DOCSLIB.ORG

Water Scarcity and Water Use

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Water Scarcity and Water Use SOCIAL WATER SCARCITY AND WATER USE Report to the Water Research Commission by Barbara Nompumelelo Tapela African Centre for Water Research (ACWR) WRC Report No. 1940/1/11 ISBN 978-1-4312-0178-5 February 2012 Obtainable from Water Research Commission Private Bag X03 Gezina, 0031 [email protected] or download from www.wrc.org.za DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. © WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A working definition by this report is that ‘social’ scarcity of water refers to a social construct of ‘resource management’, which is determined by political, economic and social power dynamics underpinning the institutions that provide structure to social relations, security of access to bases of social power and productive wealth, and stability to the social organization of human societies. Since secure access to water is an integral part of people’s multi-faceted livelihoods, manifestations of social water scarcity become most evident at the micro-levels of social organization namely, communities and households at the local level. People at these micro-levels often perceive social water scarcity to be inadequacy of the quality and quantity of available water to meet their multiple-use requirements, which affects their capabilities to secure and enhance existing livelihood asset ‘portfolios’ against vulnerability to risks and hazards within their given contexts. As such, narratives over social water scarcity often allude to people’s unmet expectations for water services, on the one hand, and ‘wasteful’ water use, on the other hand. By contrast, narratives over social water security are often closely linked to narratives over livelihood sustainability. Such narratives are imbued with power dynamics underlying discourses over meanings and the structure of institutions governing social relations in organized society. The report surmises that local people are often aware of these power dynamics and therefore see social water scarcity as largely an end-product of dominance by the more powerful political, economic and social interests. The latter tend to define and dominate discourses over meaning, the structure of resource allocation and relations between themselves and water services institutions and institutional actors. Where such meanings, institutions and relations are perceived to be sub-optimal, local communities and households will exercise their agency to adopt a range of livelihood strategies to safeguard themselves against vulnerability to risks. They mobilize their individual and collective livelihood assets such as financial resources, human labour, social networks and socio- political platforms, to cope with water insecurity and/or to engage with institutions on the need for change. Outcomes of these coping and engagement strategies depend on, on one hand, capabilities entitlements and claim-making power of affected communities and households. On the other hand, such outcomes also depend on the ‘legitimacy’, ‘accountability’, ‘effectiveness’, ‘preparedness’ and ‘robustness’ of water services institutions. Chapter 2 presents a review of literature on water scarcity as well as linkages between multiple-use of water and water services planning. Particular attention is given to social dimensions of water scarcity and ‘water security’. Multiple-use of water is seen as resonant with people’s multi-faceted livelihoods. ‘Institutions’ are seen as a critical aspect of social water scarcity and water use at local community and household levels and, in essence, a key determinant of whether or not water security is attained at these levels. Chapter 3 presents a review of literature on the dynamics between water scarcity and socio- political stability. In light of a “paucity of theory” in the water sector to explain and predict iii the critical elements of social stability (Turton & Ohlsson, 1999), the review attempts to strengthen the rigour of analysis by cross-referencing South Africa-specific empirical and anecdotal evidence with theoretical works put forward by social and political scientists, such as Gurr (1970 in Gurr, 1985), Tilly (1977 in Gurr, 1985), Diener (1994), Deicbmann & Lall (2003) and Blanchflower & Oswald (2003). Ground-breaking theory-building efforts by South African scholarly works (Turton & Ohlsson, 1999; Ohlsson & Turton, 1999; Turton & Meissner, 2002; Turton, 2008) are also critiqued. The review finds that although the post-apartheid South African government has broadened access to water services by historically disadvantaged individuals (HDIs), many people living in informal urban and rural parts of the country still lack adequate and safe drinking water. Inequitable access to water has since 2004 become juxtaposed with an exponential increase in social protests. However, understandings on the extent to which water services issues contribute to protest action remain limited. Evidence also reveals a more complex interplay of causal factors, which at times contradicts the water “service delivery hypothesis”. The exponential increase in 2009 in the frequency of violent protests has raised questions over implications of rampant protest action on national socio-political stability. However, the extent to which protests indicate a trend towards socio-political instability remains subject to debate. This report points out that social protests and socio-political stability in the South African context should be seen in light of Section 17 of the national Constitution, which states that ‘everyone has the right, peacefully and unarmed, to assemble, to demonstrate, to picket and to present petitions’. Hence, although protests might appear to be an organized and consolidated expression of anger against government, they are also a manifestation of awareness by South African citizenry of the democratic right to freedom of expression. Chapter 4 presents empirical findings on people’s water sources, uses, adaptation and coping strategies, aspirations and expectations for service delivery. Such findings are cross- referenced, where possible, with findings on institutional responses vis-à-vis water services planning and implementation towards meeting people’s water access and use requirements. The chapter is based primarily on rapid appraisals of case studies in selected rural and urban ‘water scarce’ contexts namely, Sannieshof, Khayelitsha, Cala, Mbuzini and Muyexe. Findings from all five study sites suggest that, irrespective of socio-economic status, people in local communities and households expect government to provide ‘acceptable’ levels of water services. Findings also confirm and strengthen literature review findings that social water scarcity is closely linked to livelihoods. In urban informal settlements, such as those of Sannieshof in the North West Province, perception was generally that water scarcity and water use problems were largely due to institutional ineptitude, which left communities and households particularly vulnerable to risks associated with water contamination and pollution. Local responses to water insecurity, however, were mostly split along racial, socio-economic and political cleavages. By contrast, within urban informal settlements in Khayelitsha township of Cape Town, formalization and marginalization issues featured strongly in the linkage between water scarcity and societal expectations and/or aspirations for water services. A rift had developed between recently formalized property owners and neighbourhood informal dwellers, whereby the former no longer tolerated hitherto shared informal access (including “illegal” connections) to infrastructure within their property. The excluded were well-aware of iv constraints to water access imposed by servitudes that applied to the land they occupied, but nonetheless were aggrieved by perceptions of relative deprivation and marginalization. Such grievances were strongly linked to expectations and aspirations by mostly newly- settled migrants from the Eastern Cape. Findings from Khayelitsha were also that the linkage between water services and protests is largely mediated through the type of housing residents live in. The type of house – informal settlements and formal housing – is a good proxy for the level of service delivery. Formal houses tend to have internal or yard taps and toilets as well as electricity while informal settlements are generally lacking of toilets and electricity and rely on communal stand pipes for water supplies. It can be said that water scarcity, unsatisfactory delivery of services and dissatisfaction with governance all play important roles in the generation of protests in Khayelitsha. These variables interplay with other factors, such as poverty, inequality, unemployment, poor quality of life, perceptions of relative deprivation, rights-based struggles, power politics and unmet aspirations and expectations. Beyond the centre-stage of amplified grievances, rural people of Muyexe, Mbuzini and Cala (Chapter 4) continue to devise strategies to cope with long-protracted water scarcity and insecurity. Respondents often alluded to discrepancies between gendered water use requirements and institutional responses (and/or lack thereof). Expectations for water services delivery were linked to livelihood strategies and aspirations, while perceptions
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Advancing Transformative Justice? a Case Study of a Trade Union, Social Movement and NGO Network in South Africa
    Advancing transformative justice? A case study of a trade union, social movement and NGO network in South Africa Matthew Hamilton Evans PhD University of York Politics October 2013 Abstract Transitional justice mechanisms have largely focused upon individual violations of a narrow set of civil and political rights and the provision of legal and quasi-legal remedies, typically truth commissions, amnesties and prosecutions. In contrast, this thesis highlights the significance of structural violence in producing and reproducing violations of socio-economic rights. The thesis argues that there is a need to utilise a different toolkit, and a different understanding of human rights, to that typically employed in transitional justice in order to remedy structural violations of human rights such as these. A critique of the scope of existing models of transitional justice is put forward and the thesis sets out a definition of transformative justice as expanding upon and providing an alternative to the transitional justice mechanisms typically employed in post-conflict and post-authoritarian contexts. Focusing on a case study of a network of social movements, nongovernmental organisations and trade unions working on land and housing rights in South Africa, the thesis asks whether networks of this kind can advance transformative justice. In answering this question the thesis draws upon the idea of political responsibility as a means of analysing and assessing network action. The existing literature on political responsibilities and transnational advocacy networks is interrogated and adapted to the largely domestic case study network. Based on empirical research on the case study network and an analysis of its political responsibilities the thesis finds that networks of this kind can contribute to transformative justice.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REPORT APRIL 2013–MARCH 2014 Vision: the Creation of Sustainable Human Settlements Through Development Processes Which Enable Human Rights, Dignity and Equity
    ANNUAL REPORT APRIL 2013–MARCH 2014 Vision: The creation of sustainable human settlements through development processes which enable human rights, dignity and equity. Mission: To create, implement and support opportunities for community-centred settlement development and to advocate for and foster a pro-poor policy environment which addresses economic, social and spatial imbalances. Umzomhle (Nyanga), Mncediisi Masakhane, RR Section, Participatory Action Planning CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ANC African National Congress KCT Khayelitsha Community Trust BESG Built Environment Support Group KDF Khayelitsha Development Forum Abbreviations 2 BfW Brot für die Welt KHP Khayelitsha Housing Project CBO Community-Based Organisation KHSF Khayelitsha Human Settlements Our team 3 CLP Community Leadership Programme Forum Board of Directors 4 CoCT City of Cape Town (Metropolitan) LED Local economic development Chairperson’s report 5 CORC Community Organisation Resource LRC Legal Resources Centre Centre MIT Massachusetts Institute of Executive Director’s report 6 CBP Capacity-Building Programme Technology From vision to strategy 9 CPUT Cape Peninsula University of NDHS National Department of Human Technology Settlements Affordable housing and human settlements 15 CSO Civil Society Organisation NGO Non-Governmental Organisation Building capacity in the urban sector 20 CTP Cape Town Partnership NDP National Development Plan Partnerships 23 DA Democratic Alliance NUSP National Upgrading Support DAG Development Action Group Programme Institutional change 25 DPU
    [Show full text]
  • An Afro-Centric Missional Perspective on the History
    LEADING TOWARD MISSIONAL CHANGE: AN AFRO-CENTRIC MISSIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICAN BAPTISTS Desmond Henry Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree PHILOSPHIAE DOCTOR In the Faculty of Theology Department Science of Religion and Missiology University of Pretoria Supervisor: Prof C.J.P. Niemandt December 2012 © University of Pretoria STUDENT NUMBER: 28509405 I declare that “Leading toward missional change: an Afro-centric missional perspective on the history of South African Baptists” is my own work and that all sources cited herein have been acknowledged by means of complete references. __________________ _____________________ Signature Date D. Henry 2 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Name of figure Page 1. Sources used 23 2. Leading toward missional change 25 3. DRC waves of mission 66 4. BUSA waves of mission 67 5. Relooking Africa’s importance 90 6. Percentage Christian in 1910 116 7. Numbers of Christians in 2012 and the shift of 116 gravity in the 8. Barrett’s stats 121 9. Religion by global adherents, 1910 and 2010 122 10. Religions by continent, 2000 and 2010 123 11. Percentage majority religion by province in 2010 124 12. Jenkin’s stats 1 129 13. Jenkin’s stats 2 129 14. Christian growth by country, 1910- 2010 131 15. Christian growth by country, 2000- 2010 131 16. Majority religion by country, 2050 132 17. Global religious change, 2010- 2050 133 18. Religious adherence and growth, 2010- 2050 135 19. Cole Church 3.0 139 20. Marketplace needs Forgood.co.za 2012 170 21. Largest cities in 1910 180 22.
    [Show full text]
  • Citizen Participation and Water Services Delivery in Khayelitsha, Cape Town Submitted by Ndodana Nleya in Fulfilment of the Requ
    Citizen participation and water services delivery in Khayelitsha, Cape Town Submitted by Ndodana Nleya In fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD School of Government University of the Western Cape September 2011 Supervisor: Prof L Thompson Financial Assistance from the UWC/VLIR Prestige Scholarship is hereby acknowledged Additional Funding from ACCEDE is also acknowledged i KEY WORDS Water services Service delivery Public participation Citizenship Public meetings Protests Khayelitsha Cape Town South Africa ii ABSTRACT This study analyses the relationship between the manner of citizens’ engagement with the state and the level of service delivery they experience in their everyday lives, as residents of Khayelitsha. The phenomena of so-called ‘service delivery’ protests across South Africa have now become a fixture of South African politics. Khayelitsha is one of the sites with frequent protests in Cape Town and is inhabited by poor people, 70 percent of whom live in informal settlements. While the lack of municipal services is undoubtedly a major problem for many poor people in South Africa, thus far, few studies have been dedicated to investigate empirically this alleged link between service delivery and protest activity. The study utilizes mostly quantitative analysis techniques such as regression analysis and path analysis to discover the form and strength of linkages between the service delivery and participation forms. While residents of informal settlements and therefore poorer services were more prone to engage in protests and thus reinforcing the service delivery hypothesis, this relationship was relatively weak in regression analysis. What is more important than the service delivery variables such as water services was the level of cognitive awareness exemplified by the level of political engagement and awareness on the one hand and level of community engagement in terms of attendance of community meetings and membership of different organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of the Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
    FIGHTING THE MAN: A CASE STUDY OF THE WESTERN CAPE ANTI-EVICTION CAMPAIGN Allison Grill School of International Training Advisor: Frederico Settler; University of Cape Town 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................2 Abstract............................................................................................................................................3 Glossary………………………………………………………………………………….………..4 Introduction......................................................................................................................................5 Literature Review.............................................................................................................................8 Methodology..................................................................................................................................14 The Big Picture……………………………………………………………………..……………16 The Anti-Eviction Campaign.........................................................................................................18 Khayelitsha's 'Waterfront': Section QQ.........................................................................................22 Fighting the People's Fight: Joe Slovo Informal Settlement..........................................................25 A Sidewalk in Solidarity: Symphony Way....................................................................................30 A Community In Need: TRA's in Delft.........................................................................................33
    [Show full text]
  • List of 2 453 Informal Settlements Gathered by NDHS As at Nov 2017
    List of 2 453 Informal Settlements gathered by NDHS as at Nov 2017 ANNEXURE A Num Province Local Municipality Settlement Name NUSP Structures Households 1 Eastern Cape Mbizana LM Downtown Mdakamfene B1 425 2 Eastern Cape Mbizana LM Highland Ext 4 A 872 3 Eastern Cape Ntabankulu LM Silvercity B2 58 4 Eastern Cape Umzimvubu LM Chithwa A 731 5 Eastern Cape Umzimvubu LM Silvercity B1 985 6 Eastern Cape Amahlati LM Bongolethu/Isidenge A 700 7 Eastern Cape Amahlati LM Cenyu A 450 8 Eastern Cape Amahlati LM Daliwe A 500 9 Eastern Cape Amahlati LM Katikati A 300 10 Eastern Cape Amahlati LM kubusi Greenfields A 304 11 Eastern Cape Amahlati LM Mlungisi A 350 12 Eastern Cape Amahlati LM Squashville A 467 13 Eastern Cape Amahlati LM Upper Izele B1 1238 14 Eastern Cape Great Kei LM Elusizini 43 15 Eastern Cape Great Kei LM Emagrangxeni 17 16 Eastern Cape Great Kei LM Eskolweni 17 17 Eastern Cape Great Kei LM Icwili 98 18 Eastern Cape Great Kei LM Komanishi 19 19 Eastern Cape Great Kei LM Makazi 80 20 Eastern Cape Great Kei LM Morgan Bay 143 21 Eastern Cape Mbhashe LM GPO A 150 22 Eastern Cape Mbhashe LM Kwa Agriculture C 100 23 Eastern Cape Mbhashe LM Town A 350 24 Eastern Cape Mbhashe LM Zone 14 C 250 25 Eastern Cape Mnquma LM Bhuhgeni A 400 26 Eastern Cape Mnquma LM Emabhaceni A 100 27 Eastern Cape Mnquma LM Madiba A 500 Page 1 of 85 List of 2 453 Informal Settlements gathered by NDHS as at Nov 2017 Num Province Local Municipality Settlement Name NUSP Structures Households 28 Eastern Cape Mnquma LM New Skiet A 240 29 Eastern Cape Mnquma LM Ou Skiet
    [Show full text]
  • [email protected], [email protected] Website: Http
    Abahlali baseMjondolo of the Western Cape Address: QQ 305 ~ Site B ~ Khayelitsha, 7784 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: http//www.abahlali.org ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Langa housing projects a mess of corruption and mismanagement An open letter to N2 Gateway boss Bosco Khoza, MEC Madikizela and Mayor de Lille 12 August 2012 To MEC for Human Settlements, Bonginkosi Madikiza To Operations Manager of the N2 Gateway project for HDA, Bosco Khoza To Cape Town Mayor, Patricia de Lille This letter has been written by the provincial executive of Abahlali baseMjondolo Movement, South Africa. As poor people living in informal settlements throughout Cape Town, we have many severe grievances regarding our living conditions, lack of consultation in service delivery and corruption taking place in our poor communities. We are grateful that the Mayor responded to our previous letter. As requested by the Mayor, we are directing this letter to the Housing Development Agency and to the provincial Department of Human Settlements. However, the Mayor's presence is, nonetheless, still required as many of the issues are in the Mayor's hands to resolve. This will be explained below. As leaders of Abahlali baseMjondolo Western Cape, a social movement representing shackdwellers, we have followed all the required government channels trying to have these grievances resolved - from sanitation, to toilets, to housing allocation, to lack of electricity, to evictions. However, we have never had our issues adequately engaged with and very rarely have even received even a response from government officials. Hence, our movement has decided to take the initiative to write to the head of the N2 Gateway housing project, Mr Bosco Khoza of the HDA, the MEC for Human Settlements, Mr Bonginkosi Madikizela, and the the Mayor of the City of Cape Town, Patricia de Lille.
    [Show full text]
  • Claiming the Right to the City Contesting Forced Evictions of Squatters in Cape Town During the Run-Up to the 2010 FIFA World Cup
    Claiming the Right to the City Contesting Forced Evictions of Squatters in Cape Town during the run-up to the 2010 FIFA World Cup University of Amsterdam Name: Rosalie de Bruijn Student number: 5722632 Email: [email protected] Date: September 30, 2010 First supervisor: Dr. V. D. Mamadouh Second supervisor: Drs. D. Greshof Pictures on the front page: Launch of the Right to the City Campaign by Abahlali baseMdjondolo (left) March to the Mayor of Cape Town for Evicted Communities and Traders by The Delft Anti-Eviction Campaign (right) © All pictures in this thesis are made by the author. II Cape Town Freedom Song, Covering many aspects of the Right to the City By Luke Zandstra (12 Years old) Mowbray Cape Town – I was walking down the road, When I saw a big truck‟ It was tearing down the houses and covering me with muck I turned around a corner and saw them cutting down the trees And then I saw some animals whose eyes were full of tears – Chorus They are tearing down the houses and cutting down the trees Please look around I‟m begging on my knees – Cape Town was our city but it is no more The wealthy ones have taken it and are sending out the poor So give us back our city and the dignity of all – Chorus They are tearing down the houses and cutting down the trees Please look around I‟m begging on my knees – Cape Town should be all of ours And greed should be seized Please look around I‟m begging on my knee Source: Website of the Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign III IV Acknowledgements The completion of this Master‘s thesis would not have been possible without the support of a number of people.
    [Show full text]
  • Reinventing Emancipation in the 21St Century: the Pedagogical Practices of Social Movements
    Interface: a journal for and about social movements Contents Volume 6 (1): i - iv (May 2014) Interface volume 6 issue 1 Reinventing emancipation in the 21st century: the pedagogical practices of social movements Interface: a journal for and about social movements Volume 6 issue 1 (May 2014) ISSN 2009 – 2431 Table of contents (pp. i – iv) Editorial Sara C Motta, Ana Margarida Esteves, Reinventing emancipation in the 21st century: the pedagogical practices of social movements (pp. 1 – 24) General material Call for papers (volume 7 issue 1): Movement practice(s) (pp. 25 – 26) The pedagogical practices of social movements Jonathan Langdon, Kofi Larweh and Sheena Cameron, The thumbless hand, the dog and the chameleon: enriching social movement learning theory through epistemically grounded narratives emerging from a participatory action research case study in Ghana (peer reviewed article, pp. 27 - 44) EN Sandra Maria Gadelha de Carvalho e José Ernandi Mendes, Práxis educativa do Movimento 21 na resistência ao agronegócio (peer reviewed article, pp. 45 – 73) PT Edgar Guerra Blanco, Utopía y pragmatismo. Enseñanza y aprendizaje en una organización urbana popular (peer reviewed article, pp. 74 – 98) ES Timothy Luchies, Anti-oppression as pedagogy; prefiguration as praxis (peer-reviewed article, pp. 99 – 129) EN i Interface: a journal for and about social movements Contents Volume 6 (1): i - iv (May 2014) Joe Curnow, Climbing the leadership ladder: legitimate peripheral participation in student movements (peer-reviewed article, pp. 130 – 155) EN Rhiannon Firth, Critical cartography as anarchist pedagogy? Ideas for praxis inspired by the 56a infoshop map archive (peer-reviewed article, pp. 156 – 184) EN Cerianne Robertson, Professors of our own poverty: intellectual practices of a poor people’s movement in post-apartheid South Africa (peer-reviewed article, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • MOVIDRIVE® MD 60A Drive Inverters / Operating Instructions / 2001-09
    Edition MOVIDRIVE® MD_60A 09/2001 Operating Instructions 1053 2617 / EN SEW-EURODRIVE 1 Important Notes...................................................................................................... 4 2 Safety Notes ........................................................................................................... 6 3 Unit Design ............................................................................................................. 7 3.1 Unit designation, nameplates and scope of supply........................................ 7 3.2 Unit design, size 1.......................................................................................... 8 3.3 Unit design, size 2.......................................................................................... 9 3.4 Unit design, size 3........................................................................................ 10 3.5 Unit design, size 4........................................................................................ 11 3.6 Unit design, size 5........................................................................................ 12 4 Installation ............................................................................................................ 13 4.1 Installation instructions for basic unit ........................................................... 13 4.2 UL compliant installation .............................................................................. 17 4.3 Power shield clamp.....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Database Design
    UTILISATION OF ICT IN HEALTHCARE CENTRE TO SUPPORT HIV/AIDS FLOW OF INFORMATION AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN KHAYELITSHA By SIYAMTHANDA LUTHANDO MATONDOLO Research Thesis Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY in INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Supervisor: Dr.Retha De La Harpe (Faculty of Information and Design) December 2012 DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this dissertation submitted for the degree Magister Technologiae at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, is my own original unaided work, except where stated otherwise. It has not previously in its entirety or in part been submitted to any other institution for a degree. I further declare that all sources cited or quoted are indicated or acknowledged by means of a comprehensive list of references. Signature………………………………...................... Siyamthanda Luthando Matondolo Date……16..../……August.…../…2012………. ii Copyright Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2010 SYNOPSIS This research is an attempt to investigate the utilisation of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in Healthcare to support the flow of HIV/AIDS patient’s general information in public and private sector. Furthermore, the research examines the detail flow of database information for healthcare service delivery to patients, in particular HIV/AIDS patients, in Khayelitsha Township. Finally, the research will detail the types of technologies currently being utilised to transfer this information, technology utilised for capturing or data collection profile of the patient. The research study data collecting was done in 2009 in mostly private and public healthcare centre in Khayelitsha township. First, the study will concentrate on general utilisation of ICT in healthcare service delivery and flow of information for public and private sector healthcare centres.
    [Show full text]
  • Contestation and Service Delivery in Urban South Africa
    Enhancing Capabilities or Delivering Inequality? Contestation and Service Delivery in Urban South Africa by Amy Kracker Selzer M.S. Clemson University, 2004 B.A. SUNY Buffalo, 2002 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2012 Copyright © 2012 Amy Kracker Selzer This dissertation by Amy Kracker Selzer is accepted in its present form by the Department of Sociology as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date _____________________________ _____________________________ Patrick Heller, Chair Date _____________________________ _____________________________ Nitsan Chorev, Committee Member Date _____________________________ ______________________________ John R. Logan, Committee Member Date _____________________________ ______________________________ Phil Brown, Reader Date _____________________________ ______________________________ Jose Itzigsohn, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date ____________________________ ______________________________ Peter M. Weber, Ph.D Dean of the Graduate School iii Curriculum Vitae Amy Kracker Selzer was born in Buffalo, NY on April 16, 1981. She completed her BA in International Studies at SUNY Buffalo in 2002 and her MS in Applied Sociology at Clemson University in 2004. In 2004 she began a position as Research Project Leader at Arbitron and began work on her PhD at Brown University in 2006. Her dissertation fieldwork in South Africa was generously funded by grants from the National Science Foundation. She has presented her work at a number of professional conferences and invited talks in universities in the United States and South Africa and recently published “The Spatial Dynamics of Middle Class Formation in Postapartheid South Africa: Enclavization and Fragmentation in Johannesburg" with co-author Patrick Heller.
    [Show full text]