DOCSLIB.ORG

The Domestic Market for Smallscale Chainsaw Milling in Gabon : Present

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Domestic Market for Smallscale Chainsaw Milling in Gabon : Present OCCASIONAL PAPER The domestic market for small- scale chainsaw milling in Gabon Present situation, opportunities and challenges Guillaume Lescuyer Paolo Omar Cerutti Saturnin Ndotit Manguiengha Laurentine Bilogo bi Ndong OCCASIONAL PAPER 65 The domestic market for small-scale chainsaw milling in Gabon Present situation, opportunities and challenges Guillaume Lescuyer CIFOR and Centre de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Paolo Omar Cerutti CIFOR and Australian National University Saturnin Ndotit Manguiengha Institut de Recherche et Écologie Tropicale Laurentine Bilogo bi Ndong Brainforest Occasional Paper 65 © 2011 Center for International Forestry Research All rights reserved ISBN 978-602-8693-53-0 Lescuyer, G., Cerutti, P.O., Manguiengha, S.N. and bi Ndong, L.B. 2011 The domestic market for small-scale chainsaw milling in Gabon: Present situation, opportunities and challenges. Occasional Paper 65. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Translated from: Lescuyer, G., Cerutti, P.O., Manguiengha, S.N. et bi Ndong, L.B. 2011 Le marché domestique du sciage artisanal à Libreville : état des lieux, opportunités et défis. Document Occasionnel 63. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonésie. Cover photo: Guillaume Lescuyer CIFOR Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede Bogor Barat 16115 Indonesia T +62 (251) 8622-622 F +62 (251) 8622-100 E [email protected] www.cifor.cgiar.org This document has been produced with the financial assistance from the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DGIS), the European Union and with technical support from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of IFAD, the European Union or the DGIS. Table of contents Abbreviations v Acknowledgements vi Foreword vii 1 Introduction 1 2 Small-scale chainsaw milling in Gabon: Background 3 3 Survey and analytical methods 7 3.1 Hardware stores and outlets 7 3.2 Transit points 8 3.3 Rural areas 8 4 Results 11 4.1 Timber sales in Libreville 11 4.2 Variability in timber sales 11 4.3 Products, species and prices 11 4.4 Flow of chainsaw timber into Libreville 12 4.5 Small-scale milling operations in rural areas 14 5 Discussion 19 5.1 Ecological impacts 19 5.2 Domestic market for chainsaw milling products 20 5.3 Permits for small-scale chainsaw milling 21 5.4 Economic incentives 21 6 Conclusion 23 7 References 24 List of tables and figures Tables 1 Distinguishing characteristics between domestic and industrial sectors viii 2 Frequency of small-scale chainsaw product deliveries, per site 9 3 Chainsaw millers’ perceptions of problems encountered in their work 15 Figures 1 Average monthly sales for all outlets in the sample 12 2 Proportions of sawnwood transported into Libreville for each entry point 13 3 Estimated volumes of sawnwood entering Libreville each month 14 4 Number of chainsaw millers entering the informal sector each year (across whole sample) 14 5 Main customers for sawnwood products 16 6 Profits and costs of chainsaw timber in the rural areas 16 7 Breakdown of costs for small-scale chainsaw milling operations 17 Abbreviations FLEGT Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade FOB Free on board FSC Forest Stewardship Council GDP Gross domestic product IRET Institut de recherche écologique et tropicale, Gabon PGG Permis de Gré à Gré, a permit for low-volume timber logging PR Processing rate RWE Roundwood equivalent SME Small and medium-sized enterprises SMI Small and medium-sized industries VPA Voluntary Partnership Agreement Acknowledgements his document was prepared with the participants. Several participants, including Eric assistance of many people from IRET Forni and Prosper Obame Ondo, sent written and Brainforest, who collected the field comments that have been incorporated into Tdata and participated in analysing the results, this document. namely, Reine-Patrick Banioguila, Samir Nziengui, Olivier Meye and Christian Mikolo Yobo. During This project was funded by the Dutch Directorate the survey, cooperation with the public forestry General of Development Cooperation (DGIS) services and with a large number of resource through a project titled ‘Illegal logging in people in both the cities and the rural areas Cameroon and Gabon: The international FLEGT allowed the research to progress smoothly. process, national trends and local impact’ and the European Union, with technical support from The early results were presented at a national IFAD and a project titled ‘PRO-Formal: Policy and workshop held in Libreville, Gabon, in March regulatory options to recognise and better integrate 2010, for about 40 representatives from the the domestic timber sector in tropical countries in ministries, civil society and the scientific research the formal economy’. The views expressed in this community. After incorporating many of the document do not, in any way, reflect the official remarks from the workshop, a preliminary position of IFAD, the European Union, DGIS version of this report was sent to the workshop or CIFOR. Foreword ince early 2008, the Center for International Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Forestry Research (CIFOR) has been studying Action Plan of the European Union. This should the domestic timber sector in Cameroon, result, in the short to medium term, in all countries SGabon (Libreville), Republic of Congo (Brazzaville, adopting a traceability system which will guarantee Pointe-Noire), Democratic Republic of Congo the legality of all products from forestry operations, (Kinshasa) and Central African Republic (Bangui), whether sold on the national or international together with partners based in these countries. market. Last, these countries have similar forestry Funding to conduct research at the subregional codes and policies, and the local populations use level was granted mainly by the Netherlands the lands and forest resources in a similar manner, International Cooperation Agency, the European thus giving relevance to comparisons of how Union and the French Development Agency. chainsaw milling operates at the sub-regional level. We decided to conduct parallel research on the What is meant by ‘domestic timber sector’? This domestic timber sector in several countries in the sector is often understood as the opposite of the Congo Basin for several reasons. First, very little industrial sector that fells trees and processes information is available on this sector, which is the timber for export. Although in some cases still largely informal, despite growing demand the boundary between informal and industrial for its products in urban areas. In all the study production becomes blurred—some industrial countries, this sector accounts for a sizeable share scrap is sold on the national market and some of the timber production, sometimes even more timber produced by chainsaw millers is sold on the than the official sector. Second, all 5 countries international market—the two sectors have distinct either have signed or are negotiating a Voluntary characteristics (Table 1). Partnership Agreement (VPA) under the Forest Table 1. Distinguishing characteristics between domestic and industrial sectors Characteristic Domestic Industrial Felling permit No (or very rarely) Yes (concessions, council and community forests, timber recovery, etc.) Felling and processing techniques Chainsaw (sometimes mobile saw) Heavy machinery, often in the for felling and processing in the annual allocated areas (assiettes forest; small number of trees per annuelles de coupe); large number operation of trees per operation; processing plant Sales Lower-quality sawnwood for Logs, sawnwood, veneer, plywood, national market and neighbouring wooden floors, almost exclusively countries for export Taxes and regulations Largely informal Largely formal VIII | Guillaume Lescuyer, Paolo Omar Cerutti, Saturnin Ndotit Manguiengha and Laurentine Bilogo bi Ndong The whole domestic timber sector is marked by in an effort to contribute to finding ways to make it informal practices, from felling trees to selling legal and secure. sawnwood. Although informal methods do not quite respect all the national regulations, they In response to this situation, CIFOR is publishing do not necessarily break the law either. That is (2011) 5 reports describing the domestic timber why we prefer the word ‘informal’ to ‘illegal’. The sector in each of the 5 countries in the survey, activities of most of the chainsaw millers could be plus a final report to compare the functioning covered by a legal felling permit but, for various and challenges of the domestic sawmill sector reasons that we will try to explain, the chainsaw throughout the subregion. We hope that this millers do not ask for such permits and prefer research will contribute to improving forest policies to keep operating in the informal economy. at national and subregional levels by giving this The main purpose of this report, therefore, is to activity, undervalued and all too often criminalised, explain how the domestic timber sector functions the position it deserves. 1 Introduction ith sparsely populated forestland Partnership Agreement (VPA) as part of the Forest covering most of the country, Gabon Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) has the highest forest:population ratio process. Last, a presidential decision taken in Win Africa. Forest resources, therefore, are a pillar November 2009 obliges logging companies to of the country’s long-term national development. process 100% of their wood, effective from 2010. Timber exploitation and trade account for 42% of This decision
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A First Look at Logging in Gabon
    Linking forests & people www.globalforestwatch.org A FIRST LOOK AT LOGGING IN GABON An Initiative of WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE A Global Forest Watch-Gabon Report What Is Global Forest Watch? GFW’s principal role is to provide access to better What is GFW-Gabon? information about development activities in forests Approximately half of the forests that initially cov- and their environmental impact. By reporting on The Global Forest Watch-Gabon chapter con- ered our planet have been cleared, and another 30 development activities and their impact, GFW fills sists of local environmental nongovernmental orga- percent have been fragmented, or degraded, or a vital information gap. By making this information nizations, including: the Amis de la Nature-Culture replaced by secondary forest. Urgent steps must be accessible to everyone (including governments, et Environnement [Friends of Nature-Culture and taken to safeguard the remaining fifth, located industry, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), Environment] (ANCE), the Amis Du Pangolin mostly in the Amazon Basin, Central Africa, forest consumers, and wood consumers), GFW [Friends of the Pangolin] (ADP), Aventures Sans Canada, Southeast Asia, and Russia. As part of promotes both transparency and accountability. We Frontières [Adventures without Borders] (ASF), this effort, the World Resources Institute in 1997 are convinced that better information about forests the Centre d’Activité pour le Développement started Global Forest Watch (GFW). will lead to better decisionmaking about forest Durable et l’Environnement [Activity Center for management and use, which ultimately will result Sustainable Development and the Environment] Global Forest Watch is identifying the threats in forest management regimes that provide a full range (CADDE), the Comité Inter-Associations Jeunesse weighing on the last frontier forests—the world’s of benefits for both present and future generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Central African Republic (C.A.R.) Appears to Have Been Settled Territory of Chad
    Grids & Datums CENTRAL AFRI C AN REPUBLI C by Clifford J. Mugnier, C.P., C.M.S. “The Central African Republic (C.A.R.) appears to have been settled territory of Chad. Two years later the territory of Ubangi-Shari and from at least the 7th century on by overlapping empires, including the the military territory of Chad were merged into a single territory. The Kanem-Bornou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, and Dafour groups based in Lake colony of Ubangi-Shari - Chad was formed in 1906 with Chad under Chad and the Upper Nile. Later, various sultanates claimed present- a regional commander at Fort-Lamy subordinate to Ubangi-Shari. The day C.A.R., using the entire Oubangui region as a slave reservoir, from commissioner general of French Congo was raised to the status of a which slaves were traded north across the Sahara and to West Africa governor generalship in 1908; and by a decree of January 15, 1910, for export by European traders. Population migration in the 18th and the name of French Equatorial Africa was given to a federation of the 19th centuries brought new migrants into the area, including the Zande, three colonies (Gabon, Middle Congo, and Ubangi-Shari - Chad), each Banda, and M’Baka-Mandjia. In 1875 the Egyptian sultan Rabah of which had its own lieutenant governor. In 1914 Chad was detached governed Upper-Oubangui, which included present-day C.A.R.” (U.S. from the colony of Ubangi-Shari and made a separate territory; full Department of State Background Notes, 2012). colonial status was conferred on Chad in 1920.
    [Show full text]
  • Member Country Partnership Strategy Paper 2019-2023 Ii 4.3.3 Development Interventions of Product Champions 36 4.4 Implementing the Partnership Strategy 38 4.4.1
    GABON ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP Member Country Partnership Strategy Paper Jeddah 22331 - 2444 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Tel.: +966 12 636 61400 Fax: +966 12 637 4131 2019-2023 Email: [email protected] © March 2019 Table of Contents Acknowledgements iv Foreword v Executive Summary vi List of Figures, Tables and Boxes viii Acronyms and Abbreviations ix Map of Gabon xi I. Introduction 1 II. Country Context – Country Diagnostics 2 2.1 Macroeconomic Overview 2 2.1.1. Recent Economic Trends 2 2.1.2. Recent Social and Political Developments 3 2.1.3. Economic outlook 3 2.2. Thematic Issues 4 2.2.1. Islamic Finance 4 2.2.2. Youth and Gender 5 2.2.3. Civil Society and NGOs 5 2.2.4. Agriculture 6 2.2.5. Climate Change 6 2.2.6. Regional Cooperation and Integration 8 2.2.7. SDG Profile and Analysis 8 2.2.8. Trade and Private Sector Development 9 2.2.9. Islamic Insurance 10 III. Development Context 11 3.1 Development Challenges and Binding Constraints 11 3.2 National Development Strategy 13 3.3.1. Overview and Pillars of the National Strategy 13 3.3.2. Resource Mobilization and Partnerships in Development Financing – Donors’ Profile 14 IV. IsDB Group Strategy 18 4.1 Objective 18 4.2 Global Value Chain Analysis 19 4.2.1. Overview 19 4.2.2. The Wood Industry Value Chain 20 4.2.3. The Manganese Industry Value Chain 27 4.3 An overview of the Universe of Interventions 32 4.3.1 General Constraints 34 4.3.2 Critical Type of Interventions 35 GABON Member Country Partnership Strategy Paper 2019-2023 ii 4.3.3 Development Interventions of Product Champions 36 4.4 Implementing the Partnership Strategy 38 4.4.1.
    [Show full text]
  • GABON Gb 07:GABON Gb 07 17/04/07 14:48 Page 269
    GABON gb 07:GABON gb 07 17/04/07 14:48 Page 269 Gabon Libreville key figures • Land area, thousands of km 2 268 • Population, thousands (2006) 1 406 • GDP per capita, $ PPP valuation (2006) 7 668 • Life expectancy (2006) 53.6 • Illiteracy rate (2006) … GABON gb 07:GABON gb 07 17/04/07 14:48 Page 270 Gabon GABON gb 07:GABON gb 07 17/04/07 14:48 Page 271 THE 2005 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION WAS a contest sources of income. Moreover, despite the government’s between opposition parties and a “presidential majority” promises that budgetary indiscipline linked to the 2005 coalition of about 40 other parties and groups backing presidential election would not be repeated, President Omar Bongo Ondimba for another seven- parliamentary elections in late 2006 are also expected year term. Bongo was declared by the constitutional to have been accompanied by Gabon should diversify court to have won re-election with about 80 per cent excessive spending. Inflation, its economy and prepare of the votes cast. which fell back in 2005, rose in for the after-oil era pursuing 2006 to 1.9 per cent, mainly institutional reforms to Despite shrinking oil reserves and declining owing to a higher wage bill for improve the investment production, oil was still Gabon’s main natural resource government workers. climate, governance, in 2005, providing more than half its GDP, 80 per and eradicate poverty. cent of export earnings and 63 per cent of tax revenue. Many institutional reforms Without new discoveries, however, the country will were introduced in 2005 affecting business
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Gabon in 1998
    THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF GABON By George J. Coakley The equatorial African nation of Gabon has an area of Anglo American plc in 1999, initiated a feasibility study to 257,670 square kilometers and supported a population of about examine the potential for producing columbium (niobium)-rich 1.2 million in 1998, with a gross domestic product (GDP) per pyrochlore concentrate from the Mabounié carbonatite complex capita of $6,400 based on 1998 purchasing power parity data. near Lambaréné in the west-central portion of the country. The mineral industry was dominated by crude petroleum Columbium is used as a ferrocolumbium alloy in steelmaking. production, which accounted for about 60% of Government The project would have a capital cost of about $50 million and revenues and more than 40% of the GDP. Following petroleum produce 6,000 metric tons per year (t/yr) of ferroniobium and timber, manganese and uranium were the major exports. (ferrocolumbium). The carbonatite contains 360 million metric Total exports of all goods were approximately $2.1 billion, with tons (Mt) of niobium and phosphate ore grading 1.02% petroleum accounting for about 80% and manganese for 5% in niobium oxide and 24% phosphorous pentoxide. The high- 1998. Resources of gold, iron ore and phosphate were known. grade niobium zone contains 41.2 Mt of ore grading 1.9% A new mining code was drawn up by the Government in niobium oxide. By developing the project, Reunion can earn a 1997. The new code is designed to promote new exploration 42% interest in the niobium-rich portion of the carbonatite and to establish rules to protect the environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Twenty-Sixth Session Libreville, Gabon, 4
    RAF/AFCAS/19 – INFO E November 2019 AFRICAN COMMISSION ON AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS Twenty-sixth Session Libreville, Gabon, 4 – 8 November 2019 INFORMATION NOTE 1. Introduction The objective of this General Information is to provide participants at the 26th Session of AFCAS with all the necessary information so as to guide them for their travel and during their stay in Libreville, Gabon. 2. Venue and date The 26th Session of the African Commission on Agricultural Statistics (AFCAS) will be held at the Conference Room No 2 of Hôtel Boulevard – Libreville, Gabon, from 4 to 8 novembre 2019. 3. Registration Registration of participants will take place at the Front Desk of Conference Room No 2 of Hôtel Boulevard – Libreville, Gabon: AFCAS: 4 November 2019, between 08h00 and 09h00 The opening ceremony begins at 09h00. 4. Technical documents for the meetings The technical documents related to the 26th Session will be available from 30 September 2019 onwards at the following Website: http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-events/afcas/afcas26/en/ 5. Organization of the meetings The Government of the Republic of Gabon is committed to provide the required equipment for the holding of this session. You will find the list of hotels where bookings can be made for participants at the Annex 1. Transportation will be provided from the hotel to the venue for the Conference. 6. Delegations All participants are kindly requested to complete the form in Annex 2 and return it to the organizers latest by 11 October 2019. The form contains all the details required for appropriate arrangements to be made to welcome and lodge delegates (Flight numbers and schedule).
    [Show full text]
  • 2Nd Circular 5Th SGA-SEG-UNESCO-IUGS Short
    MINISTERE DE L’EQUIPEMENT, DES INFRASTRUCUTURE ET DES MINES 2nd Circular 5th SGA-SEG-UNESCO-IUGS Short Course on African Metallogeny SEDIMENT HOSTED Mn-Fe-U deposits: from exploration to metal organized by Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits (SGA) in cooperation with Ministry of Mines of Gabon School of Mines and Metallurgy, Moanda University of Science and Technology, de Masuku, Franceville Université Paris Sud, France supported by SEG, UNESCO and IUGS to be held in Moanda, Gabon, 10 – 14th October 2018 School of Mines and Metallurgy, Moanda, Gabon Sediment-hosted ore deposits are widespread all over Africa. Many were formed during the Proterozoic (e.g. Central African Copperbelt, Kalahari Mn-fields…). Gabon’s sedimentary basins are located around Archean magmatic and metamorphic rocks. The Proterozoic Francevillan Basin in the southeastern part of the country hosts one of the world’s famous manganese deposits. Uranium was mined in the same region until 1999. Gabon is the 2nd largest Mn producer in the world after South Africa where Mn is mined from the famous, time-equivalent Kalahari Mn-fields, the world’s largest on-shore Mn- deposits. COMILOG, belonging to ERAMET Group, was founded in 1953. It has been operating the mine in Gabon since 1962 in Moanda, about 50 km from Franceville. Manganese (production of ~4 Mt/year) is exploited from laterites with an average grade of 46 % Mn. The ore is sintered and transported over 600 km by rail to the port of Owendo, close to Libreville, and shipped for steel production to clients in Europe, USA and China.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of African Cities
    Towards Urban Resource Flow Estimates in Data Scarce Environments: The Case of African Cities The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Currie, Paul, et al. "Towards Urban Resource Flow Estimates in Data Scarce Environments: The Case of African Cities." Journal of Environmental Protection 6, 9 (September 2015): 1066-1083 © 2015 Author(s) As Published 10.4236/JEP.2015.69094 Publisher Scientific Research Publishing, Inc, Version Final published version Citable link https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124946 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license Detailed Terms https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Journal of Environmental Protection, 2015, 6, 1066-1083 Published Online September 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jep http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2015.69094 Towards Urban Resource Flow Estimates in Data Scarce Environments: The Case of African Cities Paul Currie1*, Ethan Lay-Sleeper2, John E. Fernández2, Jenny Kim2, Josephine Kaviti Musango3 1School of Public Leadership, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa 2Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA 3School of Public Leadership, and the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies (CRSES), Stellenbosch, South Africa Email: *[email protected] Received 29 July 2015; accepted 20 September 2015; published 23 September 2015 Copyright © 2015 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Data sourcing challenges in African nations have led many African urban infrastructure develop- ments to be implemented with minimal scientific backing to support their success.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Central Africa Backbone (CAB) Project – Gabon Component
    Summary - Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) of the Central Africa Backbone (CAB) Project – Gabon Component October 2019 1 1. Introduction Gabon joined the CAB4 Gabon project in order to expand the geographical coverage and usage of high-bandwidth networks and to reduce the cost of communications services on its territory. In this regard, the Gabonese government has requested support from the African Development Bank (AfDB) in the form of supplementary financing to: (i) build 2185 km of priority fibre cable connections nationwide; and (ii) build a National Datacentre – CSIRT/SOC/PKI platform subdivided into two units, one in Franceville municipality (Haut Ogooué Province) and another in the Nkok Economic Zone (Ntoum municipality, Estuaire Province). To curb the potential negative environmental and social impacts and outcomes of the project while optimizing its positive impacts and outcomes, it became necessary to conduct an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). The objective of the ESIA was to prevent and judiciously manage any negative fallout from project implementation and to ensure compliance with Gabonese legislation and AfDB requirements. This summary presents the key findings from the environmental and social impact assessment document prepared in August 2019. Besides the introduction, it is divided into the following main sections: (i) project description; (ii) key environmental and social impacts, climate change-related risks and mitigation/enhancement measures and complementary initiatives; (iii) environmental and social monitoring programme; (iv) public consultations and dissemination of information; (v) institutional arrangements and capacity-building requirements; (vi) cost estimates; and (vii) implementation schedule and communication of information. 2. Project Description 2.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Suicide Rates and Climatic Temperature
    SocArXiv Preprint: May 25, 2020 Global Suicide Rates and Climatic Temperature Yusuke Arima1* [email protected] Hideki Kikumoto2 [email protected] ABSTRACT Global suicide rates vary by country1, yet the cause of this variability has not yet been explained satisfactorily2,3. In this study, we analyzed averaged suicide rates4 and annual mean temperature in the early 21st century for 183 countries worldwide, and our results suggest that suicide rates vary with climatic temperature. The lowest suicide rates were found for countries with annual mean temperatures of approximately 20 °C. The correlation suicide rate and temperature is much stronger at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. In the countries with higher temperature, high suicide rates appear with its temperature over about 25 °C. We also investigated the variation in suicide rates with climate based on the Köppen–Geiger climate classification5, and found suicide rates to be low in countries in dry zones regardless of annual mean temperature. Moreover, there were distinct trends in the suicide rates in island countries. Considering these complicating factors, a clear relationship between suicide rates and temperature is evident, for both hot and cold climate zones, in our dataset. Finally, low suicide rates are typically found in countries with annual mean temperatures within the established human thermal comfort range. This suggests that climatic temperature may affect suicide rates globally by effecting either hot or cold thermal stress on the human body. KEYWORDS Suicide rate, Climatic temperature, Human thermal comfort, Köppen–Geiger climate classification Affiliation: 1 Department of Architecture, Polytechnic University of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Knowledge Institutions in Africa and Their Development 1960-2020: Gabon
    Knowledge institutions in Africa and their development 1960-2020: Gabon Knowledge Institutions in Africa and their development 1960-2020 Gabon Introduction This report about the development of the knowledge institutions in Gabon was made as part of the preparations for the AfricaKnows! Conference (2 December 2020 – 28 February 2021) in Leiden, and elsewhere, see www.africaknows.eu. Reports like these can never be complete, and there might also be mistakes. Additions and corrections are welcome! Please send those to [email protected] Highlights 1 Gabon’s population increased from 501,000 in 1960, via 950,000 in 1990, to 2.2 million in 2020. 2 Gabon’s literacy rate is 85% (15 years and older, 2018). 3 The so-called education index (used as part of the human development index) improved between 1990 (earlier data not available) and 2018: from 0.473to 0.636 (it can vary between 0 and 1). 4 Regional inequality is consistent and low. Performing best overall is Libreville-Port Gentil. The region with the fastest development is Estuaire (the province where Libreville is located). Performing worst overall is Ogooue Lolo. The slowest developing province is Moyen Ogooue. 5 The Mean Years of Schooling for adults improved between 1990 and 2018, from 4.3 years to 8.3 years. There is high regional inequality until 2010. 6 The Expected Years of Schooling for children improved somewhat: from 11.1 to 12.1 years. There is low regional inequality throughout the period. 7 Gabon has had higher education institutions since the late 1950s. Currently there are about 32 tertiary knowledge institutions in Gabon, 15 public and 17 private ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Djibouti: Z Z Z Z Summary Points Z Z Z Z Renewal Ofdomesticpoliticallegitimacy
    briefing paper page 1 Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn’s Strategic Hub David Styan Africa Programme | April 2013 | AFP BP 2013/01 Summary points zz Change in Djibouti’s economic and strategic options has been driven by four factors: the Ethiopian–Eritrean war of 1998–2000, the impact of Ethiopia’s economic transformation and growth upon trade; shifts in US strategy since 9/11, and the upsurge in piracy along the Gulf of Aden and Somali coasts. zz With the expansion of the US AFRICOM base, the reconfiguration of France’s military presence and the establishment of Japanese and other military facilities, Djibouti has become an international maritime and military laboratory where new forms of cooperation are being developed. zz Djibouti has accelerated plans for regional economic integration. Building on close ties with Ethiopia, existing port upgrades and electricity grid integration will be enhanced by the development of the northern port of Tadjourah. zz These strategic and economic shifts have yet to be matched by internal political reforms, and growth needs to be linked to strategies for job creation and a renewal of domestic political legitimacy. www.chathamhouse.org Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn’s Strategic Hub page 2 Djibouti 0 25 50 km 0 10 20 30 mi Red Sea National capital District capital Ras Doumeira Town, village B Airport, airstrip a b Wadis ERITREA a l- M International boundary a n d District boundary a b Main road Railway Moussa Ali ETHIOPIA OBOCK N11 N11 To Elidar Balho Obock N14 TADJOURA N11 N14 Gulf of Aden Tadjoura N9 Galafi Lac Assal Golfe de Tadjoura N1 N9 N9 Doraleh DJIBOUTI N1 Ghoubbet Arta N9 El Kharab DJIBOUTI N9 N1 DIKHIL N5 N1 N1 ALI SABIEH N5 N5 Abhe Bad N1 (Lac Abhe) Ali Sabieh DJIBOUTI Dikhil N5 To Dire Dawa SOMALIA/ ETHIOPIA SOMALILAND Source: United Nations Department of Field Support, Cartographic Section, Djibouti Map No.
    [Show full text]