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United States Department of Agriculture Timberline Ski Area Mountain Forest Service Bike Trails and Skills Park Preliminary Assessment March 2011 Zigzag Ranger District Mt. Hood National Forest Clackamas County, Oregon The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. United States Department of Agriculture Timberline Ski Area Mountain Forest Service Bike Trails and Skills Park Preliminary Assessment January 2011 Zigzag Ranger District Mt. Hood National Forest Clackamas County, Oregon Legal Description: T3S, R9E, Sections 7, 12, 13, Willamette Meridian Lead Agency: USDA Forest Service Responsible Official: Chris Worth Forest Supervisor Mt. Hood National Forest Information Contact: Christy Covington Zigzag Ranger District 70220 E. Highway 26 Zigzag, OR 97049 (503) 622-3191 [email protected] Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 – Purpose and Need for Action .................................................................1 1.0 Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ..............................................................................................................1 1.2 Purpose and Need for Action ...................................................................................4 1.3 Proposed Action .......................................................................................................4 1.4 Decision Framework ................................................................................................5 1.5 Management Direction .............................................................................................5 1.6 Documents Incorporated by Reference ....................................................................8 1.7 Public Involvement ..................................................................................................8 1.8 Issues ........................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 2 – Proposed Action ....................................................................................15 2.1 Proposed Action .....................................................................................................15 2.1.1 Bike Park Trails ..................................................................................................15 2.1.2 Skills Park ...........................................................................................................19 2.1.3 Watershed Restoration ........................................................................................22 2.1.4 Construction ........................................................................................................24 2.1.5 Operation Timeline .............................................................................................26 2.1.6 Project Design Criteria ........................................................................................27 2.2 No Action ...............................................................................................................34 2.3 Development of the Proposed Action ....................................................................34 2.3.1 Initial Conceptual Proposal .................................................................................34 2.3.2 Initial Field Developed Trail System ..................................................................36 CHAPTER 3 –Environmental Consequences ...............................................................38 3.1 Soils........................................................................................................................38 3.2 Hydrology, Geology, and Water Resources ..........................................................43 3.3 Wildlife ..................................................................................................................75 3.4 Botany ..................................................................................................................101 3.5 Heritage ................................................................................................................124 3.6 Recreation ............................................................................................................131 3.7 Visuals..................................................................................................................146 3.8 Social and Economics ..........................................................................................150 3.9 Aquatics ...............................................................................................................162 CHAPTER 4 – List of Preparers ..................................................................................185 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................187 CHAPTER 1 - PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION 1.0 Introduction Timberline Ski Area is located on the Zigzag Ranger District of the Mt. Hood National Forest (Forest), on the southwest side of Mt. Hood, in northwestern Oregon (see Figure 1, Timberline Ski Area Vicinity Map). RLK and Company (RLK) operates Timberline Lodge and Ski Area (Timberline) under a 30-year Special Use Permit issued by the U.S. Forest Service. Timberline encompasses approximately 1,415 acres. This preliminary assessment analyzes the effects of a proposal by RLK to develop a managed, ski lift-assisted downhill-only mountain bike trails system and skills park. The trails system would be located within the terrain serviced by the Jeff Flood Express Lift within and adjacent to the Timberline Special Use Permit boundary. The Skills Park would be located by the Day Lodge. The trail system would include approximately 17 miles of trail, and the Skill Park would encompass approximately 0.2 acre. The proposed action also includes a watershed restoration activity which would decommission or stabilize approximately 2.1 miles of native surface roads within or adjacent to the project area. This preliminary assessment analyzes two alternatives – the Proposed Action and No Action alternatives. This document and all appendices are posted on the Mt. Hood National Forest web site in the “Land and Resources Management” section, and then under “Projects”: http://www.fs.usda.gov/mthood. 1.1 Background Lift-assisted mountain biking is a popular and quickly growing sport that has evolved from an extreme sport for skilled athletes, to a mainstream sport accessible to a broad spectrum of riders. As an example, the Whistler B.C. Mountain Bike Park sees over 120,000 visitors per summer and the most popular intermediate trail sees over twice as many riders as the most popular advanced trail. Lift-assisted mountain biking involves riders using a modified chairlift to bring themselves and their mountain bikes to the top of a downhill-specific bike trail system. Using a chairlift allows riders of all abilities and fitness levels to descend a variety of trails multiple times and develop new skills in a safe and progressive manner. As with winter ski operations, bike parks provide an opportunity for educational and skill building programs for the public. One common misconception is that mountain bike riders descend the same runs as skiers use in winter. While mountain bike trails sometimes cross ski runs, it is important to understand that downhill mountain bike trails are built specifically for summer use and are generally far less steep than even the easiest winter ski run. Properly designed, constructed, and maintained lift- assisted mountain bike facilities provide well managed opportunities for local and destination visitors to practice their sport in a safe and sustainable fashion. Properly designed mountain bike Timberline Ski Area Mountain Bike Trails and Skills Park Preliminary Assessment 1 Mountain Bike Proposal Figure 1 MountHood Hwy Vicinity MapMountHood Hwy MULTNOMAH Legend Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail County Boundary Special Use Permit Boundary 1 inch = 2 miles 0 21 . Miles !(35 HOOD RIVER MountHood Hwy MountHood Hwy Project Area !(35 Mount Hood Hwy ¤£26 CLACKAMAS Project Area ^_ WASCO WarmSprings Hwy WarmSprings Hwy trails use grade reversals and other techniques to control the downhill speed of the bikes. This is especially important at turns or other features in the trail as it reduces the need for braking and minimizes impacts to soil and vegetation. Additionally, with a well designed bike park, riders stay on the trail because of the way the trail flows, speeds up and slows down for the next feature. Resorts, land managers, and nearby communities