DOCSLIB.ORG

Incorporation of Latino Police Officers Into the Milwaukee Police Department

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Incorporation of Latino Police Officers Into the Milwaukee Police Department University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations December 2015 Incorporation of Latino Police Officers into the Milwaukee Police Department: How a Group of Latino Police Officers Shed the "Blue Shield" for a Latino Identity Antonio G. Guajardo jr University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Chicana/o Studies Commons, Ethnic Studies Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Guajardo jr, Antonio G., "Incorporation of Latino Police Officers into the Milwaukee Police Department: How a Group of Latino Police Officers Shed the "Blue Shield" for a Latino Identity" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 1050. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/1050 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INCORPORTATION OF LATINO POLICE OFFICERS INTO THE MILWAUKEE POLICE DEPARTMENT: HOW A GROUP OF LATINO POLICE OFFICERS SHED THE “BLUE SHIELD” FOR A LATINO IDENTITY by Antonio Guajardo Jr. A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Urban Studies at The University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee December 2015 ABSTRACT INCORPORATION OF LATINO POLICE OFFICERS INTO THE MILWAUKEE POLICE DEPARTMENT: HOW A GROUPS OF LATINO POLICE OFFICERS SHED THE “BLUE SHIELD” FOR A LATINO IDENTITY by Antonio G Guajardo Jr. The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee 2015 Under the Supervision of Professor Joe Rodriguez This study examines the issue of ethnic identity and its importance to the Latino police officers in the MPD. The study also explores the relationship between these officers and Milwaukee’s Latino communities, analyzing historical incidents of activism within these communities meant to pressure the Department into hiring Latino officers. It also examines the officers’ experiences and views regarding the importance of their ethnic identities and their identities as professional law enforcers. The study also historically analyzes the organizations formed by the Latinos officers, the National Latino Peace Officers Association (NLPOA) and their effect on the police subculture within the MPD. The study reveals that identity was an important factor in their professional experiences for the members of the Latino Peace Officers Association interviewed. Further, the organizations they formed, the National Latino Peace Officers Association, had an impact on the influence of the police subculture. The NLPOA helped Latino officers pull away from the police subculture, shedding the “Blue Shield,” moving to identifying with the Latino community. ii © Copyright by Antonio G Guajardo Jr., 2015 All Rights Reserved iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 QUESTIONS 5 DEFINING IDENTITY 7 HISTORYAND DEMPGRAPHICS OF THE MILWAUKEE POLICE DEPARTMENT 8 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 21 METHODOLOGY 25 INTERVIEWS: LATION AND AFRICAN AMERICAN OFFICERS 31 THE CHAPTERS 35 CONCLUSION 38 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 40 URBAN ADVANTAGE 42 POLICE REFORMS 45 VOLMER AND WILSON MODERNIZE POLICING 48 LATINO AND AFRICAN AMERICAN COMPARATIVE TREATMENT BY POLICE 53 THEORETICVAL FRAMEWORK 60 POLCIE SUBCULTURE 60 POLICE SUBCULTURE AND RACE 62 POLICE SUBCULTURE AND SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION 69 RACIAL REALISM 71 IMPORTANCE OF LATINO IDENTITY 75 POLICING STRATEGIES 78 POLICE DEPARTMENTS AND PROFESSIOONAL ORGANIZATIONS 78 PROBLEM ORIENTED POLICING 81 BROKEN WINDOWS 83 MILWAUKEE POLICE AND CHIEF BREIER 86 AFRIMATIVE ACTION AND THE MILWAUKEE POLICE 87 ZERO SUM HIRING 90 CONCLUSION 91 iv CHAPTER 3 MILWAUKEE POLICE AND COMMUNITY RELATIONS 94 MEXICAN AMERICANS 100 PUERTO RICANS 104 ORGANIZING THE LATINO COMMUNITY IN MILWAUKEE 105 MILWAUKEE POLICE AND MINORITY COMMUNITY RELATIONS 112 MPD CHIEF BREIER AND COMMUNITY RELATIONS 114 CONFLICT BETWEEN THE LATINO COMMUNITY AND MPD 120 MENDOZA CASE A STEP BACKWARD FOR MPD AND LATINO RELATIONS 129 CONCLUSION 135 CHAPTER 4 LATINO POLICE OFFICER EXPERIENCE: 1964-1980 THE FIRST WAVE 139 HISTORY OF LATINO OFFICERS IN MPD 139 FIRST WAVBE OF LATINO RECRUITS IN THE MPD 143 BREIER RETIRES 147 FIRST LATINO POLICE OFFICER IN MPD PROCOPIO SANDOVAL 160 FIRST LATINA IN MPD 170 MILWAUKEE COUNTY SHERIFF’S DEPUTY JOSE LUIS LOPÉZ AND THE MPD 177 RAMON GALAVIZ FIRST HIGH RANKING LATINO FROM WITHIN MPD 179 OSCAR PEREZ 183 MOISES GOMEZ 289 LUIS GONZALEZ 196 RUBEN BURGOS 200 CONCLUSION 203 CHAPTER 5 LATINO OFFICERS AND THE GANG PROLEM 206 LATINOS IN MPD TAKE THE LEAD IN POLICE COMMUITY RELATIONS 206 OPPOSING PHLOSPHIES ON HANDLING MILWAUKEE GANG PROBLEMS 207 LATINO OFFICERS BUILT TRUST WITH THE LATINO COMMUNITY AND LATINO GANGS 209 CONCLUSION 219 v CHAPTER 6 NATIONAL LATINO PEACE OFFICES ASSOCIATION: LATINO OFFICERS ORGANIZE IN MILWAUKEE AND GO FROM BLUE TO BROWN 221 ORGANIZING THE NLPOA 223 JOSE LUIS LOPÉZ AND THE NLPOA 227 NLPOA AND POLITICS 233 NLPOA, ARREOLA AND THE DAHMER INCIDENT 236 MILWAUKEE NLPOA POST DAHMER 243 NLPOA, THE LEAGUE OF MARTIN AND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION 245 DALLAS NLPOA AND MILWAUKEE NLPOA COMPARISON 250 CONCLUSION 255 CHAPTER 7 MILWAUKEE NLPOA RELATIONSHIP WITH THE MPD CHIEFS AND LATINO COMMUNITY 257 ARREOLA COMMUNITY POLICNG AND OTHER POLICE REFORMS 258 CHIEF JONES, BROKEN WINDOWS AND THE LATINOCOMMUNITY 267 MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE DAY PARADE 268 THE REY RAID 271 CHIEF HEGERTY AND THE LATINO COMMUNITY 277 NLPOA CLASHES WITH MPD LABOR UNION OVER LATINO OFFICERS 280 IMMIGATION POLICY AND THE NLPOA 282 MEXICAN FIESTA 284 NLPOA’S FUTURE 288 CONCLUSION 290 CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION 293 DUAL IDENTITIES 395 THE STRONG PULL OF THE POLICE SUBCULTURE 300 THE QUESTIONS 302 POLITICAL POWER AND LAW ENFORCEMENT 304 INCORPORATION OF LATINOS INTO MPD 306 IMPORTANCE OF STUDY 309 vi REFERENCES 311 APPENDIX: BIOGRAPHIES OF INTERVIEWEES 328 CURRICULUM VITAE 335 vii LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE Table 1: Demographic comparison of sworn personal for the Milwaukee Police Department vs City of Milwaukee 1980-2012……………………………………………………………………………….10 Table 1a: Milwaukee Police Department 1980-2012 Demographic Graph ……………………..11 Table 2: Demographical comparison of the Milwaukee Police vs National Average 1990-2000 …………………………………………………………………………… 15 . Table 2a: Demographical comparison of Milwaukee Police Department vs National Average graph 1990-2000 ………………………………………………………….. 15 Table 3: Demographic use of force of officer for the Milwaukee Police Department 2009-2012…………………………………………………………………… ………..17 Table 3a: Milwaukee Police use of force demographic graph 2009-20012 ……………………..18 viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Joe Rodriguez for having the patience to guide me through the dissertation process. The countless meetings and suggestions for finalizing my dissertation. I would also like to thank Dr. William Velez who guided me through my preliminary exams as well as helped me select a topic for the dissertation. I am also grateful to the rest of my dissertation committee, Dr. Javier Tapia, Dr. Donald Green and Dr. Steven Brandl for their help in this process. Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Lucia Borda-Guajardo whose patience and wiliness of giving up our time together and allowing me to finish this process. ix Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION “They did not know us and we did not know them. Therefore, it was standstill between two groups. We saw policemen in the Southside; we did not interact because we did not know each other” (E. Chacon, personal communication, November 6, 2013). This was the reply from Ernesto Chacon, Latino community activist, to my question, “How did the police treat Latinos during that time?” This question was just one of my questions regarding the treatment of Latinos in Milwaukee during the 1960s by the Milwaukee police. I was stunned, not by the answer, but the simplicity it lent to a complex issue: the relationship between Latinos and the MPD. This study, Incorporation of Latino Police Officers into the Milwaukee Police Department: How a Group of Latino Police Officers Shed the “Blue Shield” for a Latino Identity might seem simplistic in title; however, this too, is misleading. This study examines the incorporation of Latinos into the MPD. Although Latinos were present in Milwaukee as early as the 1920s (Valdes, 1991), there were not significant numbers to have a political voice (E. Chacon, personal communication, November 6, 2013). Consequently, the need for Latinos in MPD was not an issue until the late 1960s through the 1970s, when the Latinos were increasing in number and started to demonstrate and march for equal rights. This study examines how a group of Latino police officers in a large police department, the MPD, shed the “Blue Shield,” and moved to a “Brown” identity, identifying with the Latino community in Milwaukee. In moving into the “Brown” identity these Latino offices provided leadership not only within the MPD, but within the Latino community in dealing with problems between the MPD and the Latino community. 1 The 1960s brought a social awakening in this country regarding civil rights and the use of force by the police against minorities in the United States. The 1967 President’s Report on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice addresses the relationship between police departments and minority communities. It recommends the hiring of minority police officers as well as increasing the educational requirements for police officers to four-year college degrees; most departments
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Case 1:99-Cv-02496-GK Document 6095 Filed 06/02/14 Page 1 of 27
    Case 1:99-cv-02496-GK Document 6095 Filed 06/02/14 Page 1 of 27 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) ) Plaintiff, ) Civil Action No. 99-CV -2496 (GK) ) Next scheduled court appearance: and ) NONE ) TOBACCO-FREE KIDS ) ACTION FUND, et al. ) ) Plaintiff-Intervenors ) ) V. ) ) PHILIP MORRIS USA INC., et al., ) ) Defendants. ) I -Remand CONSENT ORDER IMPLEMENTING THE CORRECTIVE STATEMENTS REMEDY UNDER ORDER #1015 AND ORDER #34-REMAND Upon consideration of the Joint Motion for Consent Order Implementing the Corrective Statements Remedy under Order #1015 and Order #34-Remand (Dkt. No. 6021; filed 1/10/2014), and the entire record herei'n, it is hereby ORDERED that: The corrective statements remedy under Order #1015 (DN 5733, Aug. 17, 2006), published as United States v. Philip Morris USA Inc., 449 F. Supp. 2d 1, 938-41 (D.D.C. 2006), aff'd in part & vacated in part, 566 F.3d 1095 (D.C. Cir. 2009) (per curiam), cert. denied, 561 U.S._, 130 S. Ct. 3501 (2010), is hereby MODIFIED as set forth below: 1 Case 1:99-cv-02496-GK Document 6095 Filed 06/02/14 Page 2 of 27 I. Definitions A. "Above the Fold" means: 1. For websites other than mobile websites, the text that begins on the first screen of the home page for the web address, without scrolling, or 2. For mobile websites that do not use responsive design, the text that begins on the first screen in portrait orientation, without scrolling. B. "Benchmark timeslot" for a particular month means the timeslot that received the fewest average impressions (18-99+) among CBS, ABC, and NBC, Monday through Thursday, between 7:00p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Justice (5)” of the James M
    The original documents are located in Box 20, folder “Justice (5)” of the James M. Cannon Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON Pv- October 1, 1976 ~t . .,. u~~ MEMORANDUM FOR FRIEDERSDORF M CANNON FROM AUL MYER SUBJECT: ~Copyright Bill -­ ~~ Proposed Signing Ceremony (J~ The House and Senate have cleared for the President legislation to revise and extend the copyright law. This is the first revision of that statute in 65 years and has attracted considerable interest in the arts community, the media industry and technical industrial field. I believe there would be consider- . able political advantage in a signing ceremony on this bill. Such an occasion would attract well known individuals from the performing and literary arts field and other interests concerned with this legislation. I believe such a ceremony could enhance the President's position witp these consti­ tuencies. ,....·~ -(:;;,-... .....,_ .r " ~~ / '¢.~. '--;,_;. / !~..J .-- ~ :;, \ -~ ~· ~ ~_-/' Digitized from Box 20 of the James M.
    [Show full text]
  • Murder-Suicide Ruled in Shooting a Homicide-Suicide Label Has Been Pinned on the Deaths Monday Morning of an Estranged St
    -* •* J 112th Year, No: 17 ST. JOHNS, MICHIGAN - THURSDAY, AUGUST 17, 1967 2 SECTIONS - 32 PAGES 15 Cents Murder-suicide ruled in shooting A homicide-suicide label has been pinned on the deaths Monday morning of an estranged St. Johns couple whose divorce Victims had become, final less than an hour before the fatal shooting. The victims of the marital tragedy were: *Mrs Alice Shivley, 25, who was shot through the heart with a 45-caliber pistol bullet. •Russell L. Shivley, 32, who shot himself with the same gun minutes after shooting his wife. He died at Clinton Memorial Hospital about 1 1/2 hqurs after the shooting incident. The scene of the tragedy was Mrsy Shivley's home at 211 E. en name, Alice Hackett. Lincoln Street, at the corner Police reconstructed the of Oakland Street and across events this way. Lincoln from the Federal-Mo­ gul plant. It happened about AFTER LEAVING court in the 11:05 a.m. Monday. divorce hearing Monday morn­ ing, Mrs Shivley —now Alice POLICE OFFICER Lyle Hackett again—was driven home French said Mr Shivley appar­ by her mother, Mrs Ruth Pat­ ently shot himself just as he terson of 1013 1/2 S. Church (French) arrived at the home Street, Police said Mrs Shlv1 in answer to a call about a ley wanted to pick up some shooting phoned in fromtheFed- papers at her Lincoln Street eral-Mogul plant. He found Mr home. Shivley seriously wounded and She got out of the car and lying on the floor of a garage went in the front door* Mrs MRS ALICE SHIVLEY adjacent to -• the i house on the Patterson got out of-'the car east side.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Articles Provided by a Member of the Public on Issues Relating To
    PRESS RELEASE LC Paper No. CB(2)456/17-18(01) tobaccofreekids.org /press-releases/2017_11_20_corrective_statements Starting this Week, Tobacco Companies Must Run Court-Ordered Ads Telling the Truth about Their Lethal Products Statement of the American Cancer Society, American Heart Association, American Lung Association, Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights, National African American Tobacco Prevention Network and the Tobacco-Free Kids Action Fund (public health intervenors in the case) November 20, 2017 WASHINGTON, D.C. – Starting Nov. 26, the major U.S. tobacco companies must run court-ordered newspaper and television advertisements that tell the American public the truth about the deadly consequences of smoking and secondhand smoke, as well as the companies’ intentional design of cigarettes to make them more addictive. The ads are the culmination of a long-running lawsuit the U.S. Department of Justice filed against the tobacco companies in 1999. A federal court in 2006 ordered the tobacco companies to make these “corrective statements” after finding that they had violated civil racketeering laws (RICO) and engaged in a decades-long conspiracy to deceive the American public about the health effects of smoking and how they marketed to children. The ads will finally run after 11 years of appeals by the tobacco companies aimed at delaying and weakening them. View the full text of the corrective statements and details on when and where they will run. Make no mistake: The tobacco companies are not running these ads voluntarily or because of a legal settlement. They were ordered to do so by a federal court that found they engaged in massive wrongdoing that has resulted in “a staggering number of deaths per year, an immeasurable amount of human suffering and economic loss, and a profound burden on our national health care system,” as U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • “They Tried to Bury Us, but They Didn't Know We Were Seeds.” “Trataron De Enterrarnos, Pero No Sabían Que Éramos Semil
    "They Tried to Bury Us, But They Didn't Know We Were Seeds." "Trataron de Enterrarnos, Pero No Sabían Que Éramos Semillas" - The Mexican American/Raza Studies Political and Legal Struggle: A Content Analysis Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Arce, Martin Sean Citation Arce, Martin Sean. (2020). "They Tried to Bury Us, But They Didn't Know We Were Seeds." "Trataron de Enterrarnos, Pero No Sabían Que Éramos Semillas" - The Mexican American/Raza Studies Political and Legal Struggle: A Content Analysis (Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA). Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 20:52:15 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/656744 “THEY TRIED TO BURY US, BUT THEY DIDN’T KNOW WE WERE SEEDS.” “TRATARON DE ENTERRARNOS, PERO NO SABÍAN QUE ÉRAMOS SEMILLAS.” - THE MEXICAN AMERICAN/RAZA STUDIES POLITICAL AND LEGAL STRUGGLE: A CONTENT ANALYSIS by Martín Arce ______________________________ Copyright © Martín Arce 2020 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF TEACHING, LEARNING & SOCIOCULTURAL STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2020 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Without the love and support of my familia, the completion of this dissertation would not have been possible. My brothers Tom Arce, Gil Arce, and Troy Arce are foundational to my upbringing and to who I am today.
    [Show full text]
  • Newspaper Distribution List
    Newspaper Distribution List The following is a list of the key newspaper distribution points covering our Integrated Media Pro and Mass Media Visibility distribution package. Abbeville Herald Little Elm Journal Abbeville Meridional Little Falls Evening Times Aberdeen Times Littleton Courier Abilene Reflector Chronicle Littleton Observer Abilene Reporter News Livermore Independent Abingdon Argus-Sentinel Livingston County Daily Press & Argus Abington Mariner Livingston Parish News Ackley World Journal Livonia Observer Action Detroit Llano County Journal Acton Beacon Llano News Ada Herald Lock Haven Express Adair News Locust Weekly Post Adair Progress Lodi News Sentinel Adams County Free Press Logan Banner Adams County Record Logan Daily News Addison County Independent Logan Herald Journal Adelante Valle Logan Herald-Observer Adirondack Daily Enterprise Logan Republican Adrian Daily Telegram London Sentinel Echo Adrian Journal Lone Peak Lookout Advance of Bucks County Lone Tree Reporter Advance Yeoman Long Island Business News Advertiser News Long Island Press African American News and Issues Long Prairie Leader Afton Star Enterprise Longmont Daily Times Call Ahora News Reno Longview News Journal Ahwatukee Foothills News Lonoke Democrat Aiken Standard Loomis News Aim Jefferson Lorain Morning Journal Aim Sussex County Los Alamos Monitor Ajo Copper News Los Altos Town Crier Akron Beacon Journal Los Angeles Business Journal Akron Bugle Los Angeles Downtown News Akron News Reporter Los Angeles Loyolan Page | 1 Al Dia de Dallas Los Angeles Times
    [Show full text]
  • Chicano Studies Research Center Annual Report 2018-2019 Submitted by Director Chon A. Noriega in Memory of Leobardo F. Estrada
    Chicano Studies Research Center Annual Report 2018-2019 Submitted by Director Chon A. Noriega In memory of Leobardo F. Estrada (1945-2018) 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE 3 HIGHLIGHTS 5 II. DEVELOPMENT REPORT 8 III. ADMINISTRATION, STAFF, FACULTY, AND ASSOCIATES 11 ​ IV. ACADEMIC AND COMMUNITY RELATIONS 14 ​ V. LIBRARY AND ARCHIVE 26 ​ VI. PRESS 43 ​ VII. RESEARCH 58 ​ VIII. FACILITIES 75 ​ APPENDICES 77 ​ 2 I. DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE The UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center (CSRC) was founded in 1969 with a commitment to foster multi-disciplinary research as part of the overall mission of the university. It is one of four ethnic studies centers within the Institute of American Cultures (IAC), which reports to the UCLA Office of the Chancellor. The CSRC is also a co-founder and serves as the official archive of the Inter-University Program for Latino Research (IUPLR, est. 1983), a consortium of Latino research centers that now includes twenty-five institutions dedicated to increasing the number of scholars and intellectual leaders conducting Latino-focused research. The CSRC houses a library and special collections archive, an academic press, externally-funded research projects, community-based partnerships, competitive grant and fellowship programs, and several gift funds. It maintains a public programs calendar on campus and at local, national, and international venues. The CSRC also maintains strategic research partnerships with UCLA schools, departments, and research centers, as well as with major museums across the U.S. The CSRC holds six (6) positions for faculty that are appointed in academic departments. These appointments expand the CSRC’s research capacity as well as the curriculum in Chicana/o and Latina/o studies across UCLA.
    [Show full text]
  • Proclamations - Nixon (1)” of the William J
    The original documents are located in Box 34, folder “Proclamations - Nixon (1)” of the William J. Baroody Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 34 of the William J. Baroody Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library ---·~------~------------------~ ----j-----------------·----·-------- --1 I i ~-1-- -11----- ·--- \ AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY 9650 ROCKVU•. LE PIKE BETHESDA, MARYLAND :20014 PHONE: 301 530-JSOO .February 12, 1974 1 . \ Miss ·McAuleisse c/o Mr. Baroody's Office The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, D. C. Dear Miss McAuleisse: Enclosed are the names and addresses of the Past Presidents and the Board of Trustees of the American College of Cardiology that you re­ quested in order to send the Heart Month Proc­ lamation. Sincerely, ~-+ 9LA,;, (Mrs.) Beverly J. Sandlin Secretary I I I I. I I. AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY PAST PRESIDENTS * * * ) I l ..~ .Ashton Graybiel, M. D., F .A. C. C. U. S. Naval .Aerospace Medical Institute Pensacola, Florida 32512 Walter S.
    [Show full text]
  • African American Newsline Distribution Points
    African American Newsline Distribution Points Deliver your targeted news efficiently and effectively through NewMediaWire’s African−American Newsline. Reach 700 leading trades and journalists dealing with political, finance, education, community, lifestyle and legal issues impacting African Americans as well as The Associated Press and Online databases and websites that feature or cover African−American news and issues. Please note, NewMediaWire includes free distribution to trade publications and newsletters. Because these are unique to each industry, they are not included in the list below. To get your complete NewMediaWire distribution, please contact your NewMediaWire account representative at 310.492.4001. A.C.C. News Weekly Newspaper African American AIDS Policy &Training Newsletter African American News &Issues Newspaper African American Observer Newspaper African American Times Weekly Newspaper AIM Community News Weekly Newspaper Albany−Southwest Georgian Newspaper Alexandria News Weekly Weekly Newspaper Amen Outreach Newsletter Newsletter Annapolis Times Newspaper Arizona Informant Weekly Newspaper Around Montgomery County Newspaper Atlanta Daily World Weekly Newspaper Atlanta Journal Constitution Newspaper Atlanta News Leader Newspaper Atlanta Voice Weekly Newspaper AUC Digest Newspaper Austin Villager Newspaper Austin Weekly News Newspaper Bakersfield News Observer Weekly Newspaper Baton Rouge Weekly Press Weekly Newspaper Bay State Banner Newspaper Belgrave News Newspaper Berkeley Tri−City Post Newspaper Berkley Tri−City Post
    [Show full text]
  • Court-‐Ordered Corrective Statements Remedy
    Court-Ordered Corrective Statements Remedy: Implementation Details United States v. Philip Morris USA Inc. In 2006, U.S. District Judge Gladys Kessler found the major tobacco companies guilty of violating civil racketeering laws (RICO) and engaging in a decades-long conspiracy to deceive the American public about the health effects of smoking and their marketing to children. Among her remedies, Judge Kessler ordered the tobacco companies to publish corrective statements about the adverse health effects of smoking and secondhand smoke and other topics. The companies must disseminate the corrective statements through television and newspaper advertising, their websites and cigarette packaging. After 11 years of appeals by the tobacco companies to weaken and delay the corrective statements, a federal judge issued a final order directing them to begin running the corrective statement ads in newspapers on Sunday, November 26, 2017, with the television ads beginning the following day. Implementation details are still being finalized for the company websites and cigarette packs. Television: The Defendant tobacco companies will purchase television ads with text and voice-over containing one of the five corrective statements. • The ads will run five times per week for one year (52 weeks) for a total of 260 spots. • The ads can run Monday through Thursday between 7:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. on one of the three major networks (CBS, ABC or NBC). Each month, up to one-third of the ads may be placed during programs on other networks or channels, provided that program has an overall audience at least as large as a program on one of the three major networks during the assigned time slots.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Alan Eladio Gómez 2006
    Copyright by Alan Eladio Gómez 2006 The Dissertation Committee for Alan Eladio Gómez Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: “From Below and to the Left”: Re-Imagining the Chicano Movement through the Circulation of Third World Struggles, 1970-1979 Committee: Emilio Zamora, Supervisor Toyin Falola Anne Martinez Harry Cleaver Louis Mendoza “From Below and To the Left”: Re-Imagining the Chicano Movement through the Circulation of Third World Struggles, 1970-1979 by Alan Eladio Gómez, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2006 For the Zarate, González, Gallegos, and Gómez families And for my father, Eladio Gómez Well, we’ve had to look at ourselves, we have had to look at our history: actually we have had to define that history because it was never defined by North American historians. Antonia Castañeda Shular, Seattle, 1974 “El mismo enemigo ha querido mutilar, y si posible, hacer desaparecer nuestras culturas, tan parecidas una a la otra, y sin embargo, tanto el Chicano como el Boricua hemos podido salvar nuestra idenitidad cultural…” Rafael Cancel Miranda, Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary, 1972 “Prison is a backyard form of colonialism” raúlrsalinas “Nuestra América” José Martí Por la reunificación de los Pueblos Libres de América en su Lucha el Socialismo. Partido de los Pobres Unido de América (PPUA) “Somos uno porque América es una.” Centro Libre de Expresión Teatral Artística (CLETA) Exploitation and oppression transcend national boundaries and so the success of our resistance will be largely dependent upon our ability to forge strong ties with struggling peoples across the globe.
    [Show full text]
  • Music, Movement, Performance, and Power in the Conjunto Dancehalls of the Texas—Mexico Borderlands
    Amor en Aztlán: Music, Movement, Performance, and Power in the Conjunto Dancehalls of the Texas—Mexico Borderlands by Wayne Alejandro Wolbert A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnic Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Laura E. Pérez, Chair Professor David Montejano Professor Paola Bacchetta Summer 2019 © Wayne Alejandro Wolbert 2019 Abstract Amor en Aztlán: Music, Movement, Performance, and Power in the Conjunto Dancehalls of the Texas—Mexico Borderlands by Wayne Alejandro Wolbert Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnic Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Laura E. Pérez, Chair This dissertation examines the Texas Mexican musical genre known as conjunto and its concomitant social world. In this work I situate conjunto within a broader context of Mexican American cultural production, Texas Mexican popular music, and the shared histories of the U.S.- Mexico borderlands. As a social history, the dissertation traces the development of the genre and its practitioners across the twentieth century to the present. I examine interactions of power; expressions of identity; and constructions of race, class, and gender through movement (dance), performance (instrumentation and playing), and place (the dancehall or nite club) within and around San Antonio and South Texas. I argue that conjunto is an embodiment of Xicanx thought and knowledge, an everyday act of resistance and reaffirmation. 1 Dedicación
    [Show full text]