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Del Nacer Y El Vivir. Fragmentos Para Una Historia De La Vida En La Baja

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Del Nacer Y El Vivir. Fragmentos Para Una Historia De La Vida En La Baja de La versión original y completa de esta obra debe consultarse en: https://ifc.dpz.es/publicaciones/ebooks/id/2510 Esta obra está sujeta a la licencia CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Internacional de Creative Commons que determina lo siguiente: • BY (Reconocimiento): Debe reconocer adecuadamente la autoría, proporcionar un enlace a la licencia e indicar si se han realizado cambios. Puede hacerlo de cualquier manera razonable, pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene el apoyo del licenciador o lo recibe por el uso que hace. • NC (No comercial): La explotación de la obra queda limitada a usos no comerciales. • ND (Sin obras derivadas): La autorización para explotar la obra no incluye la transformación para crear una obra derivada. Para ver una copia de esta licencia, visite https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/deed.es. Del nacer y el vivir Fragmentos para una historia de la vida en la Baja Edad Media María del Carmen García Herrero COLECCIÓN DE LETRAS Del nacer y el vivir Fragmentos para una historia de la vida en la Baja Edad Media María del Carmen García Herrero Edición a cargo de Ángela Muñoz Fernández Institución «Fernando el Católico» (C.S.I.C.) Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza ZARAGOZA, 2005 PUBLICACIÓN NÚMERO 2.526 DE LA INSTITUCIÓN «FERNANDO EL CATÓLICO» (EXCMA. DIPUTACIÓN DE ZARAGOZA) PLAZA DE ESPAÑA, 2 • 50071 ZARAGOZA (ESPAÑA) TELS. [34] 976 28 88 78/79 • FAX [34] 976 28 88 69 [email protected] www.ifc.dpz.es © María del Carmen García Herrero. © De la presente edición, Institución «Fernando el Católico». ISBN: 84-7820-785-6 DEPÓSITO LEGAL: Z-1.578/2005 PREIMPRESIÓN: Ebro Composición, S.L. Zaragoza. IMPRESIÓN:Navarro & Navarro, Impresores. Zaragoza. IMPRESO EN ESPAÑA-UNIÓN EUROPEA. A Carmen Herrero Navas y José García Rampérez, mis padres, esa pareja encantadora. ALGUNAS PALABRAS PREVIAS Vi la película Amanece, que no es poco de José Luis Cuerda con sorpresa y regocijo. Recuerdo ahora parte de una escena, aquella en la que en la cantina conversaban un autor novel, que acababa de terminar su primera novela, y un muchacho del pueblo aspirante a intelectual. El segundo pedía al escritor que le dejara leer su libro, y éste se negaba rotundamente con un argumento que entonces me pareció tan divertido como surrealista: no quería que le leyera la novela porque, decía, iba a leerla mal y la estropearía. Sonrío al evocar aquel diálogo, pero ya no lo encuentro tan onírico. Hay lecturas desmemoriadas que condenan al anonimato; las hay desvitalizantes, que merman o tergiversan, hay otras que, a falta de mejor adjetivo, podemos llamar más o menos «neutrales», y existen también lecturas críticas, atentas y apre- ciativas que no sólo no achican sino que, señalando por dón- de avanzar, extraen lo mejor de una aportación para recono- cerlo, nombrar autoría, aprovecharlo y seguir adelante, que creo que es de lo que se trata en cualquier campo de conoci- miento. Ángela Muñoz Fernán dez es gran lectora y, desde lue- go, muy generosa. Cuando Ángela me propuso editar en una miscelánea algu- nos textos míos publicados en diversos momentos y lugares, su sugerencia, como la película citada, me causó sorpresa y regocijo. Su idea me trajo ecos de Sostiene Pereira de Tabucchi y de sus anticipadas notas necrológicas y un sonido de músi- ca de fondo de acto jubilar, pero su lucidez y cariño me hicie- ron ver que no se trataba de algo insensato y menos aún de [ 7 ] ALGUNAS PALABRAS PREVIAS un R.I.P. Ángela emprendió con gusto una tarea fatigosa que yo no hubiera llevado a cabo. A Eliseo Serrano Martín y a la Institución «Fernando el Católico» les interesó el proyecto, por lo cual les estoy muy agradecida, y Juan Ramón Romero Fernández Pacheco suplió con su tenacidad y buen criterio mi desorden y falta de peri- cia informática. Sin su ayuda difícilmente hubiera culminado el libro. Muchas gracias. Una vez más Indalecio Gellida Zaera se puso codo a codo conmigo para realizar los índices de personas y de lugares. Me pregunto si esta generosidad repetitiva de Inda a la hora de «indizar» le será contada como obra meritoria y se traducirá en un mejor lugar de destino y ubicación en el Más Allá. Ojalá. Hoy, cuando me dispongo a entregarles estas páginas, me siento llena de gratitud, emocionada y dichosa por muchos motivos, y no es el menor el poder dedicárselas a mis padres, porque ellos saben tan bien como yo que las raíces de mis tra- bajos se hunden en el tiempo fértil y hermoso del espliego, los girasoles, las dalias y los calabacines. Carmina GARCÍA HERRERO Biescas, 9 de octubre de 2004 [ 8 ] LA VIDA COMO OPERADOR HISTÓRICO En tiempos de pujanza de los estudios sobre cultura escri- ta, con el amplio corolario de temas, expresiones y connota- ciones que tan extenso campo suscita, merecería la pena ini- ciar una profunda reflexión sobre las prácticas de lectura de las distintas comunidades de historiadores e historiadoras y los efectos que dichos hábitos tienen en los procesos de produc- ción y de sanción académica del conocimiento histórico. Cabría tratar de citas, silencios o meros desconocimientos de la bibliografía disponible, pero también de la calidad de lectu- ra, una actividad que va requerida de tiempo, atención y acti- tud receptiva para identificar el hallazgo o el logro ajeno y cimentar en él el trabajo propio en aras del progreso del cono- cimiento histórico. En un orden de reflexión más creativo, todavía relacionado con el anterior, cabría empeñarse a fondo en la búsqueda de enlaces y conversores que pusieran en con- tacto tiempos y campos temáticos disgregados y acantonados en multitud de reductos disciplinares y nos permitieran alum- brar las nuevas síntesis históricas que nuestro tiempo reclama. No parece ser esta la ocasión de adentrarnos en tan comple- jos territorios, pero la sugerencia me resulta cómoda para enmarcar estas páginas introductorias en una escala de media- ciones lectoras que me sitúan entre la autora de los trabajos reunidos en este volumen, María del Carmen García Herrero, y la hipotética comunidad de lectoras y lectores a la que pue- da llegar este libro. Se reúne en este volumen una colección de ensayos publi- cados entre los años 1987 y 2004. Salvo alguna excepción, todos son posteriores a Las mujeres en Zaragoza en el siglo [ 9 ] LA VIDA COMO OPERADOR HISTÓRICO XV 1, la primera gran obra de su autora. Muchos de estos escri- tos han sido especialmente celebrados por expertos de muy diversas disciplinas: historiadores del Derecho, de la Literatura o de la Lengua, medievalistas nacionales y extranjeros o espe- cialistas en Historia de las Mujeres, han percibido el valor y la singularidad de las aportaciones de la profesora García Herrero. Ahora, agrupados, dan forma a un libro de indudable valor y actualidad historiográfica. De su contenido nos da cuenta una extensa relación de palabras clave que incluye voces como matrimonio, viudez, amor o sexualidad; naci- miento, lactancia, crianza e infancia; prostitución, violencia sexual o mecanismos de regulación de conflictos... Toda una gama de vocabulario histórico que pronto se ve trascendida por una rica nomenclatura específica, la que ofrece la extraor- dinaria documentación notarial de los archivos aragoneses en la que se nutre y fundamenta el hacer historiográfico de la autora y que nos permite acceder, gracias a la mediación lec- tora de las fuentes que ella realiza, a una realidad histórica pal- pitante de vida. De ahí que como aglutinante de esta diversi- dad temática proponga como título Del nacer y el vivir. Fragmentos para una historia de la vida en la Baja Edad Media, un enunciado que pretende denotar los intereses y resultados de búsqueda de la autora, pero también sugerir iti- nerarios de reflexión teórica. El marco cronológico y espacial dominante de estos escri- tos nos remite a las sociedades urbanas y rurales aragonesas de finales del Trescientos y del Cuatrocientos. Nos situamos, pues, en un área regional de la península Ibérica dotada de especificidad cultural, la que le fue conferida por el particula- rismo de sus normas y costumbres, pero también por la per- meabilidad de unas fronteras que la abrieron secularmente a los aportes culturales procedentes del mundo traspirenaico y del área mediterránea, tanto peninsular como extrapeninsular. 1 Esta obra, que sin duda constituye un hito historiográfico en el campo de la Historia de las Mujeres en la península Ibérica, está en vías de reedición por las Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza. [ 10 ] DEL NACER Y EL VIVIR. FRAGMENTOS PARA UNA HISTORIA DE LA VIDA EN LA BAJA EDAD MEDIA La compilación se ha estructurado en tres partes y un epílo- go. Estas divisiones, como sucede con la propia vida que la auto- ra trata de captar, son facticias pues, como advertirán los lectores y lectoras, con frecuencia, los temas y personas de unos ensayos remiten a otros formando en su conjunto un rico tapiz de refe- rencias cruzadas sobre el que laten problemáticas, campos de evidencia y reflexiones interrelacionadas. No obstante han pare- cido oportunas para una mejor visibilización de los diversos ejes temáticos que confluyen en la indagación histórica de la autora. Las etapas inaugurales de la vida humana constituyen uno de estos ejes en el que toman relevancia el parto, la crianza y el mundo de la infancia. Nos introduce en este universo de vivencias un trabajo que por las muchas particularidades que en él concurren constituye un «unicum» historiográfico, me refiero a «Del administrar del parto y recibir la criatura», una pie- za singular que aporta luz sobre la desatendida cultura del naci- miento. Su lectura permite acceder al inédito escenario de una cámara de parto, allí, la viuda Isabel de la Caballería, asistida por la reputada madrina Salinas, una de las más prestigiosas comadronas zaragozanas de finales del Cuatrocientos, está a punto de traer un hijo al mundo.
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