U Drilled for Oil and Gas permit 1742 F-15 310737087375901 D. Dean 5 -70 4 305 45.6 10-11-95 S D 45.8 10-30-95 G-5 310817087484901 Tensaw Water 16 410 8 85 5.5 10-06-94 T P Pumped Authority 5.1 04-18-95 226 gal/min 5.3 10-31-95 H-5 310818087501701 Scott Paper 29 4 20 -1.0 10-11-95 S R Fort Pierce Hunting -.4 10-30-95 Club 1-21 311217087365701 T. Boyette 8 390 4 310 173.2 11-03-95 S D Escambia County, Alabama K-5 310150087513501 Baldwin Co. 13 86 4 112 77.8 01-10-95 N U Vaughn Elementary Board of 77.4 04-17-95 School Education 77.6 10-25-95 K-9 310148087510801 Stockton 1 206 12 115 98.5 04-28-95 S P Pumped Water 101.0 10-26-95 200 gal/min Authority L-3 310117087441101 Hall 5 140 4 308 S D Not measured for this study Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 19%-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local ^.n Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller ,c * . Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
M-6 310016087372001 Perdido Jr 17 260 4 270 T P Well drilled 1947 High School and destroyed in 1985 M-8 310110087385001 Perdido 5 104 4 212 33.9 04-10-95 S C Vineyards 34.3 10-30-95 M-9 310116087384501 Perdido Fire 26 160 4 205 29.2 01-11-95 S F Department 28.8 04-10-95 28.5 10-30-95 M-10 310141087422601 T. Brown 29 -90 2 301 61.2 04-14-95 N U 53.6 10-30-95 M-ll 310118087420001 E. Long 19 -62 2 305 58.2 10-30-95 N U 0-6 305601087401601 Scott Paper 26 230 4 195 71.6 01-10-95 S Ir Drilled 1985 Co. 71.3 04-13-95 71.1 11-01-95 O-7 305730087371301 E. Howell 29 60 2 232 41.0 01-10-95 N U Dug well 37.9 04-13-95 37.6 11-01-95 0-8 305731087370901 do. 29 -140 4 230 43.3 11-03-95 N U P-6 305946087442501 G. Stewart 26 -76 2 292 67.3 01-12-95 N U 67.8 04-10-95 65.6 10-30-95 P-7 305947087442801 H. Stewart 26 99 2 292 66.5 04-10-95 N U Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller number (feet) (inches) surface land Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) surface (feet)
P-8 305621087455201 R. Stewart 26 110 2 272 79.9 04-10-95 N U P-9 305621087455301 do. 26 197 4 272 83.6 04-10-95 S D Drilled 1982 Q-13 305828087513701 D. Jackson 29 49 7 102 35.8 01-12-95 N U 33.6 04-13-95 32.5 10-25-95 Q-14 305913087515701 Overseas 29 -100 4 26 Not measured for Hardwood Co. this study
Si Q-15 305856087502301 B. Wiseman 9 190 4 118 71.0 04-13-95 S Ir 71.6 10-25-95 Q-16 305738087512701 A. Crane 26 275 4 110 55.7 11-07-95 S P Drilled 1990, pumped 27 gal/min T-ll 305122087515301 Uniroyal 21 168 6,2 115 65.4 02-01-95 N M Drilled 1983 Chemical Co. 64.9 04-17-95 64.7 10-30-95 T-12 304959087520101 C. Williams 13 89 4 154 53.9 02-01-95 N U 54.8 04-11-95 52.1 10-30-95 T-13 305257087533101 P. Patrick 26 230 4 35 11.1 02-01-95 S P Drilled 1975, 10.2 04- 1 1 -95 pumped 1 5 gal/min T-14 305320087492801 Baldwin 29 94 220 89.1 10-26-95 N M County Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Drillei Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
U-5 305305087462901 City of Bay 18 228 12,8 271 86.0 10-06-94 T P Well 1, drilled 1938, Minette 85.6 04-17-95 reworked 1951, 84.0 10-31-95 pumped 307 gal/min in 1993 U-6 305258087455801 Plasmine 18 256 24,10 279 82.8 10-31-95 T C Well 7, pumped 968 Industries gal/min in 1959, formerly Newport Industries U-8 305430087483501 E. Propst 29 -30 2 262 29.3 02-02-95 N U 26.8 04-14-95 U-ll 305145087462001 City of Bay 18 185 24,12 265 74.6 10-06-94 T P Well 3, drilled 1965, Minette pumped 503 gal/min in 1993 U-14A 305201087461703 City of Bay 18 185 24,12 255 66.4 10-06-94 T P Well 4, drilled 1974, Minette 66.8 04-17-95 pumped 503 66.1 10-31-95 gal/min in 1993 U-15 305258087470801 do. 18 265 24,16 269 85.8 10-06-94 T P Well 5, drilled 1983, 85.4 04-18-95 pumped 1,000 82.2 10-31-95 gal/min, in 1993 U-16 304954087463302 Culver's 29 -85 4 233 76.0 10-28-94 N U Nursery 70.3 04-11-95 70.1 10-31-95 U-17 304955087463201 do. 17 255 230 70.1 11-06-95 Drilled 1974 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
U-18 305255087454701 Plasmine 29 -40 2 270 39.0 10-31-95 N M Drilled 1994 Industries U-19 305324087430501 Harrison 24 105 4 190 45.6 10-31-95 S D Pumped 8 gal/min U-20 305405087461501 Hodgson 26 187 6 230 36.9 10-10-95 S R Pumped 208 gal/min V-8 305212087395901 R. Bjomas 26 105 4 180 40.5 01-30-95 S D Drilled 1982 . 39.0 04-13-95 37.5 10-30-95 V-9 305212087392201 J. Coolie 26 80 4 185 50.4 01-31-95 S D Drilled 1994 49.0 04-13-95 Y-5 304434087473101 Town of 22 112 12 221 53.3 04-26-95 S P Pumped 125 Stapleton 53.5 10-31-95 gal/min Y-6 304705087464101 J. Penna 26 180 4 213 99.3 04-27-95 S U Drilled 1977 99.6 10-30-95 Y-7 304913087485301 Carpenter 6 -70 4 246 60.0 04-26-95 N u 58.2 10-31-95 Y-8 304713087463301 Holly Hills 29 4 220 62.4 04-18-95 S Ir Pumped 125 Country Club 63.9 10-25-95 gal/min in 1995 Z-14 304758087522001 S. Martin 26 -70 4 154 48.2 04-26-95 S R Used to fill pond 46.5 10-31-95 Z-15 304517087534801 R.C. Bell 26 120 4 88 40.6 10-31-95 S S Drilled 1992 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet) Z-16 304519087534301 R.C. Bell 26 75 2 92 44.8 10-31-95 N U CC-5 304024087524401 Spanish Fort 18 309 16,10,8 152 129.5 10-05-94 T P Welll, pumped Water System 126.8 04-12-95 200 gal/min in 1965 129.2 10-24-95 CC-6 304007087534201 do. 18 378 18,12 170 T P Well 2, no static water-level measurements made during this study CC-11 303910087511001 Malbis 17 260 16,8 195 T P Not measured for Plantation this study CC-14 304017087541401 Spanish Fort 16 349 16,10 135 134.5 10-05-94 T P Well 4, drilled 1993, Water System 133.4 04-12-95 not in use 1994, pumped 402 gal/min CC-15 304037087510501 Spanish Fort 16 364 16,8 200 186.0 10-05-94 T P Well 3, drilled 1990 Water System , CC-16 304037087495601 Everwood 21 340 4 200 131.4 04-10-95 S I Treatment Co. 136.9 10-24-95 CC-17 304034087500101 Griner 16 60 4 205 43.6 10-07-94 S C Drilling 43.6 04-10-95 42.9 10-24-95 CC-18 304032087500101 do. 16 335 6 205 131.6 04-10-95 S C 136.8 10-24-95 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
CC-19 303910087511201 Malbis 17 160 4 195 126.6 04-12-95 S R Used to fill pond Plantation 128.6 10-26-95 CC-20 304007087511301 Timber Creek 3 400 4 185 183.2 11-07-95 S Ir Drilled 1994, Sales Golf Club Office well, pumped 60gal/min CC-21 304005087514201 do. 16 170 8 150 67.6 11-06-95 S Ir Pumphouse well CC-22 304035087515801 do. 16 345 8 170 146.5 11-06-95 S Ir Rec. Center Well CC-23 303950087512701 do. 16 386 8 160 144.2 11-06-95 S Ir #11 Tee Well CC-24 304106087542601 Fishbein 3 240 4 140 102.4 10-26-95 S Ir Pumped 30 gal/min DD-5 303855087453301 Flowerwood 17 147 6 180 55.9 10-25-94 S Ir Pumped 300 Nursery 57.4 04-10-95 gal/min 52.3 10-24-95 DD-6 303856087453301 Flowerwood 17 140 4 180 50.9 10-25-94 S U Pumped 100 Nursery 54.5 04-10-95 gal/min 52.4 10-24-95 DD-7 304306087480101 J. Reeves 26 118 4 215 48.0 10-28-94 S Ir 47.8 04-11-95 46.9 10-24-95 DD-8 304323087462501 D. Simpson 19 -100 4 212 28.8 04-19-95 S S 28.1 10-26-95 DD-9 304222087464201 International 3 -108 6. 190 25.8 04-20-95 N U Paper Co. 30.5 10-24-95 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller Date Lift Use Remarks number (inches) surface land number (feet) (feet) surface (feet)
DD-10 304221087464301 do. 3 130 6 190 38.2 04-20-95 N U 46.8 10-24-95 DD-11 304000087454701 Ider Truck 29 -160 4 192 63.6 11-01-95 S C Service FF-8 304020087351001 Spafford 29 24 56 160 9.8 04-27-95 N U Dug well about 100 years old FF-9 304020087361101 A. C. Martin 28 81 4 100 21.0 04-27-95 S D 19.6 10-24-95 FF-10 304243087362101 Bartl Farms 3 160 4 160 45.7 10-12-95 S Ag Drilled 1995 HH-4 303447087251801 State of 2 263 4 55 40.1 01-30-95 S P Drilled 1972 Alabama 39.6 04-18-95 39.5 10-25-95 HH-5 303829087263901 B. Maddox 23 126 4 168 56.4 04-27-95 S D 52.1 11-01-95 E-3 303823087345401 Simonson 3 130 4 110 36.5 04-13-95 S D 36.6 10-25-95 JJ-7 303404087370701 Elsanor 12 -50 4 138 12.1 10-07-94 S F Volunteer 10.9 04-13-95 Fire Dept. 10.7 10-26-95 JJ-8 303752087405301 M. Ellison 3 -150 4 180 42.7 04-27-95 S D 42.5 10-24-95 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996--Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local _. Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller ,-*',. / u \ _r Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
JJ-9 303433087413101 Waters 3 142 4 154 51.8 08-24-95 S S Pumped 30 gal/min 51.8 10-24-95 JJ-10 303731087382201 Baywood 29 -100 4 150 51.3 11-01-95 S C Products KK-3 303900087401001 City of 18 184 12,8 171 50.1 10-05-94 T P Drilled 1959, Loxley 50.5 10-25-95 pumped 305 gal/min KK-8 303624087450701 do. 17 180 16,10 165 62.4 10-05-94 T P Drilled 1984, 58.6 04-11-95 pumped 1,125 58.4 10-25-95 gal/min KK-9 303755087464901 Baldwin 29 161 6 178 58.9 10-25-94 S Ir Wholesale 58.9 04-10-95 Florist 59.0 10-25-95 KK-10 303803087470501 Suncoast 29 -200 4 180 61.1 10-26-94 S Ir Nursery 63.0 04-11-95 62.6 10-27-95 KK-11 303759087452001 R. Barnhill 3 160 4 172 43.0 10-25-94 S Ir Drilled 1983, 45.6 04-11-95 pumped 90 gal/min 49.5 10-27-95 KK-12 303707087434601 G. Bums 3 380 4 164 61.8 12-13-94 S Ir Drilled 1992 61.8 04-20-95 63.2 10-26-95 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996--Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local ru .11 Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller ,r *\N Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
KK-13 303644087463401 Baldwin 29 37 2 120 22.8 10-12-95 N M County 23.2 10-30-95 KK-14 303654087463201 do. 29 27 2 135 22.5 10-12-95 N M 22.8 10-30-95 KK-15 303413087464001 Peturis 16 200 6 130 52.9 11-01-95 S IT Drilled 1994, pumped 80 gal/min LL-6 303606087540601 City of 18 452 12,6 153 T P Drilled 1966, not Daphne measured during this study LL-10 303600087510601 Belforest 1 180 12 145 T P Drilled 1974, not Water System measured during this study LL-11 303829087535601 City of 18 315 12,8,6 145 65.4 10-04-94 T P Well 5, drilled 1959, Daphne 58.9 04-14-95 pumped 319 66.6 10-27-95 gal/min LL-13 303809087521901 do. 22 176 16,10 115 68.5 11-01-95 T P Well 7, drilled 1982, pumped 596 gal/min LL-14 303642087525501 City of 22 198 18,12 . 142 66.2 10-04-94 T P Well 4, drilled 1984, Daphne 60.8 10-31-95 pumped 125 gal/min LL-15 303631087520101 do. 16 210 8 150 73.7 10-27-94 N O Observation well 65.9 10-26-95 for Well 3 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local _. Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller ,, v . Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
LL-16 303638087522501 do. 16 215 8 155 78.4 10-27-94 N O Observation well 70.1 04-14-95 for Well 8 68.3 10-27-95 LL-17 303523087492901 G. Bums 3 182 4 145 67.4 12-13-94 S IT Drilled 1994 67.4 04-20-95 65.8 10-30-95 LL-18 303343087540201 M. Kovac 10 337 4 115 82.0 10-12-95 S D Drilled 1981 LL-19 303443087511301 Corte 17 -150 4 140 43.6 10-12-95 S D 43.5 11-01-95 LL-20 303502087540001 Jubilee 16 220 4 120 53.1 11-01-95 S IT Drilled 1986 Landscape LL-21 303638087522502 City of 16 215 20 155 T P Well 8, drilled 1991, Daphne not measured for this study NN-3 303107087532801 City of 18 510 20,12 118 90.5 09-13-94 T U Inactive well, Fairhope 89.8 04-18-95 pumped 752 89.9 10-24-95 gal/min NN-4 303135087540701 City of 18 479 16,10 100 68.2 10-24-95 T U Inactive well, Fairhope pumped 614 gal/min NN-15 302850087540901 do. 18 230 20,14 90 68.9 09-13-94 Well 4, drilled 1981, pumped 748 gal/min Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local ~.n Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller ,e v A Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet) NN-16 302849087534801 Street Dairy 29 96 4 94 63.9 11-17-94 S S NN-17 303358087510401 V. Alegra 3 -100 4 120 39.2 10-12-95 S Ag Used to process 37.9 11-01-95 truck crops NN-18 302918087541401 Lakeforest 29 -100 4 40 10.4 11-06-95 S U Golf Course NN-19 302907087550001 Lakewood 3 120 4 5 2.5 11-02-95 S IT Golf Course NN-20 303130087510201 City of 16 260 6,2 106 39.3 10-25-95 N O Observation well Fairhope for well 2 OO-l 303245087450501 Town of 1 197 10,4 145 55.5 09-14-94 T P Drilled 1962 Silverhill 51.2 04-18-95 50.2 10-24-95 OO-4 302935087490001 City of 18 186 20 102 T P Well 3, drilled 1955, Fairhope not measured for this study OO-6 303123087484201 Fairhope 29 43 2 25 4.4 09-14-94 N U Nursery 4.1 04-17-95 4.5 10-23-95 00-7 302822087430901 W.Wade 29 -100 4 106 12.6 10-26-94 S D 8.8 04-18-95 11.4 10-23-95 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local ^ T^III Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller ,,. 4, ,. , . Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
OO-8 302908087471701 Fish River 29 -110 4 103 62.5 10-26-94 S Ir Tree Farm 63.4 04-17-95 60.1 10-23-95 OO-9 303120087462501 Swoboda 3 150 4 95 25.0 10-26-95 S Ir PP-1 303306087425001 City of 18 203 16,12 140 36.4 09-13-94 T P Well 3, drilled 1958, Robertsdale 34.3 04-20-95 pumped 503 gpm 34.2 10-24-95 PP-2 303323087424601 do. 18 260 16 143 35.7 09-13-94 T P Well 2, drilled 1944, to 35.0 04-20-95 reworked 1958, 34.9 10-24-95 pumped 400 gal/min PP-5 302927087423301 City of 18 146 16,10 115 14.9 09-14-94 T P Drilled 1955, Summerdale 9.7 04-20-95 pumped 500 12.9 10-23-95 gal/min PP-7 303152087420901 City of 25 210 18,10 138 T P Drilled 1987, Robertsdale pumped 1,200 gal/min, not measured during this study PP-8 302929087422901 D.Wilson 27 30 2 118 14.4 09-14-94 N U Drilled 1989 by 13.3 04-18-95 owner 13.7 10-23-95 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local -. Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller ,. *\ Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
PP-9 303033087421201 Sharrett 17 295 8 118 30.5 10-05-94 T U Water-level 30.5 04-17-95 measurements questionable QQ-7 302829087341101 R. Hanft 3 -48 2 82 7.8 09-13-94 N U 8.6 04-13-95 QQ-8 302847087345201 Murphy 29 -58 4 105 25.4 09-13-94 S D 24.5 04-13-95 24.7 10-23-95 QQ-9 302955087362901 Flowerwood 29 6 106 44.3 10-25-94 S IT Nursery 36.5 04-12-95 40.7 10-23-95 QQ-10 303325087322301 G. Kaiser 17 415 12,6 118 80.6 04-13-95 T IT Drilled 1978 QQ-11 303316087320601 Hillandale 3 105 6 121 64.7 04-13-94 N U Well drilled 1991, Farms 63.1 10-26-95 pumped 70 gal/min QQ-12 303323087322201 G. Kaiser 29 52 2 115 42.4 04-13-95 N M 40.3 10-25-95 QQ-13 303316087321101 Hillandale 3 225 6 122 81.0 04-13-95 S S Well drilled 1991, Farms 81.5 10-25-95 pumped 70 gal/min QQ-14 302952087345001 P&K Nursery 3 110 4 65 18.4 04-13-95 S IT Drilled 1994 18.9 10-23-95 SS-15 302401087272301 Bay Sewer 18 280 18,10 52 27.3 09-01-94 T P Drilled 1974, and Water 27.6 04-20-95 pumped 457 26.3 10-27-95 gal/min Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
SS-16 302356087273601 do. 28 247 4 47 24.4 04-20-95 N M Drilled 1976, 23.3 10-27-95 pumped 60 gal/min SS-17 302341087273701 do. 29 ~54 4 30 18.1 04-20-95 N M SS-18 302324087273701 do. 29 -52 4 30 14.4 04-20-95 N M SS-19 302543087271501 D. Lee 3 180 4 80 59.4 10-27-95 S R,D Drilled 1995 TT-10 302423087334601 M. Kaiser 3 170 6 80 30.4 09-12-94 T U Drilled 1982 30.0 04-17-95 28.9 10-25-95 TT-11 302447087324901 Woemer 3 60 4 85 8.9 08-30-94 S C Properties 9.4 04-17-95 10.0 10-25-95 TT-12 302446087331001 Bailey 3 -200 8 88 26.4 08-30-94 S Ir 27.1 04-17-95 26.8 10-25-95 TT-13 302432087331901 do. 3 120 4 83 34.0 08-31-94 S S 34.8 04-17-95 34.3 10-25-95 TT-14 302727087312301 Scott Paper 18 372 8,6 85 43.7 09-14-94 S C Drilled 1991 Co. 43.6 04-12-95 44.1 10-23-95 TT-15 302727087312601 do. 18 390 20 84 42.5 09-14-94 T Ir Drilled 1991, 42.5 04-12-95 pumped 1,125 gal/min Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level above or Geographic Altitude Local Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller Date Lift Use Remarks (inches) land number number (feet) surface (feet) surface (feet)
TT-16 302744087362201 D. Bitto 29 -190 6 95 R Ir Inactive well, could not measure TT-17 302555087325401 J.Frank 3 94 4 92 14.9 04-21-95 S D Drilled 1993 15.3 10-23-95 TT-18 302720087323201 Armstrong 3 65 4 75 7.2 04-21-95 S D Drilled 1994 7.1 11-01-95 UU-6 302413087405001 City of Foley 18 157 24,12 69 25.8 10-04-94 T P Well 8, drilled 1962, 20.1 04-20-95 pumped 565 19.2 10-24-95 gal/min UU-9 302416087410001 CityofFoley 18 148 16,10 78 21.0 10-04-94 T P Well 7, drilled 1954, 21.1 04-20-95 pumped 320 gal/min UU-13 302425087372001 Wholesale 29 -100 4 59 15.4 09-14-94 S Ir Nursery 12.0 04-12-95 14.9 10-26-95 UU-14 302425087372002 do. 29 -100 4 59 15.5 09-14-94 S Ir UU-15 302435087372501 do. 29 -100 4 55 8.6 09-14-95 S Ir UU-16 302655087381001 Woerner 29 -100 4 92 20.8 11-16-94 S C Industries 18.9 04-17-95 21.2 10-26-95 UU-17 302830087385701 Alabama 3 150 4 79 9.0 11-16-94 S D,In Drilled 1983, Sheriffs Ranch 7.6 04-17-95 pumped 85 gal/min 8.8 10-26-95 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996--Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local _. Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller ,, FA Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
UU-18 302817087390001 do. 3 -100 4 89 9.8 11-16-94 S D,In Drilled 1987 VV-11 302424087443101 Pine Rest 29 120 4 59 30.4 09-14-94 S IT Cemetery 29.8 04-18-95 28.8 10-24-95 VV-12 302726087460001 Baldwin 29 44 2 90 33.7 09-13-94 N M County 35.1 04-19-95 VV-13 302712087463101 do 29 38 2 63 13.2 09-13-94 N M 12.9 04-19-95 VV-14 302725087463101 Baldwin 29 40.6 2 80 33.5 09-13-94 N M County 34.4 04-19-95 VV-15 302651087463101 do. 29 48 2 66 22.6 09-13-94 N M 22.7 04-19-95 VV-16 302707087443401 Enfinger 3 95 4 79 14.5 09-14-94 S Ir,R Used to fill pond 14.1 04-18-95 13.6 10-26-95 VV-17 302640087461001 Baldwin 29 150 4 82 29.2 09-08-94 S F County 29.5 04-19-95 26.2 10-24-95 VV-18 302652087432901 W. Cleverdon 3 120 4 95 28.3 10-05-94 S Ag 28.5 04-18-95 27.7 10-24-95 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 19%-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local ..... Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller ,c v' Date Lift Use Remarks (inches) number number (feet) surface land (feet) surface (feet)
W-19 302623087473501 R. Norris 3 192 8 82 46.0 12-15-94 T Ir 46.3 04-19-95 43.6 10-24-95 VV-20 302640087462001 Baldwin 29 45 2 80 31.0 10-24-95 N M County W-21 302438087490701 do. 3 140 4 26 15.3 10-25-95 S R,P WW-1 302812087511001 C.Ward 20 70 2 76 35.9 08-30-94 N U 36.3 04-18-95 WW-4A 302453087503701 R. Harris 29 145 4 55 43.2 08-30-94 S D 43.1 04-19-95 42.4 10-23-95 WW-9 302819087525501 City of 16 335 24,16,12 80 62.3 04-18-95 T P Well 5, drilled 1991, Fairhope 57.6 10-24-95 pumped 708 gal/min WW-10 302659087532901 Anderson 3 140 6 72 47.0 11-17-94 S Ir 46.9 04-20-95 46.0 11-01-95 YY-6 301858087434201 Baldwin 13 189 4 8 1.5 04-18-95 S U Drilled 1965 County 2.2 10-23-95 YY-12 302149087435101 Kaiser Farms 3 -200 6 56 23.0 10-04-94 R Ir 23.0 04-20-95 23.4 10-23-95 Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996 Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local _. Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller , ~ *\ x Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
YY-13 302130087440301 Kaiser Farms 17 500 12 62 33.4 10-05-94 T IT Drilled 1978, 33.8 04-19-95 pumped 1,000 35.1 10-23-95 gal/min YY-14 302129087474101 M. Lipscomb 3 -200 6 36 20.8 11-16-94 R IT 20.5 04-19-95 YY-15 302129087473101 M. Noltie 3 188 6 39 21.1 11-17-94 S IT 20.6 04-19-95 20.9 10-23-95 00 YY-16 302125087472901 Lipscomb 3 110 4 40 21.5 04-19-95 S Ag Farms 21.9 10-23-95 YY-17 302039087453701 Cleverdon 17 273 12 43 21.4 04-19-95 T U Drilled 1978, Farms 22.4 10-23-95 pumped 1,000 gal/min YY-18 302131087451501 Woerner 3 220 12 54 29.4 04-18-95 T IT Drilled 1994 Farms 29.7 10-23-95 YY-19 302131087451501 Woerner 3 57 4 53 17.7 04-19-95 N U Drilled 1994 Farms 17.8 10-23-95 ZZ-7 301818087422101 City of Gulf 4 203 16,10 10 8.3 10-03-94 T P Well 7, drilled 1986, Shores 7.5 04-10-95 pumped 110 gal/min Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level . . Altitude above or Geographic Diameter ofland Local below coordinate Owner DnUer ^ surface Date Lift Use Remarks number land number (feet) surface (feet)
ZZ-7A 301818087422102 do. 29 193 4 10 6.3 11-16-94 N O Observation well 6.8 04-10-95 for Well 7 7.2 04-18-95 9.5 10-25-95 ZZ-8 301841087415001 do. 4 218 20,12 41 36.2 10-03-94 T P Well 6, drilled 1987, 37.7 04-18-95 pumped 602 37.8 10-24-95 gal/min ZZ-8A 301842087414501 do. 29 205 2 43 41.4 11-16-94 N O Observation well 37.1 04-18-95 for Well 6 37.2 10-24-95 ZZ-10 301933087402801 City of Gulf 4 325 20 40 19.0 10-06-94 N U Well 5, drilled 1984, Shores 16.8 11-22-94 pumped 1,499 18.3 01-13-95 gal/min, 19.0 04-10-95 turbidity problem 17.1 10-23-95 ZZ-12 301803087401401 Craft, Inc. 3 125 6 30 13.6 11-17-94 T IT 11.7 04-18-95 16.1 10-23-95 ZZ-13 301804087403201 do. 17 428 12,6 26 13.1 04-18-95 S Ir Drilled 1975, 17.1 10-23-95 pumped 1,200 gal/min ZZ-14 301755087384301 Orange Beach 18 197 24,16 15 3.6 10-03-94 T P Well 5, drilled 1989, Water &FPA 4.5 04-20-95 pumped 1,500 7.5 10-24-95 gal/min, iron problems Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996--Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
ZZ-15 302126087404301 Meadow Run 3 90 6 49 5.7 10-07-94 S IT Drilled 1993 and Golf Course 4.9 04-12-95 plugged 1995 ZZ-16 301818087405101 City of Gulf 29 193 2 30 16.5 04-19-95 N O Observation well Shores 21.3 10-25-95 for Well 8 ZZ-17 302033087390001 J. Vinson 3 -70 4 53 11.0 11-15-94 S IT 7.6 04-17-95 10.2 10-24-95 ZZ-18 301927087380001 Boutwell 3 100 2 31 6.5 12-14-94 N U Drilled 1978 1.6 04-17-95 ZZ-19 301935087380001 Boutwell 3 71 2 36 10.0 12-14-94 N U Drilled 1970, 5.6 04-17-95 H2S problem ZZ-20 301845087410501 Woodlands 3 120 8 32 16.6 04-18-95 S Ir Drilled 1993 Golf Course 20.5 10-24-95 ZZ-21 301757087384501 Orange Beach 18 120 10 17 8.0 04-20-95 N T Drilled in 1995 for Water & FPA water sampling and withdrawal tests ZZ-22 302214087411301 CityofFoley 18 210 20,12 60 23.2 10-24-95 T P Well 10, drilled 1991, pumped 708 gal/min ZZ-23 302119087415701 Pineridge 3 75 4 33 10.3 10-25-95 S P Trailer Park ZZ-24 302119087415201 Meadowdale 3 75 4 39 16.8 10-27-95 S P Trailer Park Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local ..... Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller /r \. Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet) ZZ-25 302145087380401 Glenlakes 29 -100 6 29 3.7 10-23-95 S Ir,R Golf Course ZZ-26 301932087384301 Orange Beach 16 290 4 41 28.9 10-24-95 N O Drilled 1995 for Water & FPA observation well ZZ-27 301938087384301 do. 16 305 6 36 25.2 10-24-95 N T Drilled 1995 for aquifer tests ZZ-28 302017087381401 Orange Beach 16 435 12 52 N T Drilled 1994 for Water & FPA aquifer tests, well destroyed ZZ-29 302017087381402 do. 16 256 12 52 N T Drilled 1994 for aquifer tests, well destroyed AAA-17 301928087323101 Josephine 10 78 2 28 25.2 09-08-94 N U Drilled 1977 Baptist 25.0 04-13-95 Church 25.0 10-26-95 AAA-18 302138087343901 J.C. Peevy 29 155 4 13 -12.4 04-14-95 N D Flowing well sup -12.5 10-15-95 plies fountain in front of house AAA-21 302052087331901 Barbor, Inc. 29 81 6 31 18.6 01-12-95 N U Drilled 1978 or 16.6 04-13-95 1979 by Alms or 18.8 10-26-95 Holland Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996--Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local ^ T^_MI Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller /e \ / u \ -r Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet) AAA-22 302249087324101 PerdidoBay 16 320 8 70 39.1 04-14-95 N T Drilled 1995 as WS&FPA 39.3 10-26-95 test production well, pumped 250 gal/min AAA-23 302024087325401 Century South 18 330 3 52 31.5 04-14-95 N O Drilled for Nursery 32.3 10-26-95 aquifer test AAA-24 302208087321601 Century South 28 115 4 59 21.7 04-13-95 S C Drilled 1988 Nursery 21.8 11-01-95 to AAA-25 302246087362801 D. Brown 3 175 4 52 28.4 10-26-95 S D Owner reports that water is muddy after heavy rain BBB-17 302303087284501 PerdidoBay 18 310 18,10 65 43.4 09-01-94 T P Drilled 1977, WS&FPA 43.4 04-20-95 pumped 500 43.2 10-27-95 gal/min BBB-18 302122087302101 J.Denis 29 -120 4 46 39.5 09-15-94 S D Iron and H2S 38.3 04-14-95 problem 42.7 10-27-95 DDD-3 301606087411301 City of Gulf 18 98 16,10 16 11.9 04-18-95 T P Welll, drilled 1955, Shores 12.1 10-24-95 pumped 300 gal/min DDD-9 301519087384501 State of 14 413 10 8.3 3.2 09-02-94 N O Drilled 1977 for Alabama 1.2 04-10-95 saltwater intrusion 3.6 10-25-95 study Records for selected wells in Baldwin County, Alabama, 1996-Continued
Water level Altitude above or Geographic Local ^ T^II Depth Diameter of land below coordinate Owner Driller ,, *\ ,. , , ,. Date Lift Use Remarks number (feet) (inches) surface land number (feet) surface (feet)
DDD-10 301519087384502 do. 14 140 2 6.5 3.8 09-02-94 N O do., 3.7 04-10-95 saltwater well 4.0 10-25-95 DDD-29 301514087383701 do. 29 344 2 7 4.2 09-13-94 N O do. 2.3 04-10-95 4.6 10-25-95 DDD-34 301629087411001 City of Gulf 18 138 20,12 11 6.8 04-18-95 T P Well 2, drilled 1967, Shores 7.3 10-24-95 pumped 503 ON gal/min OJ DDD-35 301749087395001 Orange Beach 7 144 12,8 25 T P Well 1, drilled 1974, Water & FPA not measured during this study DDD-35A 301749087395002 do. 3 200 2 26 13.3 12-14-94 N O Observation well 11.4 04-21-95 for Well 1 14.2 10-25-95 DDD-36 301732087410701 City of Gulf 18 215 20,12 16 8.3 10-03-94 T P Well 3, drilled 1978, Shores 10.2 04-18-95 pumped 750 9.9 10-24-95 gal/min DDD-37 301718087380301 Orange Beach 14 120 18,10 10 10.8 10-03-94 T P Well 2, drilled 1981, Water & FPA 6.4 04-20-95 pumped 503 7.4 10-24-95 gal/min DDD-38 301727087390201 do. 1 143 16 10 5.1 12-14-94 N O Observation well 4.8 04-20-95 for Well 4, drilled 5.9 10-25-95 1983 en T3 oo
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64 *\i.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1996 - 533-412