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Difiza Militari.Pdf Perjodu Medjevali ..u tai-Kavallieri lz-Zejtun jinsab stratehikament bejn tliet portijiet importanti, dak tai-Marsa fit­ Tramuntana, u dawk ta' Marsaxlokk u Marsaskala fin-Nofsinhar. Ghal sekli shah u sahansitra wara 1-mihja tai-Ordni ta' San Gwann f'Malta, il-viCinanza tal-bahar habet maghha theddida minn attakki kemm ta' kursari Gharab kif ukoll Torok. ln-nuqqas ta' fortifikazzjonijiet kemm fii-Casale kif ukoll mal-kosta halla liz­ akwata. 11-Gran Mastru Alof de Wignacourt ma ta Zwieten kontinwament esposti ghall-periklu u ebda importanza lill-holma, imma wara li 1-attakk f'kaz ta' attakk, dawn ma kellhomx ghazla hlief sehh verament beda minnufih il-process li wassal li jaharbu lejn 1-lmdina. Wara 1-1494, il-ftehim ghall-kostruzzjoni tat-Torri San Lucjan, maghruf inbidel, u z-Zwieten setghu jistkennu hafna ukoll bhala 1-Forti ta' San Lucjan u msemmi hekk eqreb, f'Sant Anhlu. Mizura ohra preventiva f'gieh Knisja Franciza fejn kien tghammed kienet il-bini ta' numru ta' torrijiet bl-iskop ewlieni Wignacourt. lt-Torri nbena fuq il-kosta bejn li jaghtu s-sinjal li kien hej 1-ghadu, biex in-nies Marsaxlokk u Birzebbuha bejn 1-1610 - 1611 bi jaharbu jew jistahbew, u d-dejma tinhabar. spiza ta' 11,745 skud. lt-tieni 1-akbar torri tal­ Wiehed minn dawn it-torrijiet twaqqaf hdejn ii­ ghassa f'Malta, wara dak ta' San Tumas, kien Kappella qadima ta' San Girgor. Kemm it-torri armat b'madwar 6 kanuni kif ukoll munizzjon u u anke 1-kappella hew inkorporati fil-knisja kif armamenti ohra. Kappella zghira interna kellha nafuha llum li nbniet fis-seklu 16, b'passahhi pittura titolari tal-martirju ta' San Lucjan li tmexxiet sigrieti fil-hitan li kienu jservu ta' kenn ghall­ ghall-knisja parrokkjali ta' Hal Tarxien fl-1799 fi ghassiesa.Torri iehor, imsejjah it-Torri ta' l_ngraw zmien 1-irvelli kontra 1-FranCizi. hie mibni minn membru tal-kontinhent taz-Zejtun, Clemente Tabone, fl-1603 f'Hal Tmin jew fiz­ Fis-6 ta' Lulju, 1614, forza Torka ta' sittin bastiment zona ta' Misrah Strejnu. Dan izzarma fis-seklu intlemhet diehla biex tizbarka fii-Bajja ta' ghoxrin, meta 1-fdalijiet tieghu ntuzaw biex Marsaxlokk. It-Torri ta' San Lucjan fetah in-nar tinbena struttura rurali. fuq il-flotta Torka li kellha tirtira lejn ii-Bajjiet ta' San Tumas u Marsaskala, biex tizbarka minn Skont lehhendi lokali, mara kellha holma li fiha hemm. Peress li t-tieni torri, dak ta' San Tumas, deherilha San Gwann u talabha tavza liii-Gran kien ghadu fil-fazi inizjali tal-kostruzzjoni tieghu, Mastru biex jiffortifika z-zona ta' Marsaxlokk din id-darba 1-ghadu ma sab ebda tfixkil. Dan 1- peress li kien imminenti attakk iehor minn dik 1- attakk baqa' maghruf bhala 1-ahhar hbit u halla Socjeta Muzikali Beland • Zejtun • ls-36 Pubblikazzjoni • 2019 145 herba fiz-Zejtun u fl-inhawi qabel mat-Torok hew imhieghla jirtiraw mill-milizzji Maltin u 1-kavallerija tai-Ordni. Ghaldaqstant, wara 1-hbit, ix-xoghol fuq it-tieni torri tkompla minnufih. lt-Torri ta' San Tumas inbena fuq il-kosta fil-post ezatt fejn kien zbarka 1-ghadu maghruf bhala tai-Hamrija u ha 1-isem ta' kappella ddedikata Iii San Tumas li kienet tinstab fil-qrib. L-ispiza kienet ta' ftit iktar minn 13,450 skud u b'hekk kien it-tieni 1-aktar torri li sewa flus, u t-tielet wiehed li hie ffinanzjat personalment minn Wignacourt stess. Huwa hafna ikbar minn dawk li normalment jidhru fuq il-kosta ghax kien mahsub biex jiddefendi 1-bajja u jintuza bhala armerija apparti li jservi funzjoni bhala torri tal-ghassa. Ghandu hitan hoxnin hafna u erba' turretti kantjonati pentagonali li jisporhu Minkejja t-theddida dejjem tonqos ta' attakki mill­ 'I barra fuq kull kantuniera. lmdawwar b'foss bahar, u nuqqas ta' qbil fi hdan 1-0rdni nnifisha imqatta' fil-blat, id-dhul kien permezz ta' dwar jekk tinvestix f'aktar fortifikazzjonijiet, drawbridge tal-injam li ghadu parzjalment intatt komplew jinbnew aktar difizi kostali madwar il­ u 1-uniku wiehed li baqa' fMalta. gzejjer. Wara zjara f'Malta mill-inhiniera militari Fontet u Arginy fl-1714, u dik ta' Philip de Vendome Apparti dawn 1-isforzi min-naha tai-Ordni, iz­ fis-sena ta' wara, hiet approvata firxa shiha ta' Zwieten bnew numru ta' strutturi ·ohra madwar fortifikazzjonijiet hodda madwar iz-Zejtun, li kienet ir-rahal bhat-Torri tai-Mozz fl-1628, it-Torri ta' tikkonsisti prinCipalment minn serje ta' batteriji u Sant' Antnin fuq ix-xaqliba ta' Wied ii-Ghajn, it­ entrenchments kostali f Marsaxlokk u Marsaskala. Torri tai-Buttar u Torri tai-Gardiel. It-Torri Mama nbena fl-1657, bhala abitazzjoni Fii-Bajja ta' San Tumas inbnew zewh batteriji, dik fortifikata biex tipprotehi lill-membri tal-istess ta' Rihama, maghrufa wkoll bhala 1-Batteria ta' familja, hirien u dawk li kienu jahdmu fl-ghelieqi Ducluseaux jew Tal-Francis, u 1-Batterija tai­ tal-madwar. 11-familja Mama bniet ukoll kappella Mahsel. Dawn tlestew fl-1716 bhala parti mill­ fil-qrib immedjat iddedikata Iii San Gejtanu u ewwel fazi ta' bini ta' batteriji kostali u kienu sena wara, 1-imsemmi Clemente Tabone beAa mqassmin 1-istess, fuq in-nahiet opposti tal-bajja 1-kappella ta' San Klement ezattament fl-inhawi jharsu lejn xulxin. .. fejn iz-Zwieten ghelbu lit-Torok fil-hbit tal-1614 bhala ringrazzjament tal-helsien mill-attakk u Kemm ii-Batterija ta' Rihama kif ukoll ta' Mahsel weghda li kien ghamel. kienu mfasslin fuq pjanti simili, bi pjattaforma pentagonali u blockhouse. Dik ta' Rihama Fl-1659, tlestew erba' torrijiet tal-ghassa tul il­ orihinarjament kellha redan forma ta' V li jipprotehi kosta mill-Gran Mastru de Redin. Dawn kienu d-dahla taghha u kienet imdawra b'foss. 11- ta' Xrobb 1-Ghahin (Torre di Siuarep), fil-limiti ta' blockhouse taghha, li kienet wahda mill-ikbar Marsaxlokk, it-torri taz-Zonqor, (Torre di Zoncol), mibnija fbatterija kostali tai-Ordni, kienet maqsuma in-naha ta' Marsaskala, li ssostitwixxa post tal­ fi tliet kmamar; wahda kbira centrali ghall­ ghassa medjevali li kien jinstab hemmhekk, it­ akkomodazzjoni tat-truppi, l1"t-tnejn 1-ohra fil-hnub torri ta' Delimara (Torre della Limara), u dak ta' ghall-hazna tal-porvli u tal-ikel. Taht il-kmamar Benghisa (Torre di Benissa maghruf anke bhala kienet tinstab Cisterna maqtuha fil-blat. Kemm il­ t-Torri 1-Ahmar), ukoll flak post tal-ghassa kmamar tal-henb kif ukoll tan-nofs kellhom 1- medjevali. aperturi jaghtu u jharsu fuq il-pjattaforma, u 1- entrata kienet min-naha tae wara. 146 Fl-istess zmien it-Torri ta' San Tumas hie msahhah tai-Ponta ta' Delimara, li forsi bii-Malti ghalhekk biz-zieda ta' batterija, u madwar San Lucjan misjuba bhala t-Taqtiegha ta' Delimara. F'San twaqqfet batterija tal-artillerija, li wara rinnovazzjoni Lucjan madwar 160 rahel, hafna minnhom Zwieten fl-ahhar ftit snin tai-Ordni fMalta beda jisejjah Forti taht il-kmand ta' Lugotenet tal-flotta tai-Ordni, de Rohan. Fir-rahal imnifsu nbena wkoll it-Torri certu kavallier Du Pin LaguEriviEre, fethu n-nar ta' Vendome fl-1715. fuq ii-Francizi u waqfu biss wara li t-18-il bicca artillerija li kellhom spiccaw bla munizzjon . 11- General Franciz Desaix kien impressjonat tant li ST. THOMAS TOWER & BATTERY FORT SAN LUCIAN halliehom jitilqu bl-unuri militari kollha. TOWER ·- - L-Armata Franciza tai-Lvant salpat lejn 1-Ehittu ·-- <eJ -_ bejn it-18 u d-19 ta' Gunju 1798. Bonaparte halla ~or~ ··~ gwarnihhun Frantiz taht ii-General Vaubois waqt ~r\ - li hu u 1-bqija bahhru ghal Lixandra. OITCHOFBATTERY DITCH ' Skont Bosredon de Ransijat, President tai­ Kummissjoni tai-Gvern <ivili, il-qawwa tat-truppa Fl-1761, hew mizjuda numru ta' entrenchments FraACiza kienet ta' 3,650 suldat imqassmin f'erba' hdejn ii-Batterija tai-Mahsel, madwar it-Torri ta' divizjonijiet. Ma' dawn hew mizjuda 1-ekwipahhi Xrobb 1-Ghahin u dak ta' Benghajsa, armat ta' La Diane, Le Guillaume Tell u La Justice. b'ghaxar kanuni. B'kollox, bejn suldati u bahhara il-gwarnihhun kellu sahha ta' madwar 5,1 00. Wiehed mill-ahhar interventi tai-Ordni fiz-zona kienet batterija tal-artillerija li nbniet hdejn it-Torri Fil-5 ta' Settembru 1798 ii-Frantizi attakkaw ir­ ta' Delimara fl-1793. Kemm it-torri kif ukoll il­ rahal ta' Haz-Zabbar, bil-pjan li jdawwru r-rahal, batterija thattew aktar tard mill-lnglizi biex rna u waqt li ma jhallux ghajnuna minn barra, jisirqu jfixklux il-mira tal-kanuni ta' Forti Delimara u 1- kemm 1-ikel isibu. 11-Maltin kienu lesti ghalihom u istess hara fil-kaz tat-Torri u !-Entrenchment ta' meta t-truppi dahlu fir-rahal sabuh kompletament Benghajsa meta nbniet ii-Fortizza ta' Benghajsa. abbandunat. Kif sabu ruhhom fl-isqaqien, ir-rahhala attakkawhom mit-twieqi u s-soqfa tal-bini. L-isforzi taghhom tharbtu anke minhabba li sabu rna' wicchom numru ta' batteriji fiz-zona mfassla mill­ inhinier militari u perit Zejtuni Michele Cachia. L­ attakk ma rnexxiex u 1-Francizi rehghu nqaflu wara s-swar. Din kienet 1-ahhar darba li 1-Francizi ppruvaw jiksru 1-imblokk fuq 1-art. Cachia kien responsabbli ghall-kostruzzjoni ta' diversi batteriji, kemm madwar iz-Zejtun kif ukoll fpartijiet ohra ta' Malta. 11-Batteriji taz-Zejtun kienu parti minn katina ta' batteriji, redoubts u entrenchments mdawrin mal-pozizzjonijiet Frantizi. lnbnew mill-inqas sitt batteriji zghar: Zmien ii-Francizi Batterija Della Croce qrib il-knisja parrokkjali; Meta Napuljun ha f'idejh il-gzejjer fl-1798, il­ 11-Batteriji tai-Caspio kienu zewh batteriji li jinsabu fortifikazzjonijiet mibnija miii-Ordni madwar iz­ vicin ii-Knisja ta' San Klement, armati b'zewh Zejtun ma tantx servew ta' tfixkil ghall-armata kanuni ta' 8-libbra (b'riferenza ghat-toqol tal-balal Frantiza, u 1-Casale kien wiehed minn tal-ewwel taghhom u maghrufin bl-lngliz bhala 8-Pounders).
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