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Archibenthal and Littoral Echinoderms of the Chatham Islands

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Archibenthal and Littoral Echinoderms of the Chatham Islands ISSN 2538-1016; 5 NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BULLETIN 139 (2) Biological Results of The Chatham Islands 1954 Expedition PART 2 Archibenthal and Littoral Echinoderms by H. BARRACLOUGH FELL - New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 5 1960 • • - • ·;;t • . , ' .,, . 1/ ...· ., £' -� -.i ., �··:.J . A bea1n trawl from Station 7 in 280 fm including two specimens of the starfish, Perse11hon.aster rieozelanicus Mortensen ( tO/J• left) and a group of echinoids, Paramaretia 111ultitubercitlata Mortensen (bottom left). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT• OF SCIENTIFlC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BULLETIN 139 (2) Biological Results of The Chatham Islands 1954 Expedition PART 2 • Archibenthal and Littoral Echinoderms by H. BARRACLOUGH FELL New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 5 Price 7 /6 1960 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ FOREWORD• • The Chathan1 r slands 1954 Expedition was organised and led by Prof. G. A. Knox of the Zoology Depart1nent of Canterbury University. The expedition was planned to explore the distribution of benthic and pelagic animals between the New Zealand coast and the Chatham Islands over the Chathan1 Rise, and to investigate• • the faunal affinities of the.. Chathams group, which lies in the Sub­ tropical Convergence zone. A substantial grant towards the cost of the expedition was made by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research on the recommendation of the N.Z. Oceanographic Comn1ittee: further financial support was given by Canterbury University, Canterbury Museum, Dominion Museun1 and Canterbury and Sot1th­ land Branche s of the Royal Society of New Zealand. The expedition was carried out from the M.V. Alert under the command of her O'vvner and master, Mr A. J. Black. The s cientific raff was dra\\'TI from the follo,,iog organisation s : Canterbury �[u:eum (R. R. For ter J: CanterbUI)' Gni,rersity• ( G. A. Knox, E. W. Dawson, s J. R. :\facln�·re):-• Dominion t,.,fu eum (R. K. Dell, J. M. Moreland); N.Z. Oceanographic In tirute (D. M.• Garner); Otago University (D. Marshall); Portobello �farine, Biological Station (E. J. Batham); Victoria University of \Vellington (J.C. Yaldwyn). Prof. G. A. Knox has been responsible for organisation of the sorting and allocation of material. Type material from the expedition is deposited at Canter­ bury Museum. Preliminary technical editing of the resulting manuscripts l1as been carried out by Prof. Knox and Dr D. E. Hurley. Mr M. O'Connor (Information Bureau, D.S.I.R.) has been responsible for finalediting. Further results of the expedition will be published in this series as the examina- tions of other animal groups are cornpleted. J. W. BRODIE, Director, N.Z. Oceanographic Institute. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CONTENTS Page ARCHIBENTHAL AND LITTORAL ECHINODERMS OF THE- CHATHAM ISLANDS by H. BARRACLOUGH FELL, Victoria University of Wellington, New • Zealand Abstract 55 Historical 55 Ackno\vled gm en ts 55 Checklist of species 56 Zoogeograpl1ical relationships 57 Bathymetric distribution 57 Systematic Account 59 Asteroidea 59 Family Astropectinidae 59 Family Goniasteridae 61 Family Echinasteridae 61 Family Asterinidae 63 Family Korethrasteridae 63 Family Solasteridae 64 Fan1ily Zorosteridae 65 Farnily Asteriidae -- - 65 Ophiuroidea 67 Family Ophiomyxidae 67 Family Ophiacanthidae 67 Family Ophiolepididae 68 Family Ophiochitonidae 69 Echinoidea 70 Family Cidaridae --- 70 Fan1ily Echinothuriidae 71 Family Ten1nopleuridae 72 Family Echino111etridae - 72 Family Echinobrissidae 72 Family Spatangoidae - 73 Family Brissidae - 73 References 74 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Archibenthal and Littoral Echinoderms of the Chatham Islands By H. BARRACLOUGH FELL, D.Sc., Ph.D. (Edin.) Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Abstract The Chatham Islands echinoderm fauna is now known to comprise 54 species, of which 5 were previously undescribed, 12 were previously unknown from New Zealand, and 31 are new records for the Chatham Islands region. Shallow-water elements show a broad relationship with other faunal sub-regions of New Zealand, from Bay of Plenty to the subantarctic islands. The archibenthal echinoderm fauna cannot be distinguished from that of New Zealand as a whole, and presents striking parallels not only with that of eastern Australia, but also with that of the central Indo-west-Pacific as well as the northern Pacific. It appears no longer feasible to recognise a distinctive Chatham Islands ("Moriorian") echinoderm fauna, since it presents no obvious differences from that of the Cook Strait sub-region in the broad sense. HISTORICAL Mortensen in 1925 listed eight species of a species which n1ight well be expected to occur echinoderms from the Chatham Islands. In 1929 at the Chatham Islands. However, in the following Young added ten further species, making thus a check-list it has seemed preferable to accept total of 18 if we include (as Young himself did Young's identifications at their face value, making not) those already recorded by Mortensen. Young only the consequential generic amendments. A also included "Henricia ornata Perrier"-a name further five species of ophiuroids were recorded which probably indicates Henricia lukinsii (Far­ from the Chatham Rise by Fell (1952). So, by quhar), a similar species. A number of species 1954 when the present expedition was undertaken, were referred by Young to genera which could a total of 23 species of echinoderms had been not in fact comprehend them, since the generic and specific characters are at variance. Thus, the recorded from the Chatham Islands area. diplacanthid species Asterodon miliaris (Gray) In this report 54 species are recorded, whereof was referred to the monacanthid genus Odontaster. 31 have not previously been taken from the It is therefore not certain whether Young had Chatham Islands, and 12 were previously un­ collected Asterodon miliaris, or some monacanthid known from the New Zealand region (including form, such as Odontaster benhami (Mortensen), fivespecies which were undescribed when taken). 55 C6A This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Mr George Knox of the Univer­ scriptions are given here. Careful colour observa­ sity of Canterbury for the opportunity of studying tions on the living specimens were n1ade by Dr the collection of echinoderms made by the Chat­ Elizabeth Batham. The photographic illustrations ham Islands 1954 Expedition. With his kind per­ were n1ade by Mr M. King and Mr A. Eady of mission, brief diagnoses of the new species have Victoria University of Wellington. already been published (Fell, 1958). Fuller de- CHECK-LIST OF SPECIES Forms new to the Chatham Islands fauna are Amphiura norae Benham given in bold-face. Amphiura magellanica Ljungman Amphiura angularis Lyman ASTEROIDEA Amphiura alba Mortensen Astropecten primigenius Mortensen Amphiura heraldica Fell Plutonaster knoxi Fell Amphioplus longirima Fell Persephonastel' neozelanicus Mortensen Ophiura chathamensis Fell Ophiuroglypha irrorata (Lyman) Asterodon miliaris (Gray) Ophioceres huttoni Mediaster sladeni Benham (Farquhar) Hippasteria trojana Fell 0 phiomisidium irene Fell Pentagonaster pulclzellus Gray Ophiomastus stellamaris Fell Asterina regularis Verrill Pectinura niaculata Verrill Pectinura cylindrica Hutton Stegnaster infiatus (Hutton) Pectinura gracilis Echinaster farquhari Benham Mortensen Henricia lukinsii (Farquhar) Ophionereis fasciata Hutton Henricia aucklandiae Mortensen ECHJNOIDEA Peribolaster Iictor Fell Crossaster japonicus (Fisher) Goniocidaris (Aspidocidaris) parasol Fell Zoroaster spinulosus Fisher Ogmocidaris benhami Mortensen Stichaster australis (Verrill) Phormosoma bursarium Agassiz Sclerasterias mollis (Hutton) Pseudechinus albocinctus (Hutton) Allostichaster insignis (Farquhar) Pseudechinus flemingi Fell Allostichaster polyplax (M. & T.) Evechinus chloroticus (Val.) Calvasterias laevigata (Hutton) Apatopygus recens (M.Edw.) Calvasterias suteri ( de Loriol) Spatangus multispinus Mortensen Cosmasterias dyscrita H. L. Clark Paramaretia multituberculata Mortensen Coscinasterias calamaria (Gray) Brissopsis oldhami Alcock OPHIUROIDEA HOLOTHUROIDEA Astrothorax waitei (Benham) Cucumaria brevidentis (Hutton) Ophiomyxa brevirima H. L. Clark Chirodota gigas Dendy Ophiacantha vepratica Lyman Ophiactis profundi novaezelandiae Mortensen CRINOIDEA-none. 56 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL RELATIONSHIPS The fact that more than ha1f of the species of whether the continental slopes of New Zealand echinoderms now known from the Chatham carry a distinctive
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