EUROPE’S LIBRARY NETWORK

LIBER Open Roadmap Table of Contents

04 5.  SKILLS 24 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY About LIBER 05 · Opportunities & Challenges 24 Introduction 06 · Recommendations 25 Cultural Change 09 Main Priorities 10 6. RESEARCH INTEGRITY 26 · Opportunities & Challenges 26 12 · Recommendations 27 SEVEN FOCUS AREAS

1. SCHOLARLY 14 7.  28 · Opportunities & Challenges 14 · Opportunities & Challenges 28 · Recommendations 16 · Recommendations 29

2. FAIR DATA 18 30 LOOKING FORWARD · Opportunities & Challenges 18 · Recommendations 19 32 OPEN SCIENCE CHAMPIONS · Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 34 3. RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES & · National Library of Finland 36 THE EUROPEAN OPEN SCIENCE CLOUD 20 · Ruder Bošković Institute Library 38 · Opportunities & Challenges 20 · Spanish National Research Council 40 · Recommendations 21 · Svetozar Markovic University Library 42 · University of Barcelona 44 4. METRICS & REWARDS 22 · University College London 46 · Opportunities & Challenges 22 · University Library of Southern Denmark 48 · Recommendations 23 50 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 51 CREDITS About EXECUTIVE LIBER

LIBER (Ligue des Bibliothèques Européennes By 2022, we envision a world where: de Recherche – Association of European Re- SUMMARY search Libraries) represents 430 university, •  is the predominant form of national and special libraries in 40 countries, publishing; making us Europe’s largest research library • Research Data is Findable, Accessible, network. Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR); • Digital Skills underpin a more open Our 2018-2022 Strategy, Powering Sus- and transparent research life cycle; tainable Knowledge in the Digital Age, • Research Infrastructure is participatory, outlines how libraries can prepare them- tailored and scaled to the needs of the Embracing Open Science is critical if we LIBER has shaped its 2018-2022 Strategy1 selves for coming changes in the research diverse disciplines; are to make science more collaborative, to support and enable Open Science and landscape. It is based on three key focus • The cultural heritage of tomorrow is built reproducible, transparent and impactful. it is our hope that this Roadmap will help areas: Innovative Scholarly Publishing, on today’s digital information. Open Science undoubtedly has the power Europe’s research libraries to do the same. Digital Skills and Services, and Research to positively influence society, but its im- Infrastructures. plementation is not yet universal. This document was written during spring 2018, when the Open Science Policy Plat- A revolution is required: one which opens form (OSPP) produced integrated advice up research processes and changes mind- for the EC and key stakeholders.2 People sets in favour of a world where policies, from across the LIBER community trans- tools and infrastructures universally sup- lated the OSPP recommendations for li- port the growth and sharing of knowledge. braries and combined them with sugges- tions drawn from their own expertise and Research libraries are well placed to make experiences. that revolution happen. This Roadmap out- lines the specific actions libraries can take to champion Open Science, both within and beyond their own institutions.

As we explain in detail throughout this document, libraries need to advocate for Open Science locally and internationally,

to support Open Science through tools 1 https://libereurope.eu/strategy and services and to expand the impact 2 Integrated advice of the Open Science Policy of their work through collaboration and Platform Recommendations, 2018. Available at partnerships. https://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/pdf/ integrated_advice_opspp_recommendations.pdf

4 5 The actions they can undertake are nu- THREE KEY merous and diverse but one theme emerges Introduction repeatedly: collaboration. Coordinating PRINCIPLES with colleagues both within the library’s own institution and on a bigger scale — by 1. establishing regional Open Science pro- The whole research cycle should be grammes to efficiently share best practices as transparent as possible including Open science is the practice of making everything in the discovery and resources and engaging in international publishing cost information, open process fully and openly available, creating transparency and driving projects and policy development — is key. , open metrics. Libraries further discovery by allowing others to build on existing work. should support transparency by, Exactly how much work needs to be done for example, sharing licensing 3 When I read such definitions, I think ‘but isn’t that just science? varies greatly between disciplines, coun- information, raising awareness tries and institutions. In some countries of next generation metrics, Open Science is recognized in the govern- communicating Open Access Open Science is here to stay — and with logical and ethical issues, affects ment agenda and awareness is high. In requirements and mandates as good reason. It makes scientific outputs all processes and it is important to identify others, the concept of Open Science and its well as Open Access publishing publicly available so that anyone can read, specific actions which can help drive the development is still at a preliminary stage. possibilities to researchers. share and build upon the results. This, in shift to Open Science. There is a considerable geographical split, turn, drives collaboration and innova- with initiatives in western and northern Eu- 2. SUSTAINABILITY tion, and maximizes the potential to solve The development of new Open Science rope broadly more advanced than southern Research outputs, infrastructures global challenges such as climate change infrastructures and other tools, the sharing and eastern Europe. and funding should all be and disease. of best practices, awareness raising and sustainable. Libraries should provision of training are all important con- Not all libraries will have the resources to support sustainability in providing Because of its immense power, supporting tributions. Above all, we need pioneers and do as much as they might like with Open standardised metadata services Open Science is increasingly being adopted champions to show how the research cycle Science but all libraries can do something including persistent identifiers and as a key strategic aim of organisations big can happen in an open way. and any step — no matter how small — is a long term preservation solutions. and small, from the European Commis- step in the right direction. It is no longer a sion and Member states to universities Libraries are in an excellent position to question of if but how. Libraries must take 3. COLLABORATION and other research performing organisa- be those pioneers and champions. This an active role in Open Science because it The spirit of collaboration on a local, tions, research funders and infrastruc- roadmap describes how and why they is the right thing to do: for the library, its European and global level is deeply tures, Citizen Science organisations and should do so, and gives concrete examples users and society as a whole. embedded in libraries and across libraries. It is being implemented through of how all libraries can actively contribute research communities. Libraries policies, funding, the development of in- to the development of Open Science by No matter where your library lies on the can use this to foster Open Science, frastructures, projects, the sharing of best raising awareness, provide training, ope- Open Science continuum, it is LIBER’s hope through the sharing of best practices practices, the development of skills and ning up research collections to innovative that this document will provide guidance and case studies and by developing awareness raising. research methods and developing sup- to further drive the shift to Open Science, common standards and services. portive policies and infrastructures. providing invaluable support to your re- This is encouraging but there is still con- searchers and institution and — at the same siderable work to be done. Mindsets need time — making a significant contribution to to change and profound shifts in working 3 Watson, M. (2015). When will ‘open science’ become future discoveries and innovation. methods need to take place. From the con- simply ‘science’?. Genome Biology. Available at duct and to methodo- https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/ articles/10.1186/s13059-015-0669-2

6 7 Cultural LIBRARIES SUPPORT Change THE ENTIRE 1. PLANNING RESEARCH • Develop Data Management Plans and support PROCESS researchers in their implementation The openness I am advocating would be a giant cultural shift in • Develop and provide tools for FAIR data how science is done, a second open science revolution extending management • Help researchers to manage their personal and completing the first open science revolution, of the 17th and identifiers (ORCID, ISNI) 18th centuries.4 • Provide information about research funding possibilities

The development of new infrastructures Reflecting a commitment to Open Science 6. REUSING and other tools, the sharing of best prac- across all services. Provide a certified • Raise awareness and provide tices, and provision of training can all help repository. Create a data catalogue. Publish training about reuse requirements to encourage Open Science. To be truly content with a machine-readable license. • Promote reuse with and contract management, and effective, however, libraries must also Use open APIs to provide access to library strive to change the culture which under- services. Develop intelligent tools to au- through the use of Creative 2. SUPPORTING Commons licenses • Support access to information through portals pins scientific practice and knowledge tomate metadata production and support and databases creation. FAIR data management during the entire • Ensure your library is a one-stop-shop to data life-cycle. Ensure that contracts with support researchers in all questions related to Cultural change is a slow process but it can publishers are transparent. Open Science be accelerated by: • Turn the library into a working environment Sharing inspiring examples. Highlight your especially for students and citizen scientists Using training and advocacy to foster a own library’s successes and those of Open 5. ASSESSING common understanding. Everyone, from Science champions from across the com- • Participate in projects and researchers and library staff to professors, munity. pilots to learn about next- university directors and politicians, needs generation metrics • Advance the adoption of to understand the importance of Open next-generation metrics Science.

3. MANAGING Ensuring that your institution has an Open • Ensure research outputs are interoperable Science policy. This policy should be in- by supporting researchers in the use of formed by the insights and needs of your identifiers, metadata and vocabularies library and users. • Provide training in managing data sets, in programming languages, support in statistics 4. PUBLISHING and in using high computing power • Encourage researchers and students to use 4 • Develop infrastructures: Institutional Bartling, S., & Friesike, S. (2014). Institutional Repositories for publishing Towards Another Scientific Revolution. Available at Repositories for publications and data, • Provide training in Open Access publishing http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00026-8_1 and the requirements of publishers ontologies and other tools to describe 8 content 9 Main Priorities

ENCOURAGE DEVELOP the development of Open Science and Open Access policies and strategies training programmes and guidelines which support the entire Open Science at your university or research performing organisation. Ensure that these ecosystem and cover key concepts such as Open Access, FAIR Data, meta- policies support the move towards Open Science and that they are informed data and data management and Citizen Science. Libraries can also help re- by the insights and needs of libraries and their users. searchers learn how to responsibly conduct research by teaching the legal and ethical aspects of , copyright and data management.

ENGAGE in the development of national and European legislation and policies which ADOPT impact on Open Science. When topics such as copyright, text and data mining, technology and provide services which support Open Science. Provide a data protection and FAIR data are discussed, reinforce the importance of Open certified repository. Create a data catalogue. Publish content with a Science and the need to adopt frameworks which give maximum access to machine-readable license. Use open APIs to provide access to library services. knowledge and resources. Develop intelligent tools to automate metadata production and support FAIR data management during the entire data life-cycle.

STRIVE to make everyone in your community, from students and researchers to COLLABORATE staff and partners, an Open Science advocate. Key to this is ensuring that the nationally and internationally to develop best practices which support Open principles of Open Science and FAIR Data are prominently and publicly Science, and to ensure that solutions are appropriately scaled to support the reflected in your library’s work. international research community. This can be done with other libraries and research organisations, through LIBER’s Working Groups9 and by participating in European projects.

SUPPORT promote and participate in international Open Science initiatives. These include the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC),5 Open Access Publishing 5 https://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/index. Platform projects and declarations such as the Declaration on Research cfm?pg=open-science-cloud 6 Assessment (DORA),6 the Hague Declaration7 and the Leiden Manifesto.8 https://sfdora.org 7 https://thehaguedeclaration.com 8 http://www.leidenmanifesto.org 9 http://libereurope.eu/working-groups 11 SEVEN FOCUS AREAS

Our Seven Focus Areas reflect the priori- ties highlighted by the Open Science Policy Scholarly Publishing Platform (OSPP), in its integrated advice for the European Commission and key stakeholders. Libraries need to work across all of these areas if they want to fully sup- FAIR Data port Open Science.

In the following section, we elaborate on the opportunities and challenges related Research Infrastructure & the EOSC to each of these areas and make specific recommendations for libraries who want to go further. Metrics & Rewards

Open Science Skills

Research Integrity

Citizen Science

12 13 FIVE PRINCIPLES confidential agreements paid for FOR OPEN ACCESS with public money in the form of non-disclosure agreements, as Scholarly NEGOTIATIONS recent developments have shown. 1. WITH PUBLISHERS Publishing 4. KEEP ACCESS SUSTAINABLE 1. LICENSING AND OPEN ACCESS To avoid putting more money in the Research-led universities have, for centuries, shared a common goal to publish the results of GO HAND-IN-HAND system, and to strengthen and to share these results widely. Open Science now allows new approaches to the The world of subscription deals Access, some libraries have given up publication of research and educational outputs which were previously unthinkable. Libraries and APC-deals are closely linked. their rights to perpetual access in have a unique opportunity to take the lead in this space. Nobody should pay for subscriptions license agreement. Perpetual access and pay APCs at the same time is, however, critical in a quickly- (‘double dipping’). Each new license changing publishing environment. OPPORTUNITIES & Access mandate is essential to supporting a agreed on should therefore contain Libraries must secure sustainable CHALLENGES transformational move to Open Science conditions about both sides of the access to content. dissemination and libraries can lead its crea- coin. Increased spending on APCs The core aim of Open Science is to open up tion. In addition, libraries should insist that should result in proportionately 5. USAGE REPORTS SHOULD the research and educational process, and such mandates form part of a wider institu- lower spending on subscription fees. INCLUDE OPEN ACCESS the outputs which are produced as a result. tional policy and strategy on Open Science. Although APC-buyouts are Open Access is key component of this tran- 2. NO OPEN ACCESS, becoming more common, reporting sition. However, it is still far from the the Libraries can also become direct facilitators NO PRICE INCREASE about Open Access is still rare. default publishing model and the European of knowledge creation, rather than simply There is enough money in the Just as libraries receive reports Commission’s goal of full Open Access for all curating it for access and long-term preser- system already. Libraries have paid about downloads and usage in the publicly-funded scientific publications by vation. University presses such as Stockholm annual price increases of up to subscription world, they should also 2020 seems ambitious. University Press12 and UCL Press13 are two 8% for years, supposedly to allow receive reports on Open Access examples of how this can be done. They publishers to innovate. A key feature publications. It is normal to receive LIBER’s Open Access Working Group10 has champion rigorous peer review, Open Access of innovation for the research insight into what we pay for. identified critical ways in which this gap and global dissemination, and they are based community is that research outputs can be addressed, including five principles in university libraries. are freely available. Therefore if which aim to guide libraries and consortia an agreement with publishers on as they shift from a reader — pays model By making themselves pivotal players in the Open Access cannot be reached in (subscription licensing) to an author — pays publishing landscape, libraries can help the our contracts, future price increases model based on Article Processing Charges academic community embrace Open Science should not be accepted. (APC).11 The principles emphasize trans- principles and directly support Open Science parency in negotiations, encourage model through the transition to Open Access. 3. TRANSPARENCY flipping and aim to sustain the scholarly FOR LICENSING DEALS: communication landscape for the benefit 10 http://libereurope.eu/strategy/innovative-scholarly- NO NON-DISCLOSURE of research and academia. communication/openaccess The practices of libraries should 11 van Otegem, M., Wennström, S., & Hormia-Poutanen, fully reflect their commitment to K. (2018). Five principles to navigate a bumpy golden More generally, libraries should ensure that road towards open access . Insights , 31, 16 . DOI: Open Access. Licensing agreements they are advocates for Open Science and http://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.403 should therefore be openly Open Access, and that certain foundations 12 https://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se available. Society will not accept are in place at their own institutions. An Open 13 http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ucl-press 14 15 RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Ensure an Open Science policy or Open Access mandate is in place at your institution, which requires researchers to make their publications digital, online without delays, free of charge, and free of most restrictions to reuse. 2. Directly champion Open Science by embracing a new role as a direct publisher of information. 3. Commit to following LIBER’s licensing principles for Open Access negotiations14 when negotiating with publishers. 4. Examine new models for journal delivery such as mega journals, a format popular with research funders. They are interdisciplinary and fully open. The Wellcome Open Research platform15 is one example. The European Commission is also actively working in this space.

14 https://libereurope.eu/blog/2017/09/07/open-access- five-principles-for-negotiations-with-publishers 15 https://wellcomeopenresearch.org

16 17 FAIR RECOMMENDATIONS 2. Data 1. Invest in staff with good data skills Open Science is underpinned by research data being Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and and train personnel to promote FAIR Reusable (FAIR). Transitioning to FAIR Data requires more awareness among the scientific principles to your organisation’s community, new tools and training – not to mention a significant change in research data researchers, students and technical staff. culture. Libraries can play an important supporting role in all of these areas, and they are backed 2. Work with your institution, research up in this work by the European Commission which is strongly committed to FAIR Data as an infrastructures and funders to make essential element of Open Science. the use of FAIR-compliant Output and Data Management Plans (OMPs/DMPs) mandatory. DMPs should be machine OPPORTUNITIES & actionable and support automated CHALLENGES WHAT IS FAIR? evaluation of project plans. 3. Develop and provide certified Libraries are enablers of Open Science. Findable. repositories and intelligent tools for They facilitate communication and ex- Accessible. researchers to support FAIR data change of data between researchers, IT Interoperable. management during the entire data life- service providers and research offices, and Reusable. cycle, from planning the research to data they are ideally placed to bridge the gap preservation and re-use. between researchers within an institution Together they make FAIR: a guiding 4. Automate as much as possible the and Open Science initiatives from the wider principle to facilitate knowledge metadata production and data national and international environment. discovery by assisting humans and management during the data life-cycle, machines in their discovery of, and incorporate the FAIR principles in Libraries can use this unique position to access to, integration and analysis of your own digital preservation practices kickstart an academic culture change which scientific data and their associated and policies. favours FAIR data and makes it the default algorithms and workflows. The FAIR 5. Advocate for copyright legislation which for research data. concept also embraces trust and supports FAIR data and encourages sustainability. techniques dependent on it, such as text Providing training and support to re- and data mining. searchers and students is one obvious step. FAIR data is not always open but it 6. Share best practices and case studies in Libraries can also work with technical staff should be as open as possible, or as the implementation of FAIR principles and the broader community to develop the closed as necessary. Even data which during the data life cycle, and advocate infrastructures and components needed to must be restricted for reasons such at your institution for guidelines such as support the FAIR Data ecosystem, such as as privacy can, and should, adhere to those in LIBER’s FAIR Data Factsheet.16 certified repositories, identifiers, metadata the FAIR principles. standards, vocabularies and ontologies. 16 Implementing FAIR Data Principles: The Role of Libraries. Available at https://libereurope.eu/wp- content/uploads/2017/12/LIBER-FAIR-Data.pdf

18 19 Research 3. Infrastructure RECOMMENDATIONS

& the EOSC 1. Link your institution’s strategies The European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) is an initiative of the European Commission to build and policies to the EOSC in order to the infrastructure required to support Open Science. The EOSC is still being shaped. Stakeholders maintain the highest possible standard from all quarters and two High Level Expert Groups (HLEG) have provided their views. Projects of data infrastructures offered at the such as EOSCpilot,17 EOSC-Hub,18 FREYA,19 and OpenAIRE-Advance20 are elements of the institutional level. EOSC Roadmap21 which has been endorsed by EU ministers. Research libraries have an impor- 2. Promote the EOSC to students, tant role to play in the EOSC because of their connections to researchers and EOSC stakeholders. researchers and other staff members as both a source of information and a place to publish research outputs, in addition OPPORTUNITIES & to institutional and national repositories. CHALLENGES 3. Advocate for your institution to embed infrastructure training into the curricula The EOSC will provide a one-stop-shop for being actively pursued by libraries. of students and doctoral students. finding, accessing and using research data Libraries will certainly have a critical role 4. Contribute to the ongoing development and services from multiple disciplines and to play in supporting the EOSC and, be- of the EOSC by offering feedback, platforms. It will be a major contribution cause they mediate between researchers either directly or through LIBER, and to Europe’s Open Science efforts and li- and EOSC service providers, they need to by sharing best practices which support braries should engage with it. Many LIBER be represented in the advisory layer of the Open Science. libraries are already doing so. EOSC Governance Framework.

Questions of how it will be governed and which services it will offer are currently being defined. Nevertheless, guiding state- ments can be found in the EOSC Declara- tion22— a document which provides the basis for stakeholder engagement in the EOSC.

LIBER’s endorsement of the Declaration 17 https://eoscpilot.eu in 201723 outlines numerous areas through 18 https://www.eosc-hub.eu which research libraries can align their 19 https://www.project-freya.eu 20 https://www.openaire.eu/advance activities with the EOSC. Many, such as a 21 https://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/pdf/ commitment to data culture and steward- swd_2018_83_f1_staff_working_paper_en.pdf ship and Open Access as a default form of 22 https://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/pdf/ publication, relate to well-established eosc_declaration.pdf principles of Open Science and are already 23 https://libereurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/ EOSC-Declaration.pdf

20 21 The first, Deciphering the Trees in the Forest: Recommendations for Research Metrics & Libraries in the Field of Scholarly Metrics,26 RECOMMENDATIONS 4. lists prioritized actions that libraries can Rewards take. A second paper provides a critical view of the Leiden Manifesto for Research 1. Endorse the San Francisco Declaration Traditional methods of assessing the outputs of scientific research must change if Open Science Metrics27 and gives advice for libraries who on Research Assessment (DORA) and is to thrive. Research should be assessed on its own merits, rather than the influence of the want to implement its principles. Both the Leiden Manifesto. journal in which it is published, and researchers should be evaluated on a broader set of schol- documents underline the fact that open 2. Collaborate with stakeholders to arly practices. Libraries can help by participating in the development and implementation of scholarly metrics is an arduous task that develop next-generation metrics which open scholarly metrics, and of indicators that embody Open Science values and account for requires increased awareness, new cultural focus on evidence-based quantitative Open Science practices, so that researchers are encouraged to embrace Open Science as a approaches and skills development, both and qualitative indicators for Open research paradigm. from researchers and librarians. Science. 3. Work with funding bodies and Also, of interest is the report of the OSPP institutional HR departments to OPPORTUNITIES & Working Group on Rewards.28 The report develop new methods of assessing and CHALLENGES recognizes that researchers are the key rewarding researchers in their careers, agent of change toward Open Science and in a way which supports Open Science. There is currently a bias towards the use Working with research communities, li- calls for harmonization practices between 4. Retain high standards, both ethical and of quantitative metrics, often based on braries should support the cause for open the recognition and reward systems with technical, when reporting metrics and inaccurate data and arbitrary indicators responsible metrics that facilitate the the basic aims of Open Science. According indicators for individual researchers. (e.g., h-index and ). This sig- transition to Open Science within their to the report, ‘science must go back to nificantly affects the career of researchers institutions, nationally and internationally. cooperative rather than competitive pro- and is one of the strongest barriers towards Practical advice for doing this is offered by cesses’. One proposal of the group is the the adoption of Open Science. Traditional LIBER’s Innovative Metrics Working Open Science Career Assessment Matrix metrics such as these do not encourage Group.25 It has published two documents. (OS-CAM) that develops a comprehensive researchers to practice Open Science or approach to evaluating researchers. It both to cultivate more open scholarly practices, enhances the range of metrics used to as- nor do they allow researchers to reveal sess research output and research behav- more about the Open Science principles iour in relation to Open Science and offers they might embrace and the role those a sophisticated evaluation system which principles played in their research. provides insight and direction to more appropriate rewards. From It. Digital Library Perspectives. Available at Openness and transparency should be the https://libereurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ default drivers for scholarly metrics, and DLP-Paper.pdf 28 for the development of related services 24 European Commission Expert Group on . Working Group on Rewards under Open Science. Next-generation metrics: Responsible metrics and 26 LIBER Innovative Metrics Working Group. Deciphering Evaluation of Research Careers fully acknowledging and tools. This is backed by the European evaluation for Open Science. Luxembourg: Publications The Trees in the Forest: Recommendations for Research Open Science Practices; Rewards, incentives and/or Commission’s Expert Group on Altmet- Office of the European Union, 2017. Available at Libraries in the Field of Scholarly Metrics. 2018. recognition for researchers practicing Open Science. rics,24 which concluded that ‘next genera- https://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/pdf/report. Available at DOI: 10.5281/.1289831 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European tion metrics should be underpinned by an pdf 27 Coombs, S. K., & Peters, I. (2017). The Leiden Union, 2017. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/research/ open, transparent and infra- 25 https://libereurope.eu/strategy/innovative-scholarly- Manifesto Under Review: What Libraries Can Learn openscience/pdf/os_rewards_wgreport_final.pdf communication/metrics structure’. 22 23 In addition, libraries should look to partner with European projects such as FOSTER31 Open Science to share best practices and content on an RECOMMENDATIONS 5. international scale, and should consult the Skills outputs of former projects such as LEARN.32 There may also be opportunities to par- 1. Coordinate with other partners to For Open Science to become the de-facto mode of conducting research and scholarship in ticipate in more local efforts, such as train- provide a multidisciplinary one-stop- Europe, researchers need disciplinary — specific skills and broader cross — disciplinary capa- the-trainer workshops. shop for researchers to support them in bilities. It is therefore crucial to integrate Open Science training in curricula for students, starting Open Science workflows in every stage at the bachelor level, and libraries should play a key role in this. of the research process. 2. Incorporate Open Science skills in the academic training programmes of OPPORTUNITIES & 3. Skills and expertise to act in and beyond students. CHALLENGES their own scholarly and disciplinary com- 3. Provide innovative digital training munity. Open Science skills enabling pro- materials and courses to support (and fessional research conduct which include monitor) skills development. Research Libraries have a long track record research management skills; research 4. Build on your library’s expertise in of offering training, both to individual re- integrity and ethics skills; legal skills. areas such as metadata catalogues, searchers and scholars and in collaboration 4. Skills and expertise resulting from a persistent identifiers and ontologies to with departments and labs across their general and broad concept of Citizen organise relevant new skills, expertise institutions. Open Science is an opportu- Science, where researchers interact with and competencies in the different areas nity to strengthen that role as researchers the general public to enhance the impact of Open Science in order to develop search for guidance on new ways of of science and research. the optimal Open Science support working and techniques. infrastructure. It is not only researchers who need help The Report from the European Commis- coping with topics such as electronic re- sion’s Open Science Skills Working Group29 source management and text and data suggests four areas on which to focus: mining. Library staff also need training in these areas so that they can better meet 1. Skills and expertise necessary for open the needs of library users. LIBER’s working access publishing. Library and research group on Digital Skills for Library Staff & information skills (technical/library re- Researchers30 is developing an educational search support); open publication lit- programme to help with this. eracy skills (research user level). 2. Skills and expertise regarding research data and open access, data production, 29 Open Science Skills Working Group Report. Providing management, analysis/use/reuse, dis- researchers with the skills and competencies they need semination and a change of paradigm to practise Open Science. Luxembourg: Publications from ‘protected data by default’ to ‘open Office of the European Union, 2017. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/pdf/os_skills_ data by default’. Technical skills, in par- 31 wgreport_final.pdf https://www.fosteropenscience.eu ticular, data engineering, data science 32 30 https://libereurope.eu/strategy/digital-skills-services/ http://learn-rdm.eu and data management skills. digitalskills 24 25 Research RECOMMENDATIONS 6. integrity 1. Participate in establishing Codes Continued public trust in science is fundamental to securing unhindered support to publicly of Conduct for Research Integrity funded research, as well as to a broader appreciation of science and ultimately to support the within your institution. These codes prosperity of modern democracy. High standards of research integrity, ethics and conduct are should align with core principles of therefore essential aspects of practicing research in general and hence of practicing Open Science. Open Science, such as openness, transparency and accountability in all aspects of research. OPPORTUNITIES & Libraries are ethically, legally and compe- 2. Train researchers about the legal CHALLENGES tently well positioned to do all of these and ethical aspects of scholarly things, in tight collaboration with relevant communication, scholarly publishing, Increased focus on the societal impact of research communities. Additionally, li- information competencies, copyright, research, as well as high profile cases in braries can provide the technical infra- data management and Open Science. the media focusing on malpractice, fraud, structures to support research integrity in 3. Provide services to counter malpractice plagiarism and misconduct, have led to the terms of systems for keeping, accessing and questionable conduct of research, development of national and international and publishing research outputs. such as counter-plagiarism services and codes of conduct to further research in- publication strategy tools. tegrity. However, details and tradition in research practices differ across disciplines. Generic codes and policies related to re- search integrity can lose impact when applied to a more specific daily practice or problem.

Libraries have a key role in supporting research integrity. They can fight against fake and predatory publishers. They can ensure that their institution has appro- priate policies in place, and they can pro- vide services related to copyright and IPR. They can investigate plagiarism and they can offer training: facilitating, guiding and educating young researchers about the rules and tools needed to conduct research according to the highest standards.

26 27 Citizen RECOMMENDATIONS 7. Science 1. Promote the library as an active 4. Develop the necessary skills to be a Citizen Science, or the participation of the general public in the scientific research process, is partner in Citizen Science and develop strong and active partner in Citizen an important element in establishing new links between science and society. It is thus essential the necessary infrastructure to Science, including skills in the areas of to implementing Open Science, can contribute to innovation tailored to the needs of society, effectively support public researchers scientific communication, information lead to reciprocal learning and foster a scientific culture across society as a whole. in their work. technologies and project management. 2. Use the library’s role as an organising These skills should be attained not and managing body to ensure that only internally in libraries but in OPPORTUNITIES & responsible conduct and good collaboration with researchers and the CHALLENGES scholarly practice are respected when public. participating in Citizen Science. Citizen Science is booming around the They relate to the handling and keeping of 3. Develop a set of guidelines including world but the degree to which it is open research data and metadata, as well as the methodologies and policies for Citizen varies greatly, as does formal support for facilitation, organisation and documenta- Science activities involving the library. Citizen Science across disciplines, organi- tion, skills and outreach needed for Citizen zations and countries. Science.

Since both Open Science and Citizen Sci- Citizen Science is an integrated part of the ence facilitate and encourage broad par- European Commission’s Open Science ticipation in science and research, they are Strategy, to be implemented through the mutually beneficial. Open Science Policy Platform and the European Open Science Cloud. As champions of Open Science, it is there- fore relevant and necessary that national and research libraries assist if not lead in lifting the potential of Citizen Science. The possibilities for libraries to do this are seemingly endless.

28 29 WHO TO CONTACT

LIBER Office Digital Skills for Library Staff & Researchers [email protected] Susanne Dalsgaard Krag [email protected] LOOKING EU Open Science Projects Officer Cécile Swiatek [email protected] Valentino Cavalli [email protected] Innovative Metrics Giannis Tsakonas [email protected] Leadership Working Groups FORWARD Architecture Hilde van Kiel [email protected] Sylvia van Peteghem Linked [email protected] Matias Frosterus [email protected] Copyright & Legal Matters Open Access Friedel Grant [email protected] Matthijs van Otegem [email protected] Digital Humanities & Lluís Anglada [email protected] Digital Cultural Heritage Research Data Management Lotte Wilms [email protected] Birgit Schmidt [email protected] With this Open Science Roadmap, LIBER of these groups and to get involved. Par- Dr Andreas Degkwitz Rob Grim [email protected] aims to emphasise the importance of Open ticipating in a Working Group is a won- [email protected] Science for the research library community, derful way to exchange experiences and and to outline the areas and ways in which challenges with your professional peers, libraries can make a difference. while at the same time making a valuable contribution to the wider research library LIBER’s work does not, however, end with community. this Roadmap. Libraries who want to do more with Open Science can rely on LIBER LIBER’s office and Executive Board will also for support. continue to work Open Science into all of LIBER’s activities, and will collaborate with Our Working Groups are actively ad- other research organisations to advance vancing Open Science. Staff in LIBER li- Open Science. If you have an idea, sugges- braries are invited to follow the progress tion or question, please share it with us.

30 31 · Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · National Library of Finland · Ruder Bošković Institute Library · Spanish National Research Council OPEN · Svetozar Markovic University Library · University of Barcelona · University College London SCIENCE · University Library of Southern Denmark CHAMPIONS

Many LIBER libraries are already actively promoting Open Science and integrating it in their services and strategies. While writing this Roadmap, LIBER invited its libraries to expand on their Open Science activities and experiences. The following libraries volunteered to share their story.

32 33 Karlsruhe Institute . of Technology Karlsruhe, Germany — kit.edu

Open Science in the sense of ‘open as de- The service team helps researchers at KIT Although cooperation can be challenging, fault or as open as possible’ is the leading with their data management plans, pro- it is the key to success. Make sure that you paradigm of science. Karlsruhe Institute vides advice on suitable data repositories are working together with all the units, of Technology (KIT) Library follows this (re3data38) and offers institutional services offices and departments at your institution. paradigm by offering information infra- to store and share research data. In addition, it is important to create an structure and comprehensive services to internal willingness inside your library to support both the research and publication Together with the House of Competence support the whole publication and research process for all scientists at the KIT. at KIT, KIT Library offers a wide variety of process at your institution. training courses, lectures and seminars to KIT takes a multifaceted but complementary all aspects of Open Access, publishing, Frank Scholze, Director of Library Services, strategy to Open Science and KIT Library research data management or good scien- [email protected] has long supported Open Access to publica- tific practice. KIT Library is currently pre- tions as an essential part of that strategy. paring a project proposal to enhance online We not only have an institutional Open and hybrid courses on data literacy. Access policy but have also signed the Berlin Declaration33 and in 2011 we were the first It is one of the strategic concepts of KIT li- German academic institution to sign the brary to work in internal and external col- Compact for Open Access Publishing Equity laborations in the field of Open Science. It is (COPE).34 KIT has been running a central sometimes challenging to convince possible publication fund since then. KIT is one of partners of the mutual benefits of this col- the first signatories of the Hague Declara- laboration. It can help to be the first mover tion35 and has been instrumental in pub- and to be the first to give something without lishing the Open Access policy of the Helm- demanding an immediate equivalent. holtz Association,36 one of the large research organizations in Germany.

KIT Library has operated an for publications since 1997. A repository for audio and video files fol- lowed in 2000. Together with the com- puting center and the research office at KIT, KIT Library forms the service team for 33 https://openaccess.mpg.de/Berlin-Declaration 37 research data management. 34 http://www.oacompact.org 35 https://thehaguedeclaration.com 36 https://www.helmholtz.de 37 https://www.rdm.kit.edu 38 https://www.re3data.org

34 35 National Library of Finland Helsinki, Finland — nationallibrary.fi

Finland wants to be one of the leading Metadata, persistent identifiers, develop- Be patient as you develop new services. countries in openness of science and re- ment of standards and ontologies form an Openness is about culture change which search. As the National Library, we want important basis for FAIR Data and Open always takes time. Before we could open to contribute to that aim. Science services as a whole. In addition to the metadata (CC0) of our catalogues, for FAIR, sustainability is also crucial. Meta- example, we had to discuss extensively Our strategy focuses on digital and open data plays an important role in long term with the memory organisations in the services, and on developing digital research preservation. Our library has been a key country and with vendors. This took a environments. This forms a good founda- player in developing services, practices and couple of years. Openness can also mean tion from which to advocate for and imple- providing training in this field. loss in income. A clear strategy or policy ment Open Science services. We believe helps to overcome the barriers. openness builds trust, boosts collaboration Open services and platforms provide a and enables integration of platforms, ser- good basis for further development. Im- Kristiina Hormia-Poutanen, Director vices and people. plementing machine learning and artificial of National Library Network Services, intelligence into the services to develop [email protected] Much of our work revolves around the automated processes, automated indexing development of services for researchers, and intelligent search possibilities are cur- especially in the humanities and social rently on our agenda fields. Digital Humanities is a key focus for us and we have carried out several The possibilities to get involved with Open projects in this area, together with re- Science are endless and every library can searchers. These have increased our knowl- contribute to its development. A good way edge regarding the needs of researchers to get started is by sharing case studies as well as what kind of skills are needed at and best practices with colleagues. At our the library. library, a key step was to hold brainstorming sessions with colleagues from different The National Library of Finland is also a professional backgrounds. Some are ex- national service provider for higher educa- perts in collections or digital humanities, tion institutions and other public sector others in metadata or IT issues. organisations. We have integrated open- ness into the services we provide and de- velop. These include national licensing (FinELib39), a discovery service (Finna40), 39 https://www.kansalliskirjasto.fi/en/services/licensing- and the development of metadata and services/finelib standards, ontology and interoperability 40 https://www.finna.fi services as well as institutional repository services.

36 37 Ruđer Bošković Institute Library Zagreb, Croatia — lib.irb.hr

According , the opposite of supports more than 120 repositories. Ultimately, openness is not an option. It open isn’t closed. The opposite of open is These are but a few of the many ways in goes to the heart of every academic and broken. We agree that ‘closed science’ is which we’ve worked to make research in research library. Raising awareness of the ‘broken science’. As the biggest research Croatia as transparent as possible. importance of Open Science is sometimes library in Croatia (nine librarians and three not easy but Open Science is the best pos- IT specialists), it’s our duty to support re- The most important message I can share sible direction and, I believe, the only pos- searchers: at our Institute and nationally. is that lack of resources should never be sible direction. That’s why we have been working hard on an excuse to avoid working on and pro- the Open Science agenda for over 20 years. moting openness at all levels and all stages Jadranka Stojanovski, Research Librarian, Limited resources have helped us to see of the research process. We are still strug- [email protected] that the main role of the library shouldn’t gling with limited human and other re- be the acquisition of (very expensive) re- sources in our library, lack of Government sources but rather the collection, organisa- support and poor awareness in the re- tion and storage of knowledge created in search community but despite this we our environment. This knowledge must be believe that together we can make Open open to the world, and collaboration has Science the reality. been key to making this happen. If this is your situation, reach out on a na- Our first collaborative project in the mid tional and international scale. We bring 1990s was a joint effort with more than the Open Science community in Croatia 120 Croatian academic and research li- together with foreign colleagues every year braries to open their collections and ser- by organizing the PUBMET Conference on vices. In 1997 we created the Croatian scholarly publishing in the context of Open Scientific Bibliography (CROSBI41), which Science,43 and we joined the EU-funded serves as a national repository and contains OpenAIRE project. This was a huge encour- data on 520,000 publications, many of agement for us. which are accompanied by Open Access full-texts.

We also worked with the University of Zagreb Computing Centre (SRCE) to launch HRCAK,42 the repository of Croatian sci- entific journals including more than 450 Open Access journals, and we helped create a common national infrastructure 41 https://www.bib.irb.hr for institutional repositories which now 42 https://hrcak.srce.hr 43 http://pubmet.unizd.hr

38 39 Spanish National Research Council Madrid, Spain — csic.es

Research libraries and their staff have We have huge demand for data-related No matter how challenging it is to set up traditionally played a fundamental role in services so we offer training for researchers new services, in the end it always pays enabling access to research resources. and technical staff, DOI minting, support back. There is a real need among re- They have a wealth of experience related to manage research data throughout the searchers to focus on these new services to managing large volumes of scientific cycle and help complying with the Open that, let’s not forget, at the end of the day information and building research infra- Data policies of journals and funders. deal with managing and enabling access structures, developing bibliometric ser- to information — the very task of libraries. vices, and about international scientific Last but not least, we’re testing innovative publishing, business models and work services such as . We Isabel Bernal, Manager of the DIGITAL. ‘behind the scenes’. feel that the very concept of ‘Open Peer CSIC repository, [email protected] Review’ is much more known and accepted Sitting on this legacy, research libraries are today than 2-3 years ago and that open well positioned to play a leading role in peer review practices may go well beyond current transformations and it’s a great traditional research outputs. opportunity for them to remain relevant in the eyes of institutional policymakers Evolving is essential if we are to remain and scientists. meaningful and continue adding value in the eyes of the institutional community. For all these reasons, Open Access — and Equally, it’s important to remember that it increasingly Open Science — has become takes time to consolidate new services and a main pillar on the agenda of CSIC li- get new messages across. The scholarly braries. Our Unit of Information Resources communication landscape is full of hot for Research (URICI) delivers training to a debates, resources, players, business whole community of institutional libraries models, tools and infrastructures, and of and our Open Access repository DIGITAL. course vested interests. It’s easy to get CSIC44 has more than 155,000 items. sidetracked.

Our repository doesn’t simply enable Open Every time we open a new service on the Access. It also features tools to help re- repository, it sparks a significant learning searchers comply with Open Access man- curve. Upgrading skills in an innovative and dates and promote Open Data. diverse field like this is not trivial, especially considering that libraries often suffer staff shortages.

44 https://digital.csic.es

40 41 Svetozar Markovic University Library Belgrade, Serbia — unilib.rs

We are investing in Open Science because tional repository which we launched in it is the right thing to do in the post-truth 2012, or they may be public ones as Ze- world in which we live. Openness is based nodo.45 That said, these tools are useless on accountability and transparency so that if there is no desire or obligation for the anyone can see, in an efficient and effective academic community to use them. The way, how the truth has been established adoption of an official university policy by scientific method. regarding Open Access and Open Science has therefore been equally important, as If there is no truth, libraries (and science) has advocacy and lobbying to engage librar- are no longer needed, so investing in Open ians, researchers and other interested Science is the top priority. This is not just parties. for development of academic libraries today but for their very existence and, in Anyone who wants to do more with Open the long run, for the existence of concepts Science first needs to understand why they close to the hearts of librarians such as are doing it. If you realize that it is your job, human rights, equal opportunities and your institution and your world that is at freedom of speech. stake in the long run, you will probably do a good job of fostering Open Science in At our library we have a two prong approach your community. Once this is established, to enabling Open Science. We have very look for opportunities to work with like- limited resources but we use them to make minded people around you. Technology available as many tools and platforms as today is amazing and many resources are possible to give researchers options to pub- free to use so it is simply a matter of de- lish in Open Access. At the same time, we try ciding to make the step. If you need addi- to influence the academic community and tional inspiration and ideas in this area, Serbian society to adopt the ideology of Open please contact LIBER members that are Science. With their support, we can hopefully already engaged and doing great things gain more resources to be invested in the with Open Science. implementation of tools, platforms and training for Open Science. Adam Sofronijevic, Deputy Director, [email protected] One of our most important actions has been to provide concrete tools for Open Access publishing. If this is not available, there is no basis to build on. These tools may be custom built, such as the organiza- 45 https://zenodo.org

42 43 University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain — ub.edu

Soon Open Science will be simply known Policies requiring openness have also be- as science, research or scholarship. We come a driving force to change researcher have always supported researchers in their behaviour. Now researchers are chasing activities and therefore it’s logical that we librarians to get their papers in the re- support Open Science. pository instead of being chased by us.

At the University of Barcelona, we imple- My advice to other libraries is to make sure ment Open Science in different ways. We that you are working together with all the have been supporting Open Access for many units, offices and departments that provide years by managing the institutional reposi- support to researchers. The change to tory and dealing with publishing policies Open Access cannot be carried out by the and copyright issues. We are also managing library alone. A second tip is to design a a fund for Open Access publications aimed plan which acknowledges what has already at supporting our own researchers when been done, identifies future working areas they choose this road. Moreover, the library with priorities and sets indicators to manages a portal of institutional journals measure success. giving advice on publishing and on open access topics. We help researchers with Ignasi Labastida, Head of the Research their data management plans, provide a Support Unit, CRAI Library, University of repository to share their data and develop Barcelona, [email protected] training sessions at all levels so that we can raise Open Science awareness across the community. Finally, we are leading the creation of a committee devoted to imple- menting Open Science practices and prin- ciples across the university.

Of all our activities, our regular training sessions dedicated to research are espe- cially appreciated. We engage young re- searchers by means of dedicated seminars and show them how to use tools like un- .46 This helps researchers to under- stand that a few minutes dedicated to uploading a paper could increase signifi- cantly its visibility. 46 https://unpaywall.org

44 45 University College London London, United Kingdom — ucl.ac.uk

For University College London (UCL), Open is deposited there? Do researchers under- Science represents a culture change in the stand the enhanced visibility and citation way research, teaching and learning are advantage that Open Access delivers? done and how universities share their outputs with an engaged society outside Second, the Library can offer training and academia. At UCL Library Services, we advocacy for research data management. support our institution’s Mission and Vision The outputs of the EU-funded LEARN and we’re including explicit Open Science project47 offer a good starting point for actions in our new library strategy. policy development, best practice case studies and monitoring for the uptake of As head of service at UCL Library Services, I RDM activity across the institution. work at an institutional level to introduce Open Science practices across the organiza- Of course, there are a number of challenges tion and I chair our Open Science Policy Plat- in developing Open Science approaches at form, which oversees work in all eight pillars institutional level. Cost is one of them. Es- of the Commission’s Open Science agenda. tablishing new systems or platforms, and equipping staff with new skill sets, comes We have a particularly strong offering in Open at a price. UCL has tackled this by building Access options, including UCL Press which is strategic initiatives into annual budget cy- the UK’s first fully Open Access University cles and by using existing funding to deliver Press. There is a new Research Data Manage- new approaches. Perhaps the most de- ment Team in the Library, which supports RDM manding challenge is the need for cultural activity and training across the institution. At change. The Open Science Roadmap pro- a policy level, the Library has successfully had duced by LERU (League of European Re- openness recognized as a core criterion for search Universities)48 suggests that cultural promotion in the new UCL academic promo- change is a key element in the move to Open tions framework. We’ve also written the new Science and that such change is needed UCL Policy based on Open Sci- amongst all stakeholders to deliver Open ence principles. Science solutions. It is a compelling vision.

For libraries who want to strengthen Open Paul Ayris, Pro-Vice-Provost Science in their institutions, it’s good to [email protected] start by looking at Open Access to publica- tions. First, does the Library run an insti- 47 http://learn-rdm.eu tutional Open Access repository? How 48 Open Science and its role in universities: a roadmap much of the University’s research output for cultural change, 2018. Available at https://www. leru.org/publications/open-science-and-its-role-in- universities-a-roadmap-for-cultural-change 46 47 University Library of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark — sdu.dk

Our library is actively pursuing the Open Sci- ments with Open Access publishers. For ence agenda. Every library needs to continu- citizen scientists, we facilitate and support ally develop and there is increasing demand research projects in collaboration with for Open Science related services and support faculties, university administration and from researchers, research management and external media partners. other university research support units that need to demonstrate societal impact and Beside the services, the library runs the comply with national and funding policies. Open Science implementation project on all faculties on behalf of the university. Due to our research information and man- agement competencies, and our strategic Beyond the needs of our own institution, we position as a bridge between administration have been strongly motivated by the Open and Research & Development, the library Access and Open Science requirements of is ideally suited to host several research funders, Denmark’s national government and support services related to Open Science. the European Union. The universities’ steps We are positioned at arm’s length from both towards implementing the EU General Data legal and political perspectives. At the same Protection Act have also driven us to act. Open time, we are recognized by both administra- Science advocates among researchers are tion and research environments as a trust- also influential. Researchers are core users of worthy and competent partner. the libraries services and it goes without saying that we need to respond to their needs. Our activities are numerous. We helped create an Open Science policy for the I would advise other libraries to engage with university and we offer many Open Science researchers, research communities and seek services. Training is a major focus. We offer external partnerships. The library can work support for Research Data Management together with researchers to draft local poli- planning through a central unit and give cies and guidelines for individual research PhD students in all faculties training on areas. It’s also critical to develop and tailor responsible conduct of research including library research support services in collabora- data management and open access. tion with legal, IT and faculty partners. These services should allow the implementation of In addition, we run a central research reg- local policies and guidelines, and support istration unit. It populates the university changing practices and new possibilities. repository with Open Access full text documents. We operate an Open Access Bertil Dorch, Library Director, APC fund and maintain institutional agree- [email protected]

48 49 Acknowledgements Credits

This Open Science Roadmap is Iryna Kuchma P. 2, 13, 30, 48, 50 — LILLIAD Learning Centre Innovation, Atmosphère Photo the result of contributions from John MacColl P. 17, 21 — Cantonal and University Library of Lausanne across the LIBER community. Agnès Ponsati Obiols P. 19 — Lilian Fernández Hall Simone Sacchi P. 27, 33 — Göttingen State and University Library Thank you to everyone who took the Frank Scholze P. 29 — University of Tartu Library time to help with its development. Birgit Schmidt P. 35 — David M. Anja Smit P. 37 — National Library of Finland Paul Ayris Adam Sofronijevic P. 39 — Ruder Bošković Institute Isabel Bernal Jadranka Stojanovski P. 41 — Spanish National Research Council Valentino Cavalli Martin Svoboda P. 43 — Friedel Grant Bertil Dorch Giannis Tsakonas P. 45 — University of Barcelona Library Jeannette Frey Matthijs van Otegem P. 47 — UCL Library Services Friedel Grant Astrid Verheusen P. 49 — University of Southern Denmark Martin Hallik Andris Vilks Kristiina Hormia-Poutanen Wilhelm Widmark This publication is is distributed under the terms of the Ignasi Labastida Wolfram Horstmann Attribution 4.0 International Public License, which permits any use, distribution and reproduction, as long as the original author(s) and source are credited. 50 51