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A Guidebook for Evaluating the Indirect Land Use and Growth Impacts of Highway Improvements

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A Guidebook for Evaluating the Indirect Land Use and Growth Impacts of Highway Improvements A GUIDEBOOK FOR EVALUATING THE INDIRECT LAND USE AND GROWTH IMPACTS OF HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS Appendices SPR 327 A GUIDEBOOK FOR EVALUATING THE INDIRECT LAND USE AND GROWTH IMPACTS OF HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS Appendices SPR Project 327 by ECONorthwest Eugene, OR 97401 and Portland State University for Oregon Department of Transportation Research Group 200 Hawthorne SE, Suite B-240 Salem OR 97301-5192 and Federal Highway Administration Washington, D.C. April 2001 Technical Report Documentation Page Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-OR-RD-16A 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date April 2001 A Guidebook For Evaluating the Indirect Land Use and Growth 6. Performing Organization Code Impacts of Highway Improvements: Appendices 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report Terry Moore, ECONorthwest No. Tom Sanchez, Portland State University 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Portland State University ECONorthwest Center for Urban Studies Suite 400 11. Contract or Grant No. College of Urban and Public Affairs 99 W. 10th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97207-0751 Eugene, OR 97401-3001 SPR 327 12.Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Oregon Department of Transportation Research Group and Federal Highway Administration Final Report 200 Hawthorne SE, Suite B-240 Washington, D.C. Salem, Oregon 97301-5192 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract In 1998, the Oregon Department of Transportation undertook a study of the impacts of highway capacity improvements on land uses and growth, particularly at the urban fringe. The objective was to better understand the “cause and effect” relationships among highway capacity, travel demand and development patterns. A variety of factors to resulting growth were evaluated for their ability to predict growth. Case studies of six communities provided an in-depth understanding of the pressures which drive development decisions and land use change. This guidebook provides guidance to ODOT staff for completing environmental analysis and documentation on indirect land use impacts of highway improvements, based on findings of the study. One finding was that most highway capacity increases do not cause development to be dramatically different from local land use plan guidance, or from what would have occurred in absence of the highway improvement. In Oregon, local governments hold the tools to determine development patterns, using zoning and public utilities such as water, sewer and roads. This guidebook is not a directive, but a compilation of recommendations for a systematic look and consistent approach to predicting the indirect land use impacts of highway improvements. Appendices A-F of this report provide background on the study findings, including the literature review, growth trends analysis and six in-depth case studies. Also included in the appendices are a discussion of population and employment forecasting issues and a summary of ODOT processes for project evaluation. Published as two documents: Final Report and Appendices. 17.Key Words 18.Distribution Statement environmental impacts, indirect impacts, EIS, land use, Copies available from NTIS transportation, growth analysis, forecasting, development 19.Security Classif. (of this report). 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22.Price Unclassified Unclassified 58 + appendices Technical Report Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized i SI* (MODERN METRIC) CONVERSION FACTORS APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol LENGTH LENGTH In Inches 25.4 Millimeters Mm mm Millimeters 0.039 inches in Ft Feet 0.305 Meters M m Meters 3.28 feet ft Yd Yards 0.914 Meters M m Meters 1.09 yards yd Mi Miles 1.61 Kilometers Km km Kilometers 0.621 miles mi ---AREA ---AREA in2 Square inches 645.2 millimeters mm2 mm2 millimeters squared 0.0016 square inches in2 ft2 Square feet 0.093 meters squared M2 m2 meters squared 10.764 square feet ft2 yd2 Square yards 0.836 meters squared M2 ha Hectares 2.47 acres ac Ac Acres 0.405 Hectares Ha km2 kilometers squared 0.386 square miles mi2 mi2 Square miles 2.59 kilometers squared Km2 VOLUME VOLUME mL Milliliters 0.034 fluid ounces fl oz ii fl oz Fluid ounces 29.57 Milliliters ML L Liters 0.264 gallons gal Gal Gallons 3.785 Liters L m3 meters cubed 35.315 cubic feet ft3 ft3 Cubic feet 0.028 meters cubed m3 m3 meters cubed 1.308 cubic yards yd3 yd3 Cubic yards 0.765 meters cubed m3 ---MASS NOTE: Volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3. g Grams 0.035 ounces oz ---MASS kg Kilograms 2.205 pounds lb Oz Ounces 28.35 Grams G Mg Megagrams 1.102 short tons (2000 lb) T Lb Pounds 0.454 Kilograms Kg TEMPERATURE (exact) T Short tons (2000 lb) 0.907 Megagrams Mg °C Celsius temperature 1.8 + 32 Fahrenheit °F •F •F 32 98.6 212 TEMPERATURE (exact) -40 0 40 60 120 160 200 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ° ° II I I I I I I II F Fahrenheit 5(F-32)/9 Celsius C I I I I I I I I I I I I I -40 -20 0 20 40 60 60 100 temperature temperature •c 37 ·c * SI is the symbol for the International System of Measurement (4-7-94 jbp) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Center for Urban Studies at Portland State University (PSU) was the prime contractor for the overall study. ECONorthwest, as a subcontractor to PSU, was the primary author of this guidebook. Terry Moore and Bob Parker of ECONorthwest were the authors of Chapters 1 through 4, and Appendices D, E, and F. Dr. Tom Sanchez of PSU was the primary author of Appendices B and C (with assistance from Dr. Tony Rufolo). Moore and Sanchez jointly wrote Appendix A. All parts of this guidebook were improved by the review and comment of the Technical Advisory Committee: Joni Reid, Oregon Department of Transportation Research Group (ODOT project manager) Bob Cortright, Department of Land Conservation and Development Jim Cox, ODOT Environmental Services Nick Fortey, Federal Highway Administration Brian Gregor, ODOT Planning Erik Havig, ODOT Preliminary Design Bonnie Heitsch, Department of Justice, formerly ODOT Steve Kale, ODOT Planning Alan Kirk, ODOT Research Group Kate Poole, ODOT Planning Rick Williams, Department of Land Conservation and Development Staff at the cities of Albany, Bend, Corvallis, Grants Pass, Island City, and McMinnville contributed to the case studies, as did ODOT staff and focus group participants in each. DISCLAIMER This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Oregon Department of Transportation and the United States Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The State of Oregon and the United States Government assume no liability of its contents or use thereof. The contents of this report reflect the view of the authors who are solely responsible for the facts and accuracy of the material presented. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Oregon Department of Transportation or the United States Department of Transportation. The State of Oregon and the United States Government do not endorse products of manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear herein only because they are considered essential to the object of this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. iii A GUIDEBOOK FOR EVALUATING THE INDIRECT LAND USE AND GROWTH IMPACTS OF HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS APPENDICES APPENDIX A: OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT RESEARCH GROWTH TRENDS ANALYSES..........................................................................................A-2 CASE STUDY ANALYSES .................................................................................................A-2 INDIRECT IMPACTS GUIDEBOOK......................................................................................A-3 APPENDIX B: LITERATURE REVIEW SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................B-1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................B-2 GUIDANCE FROM REGULATORY AGENCIES......................................................................B-2 OTHER LITERATURE........................................................................................................B-3 ISSUES .............................................................................................................................B-5 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................B-7 APPENDIX C: GROWTH TRENDS REPORT INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................C-1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................C-1 METHODOLOGY...............................................................................................................C-2 SELECTION OF URBAN AREAS .........................................................................................C-3 URBAN CHANGE DETECTION PROCESS ...........................................................................C-5 URBAN CHANGE DETECTION RESULTS ...........................................................................C-9 LOGIT REGRESSION ANALYSIS ......................................................................................C-13 LOGIT REGRESSION RESULTS........................................................................................C-14
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