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Abdulrahman SHUAIBU Final.Pdf (2.179Mb) PAN-AFRICAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE FOR WATER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (including CLIMATE CHANGE) Master Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master Degree in Water Engineering Presented by Abdulrahman SHUAIBU Flood Reduction through Flood Risk and Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping in Hadejia River Basin, Nigeria Defended on 20/09/2020 Before the Following Committee: Chair Thameur Chaibi Ph.D (INRGREF, Tunisia) Supervisor Aymar Y. Bossa Ph.D (INE/UAC/Benin) Co-Supervisor Jean Hounkpè Ph.D (INE/UAC/Benin) External Examiner Sameh A. Kantouch Ph.D (University of kyoto, Japan) Internal Examiner Guemou Bouabdellah Ph.D (University of Ain Temouchent, Algeria) Academic year 2019-2020 1 DECLARATION I, Abdulrahman SHUAIBU, the undersigned, declare that the thesis entitled “Flood Reduction through Flood Risk and Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping in Hadejia River Basin”, is a result of my own work and that it has not been presented to any other learning institution for a similar award of degree, diploma or other professional. Where other sources of information have been used, they have been acknowledged. I understand that non-adherence to the principle of academic honesty and integrity, misrepresentation/fabrication of any idea/data/fact/source/ will constitute sufficient ground for disciplinary action by the university. 31 July, 2020 Signature Date Abdulrahman SHUAIBU i CERTIFICATION This thesis has been submitted with my approval as the supervisor 31 July, 2020 Signature Date Dr. Aymar Y. Bossa (INE/UAC/Benin) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My deepest and greatest gratitude goes to ‘He who begins the beginning before the beginning began’ for His infinite mercies and kindness in making this study a reality. May His peace and blessings be upon the last prophet, Muhammad (S.A.W), his entire household family and those that follow his footsteps until the last day. I would like to forward my special appreciation to the African Union (AU) through Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy Sciences (PAUWES) including climate change for the award of M.Sc. Pan-African scholarship tenable in Tlemcen-Algeria and research grant to conduct this Master’s thesis. I specially acknowledge and thank the Director of PAUWES Prof. Abdellatif Zerga who work day and night to make PAUWES institute a citadel of character and learning. My appreciation and gratitude goes to the entire staff of PAUWES for their encouragement and mentorship. I am very proud to be part this great institute. I humbly acknowledged and sincerely express gratitude to my able supervisor and co-supervisor Dr. Aymar Y. BOSSA and Dr. Jean HOUNKPE, for their thoroughness, dedication, firm supervision, encouragement, assistance, and moral coaching they gave throughout the various stages of this study. I say a big thank you. My sincere appreciation and gratitude go to Hadejia-Jamaare River Basin Development Authority (HJRBDA) who provided me with a lot of guide and information about the study area. To their staff Engr. Aminu Shorondinki, Engr. Hauwa and Engr. Lawal Jahun who helped in carrying out FGD and field survey May Allah reward you profusely. Lastly, I wish to express my gratitude and appreciation to my parents, brothers and sisters, friends, colleagues and well-wishers for their support. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AHP : Analytical Hierarchy Process DEM : Digital Elevation Model EM-DAT : Emergency Events Data Base FAO : Food and Agricultural Organization GDP : Gross Domestic Product GIS : Geographical Information System HRB : Hadejia River Basin HJRBDA : Hadejia-Jamaare River Basin Development Authority IPCC : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KRIP : Kano River Irrigation Project LGA : Local Government Area LULC : Land Use Land Cover MCA : Multi-criteria Analysis MCDM : Multi-Criteria Decision-Making NiMet : Nigerian Meteorological Agency NPC : National Population Commission NBS : National Bureau Statistics OLI : Operational Land Imagery SDG : Sustainable Development Goal SRTM : Shuttle Radar Topography Mission UNDP : United Nations Development Program UNFCCC : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USGS : United States Geological Survey USD : United State Dollars WHO : World Health Organization iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. i CERTIFICATION .......................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Problem Statement ............................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Research Objective .............................................................................................................. 6 1.3.1. Main Objective.............................................................................................................. 6 1.3.2. Specific Objectives ....................................................................................................... 6 1.4. Research Questions .............................................................................................................. 6 1.5. Relevance of the Study ........................................................................................................ 6 1.6. Thesis Outline ...................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 8 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................ 8 2.1. Review of Flood Events in Nigeria ...................................................................................... 8 2.2. Concept of Flood Risk: A Systematic Approach from Hazard to Risk ............................... 8 2.3. GIS-based Multi-criteria Analysis Approach ...................................................................... 9 2.4. Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) ............................................................................. 10 v 2.5. Flood Risk Assessment using MCA Approach ................................................................. 14 2.6. Flood Hazard and Flood Hazard Assessment .................................................................... 17 2.7. Flood Vulnerability and Flood Vulnerability Assessment................................................. 18 2.8. Disaster Risk Management and Disaster Risk Reduction.................................................. 19 CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 21 3. STUDY AREA ......................................................................................................................... 21 3.1. Location of the Study Area ................................................................................................ 22 3.2. Hydrology and Drainage .................................................................................................... 23 3.2. Geology, Soil and Topography .......................................................................................... 24 3.3. Climate and Vegetation of the Study Area ........................................................................ 24 3.4 Population and Economic Activities of the Study Area ..................................................... 25 CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................................................................... 26 4. METERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................................................... 26 4.1. Materials ............................................................................................................................ 26 4.1.2. Data Types and Data Sources ......................................................................................... 26 4.2. Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 27 4.2.1. Overview of the Methodology .................................................................................... 27 4.2.2. Development of flood hazard indicators and associated maps using MCA ..............
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