Curly Arrow Ba1 &Z.Rlarr
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Unicode Request for Cyrillic Modifier Letters Superscript Modifiers
Unicode request for Cyrillic modifier letters L2/21-107 Kirk Miller, [email protected] 2021 June 07 This is a request for spacing superscript and subscript Cyrillic characters. It has been favorably reviewed by Sebastian Kempgen (University of Bamberg) and others at the Commission for Computer Supported Processing of Medieval Slavonic Manuscripts and Early Printed Books. Cyrillic-based phonetic transcription uses superscript modifier letters in a manner analogous to the IPA. This convention is widespread, found in both academic publication and standard dictionaries. Transcription of pronunciations into Cyrillic is the norm for monolingual dictionaries, and Cyrillic rather than IPA is often found in linguistic descriptions as well, as seen in the illustrations below for Slavic dialectology, Yugur (Yellow Uyghur) and Evenki. The Great Russian Encyclopedia states that Cyrillic notation is more common in Russian studies than is IPA (‘Transkripcija’, Bol’šaja rossijskaja ènciplopedija, Russian Ministry of Culture, 2005–2019). Unicode currently encodes only three modifier Cyrillic letters: U+A69C ⟨ꚜ⟩ and U+A69D ⟨ꚝ⟩, intended for descriptions of Baltic languages in Latin script but ubiquitous for Slavic languages in Cyrillic script, and U+1D78 ⟨ᵸ⟩, used for nasalized vowels, for example in descriptions of Chechen. The requested spacing modifier letters cannot be substituted by the encoded combining diacritics because (a) some authors contrast them, and (b) they themselves need to be able to take combining diacritics, including diacritics that go under the modifier letter, as in ⟨ᶟ̭̈⟩BA . (See next section and e.g. Figure 18. ) In addition, some linguists make a distinction between spacing superscript letters, used for phonetic detail as in the IPA tradition, and spacing subscript letters, used to denote phonological concepts such as archiphonemes. -
+1. Introduction 2. Cyrillic Letter Rumanian Yn
MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM +1. INTRODUCTION These are comments to "Additional Cyrillic Characters In Unicode: A Preliminary Proposal". I'm examining each section of that document, as well as adding some extra notes (marked "+" in titles). Below I use standard Russian Cyrillic characters; please be sure that you have appropriate fonts installed. If everything is OK, the following two lines must look similarly (encoding CP-1251): (sample Cyrillic letters) АабВЕеЗКкМНОопРрСсТуХхЧЬ (Latin letters and digits) Aa6BEe3KkMHOonPpCcTyXx4b 2. CYRILLIC LETTER RUMANIAN YN In the late Cyrillic semi-uncial Rumanian/Moldavian editions, the shape of YN was very similar to inverted PSI, see the following sample from the Ноул Тестамент (New Testament) of 1818, Neamt/Нямец, folio 542 v.: file:///Users/everson/Documents/Eudora%20Folder/Attachments%20Folder/Addons/MAIN.HTM Page 1 of 28 MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM Here you can see YN and PSI in both upper- and lowercase forms. Note that the upper part of YN is not a sharp arrowhead, but something horizontally cut even with kind of serif (in the uppercase form). Thus, the shape of the letter in modern-style fonts (like Times or Arial) may look somewhat similar to Cyrillic "Л"/"л" with the central vertical stem looking like in lowercase "ф" drawn from the middle of upper horizontal line downwards, with regular serif at the bottom (horizontal, not slanted): Compare also with the proposed shape of PSI (Section 36). 3. CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED A file:///Users/everson/Documents/Eudora%20Folder/Attachments%20Folder/Addons/MAIN.HTM Page 2 of 28 MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM I support the idea that "IA" must be separated from "Я". -
An Exploratory Study on Functionally Graded Materials with Applications to Multilayered Pavement Design
An Exploratory Study on Functionally Graded Materials with Applications to Multilayered Pavement Design Ernie Pan, Wael Alkasawneh, and Ewan Chen Prepared in cooperation with The Ohio Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration State Job Number 134256 August 2007 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA/OH-2007/12 4. Title and subtitle 5. Report Date An Exploratory Study on Functionally Graded Materials with August 2007 Applications to Multilayered Pavement Design 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Ernie Pan, Wael Alkasawneh, Ewan Chen 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 11. Contract or Grant No. 134256 Department of Civil Engineering The University of Akron 13. Type of Report and Period Akron, OH 44325-3905 Covered Final Report 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Ohio Department of Transportation 1980 West Broad Street Columbus, OH 43223 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract The response of flexible pavement is largely influenced by the resilient modulus of the pavement profile. Different methods/approaches have been adopted in order to estimate or measure the resilient modulus of each layer assuming an average modulus within the layer. In order to account for the variation in the modulus of elasticity with depth within a layer in elastic pavement analysis, which is due to temperature or moisture variation with depth, the layer should be divided into several sublayers and the modulus should be gradually varied between the layers. A powerful and innovative computer program has been developed for elastic pavement analysis that overcomes the limitations of the existing pavement analysis programs. -
L'*7*(^ {R ' Q.Lrtb Jutl 1 3 1G7g U(Jlt T Z'tg?G D4/44 GIET &
'$lD * , j e,r . .. .,) i,&l ffilh{":, '-*.t.. , "i ;4r,* " COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNlTIES ,t V cou(fg) )o final - Part r \- ! 3ruesele' ja"nuary 19?9 J Jl- ' lt'-'tt r'' 3 ';*'': '"- - UNIVET'::"Iit i ' 'r l'*7*(^ {r ' q.lrtb JUtl 1 3 1g7g u(Jlt t Z'tg?g d4/44 GIET & THI SITI'ATIOI.I OF.THF AGR]CUTTURAtr, MARKETS 1978 REPORT PART I (srrbmitted to the Council by the Conunission) I : ,:l r: t i; .;/tl:ri i:. , ..rt ' :..: t i.i'1: I :Jiiri l{il'.i,. ; :1 . i:r coil(?g) 50 PROPERTY OF HILLMAN LIBRARV 4 lII FLOOR $TACKS coM (78) 5oolr Prcfaqory : $1u, '.,.t' " dlff,crcnt The present docuncnt rcir ,out 1a dctail ibc, rituaqi'os-ori ttt€ agricultural narkcts i"-igl8 ena thcrr outlook,for 1979 aad 1980' by the The 1978 report on the Agricultural Situation, which is-guUlished Europesn Coilruni:i9f in relation to the prUfi""itoo-r OfCi.e'of tf,e oomdniti:{: pTwerflh Generel-i"peit on the i"li"Ltl"g ot ^tuc-[uropean -- .""Iii"", besi,des:o--tU"t data, a shotteaed v&sion of the.Pr€sent' document' 4t4"'='-\'-,.<. "*.t_- t{ Il 'l-,t 'i. --- t a I,i- , i tij . I il {r tI I. I' r:i ,l: il t. t. I i .-2- CONTENTS q +The situation on the agricultural 1978 REPONT Part I Page Table no A. General survey I. Situation on the principal agri- cultural markets 4 II. The market outlook 6 B. Analysis by sector 10 I. -
Technical Reference Manual for the Standardization of Geographical Names United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/87 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names United Nations New York, 2007 The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which Member States of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of material in the present publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The term “country” as used in the text of this publication also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/87 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. -
Historic Mine Opening Closure Methodology, Specifications, and Details – Utah and Colorado Bureau of Land Management Districts
Historic Mine Opening Closure Methodology, Specifications, and Details – Utah and Colorado Bureau of Land Management Districts Prepared for Freeport Minerals Corporation December 2017 9191 South Jamaica Street Englewood, CO 80112 Contents Section Page Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. iv Document Overview ......................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Solid PUF Plug with or without Bat Gate ............................................................................................ 3 3.1 Preparation ......................................................................................................................... 3 3.2 Closure Steps ...................................................................................................................... 3 3.3 Material Specifications and Installation ............................................................................. 7 Wire Rope Netting ............................................................................................................................ 8 4.1 Closure Steps ...................................................................................................................... 8 4.2 Material Specifications ...................................................................................................... -
The Power of Advertising the Billboard Publishing Co
AUSTRALIA Mf MABTIM C. BEEiniAV. 11< Oi»tl«r»»»k itr#*!, Bfiaaf Sydney, May 17-’ —Th* cooler weether U conuna alona and, IIn miny Inetencee, buelneee appears to he improi>Tinit at tbc rarious tbcatera The Power of Advertising and picture houHCS.I. Romp of tbe latter bad not been doina »o. 'well of late. .Talk Mu-^arove. <•roiitln of Harry O. Mtiagrore, nbo recent l.T returned from Soutb Africa* la office of the circuit, which Pear’s for the Bath and Ivory for iiii» al the Sjdney ja aitiiated at the Tlroll Theater. Arranae- Iwd ^1 norant any more the Wash Tub. ments have just lu-en completed by itr. Mua- froTC for direct reprei ■entatlon with the 1. V. who denies the It has put Arrow Collars T. A., I/'odon. fc.and™ -IlarrinKton Miller baa been around your neck and Ingersolls installed In the same biilldlnE as thta oraanisa- tion so that he ran bc Johnny-on-the apot. as around your wrist. it were, He will be Harry O. Miisarove's Advertising has personal replirceentatlTp and no better man could It has filled you full of Shrcd- hare been secured for the lioKition, a* he for made the Victrola Dog famous. tlcd and Flaked Foods, Canned nunr rears o»'euiiip<l a prominent pOKition in the entertainment field of this country and Advertising has made the sig¬ \"cgclal)lcs, Fruits and Meats, retired well and tnil.v flnaneial. nature of Thomas A. Edison an then sold you Bayer’s to rid you (Icne Carr, brother of Alex Carr, arriyed here nnostentatioiisly last week and will try and image stamped on nearly every of headaches. -
ELL101: Intro to Linguistics Week 1 Phonetics &
ELL101: Intro to Linguistics Week 1 Phonetics & IPA Tomonori Nagano <[email protected]> Education and Language Acquisition Dept. LaGuardia Community College August 16, 2017 . Tomonori Nagano <[email protected]> Edu&Lang Acq. Dept., LaGuardia CC 1/41 Fields of linguistics • Week 1-2: Phonetics (physical sound properties) • Week 2-3: Phonology (speech sound rules) • Week 4: Morphology (word parts) • Week 5-6: Syntax (structure) • Week 7-8: Semantics (meaning) • Week 7-8: Pragmatics (conversation & convention) • Week 9: First & Second language acquisition • Week 10-12: Historical linguistics (history of language) • Week 10-12: Socio-linguistics (language in society) • Week 10-12: Neuro-linguistics (the brain and language) • Week 10-12: Computational linguistics (computer and language) • Week 10-12: Evolutional linguistics (how language evolved in human history) . Tomonori Nagano <[email protected]> Edu&Lang Acq. Dept., LaGuardia CC 2/41 Overview Phonetics Phonetics is a study of the characteristics of the speech sound (p.30; Yule (2010)) Branches of phonetics • Articulatory phonetics • how speech sounds are made • Acoustic phonetics • physical properties of speech sounds • Auditory phonetics • how speech sounds are perceived • See some examples of phonetics research: • Speech visualization (acoustic / auditory phonetics) • ”McGurk effect” (auditory phonetics) . Tomonori Nagano <[email protected]> Edu&Lang Acq. Dept., LaGuardia CC 3/41 Acoustic phonetics (example) • The speech wave (spectorogram) of ”[a] (as in above), [ɛ] (as in bed), and [ɪ] (as in bit)” 5000 ) z H ( y c n e u q e r F 0 0 . .0.3799. Time (s) . Tomonori Nagano <[email protected]> Edu&Lang Acq. Dept., LaGuardia CC 4/41 Acoustic phonetics (example) • The speech wave (spectorogram) of ”Was that a good movie you saw?” 5000 ) z H ( y c n e u q e r F 0 0 2.926 Time (s) . -
Meloidogyne Incognita in Sacha Inchi1
e-ISSN 1983-4063 - www.agro.ufg.br/pat - Pesq. Agropec. Trop., Goiânia, v. 50, e60890, 2020 Research Article Trichoderma and Clonostachys as biocontrol agents against Meloidogyne incognita in sacha inchi1 Kadir Márquez-Dávila2, Luis Arévalo-López3, Raúl Gonzáles3, Liliana Vega2, Mario Meza4 ABSTRACT RESUMO Trichoderma e Clonostachys como agentes de biocontrole contra Meloidogyne incognita em sacha inchi One of the main pathological problems for cropping sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is its susceptibility to Um dos principais problemas patológicos para o cultivo root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita). In this study, de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) é sua suscetibilidade ao fungal endophytes were explored in the stems and leaves of nematoide das galhas (Meloidogyne incognita). Nesta pesquisa, seven species of the Plukenetia genus, and also evaluated foram explorados fungos endofíticos em caules e folhas de sete the abilities of isolates of Trichoderma and Clonostachys as espécies do gênero Plukenetia e avaliadas as habilidades de biocontrol agents against damages caused by this nematode isolados de Trichoderma e Clonostachys como potenciais agentes in sacha inchi. In order to evaluate such effects, seedlings de biocontrole contra danos causados por este nematoide em sacha were colonized with these fungal isolates, and then they were inchi. Para avaliar tais efeitos, plântulas foram colonizadas com infested with root-knot nematode eggs. The results showed that estes isolados fúngicos e, em seguida, foram infestadas com ovos the Plukenetia genus is rich in diversity of fungal endophytes. do nematoide das galhas. Os resultados mostram que o gênero Their greatest diversity was found in Plukenetia brachybotria. Plukenetia é rico em diversidade de fungos endofíticos. -
Old Cyrillic in Unicode*
Old Cyrillic in Unicode* Ivan A Derzhanski Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [email protected] The current version of the Unicode Standard acknowledges the existence of a pre- modern version of the Cyrillic script, but its support thereof is limited to assigning code points to several obsolete letters. Meanwhile mediæval Cyrillic manuscripts and some early printed books feature a plethora of letter shapes, ligatures, diacritic and punctuation marks that want proper representation. (In addition, contemporary editions of mediæval texts employ a variety of annotation signs.) As generally with scripts that predate printing, an obvious problem is the abundance of functional, chronological, regional and decorative variant shapes, the precise details of whose distribution are often unknown. The present contents of the block will need to be interpreted with Old Cyrillic in mind, and decisions to be made as to which remaining characters should be implemented via Unicode’s mechanism of variation selection, as ligatures in the typeface, or as code points in the Private space or the standard Cyrillic block. I discuss the initial stage of this work. The Unicode Standard (Unicode 4.0.1) makes a controversial statement: The historical form of the Cyrillic alphabet is treated as a font style variation of modern Cyrillic because the historical forms are relatively close to the modern appearance, and because some of them are still in modern use in languages other than Russian (for example, U+0406 “I” CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I is used in modern Ukrainian and Byelorussian). Some of the letters in this range were used in modern typefaces in Russian and Bulgarian. -
El Hombre De Hierro
El hombre de hierro : los límites sociales y naturales del capital Titulo Bartra, Armando - Autor/a; Autor(es) México Lugar Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, DCSH/UAM-X, Unidad Xochimilco Editorial/Editor Editorial Itaca Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México 2013 Fecha Colección Política; Capitalismo; Pensamiento crítico; Pensamiento latinoamericano; Temas Libro Tipo de documento "http://biblioteca.clacso.org/Mexico/dcsh-uam-x/20201026113803/El-Hombre-Hierro.pdf" URL Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Derivadas CC BY-NC-ND Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.org Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.org =a ]dbWgZ YZ ]^Zggd #,/ )4*(0'/ /,%($)'/ 3 +$01.$)'/ &') %$-(0$) '+ )$ -'./-'%0(2$ &' )$ ".$+ !.(/(/ =a ]dbWgZ YZ ]^Zggd #,/ )4*(0'/ /,%($)'/ 3 +$01.$)'/ &') %$-(0$) '+ )$ -'./-'%0(2$ &' )$ ".$+ !.(/(/ 8JE8F<G 98JLJ8 8gbVcYd 9VgigV 7? ;B@4E7 67 ;<7EEB ?\` YtZVaR` `\PVNYR` f [Nab_NYR` QRY PN]VaNY Hg^bZgV ZY^X^ c& ,**2( KZ\jcYV ZY^X^ c& ,*+-( Mc^kZgh^YVY 8ji cdbV YZ aV ;^jYVY YZ E m^Xd 8kZc^YV <^k^h^ c YZa FdgiZ 3*0 Xdadc^V FVgkVgiZ Hdc^ZciZ& YZaZ\VX^ c 9Zc^id Bj gZo& ;( H( *-*,*& E m^Xd& <(>( <^[jh^ c ;jaijgVa n =miZch^ c Mc^kZgh^iVg^V 8kZc^YV <^k^h^ c YZa FdgiZ 3*0 Xdadc^V FVgkVgiZ Hdc^ZciZ& YZaZ\VX^ c 9Zc^id Bj gZo& ;( H( *-*,*& E m^Xd& <(>( LZa( /+-.32*.& Zmi( +/*,( Mc^kZgh^YVY 8ji cdbV -
The Cyrillic Manuscript Codices of Budapest University Library
polata k)¢∞igopis|¢aq kz— - ki—, 1995: 5–12 THE CYRILLIC MANUSCRIPT CODICES OF BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Ralph M. Cleminson The Library of the University of Budapest (Eötvös Loránd Tudomány- egyetem Könyvtára) possesses nine mediæval cyrillic manuscript codices, numbered Codd. slav. 1, 3-5, 7b, 7c, 9-11. (Cod. slav. 2 is Polish, Cod. slav. 6 is Czech, Cod. slav. 7a is the former shelfmark of the present Cod. slav. 10, and there is no Cod. slav. 8.) Codd. slav 1-5 were described (very badly) in A Budapesti M. Kir. Egyetemi Könyvtár codexeinek czímjegyzéke, Budapest, 1881, pp.100-101, and three of them (Codd. slav. 1, 7c, 9) have so far been noted in the inventory of Slavonic manuscripts in Hungary which is currently being produced (Magyarországi szláv kéziratok, (Foªszerkesztoª Nyomárkay I.), I-, Budapest, 1990-). Apart from this the manuscripts seem to have been largely neglected. The present descriptions, made during a visit to the Library in December 1991, have the object of acquainting the scholarly community with the Library’s holdings. They follow the format and practice described on pp.ix-x of my Union Catalogue of Cyrillic Manuscripts in British and Irish Collections (London, 1988). Cod. slav. 1 APOSTOL, Serbian, 1572 i + 211 leaves, foliated [i], 1-211. Collation: I8-XXVI8, 3 leaves (=XXVII). Gatherings signed front and back a–-kz–. Paper: w/m (i) an anchor, (ii) a coat of arms, both too faint to permit precise identification. Size of leaves: 305mm x 210mm. Ink: brownish-black; red, and occasionally yellow, for titles, initials and rubrics.