Zootaxa,A New Species of Phyllochaetopterus (Chaetopteridae: Annelida) from Near

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Zootaxa,A New Species of Phyllochaetopterus (Chaetopteridae: Annelida) from Near

Zootaxa 1621: 55–64 (2007) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new species of Phyllochaetopterus (Chaetopteridae: Annelida) from near hydrothermal vents in the Lau Basin, western Pacific Ocean EIJIROH NISHI and GREG W. ROUSE (EN) Manazuru Marine Laboratory, Yokohama National University, Iwa, Manazuru, Kanagawa 259-0202, Japan; e-mail: [email protected]; (GWR) Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, U.S.A. Abstract Phyllochaetopterus lauensis n. sp., a new species of Chaetopteridae, is described from material collected by the DSV Jason II from the vicinity of hydrothermal vents in the Lau Basin, western Pacific Ocean. The new species is character- ized by the coloration and patterning of the ventral shield of the anterior region (region A), the presence of one large cutting chaeta on each parapodium of the fourth chaetiger (A4), the shape of these A4 cutting chaetae (with a pear-shaped head), and presence of two middle-region (region B) chaetigers with foliose notopodia. The new species is very similar to some Spiochaetopterus species, but belongs in Phyllochaetopterus based on its possession of a pair of anterior ‘antennae’, which are in fact cirri of chaetiger one with internal chaetae. The new species is compared to other Phyllocha- etopterus species, particularly from the Pacific, and we provide a table for all species currently referred to the genus. Key words: polychaete, taxonomy, deep sea Introduction Chaetopteridae is a small annelid taxon with about 65 nominal species placed in Chaetopterus Cuvier, 1830, Mesochaetopterus Potts, 1914, Phyllochaetopterus Grube, 1863 and Spiochaetopterus Sars, 1853. All are tubicolous and commonly occur on mud and sandy mud bottoms from the intertidal to shallow shelf waters; they are less well known from deep water. Phyllochaetopterus currently contains nineteen accepted species and membership in the genus is based on the possession of a pair of dorsal structures on chaetiger 1 are usu- ally referred to as ‘antennae’ or ‘tentacular cirri’. It would appear that these structures are notopodial, since they contain internal chaetae (Bhaud et al. 1994). Phyllochaetopterus has not previously been reported from deep-sea localities, though some records should be re-examined (e.g., Levin et al. 1991). Six species of Phyl- lochaetopterus have been reported from Pacific waters (Okuda 1935; Gibbs 1971, 1972; Nishi & Arai 1996): P. brevitentaculata Hartmann-Schröder, 1965 (Cook Islands); P. claparedii McIntosh, 1885 (Japan); P. verrilli Treadwell, 1943 (Okinawa, Hawaii and Cook Islands); P. e li o ti Crossland, 1903 (Solomon Islands and Cook Islands); P. s oc ia l is Claparède, 1868 (Solomon Islands) and P. h e rd m a ni Willey, 1905 (Solomon Islands and Japan). The present paper describes a new species of Phyllochaetopterus from the vicinity of hydrothermal vents in the Lau back-arc basin, western Pacific Ocean. It is the 20th species of Phyllochaetopterus described to date and the first to be recorded from near hydrothermal vents. It is, however, the third species of the family to be located near chemotrophic biological communities, following records of P. socialis (Abbiati et al. 1994) from a sulphurous cave in the Mediterranean and the description of Spiochaetopterus sagamiensis Nishi, Miura & Bhaud, 1999 from a cold methane seep off Japan (Nishi et al. 1999). Accepted by P. Hutchings: 26 Sept. 2007; published: 23 Oct. 2007 55.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Annelida, Polychaeta, Chaetopteridae), with Re- Chaetopteridae), with Re-Description of M
2 We would like to thank the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, The Linnean Society of London and Blackwell Publishing for accepting our manuscript entitled “Description of a Description of a new species of Mesochaetopterus (Annelida, Polychaeta, new species of Mesochaetopterus (Annelida, Polychaeta, Chaetopteridae), with re- Chaetopteridae), with re-description of M. xerecus and an approach to the description of M. xerecus and an approach to the phylogeny of the family”, which has phylogeny of the family been published in the Journal issue Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 2008, 152: 201–225. D. MARTIN1,* J. GIL1, J. CARRERAS-CARBONELL1 and M. BHAUD2 By posting this version of the manuscript (i.e. pre-printed), we agree not to sell or reproduce the Article or any part of it for commercial purposes (i.e. for monetary gain on your own 1Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC), Carrer d’accés a la Cala Sant Francesc 14, account or on that of a third party, or for indirect financial gain by a commercial entity), and 17300 Blanes (Girona), Catalunya (Spain). we expect the same from the users. 2 Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Université P. et M. Curie - CNRS, BP 44, 66650 As soon as possible, we will add a link to the published version of the Article at the editors Banyuls-sur-Mer, Cedex, France. web site. * Correspondence author: Daniel Martin. Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC), Carrer Daniel Martin, Joao Gil, Michel Bhaud & Josep Carreras-Carbonell d’accés a la Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Catalunya (Spain). Tel. +34972336101; Fax: +34 972337806; E-mail: [email protected].
[Show full text]
Polychaete Worms Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera
THE POLYCHAETE WORMS DEFINITIONS AND KEYS TO THE ORDERS, FAMILIES AND GENERA THE POLYCHAETE WORMS Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera By Kristian Fauchald NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY In Conjunction With THE ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Science Series 28 February 3, 1977 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix INTRODUCTION 1 CHARACTERS USED TO DEFINE HIGHER TAXA 2 CLASSIFICATION OF POLYCHAETES 7 ORDERS OF POLYCHAETES 9 KEY TO FAMILIES 9 ORDER ORBINIIDA 14 ORDER CTENODRILIDA 19 ORDER PSAMMODRILIDA 20 ORDER COSSURIDA 21 ORDER SPIONIDA 21 ORDER CAPITELLIDA 31 ORDER OPHELIIDA 41 ORDER PHYLLODOCIDA 45 ORDER AMPHINOMIDA 100 ORDER SPINTHERIDA 103 ORDER EUNICIDA 104 ORDER STERNASPIDA 114 ORDER OWENIIDA 114 ORDER FLABELLIGERIDA 115 ORDER FAUVELIOPSIDA 117 ORDER TEREBELLIDA 118 ORDER SABELLIDA 135 FIVE "ARCHIANNELIDAN" FAMILIES 152 GLOSSARY 156 LITERATURE CITED 161 INDEX 180 Preface THE STUDY of polychaetes used to be a leisurely I apologize to my fellow polychaete workers for occupation, practised calmly and slowly, and introducing a complex superstructure in a group which the presence of these worms hardly ever pene- so far has been remarkably innocent of such frills. A trated the consciousness of any but the small group great number of very sound partial schemes have been of invertebrate zoologists and phylogenetlcists inter- suggested from time to time. These have been only ested in annulated creatures. This is hardly the case partially considered. The discussion is complex enough any longer. without the inclusion of speculations as to how each Studies of marine benthos have demonstrated that author would have completed his or her scheme, pro- these animals may be wholly dominant both in num- vided that he or she had had the evidence and inclina- bers of species and in numbers of specimens.
[Show full text]
Drilonereis Pictorial
KEY TOTHE CHAETOPTERIDAE OF POINT LOMA by Dean Pasko/Ron Velarde 12/93 1. Ventrum without color pattern; setiger 4 with several major spines 2 Ventrum with a combination of brown and chalky white color pattern (Fig. 2); setiger 4 with one major spine 3 2. Palps short, generally not reaching beyond setiger 6; peristomium reduced dorsally and ventrally into a thin "lip"; notopodia dorsally produced, long and tapered (Fig. 1) Chaetopterus variopedatus Palps long, generally reaching to mid-body region; peristomium broad, well developed with dorso lateral incision forming a mid-dorsal protuberance; notopodia not long and tapered (Fig. 2) Mesochaetopterus sp. 3. Ventrum with dark brown band on setigers 6 & 7; setigers 7-11 chalky white; prominent peristomial flaps present; prostomium without antennae; eyes present (Fig. 3) Spiochaetopterus costarum Ventrum with light brown band beginning on setiger 5; setigers 6-9 (occasionally 6-11) chalky white; antennae present; eyes present or absent (Figs. 4 & 5) 3 4. Eyes present; setiger 5 light brown and setigers 6-9 (occasionally 6-11) chalky white (Fig. 4).. Phyllochaetopterus prolifica Eyes absent; setigers 5 & 6 light brown and setigers 6-8 chalky white (Fig. 5) Phyllochaetopterus limicolus notopodia] lobes peristomium setiger* Fig. 1. Chaetopterus variopedatus: anterior end, dorsal view. peristomium protuberance _ ol peristomium Fig. 4. Phyllochaetopterus prolifica: A. anterior end, dorsal view; B. anterior end, ventral view. Fig. 2. Mesochaetopterus sp.: anterior end, dorsal view. Fig. 5. Phyllochaetoptenis limicolus: A. anterior end, Fig. 3. Spiochaetopterus costarum: A. anterior end, lateral view; B. anterior end, ventral view. lateral view; B. anterior end, ventral view.
[Show full text]
Annelida, Chaetopteridae) from Hong Kong, with Comments on the Phylogeny of the Family
Zootaxa 3974 (4): 495–506 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3974.4.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2CBE8AE3-EE5B-4EE3-AE98-94BC534B58CA A new species of Mesochaetopterus (Annelida, Chaetopteridae) from Hong Kong, with comments on the phylogeny of the family YANJIE ZHANG1, GREG W. ROUSE2 & JIAN-WEN QIU1,3 1Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China 2Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, U.S.A. 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We described a new species, Mesochaetopterus tingkokensis, based on 14 specimens collected from an intertidal area in Hong Kong. This species is large (body length of complete specimens 17.9–24.1 cm), with 9, 2 and 36–41 chaetigers in region A, B and C, respectively. It belongs to a small group of Mesochaetopterus species with an expanded wing-shaped notopodia in chaetiger B2. The new species can be distinguished from other Mesochaetopterus species in this group by having a pair of palps with two longitudinal stripes formed by suture-like discontinuous orange bands, more teeth in the uncini of region B and C neuropodia, and presence of a bundle of simple chaetae in region C notopodia. Comparison with other chaetopterids based on partial cytochrome oxidase I (COI), 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the place- ment of M. tingkokensis n. sp.within Mesochaetopterus and its distinction from other members of this genus with the available DNA sequences.
[Show full text]
Program & Abstracts
IPC13 Program & Abstracts 1 Table of Contents Section Pages Welcome 2 Major Sponsors 3 Meeting Code of Conduct 4 Meeting Venue 5 Restaurants 6 Getting to and from Downtown Long Beach 7-8 Presentation Information 9 Overview of the Schedule 10 Detailed Schedule of Events 11-15 List of Poster Presentations 16-22 Abstracts: Oral Presentations 23-37 Abstracts: Poster Presentations 38-58 List of IPC13 Participants 59-64 Notes 65-67 Colleagues Recently Lost 68 2 Welcome from IPC13 Organizing Committee Greetings Polychaete Colleagues, On behalf of the Organizing Committee, welcome to sunny Southern California, the RMS Queen Mary, and the 13th International Polychaete Conference! We hope that your travel to Long Beach was pleasant and that you are ready for five days of enlightening programs and time spent with friends and colleagues. In 1989, IPC3 took place in Long Beach, organized by Dr. Donald Reish. In 2015, Don approached us to ask if it might be possible to bring IPC13 back to Long Beach, thirty years later. We agreed to work towards that goal, and in 2016 the attendees of IPC12 in Wales selected Long Beach as the venue for the next meeting. Unfortunately, Don did not live to see his dream become a reality, but his passion for all facets of polychaete biology is represented in this conference through the broad diversity of presentations that are offered. We know that he would be very pleased and honored by your participation in this meeting. The conference would not have been possible without your support and participation. In addition, we would like to express sincere thanks to those organizations that have supported the conference, either financially or by other critical means.
[Show full text]
Evolution of Mitochondrial Gene Order in Annelida Q ⇑ Anne Weigert A,B, , Anja Golombek C, Michael Gerth A, Francine Schwarz A, Torsten H
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94 (2016) 196–206 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Evolution of mitochondrial gene order in Annelida q ⇑ Anne Weigert a,b, , Anja Golombek c, Michael Gerth a, Francine Schwarz a, Torsten H. Struck c,1, Christoph Bleidorn a,d,1 a Molecular Evolution and Animal Systematics, University of Leipzig, Talstr. 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany b Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany c Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany d German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany article info abstract Article history: Annelida is a highly diverse animal group with over 21,000 described species. As part of Lophotrochozoa, Received 22 January 2015 the vast majority of annelids are currently classiﬁed into two groups: Errantia and Sedentaria, together Revised 30 July 2015 forming Pleistoannelida. Besides these taxa, Sipuncula, Amphinomidae, Chaetopteridae, Oweniidae and Accepted 5 August 2015 Magelonidae can be found branching at the base of the tree. Comparisons of mitochondrial genomes have Available online 20 August 2015 been used to investigate phylogenetic relationship within animal taxa. Complete annelid mitochondrial genomes are available for some Sedentaria and Errantia and in most cases exhibit a highly conserved Keywords: gene order. Only two complete genomes have been published from the basal branching lineages and Annelida these are restricted to Sipuncula. We describe the ﬁrst complete mitochondrial genome sequences for Gene order Mitochondrial genomes all other basal branching annelid families: Owenia fusiformis (Oweniidae), Magelona mirabilis Next Generation Sequencing (Magelonidae), Eurythoe complanata (Amphinomidae), Chaetopterus variopedatus and Phyllochaetopterus sp.
[Show full text]
Title Chaetopterid Polychaetes from Okinawa Island, Japan, with Notes
Chaetopterid Polychaetes from Okinawa Island, Japan, with Title Notes on the Feeding Behaviour of Spiochaetopterus costarum costarum Author(s) Nishi, Eijiroh; Nishi, Eijiroh; Arai, Yasushi PUBLICATIONS OF THE SETO MARINE BIOLOGICAL Citation LABORATORY (1996), 37(1-2): 51-61 Issue Date 1996-02-29 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/176255 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Pub!. Seto Mar. Bioi. Lab., 37(1/2) : 51-61, 1996 51 Chaetopterid Polychaetes from Okinawa Island, Japan, with Notes on the Feeding Behaviour of Spiochaetopterus costarum costarum EIJIROH NISHI') Amakusa Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyushu University, Tomioka, Reihoku, Amakusa, Kumamoto 863-25, Japan and YASUSHI ARAI Keimei-gakuen, Haijima-cho 5-11-15, Akishimashi, Tokyo 196, Japan Abstract Occurrence of four chaetopterid polychaetes, namely Phyllochaetopterus herdmani Willey, P. verrilli Treadwell, Mesochaetopterus sagittarius (Claparede), and Spiochaetopterus costarum costarum (Claparede), are reported from the sandy bottom of Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan. Setal morphology and several body characters are described based on the scanning electron microscopical observations. Among them, Phyllochaetopterus herdmani, P. verrilli and S. costarum costarum are new to Japan. Feeding behavior of S. costarum costarum was studied during the rearing experiments using glass tubes. This species performs mucous-bag feeding by employing foliaceous notopodia and a cupule located at the first setiger of middle body region. Key words : chaetopterid polychaete, Okinawa, taxonomy, mucous bag, feeding behav iour Introduction Chaetopterid polychaetes are known to feed using mucous bags that become loaded with food and are swallowed then replaced with new one (Brown, 1975, 1977). The minute aggregating chaetopterid, Mesochaetopterus sagittarius, is well known in Japanese waters, and other 7 chaetopterids, Chaetopterus cautus, C.
[Show full text]
Genome Size Diversity and Patterns Within the Annelida
Genome Size Diversity and Patterns within the Annelida by Alison Christine Forde A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Biology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Alison Christine Forde, January, 2013 ABSTRACT GENOME SIZE DIVERSITY AND PATTERNS WITHIN THE ANNELIDA Alison Christine Forde Advisors: University of Guelph, 2013 Dr. T. Ryan Gregory Dr. Jonathan Newman This thesis concerns genomic variation within the Annelida, for which genome size studies are few and provide data for only a handful of groups. Genome size estimates were generated using Feulgen image analysis densitometry for 35 species of leeches and 61 polychaete species. Relationships were explored utilizing collection location and supplementary biological data from external sources. A novel, inverse correlation between genome size and maximum adult body size was found across all leeches. Leeches that provide parental care had significantly larger genome sizes than leeches that do not. Additionally, specimens identified as Nephelopsis obscura exhibited geographic genome size variation. Within the Polychaeta, Polar region polychaete genomes were significantly larger than those of Atlantic and Pacific polychaetes. These studies represent the first exploration of leech genome sizes, and provide base evidence for numerous future studies to examine relationships between genome size and life history traits across and within different annelid groups. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have been extraordinarily fortunate to have a strong support system during my undergraduate and graduate studies at the University of Guelph. A very sincere thank you goes to my advisor Dr. T. Ryan Gregory for his trust, leadership and guidance over the past few years, and for taking an interest in the lesser-loved leeches.
[Show full text]
A New Species of Mesochaetopterus (Annelida, Chaetopteridae) from Hong Kong, with Comments on the Phylogeny of the Family
Zootaxa 3974 (4): 495–506 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3974.4.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2CBE8AE3-EE5B-4EE3-AE98-94BC534B58CA A new species of Mesochaetopterus (Annelida, Chaetopteridae) from Hong Kong, with comments on the phylogeny of the family YANJIE ZHANG1, GREG W. ROUSE2 & JIAN-WEN QIU1,3 1Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China 2Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, U.S.A. 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We described a new species, Mesochaetopterus tingkokensis, based on 14 specimens collected from an intertidal area in Hong Kong. This species is large (body length of complete specimens 17.9–24.1 cm), with 9, 2 and 36–41 chaetigers in region A, B and C, respectively. It belongs to a small group of Mesochaetopterus species with an expanded wing-shaped notopodia in chaetiger B2. The new species can be distinguished from other Mesochaetopterus species in this group by having a pair of palps with two longitudinal stripes formed by suture-like discontinuous orange bands, more teeth in the uncini of region B and C neuropodia, and presence of a bundle of simple chaetae in region C notopodia. Comparison with other chaetopterids based on partial cytochrome oxidase I (COI), 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the place- ment of M. tingkokensis n. sp.within Mesochaetopterus and its distinction from other members of this genus with the available DNA sequences.
[Show full text]
With Descriptions of Two New Species
Zoological Studies 48(3): 370-379 (2009) Chaetopterid Polychaetes from Taiwan and Okinawa Island (Japan), with Descriptions of Two New Species Eijiroh Nishi1,* and Hwey-Lian Hsieh2 1Manazuru Marine Laboratory, Yokohama National University, Iwa, Manazuru, Kanagawa 259-0202, Japan 2Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan. E-mail:[email protected] (Accepted August 19, 2008) Eijiroh Nishi and Hwey-Lian Hsieh (2009) Chaetopterid polychaetes from Taiwan and Okinawa Island (Japan), with descriptions of two new species. Zoological Studies 48(3): 370-379. Chaetopterid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionida) were studied in shallow-water sandy and muddy areas of Taiwan and Okinawa I., Japan. We found 4 species of the family, Mesochaetopterus japonicus Fujiwara, 1934, M. formosana sp. nov., Phyllochaetopterus verrilli Treadwell, 1943, and P. awasensis sp. nov. The former 3 species were found in Taiwan, and the latter 2 species at Okinawa. Mesochaetopterus formosana sp. nov. is characterized by having 2 middle-region (region B) chaetigers. These middle-region chaetigers are very long resulting in the middle region being 1.5-2 times longer than the anterior region (region A). Region A has 6-8 A4 modified cutting chaetae that have both small and large teeth on the head. Phyllochaetopterus awasensis sp. nov. is characterized by having 13 or 14 region A chaetigers, approximately 20 region B chaetigers, A4 chaetae with small teeth on the edge of the heads, and a tough brown chitinous tube. These are the first records of Mesochaetopterus japonicus and P. verrilli in Taiwanese waters. We compared the species reported here with other Pacific chaetopterids.
[Show full text]
Biodiversity and Biogeography of Polychaetes (Annelida): Globally and in Indonesia
Biodiversity and Biogeography of Polychaetes (Annelida): Globally and in Indonesia Joko Pamungkas A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Science, University of Auckland October 2020 Chapte Abstract This thesis presents a review of the biodiversity of polychaete worms (Annelida) and their distribution across the globe. It also provides an evaluation of polychaete biodiversity studies in Indonesia and a description of a new polychaete species collected from Ambon Island, Province of Maluku, Indonesia. I reviewed polychaete data from the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and found that 11,456 accepted polychaete species (1417 genera, 85 families) have been formally described by 835 first authors since the middle of the 18th century. A further 5200 more polychaete species are predicted to be discovered by the year 2100. The total number of polychaete species in the world by the end of the 21st century is thus anticipated to be about 16,700 species. While the number of both species and authors increased, the average number of polychaete species described per author decreased. This suggested increased difficulty in finding new polychaete species today as most conspicuous species may have been discovered. I analysed polychaete datasets from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), and my recently published checklist of Indonesian polychaete species, and identified 11 major biogeographic regions of polychaetes. They were: (1) North Atlantic & eastern and western parts of the Mediterranean, (2) Australia, (3) Indonesia, (4) New Zealand, (5) the Atlantic coasts of Spain and France, (6) Antarctica and the southern coast of Argentina, (7) Central Mediterranean Sea, (8) the western coast of the USA, (9) the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean, (10) Caribbean Sea and (11) Atlantic Ocean.
[Show full text]
The Green Bodies of the Intestinal Wall of Certain Chaetopteridae. by C
The Green Bodies of the Intestinal Wall of certain Chaetopteridae. By C. Berkeley. With Plate 26. INTRODUCTION. CLAPAREDB (1) seems to have been the first to attribute the colour of the intestinal wall of Chaetopterus variopeda- t u s Eenier to the presence of small spherical green granules in the epithelial cells of the tissue. The distribution of the granules in the cells was subsequently described by Laffuie (2) and by Lankester (3). These three authors considered that they con- sisted of a pigmented cell secretion concerned in one way or another with digestion. Brandes (4), on the other hand, expressed the view that the granules were not to be looked upon as a metabolic product of the worm, but were organisms of an algal nature analogous to those which had previously been described living symbiotically or parasitically in various animals by Brandt (5) and others. He based this view on the general appearance of the granules as figured by Lankester and on the similarity between the absorption spectrum of the green pigment chaetopterin extracted from them and that of chlorophyll. Enders (6), commenting on this difference of view, suggests that, if Brandes is correct, it should be possible to cultivate the green organism outside the worm as I'amintzin (7) and Beijerinck (8) did in the case of Zoochlorella from Hydra viridis. Since that time many instances of algal and animal associa- tions have been recorded, but no conclusive evidence appears to have been brought forward in the case of Chaetopterus. 466 C. BERKELEY The common occurrence of three species of Chaetopteridae, each representing a different genus of the family, in the im- mediate vicinity of the Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., in each of which the intestinal tract is visible through the body- wall of the abdominal region as a well-defined deep green tract, suggested that some information on the nature of the pigmented bodies in the epithelial cells might be obtained by a comparative study.
[Show full text]