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Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

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Lepidoptera: Noctuidae 1 Masarykovauniverzita Přírodovědeckáfakulta Ústavbotanikyazoologie Můrovití(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) CHKOŽďárskévrchy,jejichekologieamožný bioindikačnívýznam Diplomová práce 2008 PavelBína VedoucíDP:Prof.RNDr.JaromírVaňhara,CSc. 2 PROHLÁŠENÍ Souhlasímsuloženímtétodiplomové prácevknihovněÚstavubotanikyazoologiePřFMU vBrně,případněvjiné knihovněMU,s jejímveřejným půjčovánímavyužitím provědecké, vzdělávacínebojinéveřejně prospěšnéúčely,a toza předpokladu,že převzaté informace budouřádněcitoványa nebudouvyužíványkomerčně. 14.1.2008 PavelBínav.r. 3 PODĚKOVÁNÍ Za četné rady,ochotu,odborné i lidské zázemí,poskytnutí dat při vypracování diplomové práce a cennou pomoc při determinaci materiálu velmi děkuji prof. RNDr. Zdeňku Laštůvkovi,CSc.(MZLU Brno) a Assoc.prof.Dr.Nilsi Ryrholmovi (Universityof Gävle). Dále děkuji rodičům,zvláště mamce Aleně Bínové,za perfektní servis při obsluze světelného lapače,Ing.LenceBartošové(MZLUBrno),MiladěaJosefuDítětovým,Ing.PavluElederovi (CHKO Žďárské vrchy),PetruJehličkovi,Mgr. Kateřině Kintrové (MU Brno),Bc.Vendule Kočové,Ing.ZdeňkuMrkvicovi (ČHMÚ Hradec Králové),Mgr.PetruMücksteinovi (CHKO Žďárské vrchy),Mgr. Lýdě Navrátilové (MU Brno),Mgr. Karle Petřivalské (MU Brno),Ing. Josefu Sádovskému (MS Svratouch) a Göranu Sjöbergovi. Zvláštní dík patří osazenstvu Bažinyza energii,Ing.JanuŠumpichovi (AV ČR České Budějovice) za bezplatné zapůjčení světelného lapače, pomoc s jeho instalací, za četné rady a ochotu a prof. RNDr. Jaromíru Vaňharovi, CSc. (MU Brno) za veškeré připomínky a pomoc při vypracování diplomové práce,materiální a finanční zabezpečení spojené svenkovními pracemi a jehodlouhodobou podporu. 4 ABSTRAKT V oblasti Žďárských vrchů na Českomoravské vrchovině byly v shrnutypoznatky o čeledi můrovitých(Noctuidae) a proveden dvouletý synekologický průzkum tří lokalit.Během něj bylypomocí světelného lapače na Stupníkua odchytem na plátnona Pihovinácha Žákově hoře sledoványstrukturální znaky,rozšíření,potravní a stanovištní nároky,sezónní dynamika, vliv meteorologických a klimatických faktorů, definovány charakteristické druhy společenstev danýchlokalit,posouzenbioindikační význam a antropický tlak.Byl vytvořen seznam zjištěnýchdruhů Žďárskýchvrchů,celkem bylozjištěno247druhůna 34lokalitách. Vrámci strukturálních znakůbylozjištěno 144(Stupník),91 (Pihoviny) a 98(Žákova hora) druhůze7889,1173a1650jedinců;nejvícesevyskytovalydruhyrecedentníasubrecedentní. Vrámci zoogeografickéhorozšíření bylynejvíce zastoupenydruhyeurosibiřské, holarktické a západopalearktické. Z hlediska potravní specializace bylo registrováno nejvíce druhů polyfágních, žijících na bylinách a preferujících dvouděložné rostliny. Zhlediska stanovištních nároků měly nejvyšší zastoupení druhy listnatého lesa, suchých bezlesých biotopů, bažin, luční druhy a nevyhraněné druhy (ubikvisté); druhy ostatních stanovišť se vyskytovaly méně.Kolem 80–90% druhůvytvářelojednugeneraci; ztěchtodruhů se nejvíce vyskytovalo vrámci vernálního,aestiválníhoa serotinálního fenologickéhoaspektu.Vrámci korelační analýzy,zkoumající na dvoulokalitáchzávislost abundancí devíti vybranýchdruhů na teplotě,byla zjištěna pozitivní závislost osmi druhůna lokalitě Stupníka šesti druhůna lokalitě Kameničky, ztoho s vysokou průkazností u šesti druhů na Stupníku a u tří v Kameničkách.Při monitorování aktivityjedincůběhem odchytubyla zjištěna nejvyšší aktivita vprvních dvou hodinách odchytu. Charakteristické druhy pro lokality Stupník a Pihoviny byly druhy bažin, rašelinišť, okrajů rašelinných luk, jehličnatého lesa a luční druhy, pro lokalituŽákova hora druhylistnatého,smíšenéhoa jehličnatéholesa,okrajůrašelinnýchluka luční druhy. Výsledky ukazují na přirozený, případně polopřirozený charakter stanovišť smírným antropogenním ovlivněním lokalityStupníka relativně vysokouzachovalostí lokalit Pihovinya Žákovahora. 5 ABSTRACT The findings of a tWo-year synecological research on the noctuid moths (Noctuidae) conductedat three localities inŽďárské vrchyhills inthe BohemianMoravianHighlandWere summed up. During the research, structural characters, distributions, food and habitat demands,seasonal dynamics,andthe effects of Weather and climatic factors Were monitored usinga light trap at the Stupníksite andbymeans of trappingintolinenat the Pihovinyand Žákova hora sites; groups of characteristic species inthe particularlocalities Were defined,the bioindicatingimportance andanthropogene impact Were assessed.A list of the species found inŽďárské vrchyhills Was produced; a total of 247species Were foundat 34sites.Withinthe structural features,144(Stupník),91 (Pihoviny) a 98(Žákova hora) species Were foundinthe amount of 7,889, 1,173, and 1,650 individuals, respectively; Simpson index and Shannon index,andequitabilityWere calculated.The most representedWere recedent andsubrecedent species. As for zoogeographical distribution, eurosiberian, holarctic and Westpalearctic species prevailed; from the vieWpoint of food specialization,polyphagous species confined Withherbs andpreferringdicotyledons Were mostlyfound.As for the preferred habitat,the most representedWere species of deciduous forest,species of the dry Woodless habitats,the moorlands, meadow species and ubiquists; species of other habitats We found less. Approximately80–90% species formedone generation,the most representedWere species found Within the vernal, aestival, and serotinal aspect. Within the correlation analysis evaluatingthe abundance dependence of nine selectedspecies ontemperature at tWosites,a positive correlationWas foundineight species at the Stupník site andthree at the Kameničky site, of Which six Were With high significance at Stupník and three at Kameničky. While monitoringthe activityof individuals duringtrapping,the highest activityWas foundinthe first tWo hours of trapping. Species characteristic of the Stupník and Pihoviny sites Were species of the moorlands, peat bogs, peat biotops, coniferous Wood and meadow species; species characteristic of the Žákova hora site Were species of broadleaf, mixed and coniferous Woods,peat biotops andmeadoW species. The results are indicative of a natural or seminatural character of the studiedcommunities Witha moderate intensityof anthropogene influences of the Stupníklocalityanda relativelyhighstate of preservationof the Pihoviny andŽákova horalocalities. 6 OBSAH 1. ÚVOD ....................................................................................................................................8 2.MATERIÁLAMETODIKA .............................................................................................10 2.1Charakteristikastudovanéhoúzemí ...........................................................................10 2.1.1CHKOŽďárskévrchy.................................................................................................10 2.1.2Stupník........................................................................................................................11 2.1.3Pihoviny......................................................................................................................12 2.1.4Žákovahora.................................................................................................................13 2.2Materiálametodikasběrudat ....................................................................................14 2.3Analýzadat ...................................................................................................................16 3.VÝSLEDKY ........................................................................................................................18 3.1Přehled zjištěnýchdruhů Žďárskýchvrchů .............................................................18 3.2Základníkvantitativníastrukturálníznakysledovanétaxonocenózy ...................19 3.2.1Přehledzjištěnýchdruhů.............................................................................................19 3.2.2Druhová bohatost aabundance...................................................................................31 3.2.3Diverzita.....................................................................................................................34 3.2.4Dominance..................................................................................................................34 3.3Charakteristikarozšířenídruhůajejichzoogeografie ............................................39 3.4Analýzaekologickéhovýznamu jednotlivýchdruhůaposouzenístanovištních nároků ..........................................................................................................................41 3.4.1Ekologickývýznama potravnínároky........................................................................41 3.4.2Stanovištnínároky.......................................................................................................44 3.5 Sezónní dynamika modelových druhů a posouzení vlivu meteorologických a klimatickýchfaktorů ..................................................................................................46 3.5.1Počet generacíafenologie..........................................................................................46 3.5.2Sezónnídynamikaanočníaktivita.............................................................................48 3.5.3Meteorologickéa klimatickéfaktory..........................................................................59 3.6Charakteristickáspolečenstvamůrovitýchstudovanýchlokalit .............................60 3.7 Posouzení antropického tlaku a možný bioindikační význam společenstev charakteristickýchlokalit ...........................................................................................62
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