**** The AVALON HILL @ENEN&L 2 Pu bliration Office: 4517 Harford Road. Baltimore Marvland 21214 THE GENERAL PAGE 2

$he ;VA&N ?HI=: @ENEW&L ;. . a losing venture published bi-monrhly pretty close to rhe first day of January, March, May, July, September, and Novem- ber. Last inue our Philosophy war prompted from 1968 by Gamescience Corporalion and met with The General is edited and pubtished by studies prepared by James F. Dunnigan. Research a great deal of enthusiasm arnong the hard-core Directorat-Large. Here, we foilow up in kind by The Avwlon Hill Company almost solely for battle game fanatics. With Ganzescience no ionger rtprin ting comtnen rs from Design Director-at- he cultural edification of the sarious game Gamescience, but an arm of n different name Large, S/Sgt Lou Zocchi. Dunnigan and Zocchi uf aficionado. It also helps sell our merchan- under the RenwaU banner, Battle Britiun pooled their talents several years ago to design games are now mther hard to come by. Put dise, too. Bottle of Britim. This game was prabldhed in Battle uf Britian down ar n collecror's item. Articles from subscribers are considered fur ,publication at the whim and fancy of - - In the meantime Zocchi hugraced these pages members of our erudite editorial staff and the same time. Each participant plays from his with mny interesting pieces from the litemiy company baseball team. TO merit considem- own group of cubes. side of his creative talents. One of them is the tion, articles must be typwritten double- Quite simply here is how both TUF and following which we never got around to publish- are spaced and not exceed 7,000 words. Ac- TUF'abet played. Since most battle pine ing until now because it posed questions we fanatics are pseudc-mathematicians (they would companying examples and di~gramsmust be didn't exactly know how to answer. have to be, what with alI those battle odds to In la mnnneT borrowed from PhiIosophy - Part drawn in black or red ink. Payment for compute) we'll start with the TUF game's des- 16 (which elicited encore after encore from the accept& articles is made according to the cription first. To start, each player gets I1 cubes audience) we are reprinting %cchi's text in bold dictates of the voting subscribers. containing numbers. On signal, each player "mlls face - our comments will be intersperced ifl A full-year subscription costs $4.93 (over- his cubes." Only the upper face of the cubes can italics. seas subscribers add $6.00 to cover airmail.) be used to form the equations. Now - everyone BaEk issues cost $I.# each: out-of-stock playing on their own cubes simultaneousIy - If you've been reading every inch of the isues are Vol. I, No's. I, 2, 3, 4, 6; Vol. 3, attempt to be the first to build an equation General faithfully, and who among us doesn't, No. I; Vol. 4, No. 4. however simple (we're kind of partial to the 1 + you might have noticed that the last few contests Printing - oh . . . say I7,m give or take 1 = 2 equation for speed.) were a bit peculiar. Contest No. 25 wasn't really a few thousand. The first person to form an equation leaps up a contest in the strictest sense of the word, but To facilitate correspondence, we suggest out of his chair and yells, '"TUF." After declaring more like a survey. The survey seemed to be that all envelops to Avalon Hill be marked his equation TUF starts the 3 minute Timer oriented towards discovering more about what the typical fanatic does, where he lives, how in the lower left-hand corner as follows: (specially imported from West Germany for this many games he owns and which games should be Purchaes of The General: Subscription purpose) and sits back, peering in disdain at the produced in the future. Contest No. 27, like No. Dept. remaining players who attempt to form an equa- tion longer than TUF's while he, himself, mental- 25, solicited our opinions about how a particular Purchm of games, play-by-mail kia, and war game should be designed. Has it crossed your ly thinks up a longer one during this 3-minute game parts: Order Dept. minds yet that there might be plans afoot to interval, During this interval, any player who has Questim concerning play: Research & the formed an equation longer than leaps up design the next game along linw indicated by Design Dept. TUF's, out of his chair and yells, 'TUFFER." the surveys? If they can design a wargame with Articles for publication: Editor-in-Chief. the best features of all of their best games, they A Zrninute Timer is set xl that players have an Requestr for Brochures: Advertising Dept. opportunity to build an even longer equation, the should have their kst seller yet1 Requests for Parrs Lists: Pam Dept. player so doing yells 'TUFFEST." At this point, I hope you noticed that I said IF. It might not be possible to design a game which can encom- Letm to the Editoc Editor-inchief. the I-minute Timer is set and all players have a Try-outs for the heball ream: Manager final round in which to improve upon their pass all of the features which we think are desirable. I feel that it takm at least a year to Thomas M. Shaw. equations to see who can end the round with the design an excellent game. The ideas which you Miscellany: Marketing Dept. longest equation. Sounds simple, what? thought would work out don't always come off Copyrght 1969 The Avalon Hill Company, Not on your life. It is surprising how difficult right on the playing board once the battle starts. Baltimore, Maryland 2 9294. the play of TUF can get when you add that A lot of revising is necessary to bring any game exciting element of time - or the lack of it - to - to the point of playability. a game that already claims a high degree of interplayer competition. If you have tried to invent your own gak- s you know that each venture requires a tremend- Game Variations are Unlimited ous amount of work. You might create 4 or 5 COVER STORY qmes before you get one which seems to work TUF'abet is quite similar to TUF except that like you envisioned it. Then you might be To the complete surprise - and astonishment in TUF'abet, letter cubes instead of number disappointed to discover that you are the only - of the adult game industry, Avalon Hill cubes are included. Further - TUF'abet can be one who likes what you've created. recently introduced two new allskill games de played in most foreign languages providing com- signed to revolutionize the industry. petitors with an interesting and diverting way to Zocchi quotes from experience here as lhe reinforce vocabulary and improve spelling ability. ~nyand Yariow numbers of BE prototypes TUF - No Waiting for Turns Variations in the superlative mathe- indicated BB was originally scheduled to lappear matics game - run the gamut from simply in FaU 1967 - but because hst rnInute 2nd The great hue and cry against sophisticated arithmetic equations to those found in the most thoughts necessitated production alterations, it complex of higher mathematical subjects. Thus, games has been their slowness of play. Scrabble, didn't get on the mket until the Spring of TUF be played on any sophisticated level for instance, is a classic game and could conceiv- can 1968. ably have been the all-time great game if it wasn't desired - and regardless of which level everyone for the fact that one person plays while the other plays at once competing against each other and Avalon Hill has been trail blazing the Adult person waits - and waits - and sometimes falls the clock. game market with many unique ventures. I asleep. Not TUF'abet. Like Scrabble, the object is Game masterpieces in the truest sense, TUF believe that they were first with a sensible means to form words or word sentences . . . the big and TUF'abet are Avalon Hill's gift to the of resolving combat, first to recognize the value difference being that there is virtue in playing egghead market. Packaged in bookcase format of terrain, first to explore the mass-movement of fast. Here's why. In both TUF and TUF'abet both games are available - now - for $7.98 each pieces concept and first with many other innova there is no waiting for turns. All players play at wherever adult games are sold. tions which we now take for granted. THE GENERAL What is important to remember, is the fact Today5 young adults - that's who. To them, being discarded. The rejection was based on the tha the innovations were not introduced just G~adalcmaI meant nothing - no glamour, no rather obvious conclusion tht the sport was too because they were something new. They were hero Fgwres, no title appeal. And since it is the regional in consumer interest. designed into the game because they seemed to young adults who purchae these gumes in great Also in the sports area, golf gLarnes M been b he best way to represent the specific tactical numbers, add 'ko sales" to the above list. d&cwsed as possibilities many times. Mmy out- situation which the wrne was trying to simulafe. side designs had been looked into as well as If Waterloo is played according to the rules for conrideting one of our own. But with the tmds Guadalcanal, the French can't low because they I'd like A.H. to tell us about the games which already surfeited with too many gulf games not have such a preponderance of artillery. Yet were tried, but not produced bacause they selling; put Golf Strategy with the others in the Waterloo remains a very enjoyable game because couldn't meet the usual A.H. requiremen6 for dank vaults. the rules which govern it are designed to corn quality, playabifity and accuracy. Also in the dank wuit but on a higher shelf. pensate for the facton which were present. The I have wted at least two of their games which are three Basketball Strategy games: two of them gme has a high degree of playability which cwld nwer saw prcduction. In one case, the game did still in consumer testing phase. Howewr, since i not appeal to me personally and I felt that it was be destroyed by rule tampering. these prototypes have been in this same stage for I Each game has its own time element which is probably wise of the company to forget it In four years, it is difficutt to tell when the time I directly related to movement factors, combat another case, I thought the game had outstanding will be "right" for publication of th& title. values, combat results tables and area portrayed merit and was deeply puzzled when it was not WalI Street - currently in Protowpe VI stage L on the map. Each of these facets must compli- published. The second game I'm speaking about is - has been considered for publication since 1961. ment the other. This area of delicate balance Gettysburg Ill. In my opinion, it is superior to Became of an over-ubundmce of stock mrket produces qames where skill counts for more than any of he versions which were produced and I'd games in stores, adding another to the shelves has luck. Avalon Hill has produced at least 15 like to see it put out for general consumption. been a subject of long-standing debate. The final excellent wargames which have managed to retain However, what is even more interesting to me is decision to go ahead with pubIication of mch a that elusive feature. However, you might b the stories I've heard about the new games which game was delivered after it had been ascertained surprised to learn that there is more to this story are salted away in the Dank Vaults at A.H. and that Avdon Hill's stock market game would be 1 than one brilliant successful breakthrough after which will nwer be published. I can't help totally different from my other on the mrket. I another. In an effort to bring you better games, wondering if there is another game like Geays- This was not the emiest edict to follow. new trails had to be explored. Many of these burg Ill which should have been published but @ails led to the designing triumphs which were wasn't. TO comply with such a request has taken over I published and are now available. Other trails were How about it Mr. Avalon and Mr. Hill? Would 6 years. Fortunately, we've hit upon the right I not so fruitful and led no where. Yet, to you care to discus and describe your less formula and fully expect to startle the game r progress, each had to be explored to the fullest. successful experiments? world with this revoiutionary new game concept A determination had to be made as to whe'ther to within the year. Believe it or not; the game not I continue with the old project w to try an Thmx far putting us on the spot Lou. First - only states that "anyone can mke a miMon in entirely new project. Cantest No. 25 offered 26 there are no such people as Mr. Awlon land Mr. the stock market'' but goes on to show how. ! new titles from which you could choose. Did it Hill. 7he name 'lvalon Hill" was adopted from a Then there's Tactics III - an extension of ever cross your minds that A.H. has already Baltimore County area of the same name dong Tactics II which was a progression of original experimented with the game for which you've which traversed the original min line of the Tractits. Bur Tactics II has lain dormant for besn waiting? We sit back and yammer about Baltimore & Ohio Rail~oad,the oldest rail line in several years and it is scheduled for pubiicablon how slow A.H. is in coming up with a new title, the United state^. Secondly - the game which only after the fervor over Blitzkrieg dies down. but few of us realize how long it takes to develop held no appeal to S/Sgt. Zocchi was published Actually, Blitzkrieg could hove been called Tat- a game which can meet the demanding specifica- anyway and dealt with that same mil line. Here - tics 114% 1 tions of Avalon Hill. It could be that the battle the title apped wm so strong that we could TitIes projected for the fiturn and only in you want was triad and found to be impractical. hardly miss. For the record, the battle game variotas stages of research are: Victory at Sea, A.H. has attempted many experiments in an fanatics couldn't care less about C&O/B&O. With American Revolution, Korea, Leyte Gulf, effort to satisfy heir customsrs. All of them have the rail buffs, it's been a different must gmtify- Amda, Coml Sea, Alexunder, plus others on ben brilliant success=. ing stov. subject matters for which promotable titles have The reason that S/Sgt Zocchi was impressed not as yet been assigned. with Gettysbwg III wm ifi the innovative use of Naturally it is not possible for AH. to publish Well, almost all of them. . we we stiIl sonnewhat large hexagons. As stated, 'h't was superior to any all titles on which research and design is being at a loss us to why Guadalcanal bombed out. The of Ls other versions." Write in ''no guts*' under conducted. Some subjects just don't make for package design (box) wm so attractive that if the heading "Amlon Hill Management " good enjoyable games. Other titles don't have the won w art award in 1967 from The Baltimore Another title pleper to see the light of day was lasting consumer apped. In this vein, we now Art Director's Club. The playing board was Bull Run. Here is a game that literalh came direct your attention to the survey which we simple, concise, easy to read. me O/B authentica- within inches of getting pubIished At the height hope will tell us which should be our next #on was the Bat yet - instructions were on par of the Civil War fervor two versions of this titIe wargume. From the foIIowing titles: select one with oli other wargames up to that time - the were cranked out; sort of a '2 games in I" only - and either send the name to us on a Bottle h'anwl contained a considerable num bar pachage in which both Bull Run conflicts could postcwd, or write it in on the Iinc provided In of design innow6ions that made Gwdalcand have been refought. Suddenly, Civil Watrnerchak Contest 33. We encoumge all to partake in this dfferee t from dl the others. clise died on the consumer shelves and with it survey - its results will deternine your next With so much going for rf, why did Guakl- came the demise of AvaIon Hill's abstract game wargame. canal strike out 7 thoughtfully titled "Civil War." By the month of Select only one title from among the follow- Now - three years Qter we have found out Janary 1962, Avaion HiIl hdshipped to whole- ing.

' y. Chalk it up to generation gap. Our genem- salers a total .of 47,583 Civil War gnmes - a American Revolution n - one that was deeply tnvolved in aU aspects shipping record yet rn touched. By January 1963 Armda World Wm II - found the Pacific meatre as all but 43.000 found their way into consumer Coral Sea ~tegienllyimpordun1 as the European Thentre. horns. AvaIon Hill's brain-tnrst introspectively hnce 1940 , of the middle age genre, considered the decided to withdraw the planned release of BulI Korea subject of GuadulcanaI most fascinating. Of all Run for March 1963. ScatteriPrg dl components Leyte Gulf Pacific areas. Gua&Icad rang the loudest bell. to the proverbial four winds, nothing remains in Victory at Sea Cuadulcanal was to the WWII Pacific Campaign our Dank Vaults except several hand-made proto- what Gettysburg was to the Qvil, War. Add that types for posterio of what might have been a special mystique engendered by the mere mention great game. In slimmation we hope that the answers have of the word "Marines" and who but the most Lacrosse - a hockey-soccer type sport pre- provided suitable expianation of the rutionale insuffevable pessimist would be against a gome dominantly east comt in vintage - was another behind our g~~e-de~igndngdecisions.. We welcome that had such a great title appeal? game that had been thoroughly pky-tested before your further conamants in this direction . . .

PAGE 5 THE GENERAL Anzio or D-Day. Troops would be needed to garrison the B.The Allies would still eventually evict the Alutions md Hawaii. Germans but it would take additional troops C. The Two Ocean War to do it. 6. U-Boat C. American Heritage History of WWII Return to A.Starting May 1943, German roIls die once a 3. Bismarck month. If 1 or 6 is rolled, he had success A-Every convoy sunk equals one British or US fully maneuvered U-Boat into position division taken from Anzio or D-Day. against a convoy with only DE support. A Armageddon B. Convoys held vital supplies, equipment or game of U-Boat is THEN -.played. For every by James & Roslyn Crawford men. U-Boat in a convoy zone, Allies withdraw C.Hitier and His Admimls one division from D-Day or Anzio. My wife and I have Iong had a wish to be able 4. Stalinmad B. Reflects Allied superiority in Atlantic to mfight all of WWII with historic accuracy and A.For every German corps suniving, 5 replace- C. Battle for the Atlantic see if one of us could change history not only in ment points are added to German pointr in Hitler and His Adrnimb one major battle, but also that battle's effect on BDay from the first week OR the equiva- 7. Anzio other major battles and on the find outcome of lent of one divisions replacement points are A.lf Germans drive Allies off Continent alI WWII. What would it take to make the entire war available for Anzio. surviving units may be converted to replace- a strategic victory for the Axis? With the advent B. HitIer Moves East ment points in D-Day at the rate of 5 per of Anzio, the missing link of the Italian campaign 5. Midway division. has been filled in. A.US artillery supplies cut by one-quarter and B. Both sides may elect NOT to comply with Following in this article are hypothetical situa- troops reduced .by one-quarter in Guadal- scheduled troop withdrawals of units that tion tables allowing for how an Axis victory in canal. Japanese player can call Naval born: appear in D-Day. Instead, these units do ,one major battle would effect the outcome of the bardment of Henderson Field three times NOT appear in D-Day. following battles. No one really knows what a more than the chance table. James $ Roslyn Crawford German victory in one or several areas wouId B. Guadalcanal would be harder to supply with 2160 Liberty Street have meant but our tables represent logical stronger Jap Navy and weaker US Navy. Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio 44221 alternatives based on a year's research consisting of over twenty primary and secondary sources on WWII. Following is a llst of the games needed and the On a Tactical Level order based on chronology in which these games By ~awrencoValencourt must be played. The tournament or most ad- vanced Ievel of play is, of course, used. Victory With o futm aimed towwd specializing in generals will have to work out the details before of WWII is based on a strategic point system either Nuclear or Oceanogmphlc Engineeg, they start to play. giving weght to each battle also based on our hwrence R. Vulencourt is at present a: Chemical Time is also scaled down as in Jutland. Perhaps research. Engineering student at the University of Dela- in games like Bulge six (6) small turns are Point Value Came Date ware. Considering the facf that he is 24 yems OM, equivalent to a normal one, while in Sgrad 10 or 15 and murried, one could assume that Valeneourt is would be batter. Thus after six turns (I'm back in 2 Battle of Britain Fall 1940 one of those professional college students. Not my example of Bulge.) one normal turn is checked 3 Afrika Korps April 1941 - Staff off, players move their other units, and return to I Bismarck May 1941 redly he took time out to play Sergeant spending three years attached to SHAPE in the smaller individual battles that remain on the 5 Stalingrad June 1941 big hex(s). Fountuinbleau, France, '7saw much of Europe in 10 Midway June 1942 When all of the defending units have been my travels; thus when I play Bulge I can say I 10 Guadalcanal August 1942 eliminated that square is considered to be captured was hereatX37 ..... " 0 U-Boat May 1943 by the attackers; on the big board that square is 4 Anzio September 1943 For thwe nuts of you among us, here is an idea taken over by the victors. In cases of mutual 5 D-Day June 1944 that will increase your game times, their realism, agreement the two commanders can decide on whether they went complete elimination of the We have made a table to accompany this and maybe your enjoyment of them. Any battle game can be used in this "individual soldim defenders or whether decimation of them will article that gives three things concerning each warfare" method. suffice. Disengagement from combat is easily ac- game where necessary (1) what to do if the Axis First you set up an enlarged hexagon compose3 complished by having the attacker move out of the wins 2) why this is done rather than something of many smaller ones. I find that although it ie, big hex by the same route which he entered. Then else and 3) the major source for that particular uneven (there are not a complete set of little hexg on the next turn he can re-enter and fight again or game. The winner of WWII is the player amassing in the big one) a quarter of AH'S hexagon sheet ig he can be attacked in his square. the most strategic points. For a more extensive just ideal. You can draw your bjg hex in around For further realism, and confusion, each regi- bibliography concerning our set-up, please write. the little hexs in a magic marker. ment so broken down can be supplied with so 1. Battle of Britain Now for the real 'hitty-gritty". As an example many land mines to be placed as the defender sees I've used BatUe of the Bulge, but the system fit. Also of use would be machine-gun pieces with a 4.German rolls the die. 1.2.3 - No Allied air should work for all battle games. Each unit of the certain fire power that varies according to range superiority in D-Day or ~nzio.4,5,6 - Half regular game is able to be divided into smaller and type gun. Or perhaps artillery pieces and armor Allied air superiority. tactical units; pieces that can fire at the enemy while they are $.The German Air Force could not neutralize In Bulge: regiments become battalions and still out of mg range. the British Navy or RAF bomber command wmpanys. To remain in the realm of realism each type of which destroyed the German invasion fleet In Sgrad: corps become divisions and regiments. square on the big board would require a big hex accumulated in France and Hitler was plan- These smaller units are then usable on the large hex and other rule modifications. Troops in forest ning a necessary invasion of Russia so no described above. The defender of a particular squares could be allowed to throw up mad blocks, invasion of England is possible. Germany square in the regular games gets to set up his to build bunkem (if they had remained in that tried to destroy Britain's fighter and aimaft increased number of smaller unit troops in the big square a certain length of time.), but they would industry SO the table limits itself to air hex as he desires. Here is where the task of field have reduced fields of fire due to the trees. Squares on the board with roads would have to have ! superiority. deployment falls upon the heads of the command- game ers. In this case it is not a matter of just being in these roads represented on the big hex. These roads C. The Rise md Fall of the Certmn Air Force the square, but deploying your troops in the square are then able to be subjected to land mine Operation Sea Lion to the be@ positions possible to defend it. placement, blockage, and even destruction in the Hitler Move3 East The attacker then moves into the large hex from big hex, with such events' results being indicated 2. Afrika Korps the same side he's attacking from, in the game. on the game board. RBritish lose 2 armored divisions and 2 Combat proceeds as normal with movement and L. R. Valencourt infantry divisions and US loses 2 armored fire-power modifications used as necessary to 13 Cornwallis Square, Haslet Park, divisions and 1 infantry division from either maintain realism. In this case the two opposing Newark, Delaware THE GENERAL PAGE 6 Quality vs. Quantity Jutland - 1914? by TMI William B. Searight by Michael La Torra, Jr. First of all, there is no such thing as a perfect defense for the Russians in Stalingrad. Agreed, It is early on the morning of October 30th, war. For ordinary playing purposes, no revisions there have been Inany good initial defense setups 1914. The damp, gray, autumn mist of the North in the respective navies are needed. written in the General, but that's only what they Sea is just giving way to an amber dawn in the are; initial defenses. German port city of Cuxhaven. In the harbor, After the first German turn the Russian must massive iron Dreadnoughts, flotillas of Light The incorporation of these two wargames into re-deploy his units to cover more territory. Ego, Cruisers and Destroyers are putting out to sea in one is very simple. To begin, play a regular game no more so called perfect defense. Consequently one huge armada. With this fleet rests all hope of of 1914. 1 suggest that you play the Advanced, during the ensuing months the Russian begins a German victory. The situation on the Western or Historical Simulation game. On October 30th, retreating due to thinning of his ranks and the front has already stabilized; the trenches have 19 14 (move 39), the Jutland phase can begin. To inability to make the necessary counter attacks. been dug. The German navy must break the start, both players tally up their Victory Points as To alleviate this problem in order to build a economic stranglehold that the British have on they would in a normal game of 1914. If the stronger (Poland-Rumanian) defense and to in- the Fatherland. The English fleet must be elimi- German player has the five to one Victory Point crease your counter attack ability, why not try nated, and the naval blockage along with it. ratio necessary for a Decisive Victory, he may placing your three heaviest units on the Finnish Sound familiar? Right situation, wrong time? reIinquish the right to a naval engagement. In this border. (I can hear your protests already) the Maybe not. Most wargarners agree that 1914 and event, the game is over, and the German player is reason I say this is that the Russian needs units Jutland are two of Avalon Hill's most realistic declared the winner. However, under any other of quality for his aggressive Finnish campaign games Recently, a thought occurred to me? Why victory (or defeat) conditions, the German must while a quantity of units is needed for defense not combine these two World War I games into use his fleet. This is accomplished by playing a along the Western Front. one 'supergame'? A little research showed me complete game of Jurland, again, preferably the The following facts and figures are to show the that this was historically possible. Both the Advanced or Tournament game. At the end of advantage of the revised place~nent along the British and German fleets were substantially the the game, the pIayers count up their points Finnish Border. The exact placement and how same in 1914 as they were in 1916. The British according to the Juthnd Victory Point table you conduct your campaign is according to your blockade had been in effect since the start of the which I have compiled. own ability. Initial Russian units (10) Jutland Victory Point Table 5 5-7's 5 4-6's Revised Russian units (6) both Germans British 7-10-4's 6-9-6 4-6-6 5-7-6 2-3-6 Remaining German Navy Remaining British fleet 10 units att. 45 def. 65 is at least equal to the is up to, but not more 6 units att. 3 1 def. 45 MARGINAL remaining British fleet, than, five Capita1 ships 4 14 20 VI~ORY but not more than four greater than the German Capital ships greater Wavy. The above looks like simple subtraction on than that fleet. 10 VICTORY POINTS paper, but in this case it does not work because 10 VICTORY POINTS you have saved; say 2 5-7's and 2 4-6's. Their added factors would be - att. 18 def. 26. A Remaining German Navy Remaining British fleet slight discrepancy? Looking further on you can is at least five, but not is at least six, but not see that with the new revision, you are using 4 V~~ORYmore than nine Capital more than fifteen Cap- new units to replace 8 of the 10 original ones. ships greater than the ital ships greater than Below is a comparison of their abilities at the British fleet. tllc GCIII~~JINavy. Western Front. 25 VICTORY POINTS 15 VICTORY POINTS In a line defen~one unit controls its own square and one square on each side of it for a Remaining German Navy Remaining British fleet total control of three squares. Therefore the 3 is at least ten Capital is at least sixteen Capital heavy and one light unit previously mentioned VICTORY ships greater than the ships greater than the could cover a max. total of 12 squares with a British fleet..' German Navy.* doubled defense of 64 factors. Compare it with 50 VICTORY POINTS 30 VICTORY BOINTS the 8 units now available for the western defense and you can see that these 8 units will control *(Should total elimination of Capital ships occur on either side, double the terrain (24 squares) at 104 defense add 20 victory points to the winner.) factors. If you experiment with the above ideas the they could have forced their way through Skager- results can bc startling, especially to the German ale Victory Poinh acquired through this Jut- rak, opening a supply route to the desperate when he sees his previous 1-2 attackers thrown land table are simply added to the points ob- Russians, niswould have put more pressure on back across the river. tained in the land of 19". This new the Eastern front, thereby shortening the war. Back on the Finland Front after the 2nd figure then determines the outcome oC the war months turn, you will be able to pull out the 2 on the 19 14 Victory Chart. Although this new game takes a rather long heaviest units and the last of the heavy units The number of points which each situation is time to complete, I believe it enhances the after your 3rd month. Remaining units fight until worth was determined by the approximate value playing of both its component games. In a sense, the German is sealed in Helsinki, (generally a of a victory for either side. If the German navy the player can fight the entire first World War. 66-6). Leave a 5-7-6 and 2-36 to lay seige. With had destroyed the British fleet, it could have Who knows? Perhaps the Kaiser would enjoy a now potential reinforcements from Leningrad, the continued overseas trade, and thus prolonged the weekend at Versailles. German will not try to break out. war. That might have meant an eventual German Michael La Torra, Jr. William B. Seanght TM 1(SS) - victory. 479 Grsnadon Lane U. S. Naval Torpedo Station If the British had eliminated the German navy, North Babylon, New York 1 1703 Keyport, Wash. 98345 THE GENERAL

The northern flank is the key to this area and should always be as firmly anchored as possible. If the German is allowed to get loose here, he can cause great harm since the Russian flank is Barbarossa naturally exposed. The German advance is hin- by Thomas Fowler dered the most if squeezed towards the marshes and Minsk strongpoint. Using the above guidelines, the Russian the The conflict between warmmen prefemng real- short length of the Nemunas Rivers to prevent has ism and those preferring playability ha9 been crossing. possibility of keeping the Germans from getting any German Minsk batted about for some time now in The General. 2. The defense of Brest-Litovsk and the Bug far past by winter. If the Russian forces maximum It seems that the fans are divided and you can River are valuable only as a delaying action. The and terrain have been used to their pick your own side to join. The facts are, Germans are on interior lines and can switch their effectiveness, the German infantry can be in poor however, that A-H has designed and is seh striking forces between north and south whether shape because of soak-offs and 2-1 attacks, and wargames according to their expertise in this or not the Russian holds Brest. Granted, Brest Rugsian reinforcements will be arriving in field; one buys their game and is satisfied with should be held as lo& as possible, but it is not strength. The German will never be able to the rdes, or buys their game and modifies it to worth any -cant casualties. launch more thm two 3-1 attacks per month Russian achieve some lessw degree of historical imperfec- 3. The defense lines which should be held as thereafter if the line is still intact since tion. Probably the only way to get a perfect long as poxsible are the Nemunas River, the there will not be sufficient room to maneuver. simulation is to hire your own armies and let diagonal line of hex's from CG16 to GG-12, the What is the conclusion of all this? If you want them fuht it out. mountain square JJ12, and a combination along historical accuracy, or the perfection of a time- The one wargame which has raised the most the hut and SiretuI Rivers. The Russian can get table plan, play 3 novice as your Russian oppo- controversy is STALINGRAD. The best articles the maximum effectiveness from his forces if he nent; if you want playability, agree on some on it have conmntrated on the fact that the can man these positions with sufficient strength. simple play-balance modification and with patient the Russians seem to have the advantage according to German frontal attacks will be costly, and out- and thoughtful moves, pit your skill in the basic ruIes. These articles suggest rule modifi- flanking moves can be significantly delayed if the application of strategy against your opponent's skill. cations designed to achieve play-balance between Russian possesses good reserves. Thomas Fowler reasonably good wargamen. With such modifica- 4. The Central Front (i.e., Gulf of Riga- 1277 Pebble Road tions, the winner will then be the player who Pripyat Marshes) is the strategic centre in which Ottawa 10, Ont., Canada best applies the principles of war, allowing no German advances must be kept to a minimum. advantage through careIessness. The best way to achieve realism is for an experienced wargamer to take the German side against an inexperienoed wargamer taking the Russian side. This would be the best way to simulate the situation in that fateful summer of 1941 when, according to the historical records, One Ship Invasion Fleet? the Russians were unprepared and inefficiently led. The Russians expected the main German by Charles B. Pelto Each transport has a screening factor of one. It attack'in the south, and also wanted to exert an has no surface factor. The patrol boats have a 1-1 influence upon the Balkan countries, and sa On the morning of 3 June 1942, a lonely PBY, surface-screening factor. The flagship JINTSU has concentrated their armor there. On the central one of many such aircraft combing the waters off a 2-3 factor. As for the DesDiv, I use the rules Front, the German attack came as a complete Midway, broke throub the sullen cloud cover to from the article 'What Next? Destroyers at surprise; a large part of the troops were in find a Japanese fleet stretched out below it. Midway," (Vol. 4, No. 4). The 15th DesDiv has garrisons, many crucial bridges over the Bug, Frantically dodging the intense fire coming up two ships; the 16th, four ships; and the 18th, Nernunas San, Pmt and Divina Rivers were from the ships, he radioed his base that he had four also. captured before the surprised Russian frontier discovered the expected invasion fleet. Un- To sink the JINTSU requires three hits. The units could destroy them. The Red Army, in fortunately he had only stumbled upon the CL is worth three victory points. All the troop addition, was in the middle of a complete convoy that was carrying men to storm the island carrying ships are sunk after two hits and are changeover in equipment and a reorganization. defenses. Nagumo's carrier force, the group that worth two points each. The DesDiv's are worth The least apparent flaw in the Russian defense, the pilot was looking for, was still outside of the three points each. But only after the last captain however, was probably the purge of the officer search area and over 700 rnibs to the north of has gone down in the last ship of each division corps in 1937 from which the Red Army had not the encounter. can the US player wlbct the points. yet recovered. These trials secured the political For the simplification of the game AH had Those Japanese who like the ATAGO method, stability of the army by executing 13 out of 15 designated the Japanese cruiser ATAGO as the with its ability to hide under the smoke from the army commanders, 57 out of 85 corps command- transport convoy. But it was miles to the rear of BB's and CA's guns, may not jump at what I'm ers, 110 out of 195 divisional commanden, and the actual invasion group and does not appear on proposing. But by splitting the Imperial Fleet 220 out of 406 brigade commanders. So little the board until June fourth. Players of the game into two or three stacks instead of one the US wonder that the Russian tactics, training and who desire realism and historical accuracy may player will be more interested in the whereabouts leadership were no match for the Germans. not have liked the idea of 5000 troops crammed of the carrier group then in a handful of As for the A-H game itself, there are plenty of onboard one little cruiser along with the assort- transports of low value. Besides the one big stack opportunities for a good Russian defender to stall ment of paraphernalia needed to overrun the kept falling over on the search board. By keeping the Germans completely. An "efficient" German Midway garrison of 2000. the transport group to the rear until US air plan can be written on paper, but I have not yet The group was comprised of twelve transports. power is reduced or the Yamoto group with its seen the advocate of a German victory give a These were escorted by three patrol boats, also super BB's appears the Japanese player can then complete appreciation of what strategies the carrying troops, three destroyer divisions, and a sail to Midway with little worry about screening Ruians might take and how these strategies hght cruiser, the JINTSU. Onboard the transports Together with the rules provided by other would be overcome. Stealing some good ideas were troops of the 2nd Combined Special Naval articles, such as "Midway-Unstereotyped" and from various opponents, I think the Rusian Landing Force augmented by the Army's Ichiki "Midway-'Equilibrated," this variant could result strategy for defense should follow these guide- Detachment. in some of the most complicated battles ever lines: The entire group enten play at 0909 on June conceived. Maybe even as complex as the actual 1. The German advance in the first month third. To take Midway the Japanese pIayw must encounter. can be stalled by initially placing two Russian move at least nine of the troop carrying ships to C. B. Pelto 2-34's at U-18 and X-15. Thus, enough Rusian the island's square and remain there for four 2040 E. Manor Dr. strength can be concentrated on the Bug and a consecutive turns. Lincoln, Nebr. 68506 to fire, the defender fires first. Any adverse effects artillery (attacker) are ignored and attack factors double, triple, etc., as usual. Also when an artillety unit is attacked in this manner, its defense factor doubles; etc., as usual, and if any of the attacker's artillery is emnated in the defender's firing, they may fue that turn, any- Battleat way. Finally, as an option to the above option, I have made provision for ammunition supplies, which had a great effect upon the actual battle. Gettysburg When using this option: 1) Each time an artillery units fires, it uses one AMMUNIT1,ON UNIT (AU) for each factor fired. Avalon Hill games have a critical lack - the 2) Each artillery unit carries 10 AU with it chance to really conduct a blitzkrieg! This failing Is Cettysburg on "the way back?" Judging when it comes on the board. In addition, has been the subject of much discussion, hth from a recent spurt in sub for AH'S Gettysburg, each side carries reserve ammunition as among wargamers and in articles. Still, nothing like Civil it looks we 're going to fight the Ww nil follows: much has been done to solve this problem over again. And slnce the sale of this title hm Confederate Lghtening warfare demands the possibility of stirpawed mny of our more recent introductions, Infantry Corps HQ (I, 11,111) - each, 50 breaking through the enemy line, zig-zaging including Cuudalcmal, it behooves us to get AU around behind them, taking his positions in the cracking on including some articles on the subjecf flank or rear, and generally disrupting things - m.tter..So here goes. . . heHQ - 75 AU leaving in doubt just where you will strike next. Union Is it polble to even partially duplicate this mode i by Steve Grimmett Artillery Supply Unit (use a spare) - 200 of rghting? AU Realism and playability are not always at odds, Steps have been taken by AH in thia direction Meade HQ - 50 AU as is proved by some work I recently did, seeking through the introduction of automatic elimina- tp. improve the realism of GE'ITYSBURG. I did When a unit usea up its AU, or runs low, they tion in their earlier games and, better still, with two things, both borrowed from other AH games. can be replenished by moving a supply unit to successive combats in Anzio. Let us consider First, from GUADALCANAL and BLITZ withh four squares of the unit. On the fonowing these two rules: KRIEG, I got the idea of partial eIimination of turn, the unit's AU me restored (and the same Automatic elimination such as found in Afdka units.. I found this particularly suited to GET- number removed from the supply unit). Ko~psis highly unrealistic. With the employment TYSBURG, because of the relatively small num- An artillery unit may attack as infantry at $4 of this rule units that have moved their fuU bzr of units involved. To use this, simply make a its present strength. momrnent factor can be used to annihilate the chart similar to the one in GUADALCANAL and In an attempt to clear up a few questions defende~while a unit only one square away from use the Tournament Game Combat Results Table which may arise, let me say a bit more about the the battle at the start of the turn rolls over the from that game. artillery. First, if an unsupported artillery unit is devktated defense and on to glow. The actual The mcond change is a bit more complex, and mquence in attacked by Infantry or Cavalry, it may not fire time this case allows the latter unit requires a few optional rules, but adds a Cremen- to calmly move through an enemy position about at any other unit in that tum. The battle is dous amount of realism to the game. It involves a a week prior to the time the second unit arrives proviaion for artillery fire, based upon the actual resolved in the regular combat portion of the to wipe it out. How can a defense be over- artillery used in the battle. turn, and the artillery may either defend by flring whelmed before it is attacked . . . Basically, the xtilIery at Gettysburg was of (uses AU), or by fighting at M strength as 5 rule allowing successive combats is three types: 1) 10-pounder Parrott guns; 1) infantry (does not use AU). Supported, i.e. Anzio 12-pounder brass cannon (Napoleons); and 3) 6- protected, artillery on a square under attack may something else again. By permitting A) movement to attack and combat, B) advance after combat, and 12-pounder smooth-bore cannon. The Par- fire at another square in the fuinp portion of the and C) second combat, with steps B) and C) mtts had an effective range of 2350 yds. but was turn, and then fight as infantry (% strength) in most effective inside 1000 yds., the Napoleon possible to repeat (at least theoretically) many the regular combat. It may not fire in the regular times, the blitzkrieg is more realistically repre- was useful up to 1800 yds., with optimum effect combat portion of the turn if supported. inside 1OOO yds. and the smooth-bores had a sented. However, a note of fantasy again creeps As a final option, artillery and supply units may maximum range of 1000 yds. into play. In the game "strategic movement" be captured by infantry or cavalry, and used by Based upon the above facts and the fact that (moving twice the stated movement factor) is the capturing side. To capture supply unit, it m the Confederates, while they used all three types, a allowed if a unit doesn't begin its move an relied on the Napoleons, and that the Union must simply be placed in an enemy zone of enemy zone of control and is not used to attack. forces mainly used the Parrott guns, the following control. It may be moved by the captor immedi- Yet by successive combats a unit could still be tables were drawn: ately. To capture an artillery unit, it must be allowed to go many more squares than its basic movement factor with long advances after corn ARTILLERY RANGE - 6. squares engaged by infantry or cavalry and compIetely eliminated in the combat, at which time it is bat. This is particularly lxue when playing with the Step Reduction Table and the Automatic no- of squares Combat factor of fuing unit&) considered captured at the strength it had after Victory (AV 11) variation. fired Union Confederate the artillery firing portion of the turn of its I normal normal capture. The AV I1 rule, simply stated, allows the attacker to advance two squares for every redue 2 normal normal Although d of this may seem very complex, if tion step called for as a combat result by the 3 normal normal you leave out the two final options at first, then 4 E normal 54 normal SRT that the defending unit(s) lacks. At odds of add them later, I think that you will be able to 9-1 a defending unit with only one step to low 5 '/a normal % normal get used to them very quickly. I also think that 6 % normal % normal would allow the attacker an advance after combat you wiU find that these two rules will add much of as many as 18 squares - a potent threat to your game without making it appreciably indeed! Artillery battles are resolved on the combat harder. Something is wrong here. What must be done results table as usual, with two. differences. Firat, Steve Grimmett is to analyze the problem, isolate its components, all artillery battles are resolved first, and second, 2304 Enfield No. 4 and then solve the difficulties by amending the the defender naay fire his gu~salso. If he chooses Austin. Texas mles to get a realistic blitz into the krieg: THE GENERAL

in the front lie (in a position where it muld square regardless of the length of advance cased have been attacked had the opponent so desired) for by the combat re~~1ts. to a position not nearer than one square away Now we have a sjtuation involving move and from the overwhelmed unit. Such mction is only counter-mwe, and if a defender is wtly out- allowed to u~tswithin a single turns normal numbered locally or nneglects reserves, one where movement of the attack, and units so moved a real& blitzkrieg can be conducted. When a must subtract such movement from their factor game is played in person the odda of each battle on their pwtion of the turn. For example, if an can be concealed from your opponent in order to infantry unit with a basic movement of 4 factors have him react in a "fog of war" situation, but was brought up 3 squares to support a position it even without this added reriernent you wfl find could only be moved one additional square next this change h the rules of AH games making turn when it would normally be moved. Advanc- them more realistic and exciting. While it will ing enemy units are allowed to move into the work well with games like Stalingmd, D-Dny, zone of control of the defender's second line Aj3ka Korps, Anzio, and the like; the best games units, and the attacker may choo~whether or to apply it to are BIhkneg (what else!) and not he wished to fight again. S&Ts Stalingrad II. The latter game is particular- Attacking units are always dowed to advance ly good as the units have basic movement factors if they are victorious and the defender's square which vary widely, but where armored and and space. Sure, as Tom Shaw says, the move- has been vacated, for attack on a square sub motorized unita have a high movement wbil- ment capability of units not maximums but are mimes an attempt at moving into it. This is true ity. Have fun! #e avemge distance the average unit could travel even though such movement allows the unit to p period of time. OK, but what about Gary GYP one quare beyond its normal capacity. However, 330 Center Street nmy cirwmstances? Just about any in such went it could not prod beyond one Lake Geneva, Wisconsin through sees units performing far above the me performance potential of attacking b far too extraordinary in Awio, however. r thm games that measure time in periods week or more (this is usually where ent is most understated) we add the

Anytime two or mme units attack at odds of 6 or better to 1, the attacker may we a pdon of the units engaged in the combat (armor when possible) to move on before the battle portion of First Observation on Anzio the turn is mhed, moving just as if the enemy was not there. SufficiEnf units tn maintain odds by Norman Beveridge, Jr. of at least 3-1 must be left behind to "mopup" yhile the balance of the assaulting force may continue the blitzkrieg, and make seoond and third attacks. A record of the odds of dl sud~ Obviously, ANZIO is one of the bet games If and when a second imasion comes, either Avalon Hill has ever produced. For peopIe who akks must lx kept to avoid confusion. Rome or Pexara are god sights. The Rome Here onIy those units actually involved in the love short, desperate games, the mini-games are position is difficult to defend, but cuts many Game with httle can be coordinated to take advanme of ideal. For complexity nuts, the III crosroads. Pes~arahas a road leading north, and be supasd. ali the breakthrough and exploit the breech And, variations can not And the other with a little luck, enough Mscan be taken to &cause under this rule only these units mn mow possibilities in between these extremes are make the (hrman fwd winter line untenable. on, and then only to the maximum of their covered by the other tournament and optional Never conduct a second invasion until the Panzer rules. And the very nature of warfare in this withdrawal around December 1943. stated movement factor, it is important to utilize theater demands a vwy balanced pame, even The Germans are in a ticklish spot. Enough adjacent forces to attack rather than bringing when every- is authentically reproduoed. This troops ,must be sent to the front to halt or at them from half way acma the board. So one of game can not help but satisfy everyone. least slow to a crawl the invasion. But the allies the components of the problem is solved. By Even after playing only a few games, some can invade again, so the beaches must be defend- allowing a unit to move on after being mconed in basic principals present themselves. At first, the ed. Only elite troops should be sent forward. an attack actually gives a movement bonus AUies must land near Naple, or be doomed to a Limitad movement on the invasion move will reprwnting extraordinary performance in battle metsized army. And because of the Optional allow moat of the infantry to leave their positions and pictures what would happen when the de- Fi Invasion Rule, Salemo is really the only and assume good defensive positions around the fense is overwhelmed much more realistically practical. s&t Do not fail to exercise the South invasion. Never allow a second invasion to exist, that present AH rules do. Additionally, the End Options, however, or the invasion can be however, without counterattacking in the first attacker must consider logistics when planning hi easiiy bottled. turns. attacks and in a more re.aMic way. Naples must be the fmt target, but Foggia The Germans should not attack unless pIenty What about the reaction of the defense to such could be an alternate. Opening this air base of replacement units are available. Weak units are a situation? This also is a part of lightening would allow the allies to move north of the fold extremely vulnerable. Do not defend a port to warfare. Remember, the term comes from both in the board, and attack Naples from the east the death unless the allies are taking mm the speed of the attack and the pattern oj without fear of a Nazi aounterattack with air casualties. Always defend from doubled spots and eonfusing movement behind enemy lines taken by support. place forts in tripIed squans great importance. the breakthrough forces to make it difficult for of Napls is not so important, however that the The actual Iocation of the htwinter line should ,the enemy to loate them and concenbate. That allies should grab it at any opportunity. Defense be ideal. Do not waste forts on an undoubled means that some form of reaction must be of the city from the north is difficult unless the square. altowed the defender. river line and a!l the surrounding hi are secured. These are lessons learned the hard way. Take Simultaneous movement in a two player game Any German foothold against an undoubled them or leave them. Send all comments and involving a large number of units is just tm position will allow second and third mmbat right criticisms to: impractical; yet some reagonable dution allowing into the port. 3e careful! movement by the defense prior to breakthrough Allied tactics are nelyslow and deliber- movement by the attacker taking place is neces- ate. Can must be taken that attacking units do Norman Beweridge, Jr. sary. Therefore, the defender is permitted to not present an option for second combat back 4822 Kin$-er Houston, 77035 I I react to attacks by moving any unit not actuany into the rear areaa Texas THE GENERAL

Home Before t-he Leaves Fall

not the objective. The essential thing is to crush With this in mind, the Gerrnan should be By Scotty Bowden the enemy's flanks and complete the extermination content to just keep Allied player from breaking by attack upon his rear. " through between Strassburg and Metz. AIso, Mstz However, Schlieffen did not have enough men will be in danger most of the game. In some for a double envelopment of France coupe de instances, it may fall, and in others, it will be a As co-captain of s4rlington Hi&% basketsat1 Cannae. He did, however, come up with a heavily French grave. If the former results, the German Wm, and Ruadmn Commander of the 1565 lopsided right wing, that would dorm onto the shouldn't have any worries about taking it by the AFJROTC Scotty Bowden is a natural for AH Belgium plain and then crushingly fall upon the thirty-ninth turn. Remember, more positions are French left flank in a classic battle of annihilation. taken by fear than the enemy's gunfire. warpming. Being in his '%ixth par of wrgam- From this strategy, one can give a cold, hard, ing," Bowden's interest in ihe historical side of evaluation to Schliffen's plan. Firstly, since the THE wargaming led him to comment that, 'Ristory German lacks enough uniis for a French Cannae, EASTERN FRONT provides most capital strategic and &tical an- and the French right is heavily fortified, both swers to many wsrgaming quesObna" natural and man-made, Schlieffen's plan for a The huge Motherland to the east presented single envelopment bears the most fruits for another problem for the Chief of Staff. Writing on victory. By attacking "the heart of France", the this, Schlieffen said, " . . . the whole of Germany must throw itself upon ONE enemy, the strongest, As history relates to us, from September fifth Germans have the opportunity of the following: I. Access to perfect terrain for mobility and mod powerful, most dangerous enemy, and that through ninth, the expended German First, Sec- can only be France." ond, and Third Armies were checked at the river battles of attrition. Leaving East Prussia to be guarded by nine Marne, which afterwards withdrew to the Aisne. 2. Pathway to important economic and coastal squares divisions was a risk, but again digging back in time, By December, 19 14, General von Moltke, Chief that are difficult to defend because of Schlieffen read Frederick the Great's words: "It is of the German General Staff, was asking a question the terrain. better to lose a province than split the forces with that confronts many wargarners today, that being: 3. The difficulty that confronts the Allied player which one meks victory." "How can the Germans achieve decisive victory in on holding "the heart of France's" perfect Therefore, Germany could only finish off 1914?" terrain. France quickly by smothering the Western fire With his exhausted troops peering out of their With a massive right wing, the German should with the utmost water. Large numbers and the trenches at the Western Allies, the once seemingly include all of his cavalry and artillery batteries and Belgium pathway were, in Schlieffen's opinion, the men invincible Ge~manarmies were definitely at least 20 "A" corps, accompanied with "R only way to bring France to defeat. This reasoning, strained on a 400 mile front, extending from the corps. as it stood in 1906, was from the military point of North Sea to the Swiss border. Along with the The initial phase of the right wing offensive is to view, magnif~cient. consolidation of the Western Front, went every cross the Meuse, capturing Namur and Liege, after Central Power hope for a decisive victory until the which the German storms onto the Belgium plain, THE ACTUAL EXECUTION Russian horde could k whipped to her knees perhaps meeting the massed AUies. Time laps for Another question remains today. Why were the this phase is approximately eight to twelve turns. General von Moltke, Schlieffen's successor, was Germans denied annilating victory on the Western The second, and most important phase, comes not so extroverted as his predecessor. His fear of Front? The two preceding questions provide a approximately between the eighth and twenty-fifth the weak left quickly wing hung Germany. He stumbling block to many, yet the answers to this turns. This is usually when the game's outcome is borrowed strength from the ri@t wing until the puzzle are found in the pages of history, dating decided. During this phase, the German should left wing was brought up to forty-two per wnt of from 1891. strive to advance as far as the Paris-Rheimdedan the right. Count Alfred von Schlieffen, Chief of me line, which will positively end in certain disaster This is how Moltke buried the Schlieffen Plan. German General Staff, (1891-1908) was, like all for the Allies. However, should the German be Undoubtably, by Septemkr 5, Moltke wished for Prussian officers, schooled in Clausewitz's Axiom, definitely halted, without achieving major territori- those corps which he borrowed from the fight to "The heart of France lies between Brussels and al gains, the German mycan be marked off as give to the left win& Schlieffen's plan had left a Paris." This, indeed, must have been a disparing finished. temptation which Moltke took, and when he bil precept because the French heart and the German The third phase of the offensive, approximately into the apple, he found it deadly poisonous. fist was blocked by Belgium neutrality, which the twenty-fifth through thirty-ninth turns, will Germany had guaranteed infinately. Nevertheless, only bear fruit if the second phase is a success. RETROSPECT Beburn neutrality, Schlieffen decided, was not to Advancing from the Pmis-Rheims-Sedan Ijne, the stand in the way of Germany's destiny. Thus, the German Armies will sweep across France like a The bloodbath of 19141918 has been one o coin had been tossed, and when it came down, huge invincible syth, totally eliminating the Allies the darkest stains on man's history. No matter ho~ both sides came up with the head of King Albert. as effective fighting armies. succdd the 1914 German venture could have But, who was the person that inspired Schlieffen been, it probably would not have saved Germany to undertake and master this invasion of Western THE CENTRAL PIVOT from inevitable defeat. Moltkc's blunders may have Europe? simply hastened Germany's surrender. Chwwita, the idol of German ditary thought, The Central Front, or pivot, is considered from Remember, the German pursuit must destroy had always achieved quick victory by applying the Longwy to Givet, or perhaps Maubeuge. The the Allied troops as effective fighting units by the first object of an offensive war; decisive battle. He purposes of the Central front troops are to press twenty-fifth turn. Otherwise, a slugging match may femed that the protracted war of attrition would, attacks along the specified line, tying down as result, evolving into a sevk German setback inevitable, lead to an uncertain outcome. History many precious French corps as posible. The during the initial year of conflict. was to prove his forsight. Central Pivot must always be a potential striking Above all, don't forget Schlieffen's last words: force as well as stout defensive group. "It must come to a fight. Only make the right wing WERIGHT WING strong." THE LEFT WING If you follow his general line of strategy, then Gaining knowledge from CIausewitz' Von Kriege the Kaiser's farewell words to his troops: "You will and Prinetples of War,Schlieffen decided to crush As drawn up in 1905, the German left wing, the be home before the leaves have fallen from the France by modifying a strategem used by Hannibal protector of Ahamhrraine, was to have fifteen trees," may not be a fantastic dream afterall. at the Battle of Cannae. Two thousand years ago, per cent strength of that of the right wing, thus Hannibal swallowed the Romans in a classic double luring the French into their lost territory of the Sootty Bowden envelopment. Schlieffen wrote: . . . the principles FrancwPrussian War, therefore, moving away from 1106 Greenbriar Lane of strategy remain unchanged. The enemy's front is the decisive arena of baffle. Arlington, Texas 76010

THE GENERAL PAGE 12 Ofiial Avalon Hill Game CZu bs... The clubs listed below supplement the initial listing made in the Jan-Feb 1968 issue. Due to space limitations, we have not repeated any prior listings although many have forwarded us updated information. The purpose of this Iisting is simply Q: Can't the game be shortened by rnakmg it to provide basic information to those readers looking for new clubs. unnecessary to use exact units? A: Yes Enter and withdraw units by factor and CLUB PRESIDENT MEMBERSHIP type alone. This will change the withdrawal nhes however, and the substihte rule as well. Thus, The Afabama Confederation Harold 5. Mitchell when exact units aren't used, withdrawals will be 265 Woodlands Ave. by type and factor, too. Mobile, Alabama 36607 Q: On the first turn surprise table, if a three is rolled, in a 1-2 attack, how can the attacker The Legion Bruce A. Macchaverna advank since the defender doesn't retreat? 925 N. Tyndall Ave. A: There is an error on the table - there Tucson, Arizona 85799 should be an R in the defender's trlngle. The Master Race Joseph Mitchell Q: What kind of Ersatz counters can be used to 4537 E. Talmadge Dr. build back up panmrgrenadiers? San Diego, California 921 16 A: Any kind. Kriegspiel Expeditionary Force Doug Kent or Q: What happens at odds of less than 1-2, 5321 Carley Avenue more than 3-1, when the first turn surprise chart Whittier, California 80601 is used? A. At less than 1-2, use the regular table. At Liebstandarte A. Hitlw Greg Plese more than 3-1, you have a choice of the regular 5730 Elm Street table or the 3-1 on the surprise table. Lisle, Illinois 80532 Q: Can partisans destroy forts? Realm of the Ring Lords Ronald Jacob A: No, nor can partisans end their turn on a 801 N. Cherry fort. Ottawa, Kansas 66067 Q: The German OA Card and the Battle Manual The Berkshire Expeditionary Force, Jon Jeffrey Kegler (page 9) seem to be in conflict over when certain RFD West Road panzer units should be withdmwn. Which is Lee, Massachusetts 01238 correct? A: The battle manual: Jan I, 1944 Logic & Skill Rich Palluxi Q: A German unit in a fort - can it attack 2W Princeton Avenue through a High Apennine hex side without suffer- Jersey City, N.J. 07805 ing a penalty? (ie., attack at half factor) Third Reich IE.P.6.) Carl Pawlak A: Yes - the fort allows the attack to be made 114 Pierce Street without the penalty. Buffalo, N.V. 142a Q: What happens if the SS Bde RFSS is lost RudlA. Tulp before the 16SS Div enters the game? British Expeditionary Force A: Using the UET, two attack factors must be 433 Parkside Avenue lost before the Division is brought on. Using the Buffalo, N.Y. 14216 SRT, two steps must be lost if the brigade has The Dennis Hart Memorial Dennis Hart been destroyed. Fireman's Brigade 2700 W. Genegee Solvay, N.Y. 13209 Q. May fractions of moves be carried over from one road to-another? Frei korps JPFfrey Gillin A. Yes For example, a unit may move four on 945 Fifth Avenue a mad, three squares across country to another New York City 10021 mad, and then move one more square on that Waldorf Organized Wargamen Richard A. Golden road {same road or different road). 18 R oval Road Q. If attacking armor become "engaged," may Rockville Centar, N.Y. 11570 they on the next turn move away and have other, l RGUN Richard A. -per new, units take their place in the engagement? 21 15 Valentines Road A. Yes, but at least one of the originally Westbury, M.Y. 1 1 590 engaged units must remain on each square that new units are brought into. 1st Nordwestlich Panzer Spatung Der Fueher 3328 S.E. Crystal Springs Blvd. Q. If a river and a road are on the same square, can units cross the river there without delay? Portland, Oregon A. ONLY if the road CROSSES the river on Feldherrn Tyrone Bornba that square. Bastogne cannot be taken on the 405 Fireline Road first mwe. Bowmanstown, Pa. 18030 D-DAY Aggres~rHomeland Naval Command Raymond K. Winner Q. What are the corps counters for? 224 Lincoln Avenue A. Originally they were meant for substitute Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17603 counters. The substitution did not save time; so The Playmate Club Dan Carman the idea was dropped. Box Ill8 Q. May units stop on the dyke? Vilanova U. Pennsylvania 19085 A. Yes. Battle Grwp Dwane A. Aldrich Q. May paratroops land on the dyke? 6802 Woodlawn Ave. A. No. Seattle, Washington 98115 THE GENERAL ------PAGE 13 1 OPPONENTS WANTED ADVERTISEMENT Club Reg.strat;on 1 1 Please print or type your advertisement on the spaces provided below, maximum All Avalon Hill clubs are urged to 1 {including your name and address) 35 words per ad. register officially with The General. Those who have registered previously I need only to complete the form in the I event of an addresschange.4 I Club Name I

Address I Mailing I Name of Newsletter or Mag. (if any) I I I 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 WORDS Total Member ship I All ads are inserted as a free service to full-year subscribers. Only one ad per subscriber per issue is allowed. Ads will not be repeated from issue to issue, President's Signature I I however, subscribers may re-submit the same ad, or new ads, for each succeeding (Check One): I issue. Ads received after the 15th of the month preceding publication will appear -This is a first time registration I in the foIlowing issue. No ads will be accepted unless printed on this form. I - This is an address change registra- tion. I Contest No. 33 This Isue's Best??? HIT RECORD Don't forget to vote on what you consider are BOW SECOWUARY STERN the three best articles in this issue. . . record your TURRETS kYAMENT TURRETS MID-SHIPS selections where provided on the Contest Entry BISMARCK -1 @? Blank below. KnrG 6EOR6E V EiTUU m ffl UEUl Subscriber PRINCEOF WALE The Hit Record sheet shows the damage that Your suggestion for Next Game has been inflicted on all ships engaging the Bismarck on the 3rd May 27th turn. The Bis- Be sure to list the title of the next game you Discount marck has just been sunk but has five shots would like to see published - consult Philosophy coming to it. It is directing its five shob against Part 77 for titles. Also, make sure you write in the damaged Prince of Wales. If all five hit home, the headlines of what you consider are the three The coupon below is for the benefit of the the Prince of Wales hits bottom and the German best articles in this issue. full-year subscriber. As soon as you have aczumu- player can win the game. Select Stocks from: lated 4 such coupons, you are entitled to a $1.00 On the BROADSIDE EXCHANGE PLAN, discount applied to the purchase of any Avalon write in a stmk selected from the accompanying Ampex General Electric Goodrich Hill merchandise; including games, play-by-mail list to act as the die roll for each of the five Ford Korvett e Martin Mar kits, parts, and copiff of The General. Each broadside shots coming to the Bismarck. Chrysler Motorola Sears coupon is worth 25 cenk However, to be valid The New York Stock Exchange rffults of Goodirear Polaroid Zenith your order must be accompanied by a minimum Wednesday, October 15, 1969 will be consulted. I,B,M. White Motor Food Fair of 4 coupons ($1.00'~ worth) per order. Of The last digit of the sales-in-hundreds column for course, you may send along any number abwe each stock selected will determine whether or not 0 ROADSIDE E~CHANGEPLAN the 4 minimum. No photostats please.. . the shots have hit home. Sale$-in-hundreds last digit numbers of 0, 1, 2, Stock GOOD TOWARD THE PURCHASE OF ALL and 3 will be midships hits; all other numbers AVALOM HILL PRODUCTS will be misses. Ten contestants sinking, or coming clomt to sinking the Prince of Wates will be named as winners. Entries must be postmarked no later than October 14, 1969.

I would like to see s as Avalon Hill's next battle game. SAVE THIS COUPON 1 Headlines of 3 Best Articles: I GOODTOWARDTHEPURCHASE I Name OFhLLAVAbONHlLL PRODUCTS I Address, B SEPT - OCT 69 I city State B--u--3-~ I '1 THE GENERAL

wmbt st that time dtedmainly olairw rifle duds, with only lem suaab NM unffl 1915 did the air wm tgcslate m include singheat fighter ucratt. b,the mating -rial doglights that Valamrt ckwlbts cannot k induded in 1914 ~g a dYicaddition. For the & 01 tba mdtn or the Carmd. 1 bopWenDLowhmtorepDlttolkUYab~ murt s&mchousr oT dim" br ury more rdb tic sddltlons in our Avalon M ems. MichpelLCarr W5 W. Hoyt Avenue Saint Paul, Minnsarta 55 117

DeuSir: WYlr. Gtrdmm:: Iun~l~dAvalwmm Ln ywr let& in ih Wrmclssuc of m4 vmy m+ when I rcad ycm hi Ged. I we tud 'Tannon Cumpw" adTmk Cmd. pu want warmrnm to & m-Nszi wlo barn of the httar afkktter of Pd' unit4, d that In thorn sdto be a Kom orientea mss for thair dub% Well, thc lditlc mticism of your prductr. 1 thhk sII wwmm diFfmm Mwmn ertiUery snd Infsnuy unik It Dent Sr: nams yw are unmlmblt iar two Femns: should renumber that Avalm fill was tho vnrj dews on what Wtl d -&tion you m hs s purchaser of Avslon Will pmducb rim they am2 tmlnvsn1 and they are uylm FIRST company that publkhed rvaqlames im the 1958, and as a suhepmtr to the Cencd,1 hnve lalkii abd.r ta whether or npl tho ha m WhocmhuudofanAHmt&ichirnohc. rert mahny Of tlu puw. wkd the Mnpinht in military mink deployed b+ hUndion; and, of m,on fhc tho S.D.S. or tb C.I.A? And nho wants m Ithinkthrvmtlcttcr-tkontbym. ~'f'hh1.~dbytkbeberototha rime gcriod oP LC grma tiapolewic dm idcetlPy~wHlibzSDLorIhaM.frs? CkmT Wslrmsm aBo ia hia own way lrbd b -3Ms' q- a% lo vhac lbv mt aWw kcpt m,dky. sod inhW-te ~only~rn~bwrcb~h.~hUm on the Per diizl! wery sin& .mcle h m LlayJunt -mdinlaaomdIbemjordcf&d &him infwmstion slbjxL ha% hals ?he fflcllowrh nvo mwnkwould be d Gcd. AsIImk o#rhirlettat -tome WaMrbo iP iht tht dmyie jugt a kid of inter& to them: ALNAVCO, Box 3, W&ld, thi he dIdW ~TUY We.He also Hmt to lx "Cwl InPmln", with m pvvhhn lor wrr di why Nw Jew WWl, tcl. 7.01 - 2325816: mnd, wing to tdl you how to NU your busine5. cultraring it into a knOd10ut punch el tht Now, most pmwp wsrgamtn m8th~ after WaWcn SS formations. it's 18 Hillside Aumue, Waat Tim Fox enmy's wdmt pint The #ems Impmwa mk chb GH.Q., bcmtraw. becaw thert fr towthin@ex&g and deodly in New York lW3. 58 CUM IY if am almply chaw tha shcklng rulc6, thoabhFku~dhlh~Htad~1ALNAVCU &lim in World Wu I1 minii Grand RWidq 49507 limimltlng the h of stacks to+ my, 12 wmbal lrmt~s~,nomzmthsa&ahI indudkg Amsrlcaa. Brltlsh pod Gtrmou factmq but artillray to sU MUmt rurcs ~~~rimIbsW~en9S,mdIWMa ad utmay. For tbe nant buff. hit dAh# i. acr sf: ~ly,rrllhlarpsd~morslc~Im%tha~hm,adac~~tbersmc h is a lBPUsPC NmI Di*iDiOn d~kAs~wy~~~ray~bovthowrIm~W Fim I bajm ycu lritl .llopr me the wwmnl- rbwt thnm be-- they arr lmgatanr ham, mirintnrc ship m&k ty b th& all or Ihc psopk who hars ant me rwely, li tk tlw sreale is a mmth maw& m you~b~mcmw~thstaomanyG.HQ.. unlke AWWO. docs not ~i.lim Cmt bib make. Yw fall to thd in any period d mllitary minlatm btwd kt- wiwmy ddmin The Cenml, and ench mwc. but of not 11! A-I4 pm mli m to apobelzc to Uxm lor my foilurn to answer have such the scalsp. Wattolw. Bulge, Gcttya thorn existed two diinct SS owl~llom. their offwln@ From Assyrhn archere, to atl of us rsason to mdaM i utillery. ta them. I ltill hm most oi the IHttm, and, bum to nsm a fw oft hand, 40 nM. ad om you and haw Naphnk Civil War wdry. hwMy, om of day. rn b. abk to & dnw cutalnly hnpriant in d tW ih Alkmth SS rmn. or * mbrop I am In m way coancd wlth Wse mm am oum ow wlh but whnt with publmm? bmttlra. I admit 1 haw no mgk bmnrlr. la worl;dinatrmitycampr%othcr~~ panier except as a smm iu my &tion. a~lar ~dqmrt#srollmthoi-k mmdz monlcinm Ibs dthoryh ~w~ss,w~~d~~~ud offa tkir only m an U to other -!ilsod~dtbcyere~ha WeUM-bc- mme~duti~I~myl~dy.it~ybc%rpIkh * mt lam d 'butchh" hlddPl ahqthnalriahitdbe- -hIrml;onthcwSloftImnp~ hjqm~sre~. John B. bthcr Dr. &mum' mm- phytr. I bellwe mrale and the hdq- 1 bope I've ctltwltnlal yw.. Route 1, Box 46 Mly,with mwd 32710 mem la &nml 6r2. 1 mwi dimpe. I do no1 W anwotlc Whrr, with P dmelmnt W M~Y DcLand, Plaid. know that former Seercraty MncNamara never datmining the cornhat aPlsetivrnem of unm 19465 Wt.ee Shxt We m1gh1 polnr our lhar ALNAYCO b aho n Northtidgc, Canfomia 91324 adwad any aurh aydum, md, as a mnttcr of whkh have bwn cut OK m nwtly sumrundad ~~lerafAH~#~~nadi~Imrdl~,T4ey fact. I was once mufrod to prrtiei in an the edds bekg chr@ dbto me bss& my bu able m swpply hrrn M suwbws "m&~&~jlW lbwt ar ~~t er the ertmplc I quutas piows with tbem; but ihk WC #&krr'nmmnm -AH w in my article. OF mvm IBid not mploy cab iha mrm% Ye& h car se~~hfor mIkm. tbt %-hc 01 &em ~CE~tbcrrIs~lrbiEhwmld466mmhthe =dW In my amp, hI31 fm ol ~IY~iWt~w~a~ aoFurity. and Tor duny af -but tb cddto ta Ulc dwth" do vutioo; W mldin fsd sou sib: Dur Gclrcrel; wucor at+lii Uvatues- fcr the alrcnfi ao, m mlzhS petl~~her, cr bolt 'Ik July-AuW hewar quite wll dtten As many peopk have &en out sgjnsi the prformmec In aeh d several miasions and tht only hode leFt In &e unhirckment In PBM wi& just nncugh artides on games with Mr. SNCL In anger Iwish to put a Few btforu eeeumulnting thm to pt a "net cfFMth2nwV to :hi& Is not cnay W work, but In iacbt%Faer pm Johnson's 'Aychoannly&Psn II"o!ktthg tht tht resdera of the Central. mmpuie a ~&ePraetivmas ratio is very meh it cdy rqubes a mm Lsbb and m-m ahnpk Psriour with hum. Mnny club &rn wn m a bunch 01 nu& Wsll wlth ua and vra t ~mmid, nctun& m~toyod rvles # to when unit is Plcod dtb mrm$ Lslrrencc Vmlenmurt'r Wry or lff,rcmnmb someti- 1 m.But Ir bclng nuta k wan- m In evd'amiin& fhc TFX Tb~eis &g a~ vuy +lmm It ba badn thm- with #&m=manl#lDriationmadgarm.butit ~W~~~i2BdPndonthcoldcr -withthispocodlsc,~thatl4ku cut fl. Wr hw. 4 ULC ruk tht if I. hadtaoIlrrsOnc,thYttdlsq~shdd 01 Mastun Chm iim We Arc Nu& lr hoMing mt & only udyh urad in mn enemy d.on the nrxt mora. at di I mu, hnvewfyantmmmwhkbw-Slaectd~ towmmnb fcu& ~(msnydwhifbm ht tbDsc .rho apply It UGG quite ofkn nihm thm ndkicd~u~~cumllrillUrn -U two *.I Iwl tblr aach guad- ~ke)u-mmwthtnweualfthrBorrd ~tdlkpiin~krc€waa~~mobq mdaaornotThismaLnItl0ptstinlpmeg rm dwukl be allowed tua Bi@m L tum Ah+ ol Dmtm (lk SNCL I6 mnv a psrt or R& anwrt manqement, mdalthmgh th& phmin# J. E Powdk. Ph D. whsl the hcdr dmhe ptthe idta d fishtcr Powell Inc,) ue to be dled dictatwial hum may red In sciwrtifimlly most elmnt 12051 Laurel Tam quadruns in 1914! Roland Gsm did not dwel- they axmino wniml ova whom and whm th& Wlom, it may mt be tk pvpl system lw Studfc City, Califomis 916W op hla sukMnl sfoclpIsMd pmpsllar until tha money will be mtthcn so be It maat 1 rocsn tht exmu& of thc Spltlm, & 01 1915. UnW then tbc only tPrccttvc and In rBat it should bo &&nt to my wr ~was~~o~oacml~on. depndablt wyeC gPundiw the ciwrny w*~rby mmbm sUU Wen portha d SNCL warn* nte of dlmb. It wm inP& -: bombingor~AdbaldeqIhcRc$BMn potiFy.mbOPrd~~~~llmt tothtMerrorechdtinuasi&~ Fd 3ike to cmment m Bwkmdn WMdill~liddOfliOthtnUbOfl run into uamy W must mme hm a0 BmL #dYWmk aswc& and lo tho MIUIUIII~I mwc 00 "...Aaslo wiRedly m" s~wuat.Sud~ what 16 dm4th the rnw w* tbe ME109 w- wiady &em Ilir Gumm &%rm is fairly good nMm& I h Rmdd Jamb huldkuptotbeboud "btt d suparia rirplsna But tht Spin a httm om. He iP right to #ka minimurn of 801 N. NMYmthOrnOIclublvcchsrBea Wrt smplwcd in en OpWtimIal m-ent units to the allled mpwon the Brsl nun but Ottawa. Kansrs 66M7 I. Tho SNCL has no blacklist. and dlngto a rtratow whlch made maxi- his at& on G46 muId be mrrounded nnd wed 2. It laab no Cestu~OFganlaa~nk mum w d its sdvantqs and ' ' ' I thz outYY isaunckantwmamm I-ZaItane 3. Them m IW oiticm in our club ordering mmnhm: llM rnlt wn the he w tlu, slurd &'owe on the 7-1 on hir unit at 5%.I mrmbeta around ~owhid~rvtpuUw~~dB~~npu~adubtevnit~~topmw musirs 4. Our mnktion has drarticplly chansLd iW What ned L not ad)+" a mcbm~~tul#notpu~roomdtrm I m pmnptul mdbyyouam~cmlryl~v~swpe lo thz kt ycr. You ow14 w web - G46.Cou~by~~capaC~ mrhd lo ae hld knbw "-nm" but W.la W& mm Vaknm~rt'smc "Air Pwor In 1914" whd haw w. hk€simto~t~rmtl"tmilit.ryqdpdf.dMhFtiR md rrc mh,d dy or Vol. 6. Na 2. 5. WB no 1- d& in dub polltler in mcatiaMd~binminWdthetth8miw in the gsmc. I don't hidx it5 my W to PcrmnaW, I don't play too m& 1914 @. WW. mr pdze fw ord plaea. For Ifurther explsnr- eliminate Iwhole stacl; when a hdfelim Is allsd Hormvcr. lor the hebe of to% who do, I 6. Tl~oQldinal Rulm. Leqw rules. htcd knof them view& see the forthcoming book by for a6 hu mt~IIk your rules dlrrn nn wuld like to act tRt recad straat and ~Imrup tUlCt 141 Imqw -kt 1. B Porrm& and Stoh T. hny,A SrmMm dim. of units Just Wdy enough to E~VQth. mmt miewnsgtians that npWin Mr. Vnlm 7. Tba SAC amment h ownplubly of Tecknmbw lhn& Ls Wvt WBI. aIkdPdIOr~alim.~mlntheltllcstomurt's utidc. M. Wtb- totbccum~ntawgamcd~Iak at 1-2 IS g~odrd* in cmt 11 a nl bt muad4kRRinthefmi~ot In -vy let E ray ibt Iwould likt to ree am~~tbmlIhmfmdtbepxd ~inChmIbccauaenHcBmlvWl~ WmrldWnIwpettymuchfoueLadg&aith all rmd to poopk myiq that an ue -Ihlg -mibbradrmtLt- h#mk~*~f.Ftonubirith~mlyuudtawmpbatPorislbmnbinlmdaairl w'rc mt. Imuat .II $& -lea ta WYI~us mcr;"pd=wrnrrarllia~phy.bk- -0. neiUlcr d rbich wu WbPy fw upidah informstion belm 1h #dim is not dl that MlyImpslrrd; md dfecWe. Mr. Valmmm thb Rirty ck dwrw and wMaccudonc may Idd that had the Frwch Army mcm- kecpthiahismidmdLw*Porod4*srilh"-lV' but v&n ha aturts dkwiw Wtar quadm hid Its mor into disisions and not dkqew tn Wmm. and mial do&hta ht has pwtoo lar. Rustll Powell those sphndid tanh wt anmq W isfantry in Robert ReuschleIn The lad two -sph of of histkle nit hsidsnt. RudPod IN. bunk& the PaoB Fmmi& -just might - 2225 Keyu Avmr simply ram In 1914 hm Mm IM John Avtnut hnvcha8adiFfeRnt~ArdIdospomto Wiaowsln 53711 Wb wUIdm~" of W Md lir hm.CaEFrmL rn