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Database Design UTILISATION OF ICT IN HEALTHCARE CENTRE TO SUPPORT HIV/AIDS FLOW OF INFORMATION AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN KHAYELITSHA By SIYAMTHANDA LUTHANDO MATONDOLO Research Thesis Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY in INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Supervisor: Dr.Retha De La Harpe (Faculty of Information and Design) December 2012 DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this dissertation submitted for the degree Magister Technologiae at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, is my own original unaided work, except where stated otherwise. It has not previously in its entirety or in part been submitted to any other institution for a degree. I further declare that all sources cited or quoted are indicated or acknowledged by means of a comprehensive list of references. Signature………………………………...................... Siyamthanda Luthando Matondolo Date……16..../……August.…../…2012………. ii Copyright Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2010 SYNOPSIS This research is an attempt to investigate the utilisation of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in Healthcare to support the flow of HIV/AIDS patient’s general information in public and private sector. Furthermore, the research examines the detail flow of database information for healthcare service delivery to patients, in particular HIV/AIDS patients, in Khayelitsha Township. Finally, the research will detail the types of technologies currently being utilised to transfer this information, technology utilised for capturing or data collection profile of the patient. The research study data collecting was done in 2009 in mostly private and public healthcare centre in Khayelitsha township. First, the study will concentrate on general utilisation of ICT in healthcare service delivery and flow of information for public and private sector healthcare centres. Additionally, the research also looks at NGOs such as HIV/AIDS Unit in Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) and Treament Action Campaign (TAC) to find out what ICT equipment is being utilised to transfer this information to adult people to inform and make them to be aware of HIV/AIDS and improve healthcare service delivery to patients and particularly to HIV/AIDS patients. Taking NGO’s such as TAC and CPUT HIV/AIDS Unit that are well informed about HIV/AIDS, nationally and internationally will make our research results to be more precise. The research will also look at the utilisation of ICT in flow of information at healthcare centre such as communication between healthcare providers such as receptionist/clerk, nurses, doctors and medical researchers since they are the first people who deal with HIV/AIDS patient cases when they come for healthcare provision. The research literature will also do comparative study from developing, developed and BRICS countries, comparing their utilisation of ICT, service delivery and their information flow of healthcare communication among healthcare providers and healthcare providers to patients. This study is important for ICT equipment technology that is utilised currently and in future for transfer information, treatment and prevention purposes of HIV/AIDS and enhanced investment by government on ICT utilisation and flow of information. iii Understanding the utilisation of information and communication technology (ICT) in healthcare centre ‘public’ and ‘private’ sectors in Khayelitsha, is important in the South African context and global information society. It is not clear how ICT is being utilised and deployed to enhance and support healthcare centre in the flow of information and service delivery to patients in general. Healthcare providers and the South African government (Minister of Health) must be aware of ICT utilisation patterns because this may influence improvement of the service delivery to the patients in the future. This study thus seeks to investigate how ICT has been utilised in the service delivery of healthcare centre in Khayelitsha. This research follows a qualitative traditional approach and the following will be done: data collection, the target population will be defined, evaluation and interpretation of data collected from both participative observation. The survey conducted within the scope of research will be analysed in detail and interpreted. Two questionnaires were constructed and administered to healthcare providers and to patients. The first questionnaire sought to obtain healthcare provider perceptions on ICT utilisation, deployment and constraints in delivering healthcare services to patients. The second questionnaire aimed to obtain patients opinions on ICT utilisation and what they perceived important in improving healthcare services provided to them. The questionnaire also helped to determine the factors that influence the utilisation of ICT in the healthcare flow of information service delivery in Khayelitsha. Based on the literature reviewed and data collected from the survey, a healthcare landscape model was developed to depict healthcare centre service provision from healthcare providers to patients in ‘public’ and ‘private’ healthcare sectors in Khayelitsha. The health landscapes for Khayelitsha were developed to obtain a better understanding of the organisation of healthcare service sector and ICT health service provision in Khayelitsha Township. iv DEDICATION This thesis is dedication to my family: my mom (Nikiwe Gloria Mengcane), my siblings (Yandisa Cele, Mkhululi Matondolo and Mzwamadoda Matondolo) and friend (Sapho Ntanjana) for their loyal support and encouragement during the years of my research study. To all the people who are affected direct or indirect by human immune deficient virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and tuberculosis (TB) in Khayelitsha and rest of the world. To my lovely and beautiful fiance Pholosho Mmnare Mildred Malebana, thanks Babes for you love and support thank God for blessing me with you indeed. To the late Professor Vesper Owei may your soul RIP. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am sincerely grateful to God for sustaining me till this far and the following persons for their contribution towards the successful completion of this research study: The Holy Spirit for his guidance and sustaining my life during this whole research, (without Him I wouldn’t have done this). To my family: (mother: Nikiwe Gloria Mengcane, brothers: Mkhululi & Mzwamadoda Matondolo and my cousin sister: Yandiswa Cele) for praying, always giving support when I felt down and their moral support. To my fiance (Pholosho Mildred Malebana thanks Babes for you love, support and prayers. Furthermore, I owe special thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Retha De La Harpe for her guidance, patience, gentle manner and understanding. Late Professor Owei, for helping with the understanding and analysis of my topic in the beginning. The Cape Peninsula University of Technology for bursary for financial assistance on my Master’s studies. To all my friends (Sapho Ntanjana) for emotional support, prayers and understanding. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................... 12 1.OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH ................................................................................ 12 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE RESEARCH ...................................................................... 12 1.2 SOUTH AFRICAN STATUS OF HIV/AIDS ................................................................ 14 1.3 SOUTH AFRICAN STATUS OF ICT UTILISATION .................................................... 16 .................................................................................................................................. 17 1.4 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM ......................................................... 17 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION (HYPOTHESIS), SUB-QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVES .......... 18 1.6 THE RESEARCH PROCESS ..................................................................................... 20 1.7 RESEARCH DESIGN .............................................................................................. 20 1.7.1 ‘Qualitative’ or ‘Phenomenological’ research .................................................. 20 1.8 DATA COLLECTION DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY .............................................. 21 1.9 ETHICS ................................................................................................................. 22 1.10 DELINEATION OF THE STUDY ............................................................................ 23 1.11 CONTRIBUTION OF THE RESEARCH ................................................................... 23 1.12 CHAPTERS AND CONTENT ANALYSIS ................................................................. 24 CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................... 27 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................. 27 2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 27 2.2 HEALTHCARE SERVICES ....................................................................................... 28 2.2.1 Global Healthcare Services ..............................................................................
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