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Toward a Mine-Free World Executive Summary

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Toward a Mine-Free World Executive Summary Landmine Monitor Report 2004: Toward a Mine-Free World Executive Summary Landmine Monitor Core Group Human Rights Watch Handicap International Kenya Coalition Against Landmines Mines Action Canada Norwegian People’s Aid Copyright © October 2004 by Human Rights Watch Landmine Monitor Report 2004—Executive Summary Embargoed until 18 November 2004 2 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America This report was printed on recycled paper using vegetable based ink. ISBN: 1-56432-327-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2004112567 Cover photograph © Fred Clarke, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), August 2002 Cover design by Rafael Jiménez For a copy of Landmine Monitor Report 2004, please contact: International Campaign to Ban Landmines www.icbl.org/lm Email: [email protected] Human Rights Watch 1630 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20009, USA Tel: +1 (202) 612-4321, Fax: +1 (202) 612-4333, Email: [email protected] www.hrw.org Handicap International rue de Spa 67, B-1000 Brussels, BELGIUM Tel: +32 (2) 286-50-59, Fax: +32 (2) 230-60-30, Email: [email protected] www.handicap-international.be Kenya Coalition Against Landmines PO Box 57217, 00200 Nairobi, KENYA Tel: +254 (20) 573-099 /572-388, Fax: + 254 (20) 573-099 Email: [email protected] www.k-cal.org Mines Action Canada 1 Nicolas Street, Suite 1502, Ottawa, Ont K1N 7B7, CANADA Tel: +1 (613) 241-3777, Fax: +1 (613) 244-3410, Email: [email protected] www.minesactioncanada.org Norwegian People’s Aid PO Box 8844, Youngstorget NO-0028, Oslo, NORWAY Tel: +47 (22) 03-77-00, Fax: +47 (22) 20-08-70, Email: [email protected] www.npaid.org TABLE OF CONTENTS About Landmine Monitor .............................................................................................................................1 Major Findings 1999-2004 ...........................................................................................................................4 Banning Antipersonnel Mines ....................................................................................................................10 Universalization .............................................................................................................................10 Implementation – The Intersessional Work Program ....................................................................12 Convention on Conventional Weapons..........................................................................................13 Global Use of Antipersonnel Mines...............................................................................................14 Global Production of Antipersonnel Mines ...................................................................................19 Global Trade in Antipersonnel Mines............................................................................................20 Global Stockpiles of Antipersonnel Mines and their Destruction .................................................21 Fulfilling Obligations under Article 4 of the Mine Ban Treaty .....................................................23 Mines Retained for Training and Research....................................................................................24 Transparency Reporting.................................................................................................................25 National Implementation Measures ...............................................................................................26 Special Issues of Concern ..............................................................................................................27 Humanitarian Mine Action .........................................................................................................................36 Landmine Problem.........................................................................................................................36 Identification of Mined Areas........................................................................................................38 Mine Clearance ..............................................................................................................................40 Mine Clearance Deadlines (Article 5) ...........................................................................................43 Case Studies...................................................................................................................................45 Coordination and Planning ............................................................................................................47 International Developments...........................................................................................................48 Research and Development............................................................................................................50 Mine Risk Education......................................................................................................................51 Landmine Casualties and Survivor Assistance ...........................................................................................58 New Casualties in 2003-2004 ........................................................................................................59 Scale of the Problem ......................................................................................................................61 Casualty Data Collection ...............................................................................................................62 Addressing the Needs of Survivors................................................................................................66 Capacities of Affected States to Provide Assistance .....................................................................67 Challenges in Providing Assistance...............................................................................................76 International Developments...........................................................................................................78 Mine Action Funding..................................................................................................................................81 Mine Action Donors ......................................................................................................................81 States and Victim Assistance.........................................................................................................92 Major Mine Action Recipients.......................................................................................................95 Mine Ban Treaty States Parties, Signatories, and Non-Signatories ..........................................................101 Key Developments Since 1999.................................................................................................................107 States Parties................................................................................................................................107 Signatories ...................................................................................................................................141 Landmine Monitor Report 2004—Executive Summary Embargoed until 18 November 2004 4 Non-Signitories............................................................................................................................142 Other ............................................................................................................................................152 Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction .............................................................................................................155 Notes .....................................................................................................................................................170 Landmine Monitor Report 2004—Executive Summary Embargoed until 18 November 2004 1 ABOUT LANDMINE MONITOR This is the sixth Landmine Monitor report, the annual product of an unprecedented initiative by the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) to monitor and report on implementation of and compliance with the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty, and more generally, to assess the international community’s response to the humanitarian crisis caused by landmines. For the first time in history, non-governmental organizations have come together in a coordinated, systematic and sustained way to monitor a humanitarian law or disarmament treaty, and to regularly document progress and problems, thereby successfully putting into practice the concept of civil society-based verification. Five previous annual reports have been released since 1999, each presented to the annual meetings of States Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty: in May 1999 in Maputo, Mozambique; in September 2000 in Geneva, Switzerland; in September 2001 in Managua, Nicaragua; in September 2002 in Geneva; and in Bangkok, Thailand in September 2003. The Landmine Monitor system features a global reporting network and an annual report. A network of 110 Landmine Monitor researchers from 93 countries gathered information to prepare this report. The researchers come from the ICBL’s campaigning coalition and also from other elements of civil society, including journalists, academics and research institutions. Landmine Monitor is not a technical verification system or a formal inspection regime. It is
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