EG-Helwan South Power Project The Egyptian Natural Gas Company Raven Natural Gas Pipeline ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

June 2019

Final Report Prepared By:

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ESIA study for RAVEN Pipeline

Pipeline

Rev. Date Prepared By Description Hend Kesseba, Environmental I 9.12.2018 Specialist Draft I Anan Mohamed, Social Expert Hend Kesseba, Environmental II 27.2.2019 Specialist Final I Anan Mohamed, Social Expert Hend Kesseba, Environmental Final June 2019 Specialist Final II Anan Mohamed, Social Expert

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ESIA study for Raven Pipeline

Executive Summary Introduction The Government of Egypt (GoE) has immediate priorities to increase the use of the natural gas as a clean source of energy and let it the main source of energy through developing natural gas fields and new explorations to meet the national gas demand. The western Mediterranean and the northern Alexandria gas fields are planned to be a part from the national plan and expected to produce 900 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD) in 2019. Raven gas field is one of those fields which GASCO (the Egyptian natural gas company) decided to procure, construct and operate a new gas pipeline to transfer rich gas from Raven gas field in north Alexandria to the western desert gas complex (WDGC) and Amreya Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) plant in Alexandria. The extracted gas will be transported through a new gas pipeline, hereunder named ‘’the project’’, with 70 km length and 30’’ inch diameter to WDGC and 5 km length 18” inch diameter to Amreya LPG. The proposed project will be funded from the World Bank(WB) by the excess of fund from the south-helwan project (due to a change in scope of south helwan project, there is loan saving of US$ 74.6 m which GASCO decided to employ it in the proposed project). As stipulated by Egyptian legislations, namely law 4 year 2004 and amendment law 9 year 2009, an Environment and Social Impacts Assessment (ESIA) should be prepared prior to the execution of gas connection projects and approval from the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) should be obtained prior to project commencement. Additionally, as the project is funded from the WB GASCO must ensure that project implementation will adhere to WB standards. EcoConServ had been retained by GASCO to conduct an ESIA complies with the national and international standards.

The proposed pipeline, implemented by Petrojet, GASCO contractor; aims to achieve the government's plan to expand the delivery of natural gas to industry and consumers by increasing the production of both (WDGC) and Amreya Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to contribute to the local market.

Rational of the Environmental and Social impact assessment (ESIA)

This ESIA has been prepared based on the Terms of Reference prepared by GASCO and cleared by the World Bank; additionally, the national requirements regarding scope and detail of assessment and procedure, and gives particular emphasis to public information and stakeholder participation. It will identify and assess significant impacts the proposed project is likely to have on the local population and on human health; on land, soil, water, air and climate; on landscape; on biodiversity; and on cultural heritage. It will identify risks and will suggest mitigation measures where appropriate.

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Approach to the Study

 Kick off meetings with GASCO project’s team to understand their plans and activities related to the proposed project;  Conducting site visits to the project site, to collect the baseline data regarding the current environmental and social situation for the areas crossing by the route of the pipeline;  Reviewing the available information and documents regarding the project including the required governmental permits;  Carry out air and noise measurements in different areas crossing by the pipeline and comparing with national and international allowable limits;  Assessment and evaluation of potential impacts of the proposed project;  Development of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP);  Preparation and performing of the scoping session to analyze the response of the different stakeholders and identify the impact of the stakeholders’ responses on the original work plan  Performing Public Consultation in order to engage local key stakeholders within the governorate and involve them in the revision of the draft findings of the ESIA including the study of the various alternatives; and  Develop an institutional development plan to ensure effective and efficient implementation of the proposed environmental and social management and monitoring activities.

Project Overview The construction of the new pipeline will deliver the natural gas from Rasheed petroleum company ( it is the start point of Raven pipeline located onshore) to WDGC and Amreya LPG in Alexandria Governorate in order to facilitate the potential of future connection of natural gas to other industrial and residential areas in the areas crossing by the pipeline. However, GASCO main role is supplying industrial sector by natural gas not supplying natural gas to residential household. The connection of natural is under the role of the local distributor companies.

The submarine connection between the offshore field to starting point of the route of Raven pipeline is out of the project scope but a separate due diligence study will be prepared for offshore pipeline and also the offshore facility supply gas to the offshore pipeline

The 30’’ pipeline starts from valve Room 1 inside Rasheed Gas company in Edko district, 1 km away from the Mediterranean coast, then southwards to meet the international coastal road and run parallel to it from the north side parallel to the existing 20’’pipeline El Meadia/Edko for 14 km. It passes through Edko Lake and fish farms with a length of about 7 km from 18.800 km to 25.700 km and intersects with Petroleum Companies Road - Abu Bakir Rasheed Road and a number of canal and drainages. There are two valve

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rooms (2 and 3) parallel to the international coastal road from the north side. The pipeline cuts the international coastal road at 32.5 km where the proposed valve room 4 will exist then runs parallel to it from the south side to 42.5 km intersecting with Mahmudiyah canal cuts, Cairo / Alexandria agricultural road and Cairo / Alexandria railway.

Afterwards, it leaves the international coastal road and deviates to south west direction to intersect with the new Mariout Canal and the Dushoudi Drainage then runs parallel to the canal and the drainage from the western side up to 50.2 km where the proposed valve room 5 will be construct. It passes by El Amoom drainage, lake and asphalet road and runs parallel to el Hares el amoomy drainage from south east direction for 57.300 km then it intersects it with el hares (1) drainage to run parallel to the latter drainage from the south direction parallel to Nubaria navigational lake from the east side passing through agriculture lands and the proposed valve room 6 at 66.500 km. Finally, the pipeline cuts Nubaria navigational canal from the westward direction and West Drainage of Nubaria, railway to reach the end point in valve room 7 inside The Western Desert Gas Complex with a total of 70 km and 7 valve rooms (3 exists and 4 proposed) and 18 intersections

18’’ pipeline is branched from 30’’ pipeline . It starts from valve room 1 proposed to be constructed on the proposed Raven 30’’ natural gas pipeline from the south side of el hares el Amoomy Drainage in Alexandria and then runs north-west for a distance of 4.5 km inside a Salt Lake (Malahat) and Maryot lake intersects with nubaria canal to reach the proposed valve room 2’ next to the fence of the existing Amreya Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Company and extend within the company for a distance of 500 meters until it reaches the end point at valve Room 3’ with total distance of 5 km, 3 proposed valve rooms and 3 main intersections(Maryot lake, hares el omoomy Drainage and nubaria canal).

Construction Phase The project will be carried out by Petrojet, a contractor under GASCO’s supervision and control. It is expected that the engineering, procurement and construction phases will collectively take about 24 months. The following activities will be conducted in the construction phase:

• Right of Way(RoW) activities. • Pipe transportation and storage. • Trenching. • Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) or boring for the road crossings • Welding and inspection. • Coating and inspection • Wrapping of joints. • Ditching. • Installation of valves. • Tie-ins

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• Laying fiber-optic cables • Backfilling. • Pigging. • Hydrostatic test. • Dewatering. • Purging& commissioning. • Manufacturing and fittings for valves rooms (including civil, mechanical, and electric components).

The construction of the new gas pipelines will rely on Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) in crossing with waterways, main asphalet roads and railways.

Operation Phase The operation phase is normally functioned through the central control unit through the SCADA system. Normal maintenance and monitoring work will be performed including patrolling to leakages and potential hazards detection. In case of leak detection, or damage in parts of the pipeline, the damaged part will be isolated and the necessary action will be taken according to the emergency response plan of GASCO.

Project Alternatives The main target of the proposed project is to increase the natural gas supply to WDGC and Amreya LPG plant in order to increase the production rate of these plants and also to meet the growing national demand. In case of having “No Action”, this will affect the petrochemical industry in Egypt as Raven gas will be transferred through WDGC and Amreyia LPG to a set of petrochemical materials which are :- 1- Mixture of ethane and propane. 2- propane for export, 3- LPG Accordingly, in case there is no gas from RAVEN, the production of all the previous products can't be increased.. Hence, the “No Action” alternative is not accepted. The preferred route was selected on parameters like:

• Study Area Identification: Identifying major features in the study area like main roadways, residential and commercial areas to help identify constraints during the selection of the routes • Mapping the resources: Existing linear corridors include major streets, waterways, railroads, and utility lines. Existing linear corridors are considered opportunity areas for pipeline routing because they have already been developed and therefore

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are generally considered a compatible land use. In addition, these linear corridors generally provide existing access for construction and maintenance requirements.

In addition, the choice of the pipeline route put into consideration some technical aspects set by GASCO including the following:

• Construct far from residential areas as much as possible; • Cross roads in appropriate areas; • Avoid pipe passage from congested areas; • Accessibility of the construction area and facilitating the implementing of the construction work; • Proximity to the existing gas network as much as possible; • Avoid route crossing by any of cultural heritage areas, graveyards and prayers houses; • Routes run parallel to existing utility lines (such as power lines) Based on these criteria, the line route for the proposed project was chosen. The point of intersection with waterways is chosen in coordination with the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation. At the point where the pipeline will cross Edko lake and the drainages, there are no residential areas located there or anticipated that it will be in future as these areas are classified as prohibited lands to build upon it. The fact that made it the best chosen route of the pipeline. The chosen pipeline route achieves the environmental and social targets, and at the same time aligns with GASCO’s strategy, which aims at choosing routes already containing existing infrastructure (paved roads), and minimizing intersection with residential areas.

Environmental and Social Impacts Positive Impacts

Implementation of the proposed project is expected to lead to a number of positive social and economic benefits, for example:

1. The project is expected to result in the creation of job opportunities in the construction phase, both directly and indirectly;  Expanding the natural gas network will positively provide an energy source to local industries which will indirectly create job opportunities;  Expanding the natural gas network will enhance the national plans to increase the number of natural gas household connections; and  Variation of the energy mix in order to reduce the dependency on imported fuel.

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Environmental Construction Impacts

The main negative impacts expected during the project construction are as follows:

 Dust emissions during the construction phase due to the on-site activities (site preparation, excavation, etc);  The aquatic environment can be impacted in case of improper implementing of HDD while crossing them, disposal of construction wastes or debris in the waterways, and in case of improper disposal of water resulting from hydrostatic testing;  Increase in noise level resulting from the construction equipment, and other excavation and construction works;  The possibility of affecting the existing infrastructure such as water and wastewater networks pipes, telephone connections…etc. during the construction activities;  Management of the different types of waste including domestic, hazardous and construction waste, such as Soil, Concrete, welding belts, used oils, starting from their storage onsite until the final disposal;  Occupational Health and Safety aspects;  Natural disasters that might lead to delays in the work schedule;  Traffic’s impacts due to the increase in the number of trucks transporting construction materials and equipment to the site;  Effect on land use due to the excavation activities and road crossings with the pipeline route during the construction phase;  Adverse effect on the flora and fauna in the project site, especially the agricultural areas, during the season in which the construction activities will be undertaken; and  Accidents and hazards that may occur such as oil leaks from the equipment.

Following the implementation of the listed mitigation measures as mentioned in chapter 8, the significance of the negative impacts is considered to be medium and low.

Environmental Operation Impacts

While the main impact expected during operation is in case of pipeline failure, a significant amount of natural gas will be released and may cause major risks to the surrounding communities and the environment. However, GASCO is applying and following Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) which is a highly sophisticated integrated system used to control the national natural gas pipeline network. The SCADA system performs remote controlling of the valve rooms to adjust the operating pressure and early detection of any change of pressure in pipeline to prevent the leakage of natural gas.

Social Construction Impacts

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 Permanent land acquisition for the establishment of the proposed 4 valve rooms located along the route of the pipeline. In such cases, the common rule of GASCO is to provide full replacement cost for purchasing the land as per the market price (using a willing seller – willing buyer approach) under satisfactory, agreeable and appropriate agreement. It might be roughly suggested that each of the land plots (25m x 45 m) for each of the valve rooms is owned by one farmer.  Temporary land acquisition and the subsequent impact of damaging crops. A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be prepared guided by the WB Resettlement Policy OP 4.12. The RAP involves a full inventory survey for the PAPs and valuation for the compensation that should be paid.  Temporary negative impacts on livelihoods for some small businesses and other industrial activities. The construction works may limit access to those businesses for some time. In some cases, small businesses may be the sole source of impacts for the affected persons.  Potential temporary inconvenience as result of the construction activities. This could be in the form of accumulation of wastes (both construction and domestic waste in the construction areas, associated odor, air emissions, especially dust as a result of excavation. These impacts are of temporary nature and will be of very limited level of severity, particularly since the construction activities will be in farms and not populated areas.  The number of workers varies according to the size of the work in each area; Given the size of population in project sites and the availability of most of services, the limited number of workers (100 workers) which will not lead to either temporarily labor influx nor any significant impact on the community resource. The implementing companies will rely on unskilled labor whom are often from areas adjacent to the project areas. As such, labors are not permanently resident during the project duration, which minimize their presence in the project areas, as well as their limitation to the working hours only. Consequently, it will lead to the absence of potential impacts for high prices or rental values of homes in the project areas. Moreover, there are no potential effects of temporary labor influx on the culture of the society in the project areas.  Risks of damaging existing community infrastructure, especially water pipes that are not mapped, can have detrimental social repercussions. Disruption of other utility services such as electricity and communications can also be a nuisance to those affected. following pipeline network رد( الشئ إلصله)  Streets rehabilitation or restoration installations covered by the Egyptian legal/institutional expression that signifies the responsibility to “restore to original condition”. Delays in street restoration may lead to varying degrees of damage to vehicles, loss of access and business, traffic congestions with associated delays and emissions, and a potentially significant public discontentment.

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Social Operation Impacts

 The possibility of a gas leakage or the occurrence of fires, which could affect the residents in the area, is a concern;  Impacts related to the easement of the RoW: potential expansion of the residential area close to the pipeline routes. The land cannot be used for construction as an urban area after that. This is considered a negative impact to the land owners.  Additional crop damage as a result of maintenance or surveillance activities is also a possibility.  The market value of the land is expected to decrease after construction of the pipeline.

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Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) The following Tables show the ESMP outline for the proposed pipeline during the construction and operation phases. The preliminary cost for the general implementation and supervision for all the proposed mitigation measures was estimated to be according to the general implementation/supervision cost.

Table 0-1 -Mitigation Measures and supervision responsibility during construction and operation phases Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision Construction Air Gaseous Emissions Petrojet, the GASCO HSE site General Contractor supervisor Implementation/su • Implementation of regular pervision cost maintenance schedule for machinery • Ensuring that vehicles and equipment will not be left running unnecessarily to reduce gaseous and exhaust emissions from diesel engines Dust Emissions

• Water spraying before excavation, filling, loading and unloading • Spraying of stockpiles, the storage area will be covered

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision • Using paved routes to access the site wherever possible. • Sheeting of Lorries transporting friable construction materials • Ensuring transportation of construction waste by a licensed contractor • Minimizing drop heights for material transfer activities such as unloading of friable materials • Excavated bypass dust will be treated as hazardous waste. • Liquid waste generated such as Petrojet, the GASCOHSE site  General chemicals and drains should be Contractor supervisor Implement collected in suitable tanks ation/ • The water resulting from the supervision hydrostatic test of the pipeline is cost Water collected in onsite tanks and then is Sampling cost: bodies/Wastewater transported directly to the nearest 6500 EGP/ sample generation waste water treatment plant after coordinating with the wastewater company and MWRI in order to reduce the impacts on the aquatic environment.

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision • Prior coordination with the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI) is necessary. • Minimize the time of exposure of Petrojet, the GASCO HSE site General workers to noise ( refer to table 2- Contractor supervisor Implementation/ 15) supervision cost • Ensuring the use of ear plugs in the field • Training all the workers before the commencement of construction Noise activities about this hazard and how to avoid it • Construction activities will be minimized during night so as not to disturb the surroundings • All machines and vehicles should be shut-off when not used Ecology • Vegetation clearance should be Petrojet, the GASCO HSE site General (Flora and Fauna) limited as much as possible Contractor supervisor Implementation/ • Establishment of 20m wide supervision cost construction corridor • Movement of vehicles should be managed to ensure minimal loss of vegetation

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ESIA study for Raven Pipeline

Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision • Restoring the dug trench-line to its original condition • Restoring the land to its original Petrojet, the GASCO Headquarters General condition at the end of the Contractor Implementation/ construction phase to reduce the supervision cost impacts on the natural habitats. • Hazardous liquids( examples, lube oil and spills from cleaner Land Use cans, spills from used paint brushes, oil and fuel filters) have to be handled carefully in order to avoid the spilling or leaks to the ground (refer to Waste management procedure’’ annex 7) Traffic Congestion • Using signs for drivers before the Petrojet, the GASCO HSE site General commencement of any construction Contractor supervisor Implementation/ activities to inform drivers and supervision cost ensure the safety of the roads • Planning alternative routes when roads are obstructed • Choosing a location for temporary storage of construction materials, equipment, tools, wastes and

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision machinery before construction so as not to cause further traffic disruptions • Avoiding construction work at the traffic peak times whenever possible • Prohibiting uncontrolled off road driving An emergency preparedness response GASCO HSE GASCO Headquarters GASCO plan, which is already prepared by department management cost GASCO, will be in place to give (General instructions about the identification of Implementation/ the potential occurrence of accidents supervision cost) Hazards and Accidents and emergency situations that may occur during the pipeline construction and how to respond to them to reduce the risks and impacts that may be associated with these emergency situations • Identification and use of approved Petrojet , the GASCO HSE site  Hazardous nearby disposal sites through local Contractor supervisor Waste Solid, Construction and authority Disposal: hazardous waste • On-site segregation of wastes 3500 generation according to their types EGP/ton +

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision • Designation and use of appropriate transportati stockpiling locations on site on cost • Covering waste stockpiles to avoid  General ambient air pollution Implement • Daily hauling of waste to disposal ation/super site in covered trucks vision cost • Activities involving fueling, lubricating or adding chemicals will not take place on-site (unless it is necessary) to avoid soil pollution and generation of additional hazardous wastes • Containers of used chemicals and oil will be collected and disposed in an approved hazardous wastes facility • The hazardous liquid waste will be collected in specific drums and transferred by authorized companies ( refer to annex 7 Waste management procedures) • Excavated bypass dust will be disposed as a hazardous waste in the landfill, and will be transported through an authorized company.

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision • Prepare stakeholder engagement plan GASCO GASCO Headquarters GASCO • Awareness raising campaigns should Environmental management cost be tailored in cooperation with the department (General community-based organization Implementation/ • Using caution tapes that help to keep supervision cost) people away of the site • Informing residents about the timeline of the project in order for the residents to know when to avoid certain streets • Install wooden bars or decks over Community Health and trenches to allow safe crossing safety • To avoid any negative impacts of the Temporary Labor Influx on the communities located near the project area, the implemented company should explain the Code of Conduct to workers and make it available in visible spots at the Project’s area of Influence. In addition, they will rely on local workers as much as possible. • Grievance Mechanism is important to ensure that complaints are properly handled immediately and to

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision ensure that information is shared transparently and that they are accountable to the hosting communities. A functioning Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM) is considered to be a good feedback mechanism from the project-affected persons and one tool of the citizen engagement. Complaints should be documented, and identify the best channels to receive complaints that are appropriate to local communities (for more information, refer to Chapter 9).

• Ensure the adequate implementation Petrojet , the GASCO HSE site 1- Training of occupational health and safety Contractor supervisor Cost: 6000 provisions on-site such as providing EGP/traini Occupational Health and the personal protective equipment ng program Safety (PPE) to the workers. 2- General • The site should be provided by all the Implement protective and safety requirements ation/super vision cost

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision stipulated by labor laws and occupational health.

Risk of damaging existing • Consult maps before excavation Petrojet , the GASCO HSE site  General infrastructure work Contractor supervisor Implement • Use of trial pits ation/ • Analysis of accidents logs supervision • If a line break occurs, the nearest cost police department and the Cost of corresponding authority shall be infrastructure informed to repair the damaged line damage will vary according to the type of damage. The cost will be charged on the contractor. RAP document prepared GASCO GASCO Estimated amount Compensation Environmental for crop Providing fair compensation to the land Committee compensation will Temporary land acquisition Department owners for the loss of crops. be according to the and crop damage GASCO Social RAP study Development Officer

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision Ensuring Providing fair market value to GASCO GASCO Social GASCO will Permanent land acquisition the land owners for purchasing the land Compensation Development Officer purchase the land for valve rooms (willing for the valve rooms Committee under willing buyer buyer – willing seller – willing seller approach) scheme This risk should be handled during the GASCO Social GASCO project construction phase and restrict Development Environmental obligations should be applied by the Officer Department contractor which are no child labor in the project and a copy of IDs of laborers Petrojet , the Child Labor are kept in order to monitor the hired Contractor staff.

The implementation company should take into account the Laws and Regulations Related to Child Labor (articles 1, 59, 64) to eliminate the worst forms of child labor

Operation Hazards and Accidents  Scheduled patrolling activities, HSE department at HSE department at GASCO inspection and preventive GASCO (on-site GASCO (central unit management cost maintenance activities section) and administration)  Inspection will include any activities that could potentially lead to damage in the pipeline

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision  In case of emergency, the source of the leak will be isolated until the maintenance team performs the required maintenance  Signs will be posted over the pipeline path showing the numbers to be called in case of emergency

Table 0-2 -Monitoring indicators and responsibility during construction and operation phases Impact Monitoring Responsibility for Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators implementation Duration Cost

Construction Air emissions Inspection of Petrojet , the GASCO Quarterly Documentation Review of General vehicle and Contractor Environmen office schedule implementat machinery tal Officer ion and maintenance supervision

schedule cost

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility for Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators implementation Duration Cost

Exhaust Petrojet , the GASCO Once before Vehicle Sampling of emissions Contractor Environmen construction maintenance site exhaust concentrations tal Officer commenceme emissions from diesel nt, then generators quarterly for each vehicle

Dust Inspection of the Petrojet , the GASCO Daily Construction Site observation General Emissions construction Contractor Environmen site implementat activities tal Officer ion and supervision cost

Risk of Frequency and Petrojet , the GASCO Monthly Documentation Documentation General damaging location of Contractor Environmen office in the monthly Implementat existing damage incidents tal Officer HSE reports and ion/ infrastructure accidents logs supervision cost Cost of infrastructur e damage will vary according to the type of

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility for Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators implementation Duration Cost

damage. The cost will be charged on the contractor.

Observation of Petrojet , the GASCO Weekly Construction Site observation General accumulated Contractor Environmen site implementat waste piles tal Officer ion/ supervision cost

Solid, Observation of Petrojet , the GASCO Daily Construction Site observation General Construction water Contractor Environmen site Implementat accumulations tal Officer ion/ and hazardous resulting from supervision waste dewatering (if generation encountered) cost

Chain-of-custody Petrojet , the GASCO Daily Construction Recording of hazardous and Contractor Environmen site daily waste implementation tal Officer transportation disposal/ton of waste statistics and +transportat management plans records from the ion cost

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility for Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators implementation Duration Cost

waste disposal sites

Sound intensity Petrojet , the GASCO Quarterly, at Construction Noise recording,  General levels and Contractor Environmen least one site reporting in Implement exposure tal Officer measurement monthly reports ation/ durations per supervisio contractor/su n cost b-contractor 1. Sampling Cost Noise Complaints from Petrojet , the GASCO Weekly Construction Assessment of General neighboring Contractor Environmen site the filed Implementat residents tal Officer complaints ion/ supervision cost

Use of earmuffs Petrojet , the GASCO Weekly Construction Site observation General by Construction Contractor Environmen site Implementat workers tal Officer ion/ supervision cost

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility for Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators implementation Duration Cost

Traffic Complaints from Petrojet , the GASCO Weekly Construction Assessment of General Congestion neighboring/ Contractor Environmen site the filed Implementat affected residents tal Officer complaints ion/ supervision cost

Appropriate Petrojet , the GASCO Monthly Construction Site observation General implementation Contractor Environmen site Implementat of the mitigations tal Officer ion/ measures agreed supervision upon with the cost contractor

Ecology Minimizing the Petrojet , the GASCO Daily Construction Site observation General impacts on Contractor Environmen site Implementat vegetation and tal Officer ion/ disturbance of supervision

natural habitats cost along the route of the proposed pipelines

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility for Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators implementation Duration Cost

Restoring the dug Petrojet , the GASCO At the end of Construction Site observation General trench-line to its Contractor Environmen the site Implementat original condition tal Officer construction ion/ at the end of the phase supervision construction cost phase

Water bodies/ Oily appearance Petrojet , the GASCO Continuous Construction Site observation 1- Sam Wastewater or smell of Contractor (via Environmen during site pling cost generation wastewater third party) tal Officer construction streams and General hydrostatic Implementat Samples to test testing ion/ wastewater which supervision will be discharged cost (pH odour, TSS, COD, BOD, Oil & Grease…etc)

Wastewater Petrojet , the GASCO Before Construction Chemical 2- Sam analysis after Contractor (via Environmen wastewater site analysis pling cost hydrostatic third party) tal Officer discharge testing General Implementat

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility for Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators implementation Duration Cost

Samples to test ion/ wastewater which supervision will be discharged cost (pH odour, TSS, COD, BOD, Oil & Grease…etc)

Soil/Land Use Recording any Petrojet, the GASCO Upon Construction Site observation General spills or leakages Contractor Environmen detection of site Implementat incidents and tal Officer any spillage or ion/ periodically leakage supervision analyzing these incidence cost data.

Surveying of Petrojet , the GASCO Yearly, if Structural Structural General structural status Contractor (via Environmen necessary consultancy firm consultancy firm Implementat of buildings and third party) tal Officer for the affected ion/ performing soil site (if any) supervision investigations cost

The pipeline Petrojet , the GASCO After end of Construction Site investigation General route should be Contractor (via Environmen construction site Implementat revisited and third party) tal Officer ion/ investigated at

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility for Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators implementation Duration Cost

the end of the supervision construction cost phase to ensure that the land has been restored to its original conditions before the project

Occupational PPEs, first aid Petrojet , the GASCO Daily Construction Observation  General Health and kits, emergency Contractor Environmen site Implementa Safety plans, fire- tal Officer tion/ fighting supervision equipment, cost ….etc. 3- Trai ning Cost

Complaints and GASCO Social GASCO Monthly Project Site Review list of General Temporary grievances from Development Environmen PAPs, meetings implementat land PAPs about fair Officer tal Officer with the PAPs, ion/supervis ion cost acquisition and compensation compensation crop damage Documentation and procedures offices receipts,

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility for Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators implementation Duration Cost

Compensation grievances, and Committee follow up forms

Permanent Complaints and GASCO Social GASCO Monthly Project Site Review list of General land grievances from Development Environmen PAPs, contracts, implementat acquisition for PAPs about fair Officer tal Officer grievances, and ion/supervis valve rooms compensation Documentation follow up forms ion cost (willing buyer – and procedures offices willing seller Compensation approach) Committee

Operation Hazards and Patrolling GASCO GASCO 2 weeks, 1 Pipeline route Patrolling GASCO Accidents reports for the inspection inspection month or 6 schedule Managemen pipeline Department in Department months t cost the pipeline’s area in the head (According to office pipeline Class Table ) Regular GASCO GASCO Pipeline route Inspection and GASCO Quarterly inspection and maintenance maintenance maintenance Managemen (According to maintenance Department in Department time plan t cost the inspection the pipeline’s area in the head and office

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility for Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators implementation Duration Cost

maintenance time plan)

Leakage survey GASCO GASCO 2 weeks, 1 Pipeline route Leakage Survey GASCO and pipeline inspection inspection month or 6 and Schedule/ Managemen pressure department/ department/ months documentation operational log t cost parameters GASCO GASCO (According to office (through SCADA operation operation the leakage system) department in the department survey pipeline’s area in the head schedule)/ office continuous monitoring

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Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ______2

INTRODUCTION 2 OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) ______2 APPROACH TO THE STUDY ______3 PROJECT OVERVIEW ______3 Construction Phase ...... 4 Operation Phase ...... 5 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ______5 POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ______6 Main Construction Impacts ...... 7 Main Operation Impacts ...... 7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) ______10 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ______37 1 INTRODUCTION______39

1.1 BACKGROUND ______39 1.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW ______39 1.3 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ______40 1.3.1 Approach to the Study...... 40 1.3.2 Study Methodology ...... 40 1.3.3 Data Collection Methodology ...... 41 1.3.4 Stakeholders’ Consultations ...... 42 2 LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ______44 2.1 PREFACE ______44 2.2 NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ______44 2.2.1 APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL LEGISLATIONS IN EGYPT ______46 LAW 4/1994 (AMENDED BY 9/2009 AND 15/2015) ______46 PUBLIC CLEANLINESS LAW NUMBER 38/1967 ______49 WATER AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS ______50 EEAA ESIA GUIDELINES RELATED TO THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION ______52 LAND ACQUISITION AND INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT ______53 LAW NO. 94/2003, PROTECTION OF COMMUNITIES HUMAN RIGHTS LAWS ______53 WORK ENVIRONMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ______54 PETROLEUM PIPELINES LAW 4/1988 ______55 TRAFFIC RELATED LAWS ______56 RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL TREATIES TO WHICH EGYPT IS A SIGNATORY ______56 2.3 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ______57 2.3.1 OP 4.01 – ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ______58 2.3.2 OP 4.09 PEST MANAGEMENT ______58 2.3.3 OP 4.11 – PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES ______59 2.3.4 OP 4.12 – INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT ______59

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2.3.5 WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, AND SAFETY GUIDELINES ______59 2.4 GAP ANALYSIS FOR KEY EGYPTIAN AND WB ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ______59 2.4.1 AIR QUALITY ______59 2.4.2 WATER QUALITY ______61 2.4.3 NOISE ______63 2.4.4 LAND ACQUISITION ISSUES ______64 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ______67 3.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ______67 3.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS ______69 3.2.1 NATURAL GAS COMPOSITION ______69 3.2.2 PIPELINE ROUTE ______70 3.2.3 PIPELINE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ______77 3.2.4 Valve Rooms ...... 77 3.3 ACTIVITIES OF CONSTRUCTION PHASE ______78 3.3.1 Clearing and grading activities and Pipe transportation and storage...... 78 3.3.2 Right of Way Activities ...... 79 3.3.3 Excavation and trenching ...... 79 3.3.4 Pipe Laying and Trench Backfilling ...... 85 3.3.5 Leakage testing (Hydrostatic testing) ...... 86 3.3.6 Dewatering ...... 86 3.3.7 Magnetic Cleaning and Geometric Pigging ...... 87 3.3.8 Purging and Commissioning ...... 87 3.3.9 Pipeline Crossings ...... 87 3.3.10 Construction work in the valve room ...... 91 3.4 EXPECTED MACHINES AND TRUCKS ______91

3.5 ACTIVITIES OF OPERATION PHASE ______92 3.5.1 Pipeline Patrolling ...... 92 3.5.2 Leakage Survey ...... 93 3.5.3 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System) ...... 93 3.6 RESOURCES CONSUMPTION ______93 3.6.1 During Construction Phase ...... 93 3.6.2 During Operation Phase ...... 94 3.7 WASTE GENERATION ______94 3.7.1 During Construction Phase ...... 94 3.7.2 During Operation Phase ...... 94 3.8 THE EXPECTED TIMELINE OF THE PROJECT EXECUTION ______94 4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS ______95

4.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ______95 4.1.1 TEMPERATURE______95 4.1.2 HUMIDITY ______96 4.1.3 RAINFALL ______96 4.1.4 WIND ______96 4.1.5 GEOLOGY ______96 4.1.6 SOILS ______97 4.1.7 WATER RESOURCES ______97

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4.1.8 NATURAL HAZARDS ______97 4.1.9 TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ______97 4.1.10 PROTECTED AREAS ______98 4.1.11 SITE SPECIFIC AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AND NOISE ______98 4.1.12 Protectorates ...... 110 4.2 SOCIAL BASELINE ______110 4.2.1 PROJECT AREA______110 4.2.2 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS ______117 4.2.3 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ______118 4.2.4 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PROFILE ______119 4.2.5 SOCIAL LAND USE OF THE ROUTE______120 4.2.6 SOCIAL CONCERNS ______121 5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ______124 5.1 IMPACTS SIGNIFICANCE RANKING ______124 5.1.1 RANKING METHODOLOGY ______124 5.2 POSITIVE IMPACTS ______125 5.2.1 DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE ______125 5.2.2 DURING THE OPERATION PHASE ______125 5.3 NEGATIVE IMPACTS ______126 5.3.1 POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 126 5.3.2 POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS DURING OPERATION ______134 5.3.3 AFFECTED PARTIES ______136 5.4 SUMMARY OF THE EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ______137 6 ALTERNATIVES ______143 6.1 THE “NO ACTION” ALTERNATIVE ______143 6.2 PIPELINE INSTALLATION TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES ______143 6.2.1 TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGIES ______143 6.2.2 OPEN-CUT METHOD ______144 6.3 ROUTING ALTERNATIVES ______144 7 MITIGATION MEASURES ______146 7.1 MEASURES FOR IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ______146 7.1.1 PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES FOR DUST EMISSIONS ______146 7.1.2 PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES FOR GASEOUS EMISSIONS ______146 7.1.3 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR THE IMPACTS OF WATER BODIES/WASTEWATER GENERATION ______146 7.1.4 NOISE ______147 7.1.5 PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES FOR CONSTRUCTION WASTE GENERATION (HAZARDOUS AND NONHAZARDOUS WASTE) ______147 7.1.6 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR THE ECOLOGICAL (FAUNA AND FLORA) IMPACTS ______149 7.1.7 MITIGATION OF TRAFFIC DISRUPTIONS ______149

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7.1.8 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR HAZARDS AND ACCIDENTS ______149 7.1.9 COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY ______149 7.1.10 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ______150 7.1.11 DAMAGE TO EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE ______150 7.1.12 TEMPORARY LAND ACQUISITION ______150 7.1.13 PERMANENT LAND ACQUISITION (VALVE ROOMS) ______151 7.1.14 PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES FOR LAND USE______151 7.1.15 Temporary land use of workers camps ...... 152 7.1.16 Child labor ...... 152 7.1.17 MITIGATION OF STREET RESTORATION ______152 7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE ______153 7.2.1 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR HAZARDS AND ACCIDENTS ______153 7.2.2 COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY ______154 8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (ESMMP) ____156 8.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESM&MP ______156 8.2 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION ______156 8.2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE OF IMPLEMENTING AGENCY ______157 8.2.2 SOCIAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE OF IMPLEMENTING AGENCY ______160 8.3 MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE ___162 8.3.1 MANAGEMENT OF AIR QUALITY ______162 8.3.2 MANAGEMENT OF WATER USE/WASTEWATER GENERATION ______162 8.3.3 MANAGEMENT OF NOISE ______162 8.3.4 MANAGEMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM ______162 8.3.5 MANAGEMENT OF LAND USE______162 8.3.6 MANAGEMENT OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION ______162 8.3.7 MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDS AND ACCIDENTS ______163 8.3.8 MANAGEMENT OF SOLID, CONSTRUCTION AND HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION ____163 8.3.9 MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY ______163 8.3.10 MANAGEMENT FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ______163 8.3.11 MANAGEMENT OF POSSIBLE RISK ON DAMAGING THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE ____163 8.3.12 MANAGEMENT OF CHILD LABOR ______163 8.3.13 MANAGEMENT OF STREET RESTORATION______163 8.4 MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING THE OPERATION PHASE ______163 8.4.1 MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDS AND ACCIDENTS ______164 8.5 MITIGATION ACTIVITIES TABLE ______165 Child Labor 173

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9 GRIEVANCE MECHANISM (ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS) ______183 9.1 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR GRIEVANCES ______183 9.2 GRIEVANCES TIRES ______183 9.3 GRIEVANCE CHANNELS ______184 9.4 RESPONSE TO GRIEVANCES ______184 9.5 MONITORING OF GRIEVANCES ______185 10 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION ______186

10.1. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR CONSULTATION ______186 10.2. CONSULTATION OBJECTIVES ______186 10.3. DEFINING RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS ______187 10.4. CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY AND ACTIVITIES ______190 10.5. SCOPING CONSULTATION EVENT ______191 10.5.1. Participants Profile ...... 191 10.5.2. Summary of the Discussions ...... 192 10.6. SECOND PUBLIC CONSULTATION EVENT ______198 .10.6.1 Participants profile ...... 199 10.6.2. Summary of discussions ...... 199 10.6.3. Conclusion ...... 206 11 REFERENCES ______208

List of Tables

Table 1-1 -Mitigation Measures and supervision responsibility during construction and operation phases ------10 Table 1-2 -Monitoring indicators and responsibility during construction and operation phases ------20 Table 1-1 - Stakeholder's Analysis of the project ------42 Table 2-1 Maximum Limits of Outdoor Air Pollutants (Annex 5 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) ------46 Table 2-2 Allowable Emission levels from Asphalt mixing units (Table 12 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012 ------47 Table 2-3 Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using gasoline fuel (Table 23 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) ------48 Table 2-4 Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using diesel fuel (Table 24 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) ------48 Table 2-5 Maximum permissible noise level limits for the project area (from Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations, Table 3) ------48 Table 2-6 Standards and specifications of the fresh waterways to which industrial waste water can be discharged (Article 49 of the ER of Law 48/1982) ------50

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Table 2-7 Standards and specifications of wastewater discharged to public sewage system (Article 14 of the ER of Law 93/1962) ------52 Table 2-8 Permissible noise levels inside sites of productive activities (Table 1, Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations) ------54 Table 2-9 Maximum Permissible Exposure to Heavy Hammers (Table 2, Annex 7 of Executive Regulations) ------55 Table 2-10 World Bank Safeguard Operational Policies and their applicability to the project ------57 Table 2-11 Ambient Air Quality limits in the Egyptian legislations and WB standards -- 59 Table 2-12 Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Water Quality ------61 Table 2-13 - Limits for discharge of liquid effluent into sewer system ------62 Table 2-14 Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Ambient Noise ------63 Table 2-15 Limits for ambient noise as per Egyptian and WB requirements ------63 Table 2-16 Limits noise exposure in Work environments as per Egyptian and WB requirements ------64 Table 3-1 - General natural gas composition of the national network ------69 Table 3-2 –Main Crossing of the pipelines ------76 Table 3-3 - Location Class as defined by GASCO ------92 Table 4-4 Monthly Average Minimum and Maximum Temperatures in Alexandria for the Year 2015 ------96 Table 4-5 Monthly Average Relative Humidity (RH %) in El Amreya (Abu El Mattamir) ------96 Table 4-6: Daily average precipitation in El Amreya (Abu el Matamir ), ------96 Table 4-7Average Wind Speed (km/hr) ------96 Table 4-5 Coordinates of the AA and noise locations ------98 Table 4-6 Daily average results (µg/m3) First Location ------99 Table 4-7 Daily average results (µg/m3) Second Location ------101 Table 4-8 Daily average results (µg/m3) Third Location------104 Table 4-9 Ambient Noise Levels Readings First Location ------107 Table 4-10 Ambient Noise Levels Readings at Second Location ------108 Table 4-11 Ambient Noise Levels Readings at Third Location------109 Table 4-11: Administrative Division of study area in Beheira Governorate ------117 Table 4-12: Administrative Division of study areas in Alexandria Governorate ------117 Table 4-13: Distribution of number of households according to gender at the level of villages in the study areas ------118 Table 4-14: Growth rate in project’s areas ------118

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Table 4-15: Poverty index in Project Areas ------119 Table 4-16: The education in the project areas ------119 Table 4-17: Work Status in the Project Areas ------120 Table 5-1 - Scale used in Severity and Frequency Ranking of Impacts ------124 Table 5-2 Summary of the expected environmental impacts during the construction and operation phases of the project------137 Table 7-1 - Pipelines Class and Patrolling Frequency ------153 Table 8-1 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during construction and operation phases ------166 Table 8-2 - Environmental Monitoring during Construction and Operation phases --- 174 Table 10-1: Main stakeholders identified for the project ------187 Table 10-2 - Distribution of participants by profession ------191 Table 10-3: Key comments and concerns raised during the public consultation 195 Table 10-4: Distribution of participants by profession ------199 Table 10-5: Key comments and concerns raised during the public consultation ------203

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List of Abbreviations ANSI American National Standards Institute API American Petroleum Institute ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing Materials BP Bank Procedure CAA Competent Administrative Authority dB Decibel EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EGAS Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company EGPC Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation EHS Environmental Health and Safety EM Environmental Management EMS Environmental Management System EMU Environmental Management Unit ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan GASCO The Egyptian Natural Gas Company GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HC Hydrocarbons HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling HSE Health and Safety Environment IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IFC International Finance Corporation ILO International Labor Organization ISO International Organization for Standardization IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature LAeq Equivalent noise level; the average acoustic pressure at the level of measurement LCpeak Peak sound pressure level LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas MWRI Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

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MMSCMD Million Metric Standard Cubic Meters per Day NGO Non-governmental Organization OP Operational Policy OSH Occupational Safety and Health OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems PAP Potential affected people PM Particulate Matter PPE Personal Protective Equipment QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment RAP Resettlement Action Plan ROW Right of Way RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System TSP Total Suspended Particles UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization WB World Bank

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1 Introduction 1.1 Background The current Egyptian strategy is to increase the amount of electricity generation in power plants to meet the increasing demand in the residential and industrial sector. Most of the planned power plants operate using fossil fuels. Compared to other fossil fuels, Natural Gas is considered as a cleaner fossil fuel. 90% of power plants in Egypt are using natural gas as source of fuel to generate electricity after the new successful gas explorations in the Mediterranean. The main entity responsible for the management of the natural gas in Egypt is the Ministry of Petroleum. The Ministry’s responsibility starts with the excavation projects for new fields and continues with the discovery, processing, transportation and delivery of gas to the different users (residential, industrial and power production sectors) with the aim of satisfying the local requirements of natural gas. The Egyptian Natural Gas Company (GASCO) was established in March 1997 with its main mission is natural gas transmission & Distribution according to the plan of the Ministry of Petroleum. Raven gas field is one of those fields which GASCO (the Egyptian natural gas company) decided to procure, construct and operate a new gas pipeline to transfer rich gas from Raven gas field in north Alexandria to the western desert gas complex (WDGC) and Amreya Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) plant in Alexandria. The extracted gas will be transported through a new gas pipeline, hereunder named ‘’the project’’, with 70 km length and 30’’ inch diameter to WDGC and 5 km length 18” inch dimeter to Amreya LPG. The proposed project will be funded from the World Bank(WB) by the excess of fund from the south-helwan project (due to a change in scope of south helwan project, there is loan saving of US$ 74.6 m which GASCO decided to employ it in the proposed project). As stipulated by Egyptian legislations, namely law 4 year 2004 and amendment law 9 year 2009, an Environment and Social Impacts Assessment (ESIA) should be prepared prior to the execution of gas connection projects and approval from the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) should be obtained prior to project commencement. Additionally, as the project is funded from the WB GASCO must ensure that project implementation will adhere to WB standards. EcoConServ had been retained by GASCO to conduct an ESIA complies with the national and international standards.

1.2 Project Overview The construction of the new pipeline will deliver the natural gas from Rasheed petroleum company ( it is the start point of Raven pipeline located onshore) to WDGC and Amreya LPG in Alexandria Governorate in order to facilitate the potential of future connection of natural gas to other industrial and residential areas in the areas crossing by the pipeline. However, GASCO main role is supplying industrial sector by natural gas not supplying natural gas to residential household. The connection of natural is under the role of the local distributor companies.

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The submarine connection between the offshore field to starting point of the route of Raven pipeline is out of the project scope but a separate due diligence study will be prepared for offshore pipeline and also the offshore facility supply gas to the offshore pipeline

The 30’’ pipeline is passing through Beheira and Alexandria Governorates with a total length of 70 km, 42 km in Beheira governorate and 28 km in Alexandria governorate. It will pass by 7 valve rooms (3 rooms existing and 4 rooms are proposed to be constructed) and 18 intersects with asphalet roads, lakes and rail ways.

The route of the 18’’ pipeline line starts from valve room 1’ proposed to be constructed on the proposed Raven 30’’ natural gas pipeline from the south side of el Amoom drainage in Alexandria and then runs north-west for a distance of 4.5 km inside a Salt Lake (Malahat) and Mariout lake to reach the proposed valve room 2’ next to the fence of the existing Amreya Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Company and extend within the company for a distance of 500 meters until it reaches the end point at valve Room 3’ with total distance of 5 km, 3 proposed valve rooms and 2 intersections. The construction and laying down of the pipeline is done through digging trenches, except in areas of intersections with major waterways and roads, where the Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) technology will be used. EcoConServ has been awarded the consultancy service for the preparation of an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) including a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the project. The ESIA presents the potential environmental and social impacts expected from the proposed project activities on the surrounding areas, and the proposed mitigation and monitoring measures to ensure the elimination or reduction of any possible adverse effects.

1.3 Study Approach and Methodology

1.3.1 Approach to the Study The ESIA is prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) for the Environmental Impact Assessment studies for the oil and gas sector projects, and the relevant World Bank (WB) Environmental and Social Safeguard operational policies and the Environmental Health and Safety guidelines.

1.3.2 Study Methodology The preparation of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment is done according to the following approach:

 Kick off meetings with GASCO project’s team to understand their plans and activities related to the proposed project;

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 Conducting site visits to the project site, to collect the baseline data regarding the current environmental and social situation for the areas crossing by the route of the pipeline;  Ensure compliance with local environmental regulations and standards and the World Bank regulations relevant to the project type and activities;  Reviewing the available information and documents regarding the project including the required governmental permits;  Carry out air and noise measurements in different areas crossing by the pipeline and comparing with national and international allowable limits;  Assessment and evaluation of potential impacts of the proposed project;  Development of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP);  Perform public consultations and disclosure activities will be undertaken to ensure the project is well consulted and disseminated; and  Develop an institutional development plan to ensure effective and efficient implementation of the proposed environmental and social management and monitoring activities.

1.3.3 Data Collection Methodology

Data concerning the path and surrounding areas The data required for the report preparation were gathered through meetings with GASCO detailing the route path and crossings, the engineering details of the pipeline lines, construction and operation activities, and governmental approvals. Other project-specific data were gathered from the site visits conducted to inspect the land use in the areas surrounding the pipeline route. The site visits was conducted in a way to cover as much area as possible along the pipeline path designed by GASCO, through moving on the roads adjacent to the path whenever possible. A preliminary desk review and study of the maps with the designed pipeline path was carried out to identify the potential sensitive receptors around the project site, and during the visit, the sensitive receptors were confirmed and the baseline measurements (Air quality and noise) were conducted. During the site visits, the study team had several stops to photograph areas of importance around the proposed pipeline locations and identify the different flora and fauna species which will potentially be affected by the project activities. Data concerning the meteorological conditions, soil topography and geology as well as water availability and quality were collected through desk review of recent studies conducted in the area of the pipeline path.

Social Project-related Data EcoConServ has adopted a multistage analysis strategy, several data collection methods and tools were applied using the Participatory Rapid Appraisal approach. This approach

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ensures that local community groups participated to the study. Data was collected in coordination with relevant stakeholders including local administration units (district and village levels) and the local NGO’s. The consultant has also reviewed relevant secondary data sources such as: studies, reports and previous literature. The research team has conducted several field visits to assess the baseline conditions. A number of qualitative data collection tools were applied to ensure different community groups participated to the study. The applied methodology in the social impact assessment can be summarized as follows:

GASCO Local Community Government entities

Interviews with 43 interviews 18 interviews GASCO staff Farmers Agricultural cooperatives Community members at target Fishing Authority villages Petroleum Companies Fishermen at the fish farms NGOs Owners of fish farms Water Surface Authority Owners of Commercial Alexandria and Beheira entities Governorate Environment department Roads Authority Agricultural directorate

Figure 1-1 - Methodology for Description of the Social Baseline

1.3.4 Stakeholders’ Consultations Stakeholder’s analysis is one of the tools that helped the consultant identify relevant groups of stakeholders and their interest in the project as which may facilitate different project activities. Stakeholder’s analysis is an important tool at the initial stages of the project, which might contribute to define and mitigate several negative impacts at an early stage. Stakeholder’s can help enhance the social benefits related to the project at the local community level.

Table 1-1 - Stakeholder's Analysis of the project Stakeholders group Roles Potential Affected They are the potential Project Affected Persons (PAPs), i.e. Communities They will receive the impacts of the project. Additionally. Given their vulnerable status they might be severely affected by positive or negative impacts. Community leaders The main stakeholders, they have the experience and the knowledge and they have a strong impact on the local community especially at rural areas.

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Stakeholders group Roles Local Governmental Responsible for providing and financing infrastructure Units at main and services at local areas. They are also able to coordinate satellite villages among different development projects and initiatives. They are responsible for providing the prices of the crops Agricultural during the valuation process as well as provide data about cooperatives the land’s owners and rent during the census survey.

The authority responsible for approving the ESIA study as EEAA part of the implementation requirements.

EEAA regional office in Environment department is responsible for monitoring the Beheira and Alexandria implementation of ESMP. Governorates The owner of the project, the main government authority GASCO concerned with supervising the project activities and implementation of the project. Beneficiaries (Western The main beneficiaries from the project may be subject to Desert Gas Complex) some positive/negative impacts. They play a significant role in project success and sustainability. Participating in providing capacity building activities and NGO’s supporting the local community finding alternative livelihood opportunities during construction. They can also play a role in disclosure of the compensation procedures. Media They disclose information about the project.

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2 Legislative and Regulatory Framework 2.1 Preface The World Bank has defined 10 environmental and social safeguard policies that must be considered to its financed projects. Applicability of such policies to this project is overviewed and discussed in subsequent sections. Egyptian legislation provides environmental compliance procedures and emission limits which are at least comparable with WB/international requirements, if not more stringent. GASCO is bound by internal policies, which obligate them to comply with national legal requirements. In the case that national requirements are non-existent for specific issues or pollutants, WB requirements will be adopted. 2.2 National Administrative and Legal Framework The following is a brief description of the different national authorities and institutions of relevance with respect to environmental assessments including Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIAs). The main legal instrument dealing with environmental issues in Egypt is Law 4/1994, amended by Law 9/2009 and law 5/2015 and its Executive Regulations amended by decree 1095/2011, then 710/2012 and 964/2015, commonly known as the Law on Protection of the Environment. The law deals mostly with the protection of the environment against pollution. Prime Ministerial Decree 631 of 1982 established the EEAA as the competent body for environmental matters in Egypt. Law 4 also stipulates the role of the EEAA as the main regulatory agency for environmental matters. According to Article 1 of Law 4, the legal entity responsible for a given project is required to carry out an assessment of the project's potential impacts on the natural and socio- cultural environment before implementing that project. The findings of the assessment are submitted to the EEAA for review and approval before other relevant governmental authorities can issue their permits for implementing the project. An ESIA is required to be prepared as an integrated part of the project planning process, according to EEAA requirements. The ESIA will help to ensure that environmental concerns are taken into account along with technical and economic considerations. The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) is an authorized state body regulating environmental management issues. Egyptian laws identify three main roles of the EEAA:  It has a regulatory and coordinating role in most activities, as well as an executive role restricted to the management of natural protectorates and pilot projects.  The agency is responsible for formulating the environmental management (EM) policy, setting the required action plans to protect the environment. Following-up their execution in coordination with Competent Administrative Authorities (CAAs).

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 EEAA is responsible for review and approve of the environmental impact assessment studies. EMU (Environmental Management Unit at Governorate and District level) is responsible for the environmental performance of all projects/facilities within the governorates premises. The governorate has established environmental management units at both the governorate and city/district level. The EMU is responsible for the protection of the environment within the governorate boundaries and are mandated to undertake both environmental planning and operation-oriented activities. The environmental management unit is mandated to:  Follow-up on the environmental performance of the projects within the governorate during both construction and operation phases to ensure that the project abides by laws and regulations as well as mitigation measures included in its ESIA approval.  Investigate any environmental complaint filed against projects within the governorate  The EMU are affiliated administratively to the governorate, yet are technically affiliated to EEAA.  The governorate has a solid waste management unit at the governorate and district level. The units are responsible for the supervision of solid waste management contracts. The CAAs are the entities responsible for issuing licenses for projects construction and operation. The ESIA is considered one of the requirements of licensing. The CAAs are thus responsible for receiving the ESIA forms of studies, check the information included in the documents concerning the location, suitability of the location to the project activity and ensure that the activity does not contradict with the surrounding activities and that the location does not contradict with the ministerial decrees related to the activity. The CAA forwards the documents to EEAA for review. They are the main interface with the project proponents in the ESIA system. The CAA is mandated to:  Provide technical assistance to Project Proponents  Ensure the approval of the Project Site  Receive ESIA Documents and forward it to EEAA  Follow-up the implementation of the ESIA requirements during post construction field investigation (before the operation license) After submission of an ESIA for review, the EEAA may request revisions in the ESIA report within 30 days, including additional mitigation measures, before issuing the approval of the report. GASCO will have the right to issue an appeal within 30 days from its receipt of the EEAA’s decision. It should be noted that once the ESIA has been approved, the ESMP as will be presented in the report, will be considered an integral part of the project; and the GASCO will be legally responsible for the implementation of that

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plan, depending on their involvement in construction or operation. It is therefore worth mentioning that the GASCO must ensure that all mitigation measures and environmental requirements described in the ESMP have been clearly referred to in the tender documents for the construction works, the construction contracts, and have been respected. GASCO will follow-up on the construction contractor to ensure that the ESMP is adequately implemented in the construction phase. According to the guidelines of the ESIA preparation issued by the EEAA, projects are classified into three categories according to the severity of possible environmental impacts and location of the establishment and its proximity to residential settlements: Category (A): projects with minimum environmental impacts, Category (B): projects with potential adverse environmental impacts yet less than category C, and Category (C): Projects which have highly adverse impacts. These are required to prepare a full EIA study. Based on these categories, the proposed Natural Gas lines project is classified as “C” under the Egyptian requirements. Class C projects require full ESIAs including public consultation sessions, a scoping session and a public consultation session.

2.2.1 Applicable Environmental and Social Legislations in Egypt The Egyptian environmental law covers many aspects, such as air quality, water quality, noise, solid waste management and occupational health and safety. Each of these aspects will be discussed in details and the allowable limits for the different aspects included according to applicability to the project. Mitigation measures are mentioned in Chapter 7 of the study to ensure compliance with these legislations.

Law 4/1994 (amended by 9/2009 and 15/2015) Regulations for the Protection of Air Environment from Pollution

According to the provisions of Articles 34 through 40, 42, 43, and 47 in Law 4/1994 amended by Law 9/2009, and Article 42, annex 5,6 in the Executive Regulations, the project developer must ensure the following:

1. The site of the project must be selected properly to suit the project activity in order to ensure that the total pollution emitted by the proposed project during the construction and operation phases will not exceed the maximum permissible limits for the pollutants in the ambient air as listed below:

Table 0-1 Maximum Limits of Outdoor Air Pollutants (Annex 5 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) Pollutant Location Maximum Limit Area [µg/m3] 1hour 8hours 24hours 1Year Sulphur Dioxide Urban 300 125 50

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Pollutant Location Maximum Limit Area [µg/m3] 1hour 8hours 24hours 1Year Industrial 350 150 60 Carbon Monoxide Urban 10 - - Industrial 30 mg/m3 - - mg/m3

Nitrogen Dioxide Urban 300 - 150 60 Industrial 300 - 150 80 Ozone Urban 180 120 - - Industrial 180 120 - - Total Suspended Particles (TSP) Urban - - 230 125 Industrial - - 230 125 Particulate Matter less than 10 Urban - - 150 70

µm (PM10) Industrial - - 150 70 Particulate Matter less than 25 Urban - - 80 50

µm (PM2.5) Industrial - - 80 50 Suspended Particles Measured Urban - - 150 60 as Black Smokes Industrial - - 150 60 Lead Urban - - - 0.5 Industrial - - - 1.0

Ammonia (NH3) Urban - - 120 - Industrial - - 120 -

Other limits include the allowable limits for pollutants emissions in air from the different sources which are detailed in annex 6 of the Executive regulations amended by decree 1095/2011, 710/2012 and 964/2015. The limits relevant to the current project scope are the pollution limit from asphalt mixing units which will be utilized to return the roads to their original state after the project completion, and the limits of emissions from vehicles which are shown in the following tables.

Table 0-2 Allowable Emission levels from Asphalt mixing units (Table 12 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012 Maximum Allowable Emissions Level (mg/m3) Total Suspended Solids Total Volatile Organic Carbon Monoxide (CO) (TSP) Compounds (VOCs) 50 500 50

- Reference conditions (at 13% O2, temperature of 273 Kelvin, and 1 atm pressure). - The asphalt mixing unit should be placed at a minimum distance of 500 m from the nearest residential area, taking into consideration the prevailing wind direction.

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Table 0-3 Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using gasoline fuel (Table 23 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) Before the year 2003 From 2003 to 2009 Year 2010 and later Pollutants Hydrocarbons CO% HC CO% HC CO% HC (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) Maximum 600 4 300 1.5 200 1.2 allowable Limit Measurements should be done at the idle speed from 600 to 900 rpm.

Table 0-4 Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using diesel fuel (Table 24 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) Manufacturing Year Before the year 2003 From 2003 and later (model) Smoke density factor K (m-1) 2.8 2.65 Measurements are done in accordance with the ISO-11614 international standard.

Noise Article 42 of the environmental law states that during the construction and operation phases of the project, the resulting noise levels must not exceed the sound intensity levels given by Table 3 of Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations when carrying out production, service or other activities, particularly when operating machinery and equipment or using sirens and loudspeakers. The table lists the maximum permissible noise level limits according to area type as per the following designation:

 Sensitive areas to noise exposure;  Residential suburbs with low traffic flow;  Commercial and administrative areas in city center;  Residential areas with some workshops, administrative activities, or recreational and entertainment activities overlooking public roads less than 12 meters,  Areas overlooking public roads more than or equal 12 meters, or industrial areas with light industries; and  Industrial Zone with heavy industries

Table 0-5 Maximum permissible noise level limits for the project area (from Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations, Table 3) MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE AREA TYPE EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVEL [dB(A)]

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Day Night 7 AM – 10 PM 10 PM – 7 AM 50 40 Sensitive areas to noise exposure

Residential suburbs with low traffic flow 55 45 Commercial and administrative areas in city 60 50 center Residential areas with some workshops, 65 55 administrative activities, or recreational and entertainment activities overlooking public roads less than 12 meters Areas overlooking public roads more than or 70 60 equal 12 meters, or industrial areas with light industries 70 70 Industrial Zone with heavy industries

Waste Management Regulations In general, the law prohibits the disposal of any solid wastes except in areas designated for this purpose through article 37, and articles 38, 39 and 41 of the executive regulations which require that during excavation, construction or demolition activities, the entity undertaking the work must take the necessary precautions to safely store and transport the resulting wastes in accordance with the set procedure. Regarding the hazardous wastes, and in accordance with the provisions of articles 29 to 33 of law 4/1994 which is equivalent to law 9/2009 and articles 28, 31 and 33 of the executive regulations, the entity producing hazardous wastes in gaseous, liquid or solid form is committed to collect and transport the generated waste to designated disposal sites which are predetermined by the local authorities, the competent administrative authorities and the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency. The hazardous waste should be collected in specific locations with clear warning signs and oral or written instructions for safety conditions that prevent the occurrence of any damage generally or to people who get exposed to it. Additionally, the workers should be trained on proper handling procedure. The transportation vehicles used to transport hazardous waste should belong to licensed entities that manage hazardous waste and follows the guidelines included in the executive regulations.

Public Cleanliness Law Number 38/1967 Law 38 for the year 1967 amended by law 31/1976 and its Executive Regulations issued by decree 134/1968 prohibit the dumping of solid wastes in any location other than those

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designated by the municipal authorities. This includes solid waste treatment and disposal, in addition to the temporary storage in undesignated containers. Article 1 of the Ministry of Housing and Utilities decree 134/1968 defines solid waste as any waste generated by persons, residential units, non-residential constructions such as commercial establishments, camps, animal cages, slaughterhouses, markets, public spaces, parks, and transportation methods. The Public Cleanliness Law and its Executive Regulations requires the municipal authority responsible for public cleanliness or the contracted entity assigned by it for the collection, transportation, and disposal of solid wastes, to carry out these processes in accordance with the specifications stipulated in the Executive Regulations and any other regulations by the municipal authority.

Hazardous waste from Petroleum sector Petroleum and Mineral Resources ministerial decree number 1352/2007 defines the hazardous waste materials generated from the petroleum industry, and prohibits handling of these hazardous waste except by entities authorized by Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC).

Water and Wastewater Management Regulations Protection of Nile River Water Law 48/1982

The protection of the Nile River and water law number 48 for the year 1982 defines the water ways to which this law is applicable as Fresh water and non-fresh water sources. The fresh water sources are: the river Nile and its branches and bays, as well as the branches and canals of all sizes and the non-fresh water sources are: all types of open type drainages, lakes, ponds and enclosed water bodies and underground water reservoirs. The law states that for all the stated water ways, it is prohibited to dispose or dump any solid, liquid or gaseous waste from all residential, commercial and industrial activities as well as waste water unless an approval is obtained from the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation according to the regulations issued in this regard.

Standards and Specifications of fresh waterways Article 49 of the executive regulations details the standards and specifications of the fresh waterways to which industrial waste water can be discharged as follows:

Table 0-1 Standards and specifications of the fresh waterways to which industrial waste water can be discharged (Article 49 of the ER of Law 48/1982) Limit Parameter (mg/liter) Total dissolved solids < 500 dissolved Oxygen > 6

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Limit Parameter (mg/liter) pH 6.5 – 8.5 Biological Oxygen Demand < 6 Chemical Oxygen Demand < 10 Organic nitrogen < 1

Ammonia (NH3) < 0.5

Nitrates (NO3) < 2 Total Nitrogen (TN) < 3.5 Total Phosphorous (TP) < 0.5 Oil and grease <0.1 Sulphates < 200 Mercury < 0.001 Iron < 0.5 Manganese < 0.2 Cupper < 0.01 Zinc < 0.01 Fluorides < 0.5 Phenol < 0.002 Arsenic < 0.01 Cadmium < 0.001 Chromium < 0.05 Free Cyanide < 0.005 Lead < 0.01 Selenium < 0.01 Boron < 0.5 Molybdenum < 0.07 Nickel < 0.02 Aldrin, dialdrin < 0.00003 Achlor < 0.02 Decarb < 0.01 Atrazine < 0.002 Bentazon < 0.03 Carbofuran < 0.007 Chlordane < 0.0002 Dichlorobrote < 0.03 Phenobrote < 0.009 Mircrobrote < 0.01 T 2, 4, 5 < 0.009

Industrial Wastewater Disposal Law 93/1962

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The industrial wastewater disposal into the drainage systems is regulated by law 93/1962 and its executive regulations amended by decree 44/2000. The law prohibits the disposal of domestic, industrial and commercial wastewater, treated or untreated, in public drainage system without obtaining a prior approval. Article 14 of the executive regulations set the parameters required regarding the quality of the wastewater discharged to the public sewage network.

Table 0-2 Standards and specifications of wastewater discharged to public sewage system (Article 14 of the ER of Law 93/1962) Parameter Limit in the disposed wastewater (pH) 6-9.5 Temperature 43

BOD5 600 ppm COD 1100 ppm Total suspended solids 800/100l Dissolved solids 10 ppm Oil and grease 100 ppm Total nitrogen 100 ppm Total phosphorous 25 ppm cyanide(CN-) 0.02 Phenol 0.05 ppm Deposited materials (after 10 minutes) 8 cm3/l Deposited materials (after 30 minutes) 15 cm/l Total heavy metals 5 mg/l Chromium 6 0.5 mg/l cadmium (Cd) 0.2 mg/l lead(Pb) 1 mg/l Mercury(Hg) 0.2 mg/l Silver(Ag) 0.5 mg Copper(Cu) 1.5 mg Nickel(Ni) 1 mg/l Bioter 2 mg/l Arsenic(As) 2 mg/l Boron(B) 1 mg/l Mercury 0.2 Nickel 0.1 Silver 0.5 EEAA ESIA guidelines related to the Public Consultation Consultation with the community and concerned parties, where all the stakeholders are invited, should clearly provide attendees with the necessary information about the project.

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Paragraph 6.4.3 of EEAA EIA guidelines provides detailed information about the scope of public consultation, methodology and documentation thereof  Paragraph 6.4.3.1 Scope of Public Consultation  Paragraph 6.4.3.2 Methodology of Public Consultation  Paragraph 6.4.3.3 Documentation of the Consultation Results  Paragraph 7 Requirement and Scope of the Public Disclosure Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement

The Egyptian Constitution has preserved the right of private property, Egyptian Constitution (1971, amended in year 1980) and Egyptian Constitution (2014, articles 33 and 35). The Egyptian Civil code 131/1948, Articles 802-805 recognize private ownership right and stipulates that the owner of a certain property has the sole right of using and/or disposing his property. Property expropriation for public benefit is indicated by Law No. 10 of year 1990 and its amendments by law No. 1 for the year 2-15. The law describes the cases of Property Expropriation for Public Benefit, considering gas projects as public benefit activities. Land acquisition procedures according to this law are as follows: 1. The land acquisition procedures start with declaring the project for public interest. Afterwards a presidential decree is issued accompanied with a memorandum specifying the plots required for the project as well as a complete plan for the project and its structures (Law 59/1979 & Law 3/1982 stipulated that the Prime Minister may issue the Expropriation decree); 2. The decree and the accompanying memorandum must be published in the official newspapers; a copy for the affected communities must be placed at the main offices of the concerned Local Government unit. This law has specified, through Article 6, the formation of the “Compensation Valuation Commission”. This Article states that the commission is established at the Governorate level and consists of a delegate from the relevant Ministry’s Surveying Body (as President), a representative of the Agricultural Directorate, a representative of the Housing and Utilities Directorate, and a representative of the Real Estate Taxes Directorate in the Governorate. The compensation shall be estimated according to the prevailing market prices at the time of the issuance of the Decree for Expropriation. Amendments of the law in 2015 has specified the period allowed for submitting a grievance to be 15 days and allowed additional 30 days to submit all relevant documents Since pipeline is crossing by agriculture land, this will require a temporary land acquisition leading to economic displacement hence all relevant legal actions are applicable according to the Egyptian law. Land needed for the new valve rooms will be allocated under willing buyer – willing seller scheme. Law no. 94/2003, Protection of communities Human Rights Laws

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The Law on Establishing the National Council for Human Rights (NCHR) aims to promote, ensure respect, set values, raise awareness and ensure observance of human rights. At the forefront of these rights and freedoms are the right to life and security of individuals, freedom of belief and expression, the right to private property, the right to resort to courts of law, and the right to fair investigation and trial when charged with an offence.

Work environment and occupational health and safety Several laws and decrees tackle occupational health and safety provisions at the work place, in addition to Articles 43 – 45 of Law 4/1994, which address air quality, noise, heat stress, and the provision of protective measures to workers. These laws and decrees apply to the work crew that will be involved in construction activities.

Law 12/2003 on Labor and Workforce Safety and Book V on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) and assurance of the adequacy of the working environment. The law also deals with the provision of protective equipment to workers and fire-fighting/emergency response plans. Moreover, the following laws and decrees should be considered:  Minister of Labor Decree 48/1967.  Minister of Labor Decree 55/1983.  Minister of Industry Decree 91/1985  Minister of Labor Decree 116/1991. The environmental aspects that have to be taken in consideration for the workplace are noise, ventilation, temperature, and health and safety, which are as follows

Noise Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012 stipulates the permissible limits for sound intensity and safe exposure times that must be observed by the operators for the work areas and places within the proposed project.

Table 0-1 Permissible noise levels inside sites of productive activities (Table 1, Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations) Maximum Permissible Exposure No. Type Of Place And Activity Equivalent Noise Level Duration [Db(A)] a) Work places (workshops and 90 8 1. industries) with up to 8 hour shifts (licensed before 2014)

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b) Work places (workshops and 85 8 industries) with up to 8 hour shifts (licensed since 2014)

For the first item (a, b) the exposure duration shall be decreased by half if the noise level increases by 3 dB (A) combined with using ear plugs. This is to avoid any impacts on the sense of hearing. The instantaneous noise level shall not exceed 135 dB (A) during working period.

The noise level is measured inside working areas and closed areas in LAeq according to the international guidelines (Parts 1&2) ISO 9612/ ISO 1996 or the Egyptian Specifications No. 2836 part 1 & 2 and No. 5525 concerning this matter.

Equivalent noise level LAeq is the average acoustic pressure at the level of measurement (A) during a specific time period, and expressed in dB.

Table 0-2 Maximum Permissible Exposure to Heavy Hammers (Table 2, Annex 7 of Executive Regulations) Peak Noise Intensity Level 135 130 125 120 115 [dB(A)] LcPeak Number of Allowable Strikes 300 1000 3000 10000 30000 during Working Hours The intermittent noise exposure depends on the noise level intensity presented in the previous table (number of strikes per shift). The hammer strikes are considered intermittent if the duration between strikes 1 second or more. If the duration is less than 1 second, the strikes are considered continuous and the noise level shall comply with Table 1 of Annex 7 of the executive regulations.

Petroleum pipelines Law 4/1988 The petroleum pipelines law 4/1988 states that the owner of a property should allow the passing of pipelines transporting liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons beneath the ground surface in accordance with the procedure mentioned in the executive regulations (Decree 292/1988).

Article 2 of the law specifies that no buildings or trees, other than agricultural land trees, should be constructed or planted at a distance less than 2 m on each side of the pipeline inside urban and 6 m on each side of the pipeline outside the urban areas. If it is necessary to place the pipelines at a closer distance than what is specified in the law, it is allowed through a decision from the chairman of Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC); taking into consideration the necessary safety precautions. The law also specifies that if the activities done in accordance to the law will result in damage to the property, the owner has the right to a fair compensation to be decided by a

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committee formed by a decision from the Minister of Petroleum, and the executive regulations include the guidelines for compensation estimation.

Traffic Related Laws The applicable laws regarding the traffic and work done in relation to roads is governed by Traffic law 66/1973 amended by law 121/2008 and updated in 2018. The law is concerned with traffic planning during the construction of projects. Law 140/1956 is also concerned with the utilization and blockage of public roads, and Law 84/1968 is also concerned with public roads, including Highways, main roads and regional roads. The governing laws require that no works that could affect the traffic flow be undertaken without prior permission, and specifies that the competent administrative authority could utilize public ways for a fee. The executive regulations of law 140/1956 outlines the specifications for the management of construction and demolition debris, and in general prohibits vehicle drivers to cause any road pollution by dumping wastes, or construction wastes, or any other material. 2.3 Relevant international treaties to which Egypt is a signatory Egypt has signed and ratified a number of international conventions that commit the country to conservation of environmental resources.  International Plant Protection Convention (Rome 1951)  African convention on the conservation of nature and natural resources (Algeria 1968)  UNESCO Convention for the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage (Paris, 16 November 1972)  Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (Washington 1973)  International tropical timber (Geneva 1983)  Basel Convention on the control of trans-boundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal (1989)  United Nations convention on climate change (New York 1992). The convention covers measure to control greenhouse gas emissions from different sources including transportation.  United Nations Convention on climate change and Kyoto Protocol (Kyoto 1997)  Convention on biological diversity (Rio de Janeiro 1992), which covers the conservation of habitats, animal and plant species, and intraspecific diversity.  Convention for the protection of the ozone layer (Vienna 1985)  Convention for the prevention and control of occupational hazards caused by carcinogenic substances and agents (Geneva 1974)  Convention for the protection of workers against occupational hazards in the working environment due to air pollution, noise and vibration (Geneva 1977)

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 International Labor Organization: core labor standards are to be followed during the project implementation. Egypt has been a member state of the International Labor Organization (ILO) since 1936, and has ratified 64 conventions which regulate the labor standards and work conditions. In 1988, Egypt ratified the Occupational Safety and Health Convention of 1979 (No 152).  Cultural Heritage: respecting cultural heritage and not financing projects which threaten the integrity of sites that have a high level of protection for reasons of cultural heritage, e.g. UNESCO World Heritage sites  Consultation, Participation and Public Disclosure: The Aarhus Regulation promotes transparency of environmental information and the inclusion of stakeholders in projects. Consultation serves to identify and manage public concern at an early stage. The regulations include provisions for the public disclosure of key project information such as the Non-Technical Summary and the ESIA. 2.4 World Bank Safeguard Policies International funding agencies, such as the WB require that the projects they finance to be in compliance with both the national standards as well as their own environmental and social policies. Therefore, in addition to the national regulations, the project aims at complying with the WB safeguard policies and guidelines. The policies help to ensure the environmental and social soundness and sustainability of investment projects. They also support integration of environmental and social aspects of projects into the decision- making process. In addition, the policies promote environmentally sustainable development by supporting the protection, conservation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats. The World Bank (WB) has identified 10 environmental and social safeguard policies that should be considered in its financed projects. The proposed project is classified as Category A according to the World Bank. This mandates a full Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). Table 0-1 World Bank Safeguard Operational Policies and their applicability to the project Safeguard Policy Triggered Justifications Environmental Assessment Yes The project is classified as Category A which (OP/BP 4.01) requires full environmental assessment. Natural Habitats No Location and alignment of project (OP/BP 4.04) components is mainly along (or close to) previously paved paths. Protected Areas, if encountered, will be avoided. Wherever the pipeline will pass through cultivated agricultural areas, it will be affected during the construction activities only and returned to the original condition before operation.

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Safeguard Policy Triggered Justifications Therefore, no permanent damage will be caused from the project. Forests (OP/BP 4.36) No Proposed project areas contain No forests. Pest Management (OP 4.09) No The proposed project will not involve purchasing or using Pesticides or herbicides.. Physical Cultural Resources No Some of the proposed project activities, (OP/BP 4.11) mainly pipeline lying, will pass through Behiera and Alexandria which has some archeological sites. The line passes along the existing natural gas hence chances of archeological sites are limited. The project will make sure to avoid any declared archeological sites. However, procedures for chance finds will be included. Indigenous Peoples No No indigenous people are identified in Egypt. (OP/BP 4.10) Involuntary Resettlement Yes The project requires temporary involuntary (OP/BP 4.12) land acquisition during construction of the lines in addition to allocation of the new valve rooms (to be obtained under willing buyer – willing seller scheme) Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) No Not relevant to the proposed project Projects on International No Not relevant to the proposed project. The Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) pipeline will pass beneath the waterways. It will not cross any water way. Projects in Disputed Areas No Not relevant to the proposed project (OP/BP 7.60)

2.4.1 OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment According to the World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.01, the Natural Gas Connection Project is classified among Category A projects. Projects under this Category are likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive1, diverse, or unprecedented. Likely environmental impacts of the project shall be analyzed and mitigation measures proposed for expected negative impacts, along with an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan.

2.4.2 OP 4.09 Pest Management The proposed project will not involve purchasing or using any pesticides or herbicides during the project activities including the right of way maintenance.

1 A potential impact is considered “sensitive” if it may be irreversible (e.g., lead to loss of a major natural habitat) or raise issues covered by OP 4.10, Indigenous People; OP 4.04, Natural Habitats; OP 4.11, Physical Cultural Resources; or OP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement.

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2.4.3 OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources Project areas may include sites, buildings and monuments that fall under the definition of Physical Cultural Resources2. As the project involves excavations in many, which may be near sites of cultural value, there has been specific attention in this study to identify the locations of such sites, and to develop mitigation measures for controlling the effects on such sites. These mitigation measures are also reflected in the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan. As part of the avoidance mechanism GASCO ensures that the line passes along the existing natural gas hence chances of archeological sites are limited. The project will make sure to avoid any declared archeological sites.

2.4.4 OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement According to the WB’s safeguard policy on Involuntary Resettlement, physical and economic dislocation resulting from WB funded developmental projects or sub-projects should be avoided or minimized as much as possible. Unavoidable displacement should involve the preparation and implementation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) or a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), to address the direct economic and social impacts resulting from the project or sub-project’s activities causing involuntary resettlement. It is envisaged that the project on hand will result in the physical or economic dislocation of people. A RAP study has been prepared in order to outline a proposed approach and work plan to guide the implementation, handover, and monitoring and evaluation of the resettlement process.

2.4.5 World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines The general World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines in addition to the World Bank Onshore Oil and Gas Development EHS guidelines will be followed to ensure that the project complies with the Environmental Health and Safety standards and requirements of the WB during the different phases of the project.

2.5 Gap analysis for key Egyptian and WB environmental issues This section outlines the key requirements of both the Egyptian Legislations and the World Bank policies and the gaps between the requirements of the two entities

2.5.1 Air Quality

Table 0-2 Ambient Air Quality limits in the Egyptian legislations and WB standards Requirements of Egyptian Requirements of World Bank Legislation Outdoor Air Pollutants (in Ambient Air Quality as per OP 4.01 IFC

urban and industrial areas) as per General EHS Guidelines (Table 1.1.13)

2 Physical Cultural Resources are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features, and landscapes that have archeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. 4 Climate Change Adaptation and Natural Disasters Preparedness in the Coastal Cities of North Africa AASTMT/Egis Bceom Int./IA

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Requirements of Egyptian Requirements of World Bank Legislation Article 34 of law 4/1994 amended by law 9/2009 and Annex 5 of the Executive Regulations amended by Decree 710/2012. Exposur 1 hr 8 hr 24 hr 1 year 1 hr 8 hr 24 hr 1 year e Period 10 30 Carbon (urb (urba monoxi an n and N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A de CO and indus (µg/m3) indu .) s.) 300 125 50 125 (IT- Sulphur (urba (urba (urba 1) dioxide n) n) n) 50 (IT-2) N/A N/A N/A N/A SO2 350 150 60 20 (µg/m3) (indu (indus (indu (guidelin s.) .) s.) e) 300 150 60 Nitroge (urba (urba (urba n 200 40 n) n) n) Oxides N/A (guideli N/A N/A (guideli 300 150 80 NOx ne) ne) (indus (indu (indus (µg/m3) .) s.) .) 150 (IT- 150 70 1) 70 (IT-1) (urba (urba 100 (IT- 50 (IT-2) Particula n) n) 2) 30 (IT-3) tes PM10 N/A N/A N/A N/A 150 70 75 (IT-3) 20 (µg/m3) (indus (indus 50 (guidelin .) .) (guidelin e) e) 80 50 75 (IT- 35 (IT- (urba (urba 1) 1) Particula n) n) 50 (IT- 25 (IT- tes PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A 80 50 2) 2) (µg/m3) (indus (indus 37.5 15 (IT- .) .) (IT-3) 3)

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Requirements of Egyptian Requirements of World Bank Legislation 25 10 (guideli (guideli ne) ne) Total 230 125 suspend (urba (urba ed n) n) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A particles 230 125 TSP (indu (indu (µg/m3) s.) s.) 180 120 160 (urba (urba Ozone (IT-1) n) n) O3 N/A N/A N/A 100 N/A N/A 180 120 (µg/m3) (guideli (indu (indu ne) s.) s.)

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirements of the World Bank, the most stringent of the two standards will be applied. The bolded items in the above table present the guideline followed for each.. However, the Egyptian limits will be applied for the following cases, since there are no corresponding limits in the World bank standards to these parameters:  Carbon monoxide limits for 1 hour and 8 hour  Sulfur dioxide limits for 1 hour, and 1 year  Nitrogen oxide limits for 24 hours  Total suspended particulates limits for 24 hours and 1 year  Ozone limits for 1 hour

2.5.2 Water Quality

Table 0-3 Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Water Quality Requirements of Egyptian Requirements of World Bank Legislations Reference Requirements Reference Requirements

Executive States the standards OP 4.01 Projects with the Regulations issued an specifications of IFC General EHS potential to generate by decree 92/2013 fresh waterways Guidelines: process wastewater, of Law 48/1982 quality to which Environmental sanitary (domestic) (Article 49) industrial water can sewage, or be discharged stormwater should incorporate the

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Requirements of Egyptian Requirements of World Bank Legislations Reference Requirements Reference Requirements

necessary precautions to avoid, minimize, and control adverse impacts to human health, safety, or the environment. Ministerial Decree Includes the quality OP 4.01 Includes in Table No. 44/2000 of of industrial IFC General EHS 1.3.1 the indicative law 93/1962 wastewater Guidelines: values for treated discharged to the Environmental sanitary sewage sewage network. discharges The decree also states the entity should acquire the wastewater discharge licenses from the concerned authorities during the construction and operation phase

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirements of the World Bank, the requirements of the World Bank will be applied.

Table 0-4 - Limits for discharge of liquid effluent into sewer system Parameter/Pollutant Effluent threshold (ER Effluent threshold (WB 44/2000 of law 93/1962 requirements) pH 6-9.5 6-9 BOD (mg/l) 600 30 COD (mg/l) 1100 125 Total nitrogen (mg/l) 100 10 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 25 2 Oil and grease (mg/l) 100 10 Total suspended solids 800 50 (mg/l) Total Coliform Bacteria N/A 400 (Most Probable Number/100 ml)

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2.5.3 Noise Table 0-5 Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Ambient Noise Requirements of Egyptian Requirements of World Bank Legislations Reference Requirements Reference Requirements Law 4/1994 Maximum allowable OP 4.01 Limit of noise amended by law limit for ambient IFC General beyond the property 9/2009 and its noise intensity Guidelines: boundary of the ERs amended by Environmental facilities. decree 1095/2011 Table 1.7.1 and 710/2012 Law 4/1994 Maximum noise IFC General Limit of noise amended by law limits in work Guidelines: exposure inside the 9/2009 and its environment Occupational work environment ERs amended by Health and Safety decree 1095/2011 Table 2.3.1 and 710/2012

Table 0-6 Limits for ambient noise as per Egyptian and WB requirements Egyptian Law Permissible noise level WB Permissible noise levels

Maximum Receptor One hour LAeq

permissible (dBA) equivalent noise level

Area type [dB(Aeq)] Day Night Daytime Night 7 AM – 10 PM – 7 7:00 – 22:00 – 10 PM AM 22:00 7:00 Sensitive areas to noise 50 40 Residential 55 45 exposure Residential suburbs with 55 45 Industrial 70 70 low traffic flow Commercial and 60 50 administrative areas in city center Residential areas with 65 55 some workshops, administrative activities, or recreational and entertainment activities overlooking public roads less than 12 meters

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Egyptian Law Permissible noise level WB Permissible noise levels

Maximum Receptor One hour LAeq

permissible (dBA) equivalent noise level

Area type [dB(Aeq)] Day Night Daytime Night 7 AM – 10 PM – 7 7:00 – 22:00 – 10 PM AM 22:00 7:00 Areas overlooking public 70 60 roads more than or equal 12 meters, or industrial areas with light industries Industrial Zone with 70 70 heavy industries

Table 0-7 Limits noise exposure in Work environments as per Egyptian and WB requirements Egyptian Law Permissible noise level WB Permissible noise levels Maximum Location/ Equivalent Max

Type of place and permissible Exposure activity Level, LAeq, LAm activity equivalent noise duration 8 hrs ax, level [dB(A)] fast Heavy 85 dB(A) 110 a) Work places Industry dB(A) (workshops and (no industries) with up to 8 90 8 demand for hour shifts (licensed oral before 2014) communica tion) Light 50-65 dB(A) 110 b) Work places industry db(A) (workshops and (decreasing industries) with up to 8 85 8 demand for hour shifts (licensed oral since 2014) communica tion)

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirements of the World Bank, the requirements of the World Bank will be applied since it is the funding entity to the project.

2.5.4 Land acquisition issues Egyptian legislations are broadly consistent with the WB’s OP 4.12, some examples to show the consistency between WB and Egyptian laws are:

 The requirement to pay compensation in case of compulsory acquisition of land

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 The need to compensate for the acquired property based on full market value of the property at the data of the verdict;  The requirement to compensate for losses, whether temporary or permanent in production or damage to productive assets and crops.

There are, however, a number of specific areas where provisions required under OP 4.12 extend beyond those required under Palestinian legislation. These are as follows:

 The cut-off date: The WB identifies a cut-off date in order to prevent people influx to the project area. The Egyptian laws does not set a cut-off date, particularly if the impacts are related to agricultural lands that might experience changes in crops and tenancy. There will be no cut-off date, as from GASCO past experience in compensation it was found that it's fair and adequate that GASCO compensate for what is found on the land and the PAP to be compensated is the person who own or rent the land at the time GASCO get into his/her land. More detailed description will be mention in RAP.

 Monitoring and Evaluation: Monitoring or evaluation measures are not stipulated in Egyptian regulation. Lack of the necessary legal provision needed to put in place monitoring and evaluation measures can negatively impact the accountability and transparency programs and plans may not be able to benefit from corrective action in cases of mistakes nor receive rewards in cases of good performance.

 Valuation of compensation: Egyptian regulations use prevailing price in the affected areas to calculate and compensate project affected people for their expropriated property. The prevailing price is assessed by a specialized committee created by the government. For crops, they are valuated according to the price lists developed by the agriculture directorate. Previous Egyptian experiences show that the full replacement principle as stated by OP 4.12 has not been realized by the affected group. It is worth mentioning that based on the World Bank requirements for applying an effective and accessible grievance mechanism, GASCO established a proactive grievance system. GASCO compensation committee usually conducts several meetings with the Potential affected people (PAPs) at the construction sites in addition to follow up activities throughout the compensation process. Any complaints arising during the construction activities will be submitted to the resident engineer. GASCO also tries to ensure satisfaction with the compensation amounts by applying the following measures: o If the land is expropriated prior to the harvest season, unripe crops might be damaged completely as a result of the project causing the crop-holder losses in terms of financial investment and effort invested in the cultivation of those crops. This will be a complete loss of crops. In this case the crop holders will receive full compensation for the crops. o During harvest season, the crop holder is allowed to harvest the ripe crops allowing him to benefit from the crops. Moreover, s/he will receive their compensation. Consequently, s/he is partially affected as they will not lose their crops. In this case the

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crop holders will receive full compensation for the crops in addition to the harvested crops. o During the preparation of lands to be cultivated, the farmers will not lose their crops, and they will exert no effort to cultivate the land. This will be minor impact. In this case crop holders will receive a compensation equivalent to the rent of the land (uncultivated) identified by the agricultural directorate for uncultivated land. The Legislative and Regulatory Framework of Land Acquisition will be presented and discussed in detail in RAP study (In a separate chapter); This chapter will cover the following:  Policy references  Egyptian Relevant Legislations  Gaps Between Egyptian Regulations and World Bank Policies  Summary of GASCO Compensation System for Affected Lands, Crops and Trees The gap filling measures will be applied.

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3 Project Description 3.1 Project Background The construction of the new pipeline will deliver the natural gas from Rasheed petroleum company ( it is the start point of Raven pipeline located onshore) to WDGC and Amreya LPG in Alexandria Governorate in order to facilitate the potential of future connection of natural gas to other industrial and residential areas in the areas crossing by the pipeline. However, GASCO main role is supplying industrial sector by natural gas not supplying natural gas to residential household. The connection of natural is under the role of the local distributor companies.

The submarine connection between the offshore field to starting point of the route of Raven pipeline is out of the project scope but a separate due diligence study will be prepared for offshore pipeline and also the offshore facility supply gas to the offshore pipeline

The 30’’ pipeline is passing through Beheira and Alexandria Governorates with a total length of 70 km, 42 km in Beheira governorate and 28 km in Alexandria governorate. It will pass by 7 valve rooms (3 rooms existing and 4 rooms are proposed to be constructed) and 18 intersects with asphalet roads, lakes and rail ways.

The 18’’ pipeline is 5km runs in Alexandria governorate. It will pass by 3 new valve rooms and only one intersect with Malahat for 4.5 km.

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Figure 3-1 Pipeline 30’’ and 18’’ route

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3.2 Project Components

3.2.1 Natural gas composition The natural gas composition of the national network is mainly Methane (80%) and traces of ethane, propane, Iso-butane, Nitrogen…etc. The following table presents the general natural gas composition of the national network. The main activities are the monitoring of the pipeline and the routine checking for the occurrence of gas leaks. The following sub-sections present more details about these activities.

Table 3-1 - General natural gas composition of the national network Component/Properties Maximum Minimum Unit

Nitrogen 0.6183 0.6653 Mole%

Methane 79.8207 88.0622 Mole%

Carbon Dioxide 5.8996 5.4793 Mole%

Ethane 8.5755 4.9468 Mole%

Propane 3.4219 0.6918 Mole%

Iso Butane 0.5244 0.0602 Mole%

N-Butane 0.7855 0.0758 Mole%

Neo Pentane 0 0 Mole%

Iso Pentane 0.144 0.0086 Mole%

N-Pentane 0.1138 0.0061 Mole%

Hexanes and Heavier 0.0963 0.0039 Mole%

Gross Heating Value At 1101.6298 999.5827 Btu/ft3 60 F and 1 atm

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3.2.2 Pipeline Route 30’’ pipeline,70 km from Raven gas field to WDGC

The route of the pipeline starts from valve Room 1 inside Rasheed Gas company in Edko district, 1 km away from the Mediterranean coast, then southwards to meet the international coastal road and run parallel to it from the north side parallel to the existing 20’’pipeline El Meadia/Edko for 14 km. It passes through Edko Lake and fish farms with a length of about 7 km from 18.800 km to 25.700 km and intersects with Petroleum Companies Road - Abu Bakir Rasheed Road and a number of canal and drainages. There are two valve rooms (2 and 3) parallel to the international coastal road from the north side.

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Figure 3-2 The start point of 70 km pipeline with the valve rooms 1,2,3

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The pipeline cuts the international coastal road at 32.5 km where the proposed valve room 4 will exist then runs parallel to it from the south side to 42.5 km intersecting with Mahmudiyah canal cuts, Cairo / Alexandria agricultural road and Cairo / Alexandria railway.

Figure 3-3 70 km Pipeline runs parallel to coastal international road crossing by the valve rooms 4

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Afterwards, it leaves the international coastal road and deviates to south west direction to intersect with the new Mariout Canal and the Dushoudi drainage then runs parallel to the canal and the drainage from the western side up to 50.2 km where the proposed valve room 5 will be construct.

Figure 3-4 70 km Pipeline leaves the coastal international road crossing by the valve rooms 5

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It passes by El Amoom bank, lake and asphalet road and runs parallel to el Hares el amoomy bank from south east direction for 57.300 km then it intersects it with el hares (1) bank to run parallel to the latter bank from the south direction parallel to Nubaria navigational lake from the east side passing through agriculture lands and the proposed valve room 6 at 66.500 km. Finally, the pipeline cuts Nubaria navigational canal from the westward direction and West Drainage of Nubaria, railway to reach the end point in valve room 7 inside The Western Desert Gas Complex with a total of 70 km and 7 valve rooms (3 exists and 4 proposed) and 18 intersections.

Figure 3-5 70km Pipeline crossing by the valve rooms 6 and reach end point at valve room

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18’’ pipeline,5 km from Raven pipeline to Al Amreya LPG Plant

The 18’’ pipeline line is branched from 30’’ pipeline. It starts from valve room 1’ proposed to be constructed on the proposed Raven 30’’ natural gas pipeline from the south side of el omoom Drainage in Alexandria and then runs north-west for a distance of 4.5 km inside a Salt Lake (Malahat) and Maryot lake to reach the proposed valve room 2’ next to the fence of the existing Amreya Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Company and extend within the company for a distance of 500 meters until it reaches the end point at valve Room 3’ with total distance of 5 km, 3 proposed valve rooms and 2 intersections.

Figure 3-6 18’’ Pipeline route

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The construction and laying down of the pipeline is done through digging trenches, except in areas of intersections with major waterways and roads, where the Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) technology will be used. The table below presents the main intersections of the 30’’ and 18’’ pipeline.

Table 3-2 –Main Crossing of the pipelines Main crosses Number Names

30’’ pipeline,70 km from Raven gas field to WDGC

Canals 4 - El Mahmodia - El Tahrir  Maryot El Gdeeda-El Deshoy - Nobaria

Lake 1 - Edko

Drainages 4  El Mansheya  El Omoom  El Hares El omoomy  El Hares (1)

Asphalt Road 6  Petrol companies  Rasheed- Abu Qeer  Road 45  International coastal road  Cairo/Alexandria agriculture road  El Roda el Gdeeda road

Rail Way 3  El Maamora-Rasheed  Cairo/Alexandria  El Etehad

18’’ pipeline,5 km from Raven pipeline to Al Amreya LPG Plant

Lake 1 Maryot

Canal 1 Nubaria

Drainage 1 El Hares El omoomy

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3.2.3 Pipeline Design Considerations The pipeline shall be designed, constructed and tested in general accordance with ASME B31.8 along with the other relevant codes and standards adopted by GASCO in its designs in addition to any other additional local regulations. Thus, it will be free from significant defects. The following standards will be followed:  The pipeline should be protected against rust and corrosion;  The pipeline should be protected against external trespass;  The pipeline should not be adversely influenced by ground movement, as a result of natural or human activities; and  Modification, maintenance and repair of the pipeline should be carried out in such a way that doesn’t negatively affect its safety measures. In addition, the following codes and standards will be followed for the design of the different pipeline components  API 5L for line pipes;  API 6D for valves;  ANSI B 16.9 and MSS SP 75 for fittings;  ANSI B 16.5 and MSS SP 44 for flanges; and  ASME B 31.8 and GASCO local regulations for construction and pipeline design. Moreover, the pipeline design takes into consideration the location class of the pipelines according to the population density along the pipeline route as will be shown later in this chapter. The location class is also used to determine the patrolling activity to be conducted on the site. The material specifies for both pipelines 30’’ and 18’’ is APL 5L X60 with Maximum operating pressure of 70 bar

3.2.4 Valve Rooms The valve rooms, the existing and the new, control the flow of the natural gas through the pipeline by changing the opening percentage of the valves, or by changing the path of the natural gas by operating the bypass valves

30’’ pipeline,70 km from Raven gas field to WDGC

There are 3 existing valve rooms and 4 valve rooms are proposed to be constructed. The first one is at the start of the pipeline route inside the petroleum company at Edko, the second one located at the point where the pipeline will start to run parallel to the international coastal road. The third existing valve room is located in area of Halawani.

The proposed valve rooms 4,5 and 6 are located in Maadia, 5/8 area of el talat kabari and abo el noom respectively. The last valve room 7 will be located inside the final destination of the pipeline inside the WDGC plant.

18’’ pipeline,5 km from Raven pipeline to Al Amreya LPG Plant

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There will be 3 proposed valve rooms on this pipeline. The first one will be located on the proposed Raven 30’’ gas pipeline. The second one will be located at the meeting point after the pipeline will cross the mala7at. The third valve room will be constructed inside the LPG plant in Amreya.

The main technical data of the valve room is:

 Area: 45 x 25 m2  Operation conditions: o Maximum operating pressure: 70 bar o Minimum operating pressure: 30 bar o Temperature varies between 33°C-43°C

3.3 Activities of Construction Phase Construction will be carried out by qualified and approved contractors under the supervisions and monitoring by GASCO. The work activities will be as follows:

• Clearing and grading activities and Pipe transportation and storage • Right of Way activities; • Trenching; • Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) or boring for the road crossings; • Welding and inspection; • Coating and inspection; • Wrapping of joints; • Ditching; • Installation of valves; • Tie-ins; • Laying fiber-optic cables; • Backfilling; • Pigging; • Hydrostatic test; • Dewatering; • Purging& commissioning; and • Manufacturing and fittings for valves room (including civil, mechanical, and electric components).

3.3.1 Clearing and grading activities and Pipe transportation and storage The first step of construction includes flagging the locations of approved access route of pipeline, temporary workshop for the crew, install fences surrounding the area of working, clean the land from any rubbish and /or remove weeds. Grading is conducted where necessary to provide a reasonably level work surface. Additionally, equipment and piping

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will be transported to the site (temporary storage area). Quality control procedures during the transportation and handling of pipes should take place to ensure protection from any effects that may damage the pipes, and prevent any traffic accidents. The pipes “originally coated with polyethylene” are generally stored and stacked in a devoted area in a way that ensures their protection from any effects that may damage the pipes or their coatings. In addition, the contractor will set quality control procedures during the transportation and handling of pipes for the same reason.

Figure 3-7 Clearing and grading activities

3.3.2 Right of Way Activities GASCO will manage its access for the Right of Way (ROW) through governmental permits from the relevant ministries/organizations. Annex 1 presents a copy of some of the local permits obtained so far. The contractor will then implement the ROW activities to clear any obstacles that may interrupt the excavation activities. The contractor will be keen to avoid unnecessary damage to crops or neighbor buildings during R.O.W, and he will be responsible for compensating any damages. The contractor shall also use warning signs in the work area to protect persons, automotive vehicles…etc. No impacts are anticipated after the pipeline is constructed and operated. Although some restrictions are normally applied on the land uses of the ROW (2*2 m in urban areas and 6*2 meters in rural areas) from the center of the pipeline).

3.3.3 Excavation and trenching Before any excavation activities, the contractor shall coordinate with the different authorities to determine the existing infrastructure in the project’s area (e.g. water lines, sewage lines, electrical cables and telecommunication lines)so as to avoid any undue damage. In case of lacking sufficient information on the available infrastructure, the contractor will carefully excavate a trial pit. In case of the asphalt roads, an excavator will be used to remove the asphalt layers. The contractor shall excavate the trench in which the pipeline is to be laid with the following dimensions with a possibility of having 10% excess where required by works in some areas

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 Depth to the pipe top elevation below the general ground level o 1 m for all land types other than rocky lands o 0.7 m for rocky lands.  Width of trench o Pipe outside diameter “with coating” + 0.4 m  Angle of trench o Rocky area- vertically cut o Compacted soil - 40° to vertical o Running soil - 70° to vertical

The following figure illustrates how to dig trenches for various types of soils. The ditch bottom shall be uniformly and carefully graded and be free from coarse rocks solid objects which could negatively affect the pipeline coating. Due to its criticality, quality control checks will be applied from GASCO and the contractor for this issue.

Figure 3-8 Excavation and trenching

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Figure 3-9 - Ditching in various types of soils

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At locations with irregular ground elevations, additional excavation may be applied to avoid undue bending of the pipe. In addition, and in case of having crossing with other underground infrastructure lines/cables, the trench shall be deepened so that the pipeline be installed below or above the existing lines/cables in accordance with the following figures.

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Figure 3-10 - Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable above the proposed NG pipeline

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Figure 3-11 - Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable below the proposed NG pipeline

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3.3.4 Pipe Laying and Trench Backfilling Before pipe laying, the bottom of the trench should be cleaned of any rocks or solid objects, which may damage the pipeline. The trench shall be laid on a fine sieved sand layer of a minimum depth of 20 cm. Wide nonabrasive belts will be used while lowering the pipeline to the trench, and the contractor will carefully remove the belts from around the coated pipes. In case of any damage caused to the pipes’ coating during the lowering operation, the contractor will repair such damage before laying the pipe in the ditch. The pipeline lowering shall be undertaken in the presence of GASCO representatives.

Figure 3-12 Pipe Laying and Trench Backfilling

Backfilling The trench shall be backfilled within 48 hours after lowering the pipeline. The initial backfill will be to a minimum height 20 cm of fine sieved sand to protect the pipeline. The backfill will be then compacted by wet sand layers of 15 cm thickness, so that the total height is not less than 20 cm above the adjacent ground level. On the other hand, and in case of the trenches being dug in roads, backfilling shall be carried out immediately after the pipeline has been laid in the same technique shown above. The main difference is that the finished backfilling level will be the same as the road level. After that, the contractor will work on restoring the road surface to its original status. In all cases, cathodic protection system will be applied to the pipeline and valves. Appropriate signage and community safety measures will be in place in addition to covering or safeguarding any open trenches that are not promptly filled.

Welding The pipes are welded together, and a quality control test using x-rays will be applied to ensure the welding effectiveness. In addition, the uncoated parts of the pipes (at the end parts to be welded) are coated on site, and the coating layer is tested using a “holiday test” before starting the pipeline laying. Such tests will be implemented by the contractor and re-checked by GASCO.

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Figure 3-13 Welding activities

3.3.5 Leakage testing (Hydrostatic testing) Following construction activities and before the flowing of the natural gas in the pipeline,the pipeline should be tested to locate possible leaks and to ensure that the pipeline can withstand higher pressure than the operating pressure of the natural gas flow. As long as the operating pressure in the proposed pipeline in high, hydrostatic strength and leakage testing will be required. The hydrostatic test is conducted by introducing pressurized water into the pipeline (150% of operating pressure) for 24 hours and checking whether there are any pressure losses. This will be detected by the pressure recording instrument connected to the pipeline during the test. The water used in the test shall be clean fresh water and free from any substance which may be harmful to pipe material (including high levels of salinity). The water to be used in the hydrostatic test of this project will be sourced from water trucks. A filter of sufficient capacity shall be accordingly installed between the water source and the suction side of the pump. Hydrostatic testing must be followed by dewatering and gauging. Before introducing the water, A 'bi-directional pig' is placed in the beginning of the pipeline. Then the pipeline is filled with fresh clean water, where the 'bi-directional pig' will be is moving in the entering water direction, and comes out from the other side guaranteeing that there are no air pockets inside the pipeline. After raising the water’s pressure, and ensuring the test’s success, another 'bi-directional pig' is introduced to discharge the water (Dewatering)

3.3.6 Dewatering The 'bi-directional pig' used will be based on foam or rubber. Pigs will continue operation until there is no evidence of having water in the pipeline as determined by the tests. Such tests shall include either the calculation of the gain in weight of the pig or measuring of the dew point of the compressed air entering and exiting the pipe line.

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3.3.7 Magnetic Cleaning and Geometric Pigging To ensure that the pipeline is free of any solid materials which may cause erosion to the pipeline, pipeline cleaning should be conducted using ‘pigging’ technique. A series of magnetic cleaning pigs will be run until the pipeline is judged by the company to be free of magnetic debris. After that, the contractor will run a geometric pig. After a successful run by the geometric pig, the pipeline will be left with positive pressure of at least 2 bar using either dry air or dry nitrogen as determined by the company so as to discharge any metallic components still present. The resulting solid waste from the pigging operation will be disposed by applying GASCO’s specific solid waste management procedure.

3.3.8 Purging and Commissioning Before starting the flow of Natural gas, the pipeline will be purged by flushing with dry nitrogen at ambient temperature to ensure that no operational problems arise from air or water left in the pipeline. The pressure of Nitrogen is gradually increased till it reaches the operating pressure, and then the operation starts by replacing the Nitrogen with Natural gas.

3.3.9 Pipeline Crossings To install a natural gas pipeline beneath the ground level, this can either be done by digging a trench or using trenchless technologies. Trenchless technologies can be further classified as guided methods and non-guided methods. In this analysis, the most famous technology in each category (which are generally employed by GASCO) will be considered; namely, horizontal directional drilling (HDD) representing the guided trenchless technology, auger boring representing the non-guided trenchless technology, and the open-cut representing the trench technology. The open cut method is usually used in small internal roads, where normal excavation takes place. It can be also applied in case of having long agricultural or desert roads where auger boring and HDD are not possible. This is a simple technique which usually takes between 1 and 2 days, and require road narrowing or diverting. For bigger branched roads, auger boring excavation technique is usually applied. This technique requires more excavation depths (about 5-6 meters). This is a bit more complex technique compared to the open-cut technology; however, it also takes between 1 and 2 days, and may require road narrowing or diverting. On the other hand, where the pipelines cross main roads, or huge water bodies, HDD is usually applied. HDD is a trenchless methodology that use high excavation depths (up to 30-40 meters) and can be used for high pipeline length. HDD provides a number of benefits compared to the other traditional technologies. These benefits include having very little disruption to traffic as road narrowing or diverting are not required, in addition to the smaller work area requirements. However, HDD suffer from two main disadvantages which are the long time required (about 2 weeks), and the high cost compared to the conventional technologies. HDD pipeline installations have been widely used in the previous period in GASCO projects, and it is considered the fastest growing trenchless construction method today. In general, for the current project, HDD is the recommended installation technology for the pipeline crossings with the main roads, lakes, drainages and railways. Usually, the exact maximum depth that

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Figure 3-14 HDD

Auger Boring The horizontal auger boring trenchless technique involves equipment like auger boring machine, auger, and cutting head. This technique also requires the excavation of a drilling pit and a receiving pit. The process starts by lowering the auger boring machine into the drilling pit, and then the augers installed inside the casing pipe are lowered into the pit and connected to the auger boring machine. The boring operation then starts by rotating the augers and the cutting head, and pushing the casing pipe gradually forward. This process continues till the casing pipe emerges from the receiving pit side. The boring process results in cuttings (spoil) which is carried through the augers and extracted from the entry side of the boring machine. The process is mainly unguided, and accordingly operator skill is critical. The degree of controlling the horizontal alignment is usually low. Enough working space is required both in the drilling and receiving pits for the equipment and the crew movement. The technique is suitable for wide range of soils; however, non-cohesive soils and boulders cause some difficulties.

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Figure 3-15 - Auger Boring

Horizontal Directional Drilling As shown in Figure 3-16, Figure 3-17, and Figure 3-18, the HDD technique can be classified to three stages as follows:

Stage 1: Pilot hole drilling

Stage 2: Pre-Reaming

Stage 3: Pipeline Pullback

Before starting the drilling activities, a topographic survey is conducted to the proposed excavation site. This survey aims to determine the soil conditions at the different depths, and accordingly determine a drill path including the entry and exit points. After that, the first stage starts by drilling a pilot hole through the studied drill path centerline. The drilling machine usually sets on the surface, and the drill string enters the ground at an angle between 5 and 20 degrees. The bore path is usually adjusted to be of gradual curvature to match with the allowable bend radius of the pipeline and minimize friction. The bore path is monitored by devices mounted to the drill string. Signals are directed to the operators on the surface so as to direct the drill path accordingly. Usually, a drilling slurry is pumped in the bore path so as to lubricate, clean and cool the cutting heads, transport the cuttings to the surface, and stabilize the hole against collapse. The slurries are usually bentonite based, and the slurry associated with cuttings is pumped to a settling pit where the slurry is separated from the cuttings and recycled.

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After the plot hole drilling step, a back-reamer attached to the end of the drill string is pulled back through the path to enlarge the hole. This step can be repeated more than once till the hole diameter becomes about 50% larger than the required pipeline diameter to minimize friction or bending of the pipeline. As the reamer goes back and forth, this is called “pre-reaming. After that, the pipeline is connected to the back-reamer and pulled back through the drill path.

Figure 3-16 - Pilot hole drilling stage in HDD technique

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Figure 3-17 - Pre-Reaming stage in HDD technique

Figure 3-18 - Pipeline pullback stage in HDD technique

3.3.10 Construction work in the valve room The construction of the valve room includes some structural work (reinforced concrete installation) in addition to the electromechanical components and the commissioning activities.

3.4 Expected machines and trucks

The expected machines and trucks that will be used in the construction area during the construction phase are the following:

 Double Cabin Car;  Bus;  Puller;  Generator 200-250 K.V;  Crane 50 Ton;  Side Boom D8;  Pipe welder and carrier;  Low Bed;  Water and solar Tank Car;  Agriculture Excavator;  Trucks;  Excavator;  Loader;  Bulldozer D8;  Trailer;  Compressor;

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 Sand Plaster;  Cement Mixer;  Ambulance; and  Equipment carrier. The contractor will specify the exact number of equipment used during the construction phase. 3.5 Activities of Operation Phase

Normal operation will include routine audits on the occurrence of gas leaks. Normal maintenance and monitoring works for the pipeline include:

o Pipeline Patrolling o Leakage Survey; and o SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System).

3.5.1 Pipeline Patrolling Pipeline patrolling is carried out in order to identify activities (e.g. construction activities nearby) or actions (e.g. trespass) that could damage the pipeline, and accordingly cause safety problems that may reach to explosion. Patrolling also identifies areas of concern such as land slippage etc. in the general area of the pipeline that could cause subsequent problems. Written reports showing the results of the pipeline patrolling is reported to the sector office. Along the whole pipeline route, 3 pipeline classes make up the path of the pipeline which are classes 2, 3, and 4. The frequency of the patrol will vary for differing areas according to the location class as shown in the following table. The number of buildings is usually accounted in a zone of 200 meters wide on either side of the pipeline route, and in section of 1 km lengthwise. As the location class increases, the patrolling frequency increases as well.

Table 3-3 - Location Class as defined by GASCO Number of buildings intended for Location Class Human Occupancy Location Class 1 10 or fewer

Location Class 2 More than 10 but fewer than 46

Location Class 3 More than 46

Location Class 4 More than 46 and including multistorey buildings and where there may be many other utilities

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3.5.2 Leakage Survey Leakage Survey is conducted to protect the population against the effects of escaping natural gas and to early detect any damage to the pipeline or the components of the valve room. The Cathodic protection system is also inspected weekly to ensure its effectiveness. Written reports showing the results of the leakage survey are reported to the sector office, and in case of detecting any leakage, the maintenance department quickly perform the required procedures to fix the leakage source. The staff undertaking patrolling and leakage surveys must be fully trained before carrying out such duties.

3.5.3 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System) GASCO company is working with SCADA system, which is a highly sophisticated integrated system used to control the national natural gas pipeline network. The SCADA system performs remote controlling of the valve rooms to adjust the operating pressure, and if necessary change the flow of natural gas by bypassing the main route. The SCADA system can also detect natural gas leakage if a pressure drop was observed in certain pipeline. The SCADA system is connected with the fiber optics system installed in the pipelines.

3.6 Resources Consumption

3.6.1 During Construction Phase i) Water Water is mainly used during the construction phase in the hydrostatic testing in addition to the domestic uses by the workers and engineers. The water used for construction activities will be sourced from trucks, while water used for the hydrostatic testing will be sourced from the Nile River tributaries. Drinking water will be bottled. The exact amount of water to be used during the construction phase will be determined by the contractor of this project.

ii) Fuel

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Diesel fuel will be mainly used for diesel generators that supplies electricity to construction activities including welding. In addition, diesel will be the fuel used by the trucks and excavators.

3.6.2 During Operation Phase i) Electricity

The electricity consumption in the operation phase is expected to be sourced from the valve room. The electricity consumption during the operation phase is expected to be minimal which will be mainly consumed at the control room.

3.7 Waste Generation

3.7.1 During Construction Phase Solid waste during construction phase will comprise domestic waste, construction waste and some hazardous wastes from the project activities. The waste is expected to include the following waste streams: Hazardous wastes:  Used oil waste;  Asphalt ; and  Miscellaneous containers, paint cans, solvent containers, aerosol cans, adhesive, and lubricant containers.

Non-hazardous wastes:  Soil (excavated or surplus)  Packaging materials  Damaged products (pipes, etc.);  Packing timber;  Paving materials;  Electrical cable off-cuts;  Concrete;

3.7.2 During Operation Phase The pipeline operation is not expected to dispose any type of solid waste during the operation phase.

3.8 The Expected Timeline of the Project Execution

 Construction work: 24 months

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4 Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions The 30’’ pipeline is passing through Beheira and Alexandria Governorates with a total length of 70 km, 42 km in Beheira governorate and 28 km in Alexandria governorate.

Figure 4-1 – Alexandria and Behiera governorates location Source: EEAA(www.eeaa.gov.eg)

4.1 Description of the Environment Alexandria has a semi-arid Mediterranean -subtropical climate characterized by mild, variably rainy winters and hot, dry summers.

4.1.1 Temperature Temperatures in Alexandria range from a minimum of 12.0 °C in January to a maximum 27.0 °C in July and August. The table below shows average monthly minimum and maximum temperatures for Alexandria.

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Table 4-1 Monthly Average Minimum and Maximum Temperatures in Alexandria for the Year 20154 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Average Min. T 9.1 9.3 10.8 13.4 16.6 20.3 22.8 23.1 21.3 17.8 14.3 10.6 (oC) Average Max. 18.1 19.3 20.9 23 25.5 28.6 29.7 30.4 29.6 27.6 23.7 19.8 T (oC)

4.1.2 Humidity The monthly relative humidity at Abu el Matamir station about 30 km east of El Amreya is shown below.

Table 4-2 Monthly Average Relative Humidity (RH %) in El Amreya (Abu El Mattamir5) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec RH (%) 69 67.7 65.9 60.7 63 68.3 70 68 68.4 68.7 69.7 69.9

4.1.3 Rainfall Most precipitation occurs in the winter during the month of January. The daily average precipitation at Abo El Matamir is presented in the following table.

Table 4-3: Daily average precipitation in El Amreya (Abu el Matamir6 ), Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average daily 40.2 18.2 9.5 3.7 1.2 - - - 0.3 1.7 3.5 7 precipitation (mm)

4.1.4 Wind The prevailing wind direction is from North to northwest; monthly .

Table 4-4Average Wind Speed (km/hr) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec 13 13.7 14 13.3 12.6 11.5 11.5 10.8 10.4 10.4 10.4 11.6

4.1.5 Geology The project area is characterized by Holocene deposits, which cover the western part of the Alexandria Governorate. The Holocene deposits are divided into littoral and terrestrial deposits. Littoral Deposits are composed of white carbonate sands deposited along the Mediterranean Sea or evaporates of crystalline gypsum mixed with sand and clay. Terrestrial Deposits composed mainly of yellow quartz sand with shell fragments to the south of Alexandria city.

4 Climate Change Adaptation and Natural Disasters Preparedness in the Coastal Cities of North Africa AASTMT/Egis Bceom Int./IA

5 www.weatherbase.com

6 www.weatherbase.com

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4.1.6 Soils

Soils of the coastal plain Soils in El Agami and El Dekheila and El Buseili are mainly fine to medium grained beach deposits composed of carbonate sands with oolitic texture.

Soils of the tableland “Residual soil” type is dominant on the tableland and forms the local patches. “Transported soils”, consisting of rock fragments of weathered limestone in a calcareous loamy matrix, are noticed in some places. The soil profile is generally sandy.

4.1.7 Water resources Surface water Nearby surface water resources include Al-Mahmoudeya Canal (60 km), Lake Maryut (20 km), Nubeira canal (5 km) and the gulfs of Al-Max (20 km) and Abu Quir (60 km), and the Mediterranean sea (8 km).

Groundwater Al Ralat and the Nile Delta are two main aquifers at El Amreya.

Groundwater is not encountered at shallow depths such as those resulting from the excavation work (1 m deep) making groundwater unlikely to be encountered.

4.1.8 Natural Hazards

The project area is identified as being at low risks for flooding and seismicity/ground instability and at medium risk for tsunamis, respectively7.

4.1.9 Terrestrial Biological Environment Flora

Vegetation is encountered near surface water resources.

As gas connection works are planned in urbanized and semi-urbanized areas, no flora associated with surface waters or flora of significance will be encountered.

Fauna

The presence of domesticated animals such as buffaloes, cows, donkeys, sheep goats, horses and dogs, was dependent on human activity and found in agricultural areas. All of these animals were sheltered and fed by their owners either in open or covered pens, and no free grazing animals were observed.

7 Climate change adaption and natural disasters preparedness in the coastal cities of North Africa. http://www.uncclearn.org/sites/default/files/inventory/wb91.pdf

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As the natural gas connections project will only take place in urbanized and semi-urbanized areas, in streets that have already been excavated and include underground utilities, flora and fauna of significance will not be encountered.

4.1.10 Protected Areas Pipelines routes are not located within any Protected Area8.

4.1.11 Site Specific Ambient Air Quality and Noise The selection of the active air and noise measurement location is based on the nature of the surrounding activities, the location of the nearest sensitive receptors with respect to the project plots, prevailing wind direction, site topography and the future layout of the proposed project components. Moreover, the selection is based on the guidelines stated in the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) reference method. The coordinates of the Ambient Air (AA) and noise measurement locations are presented in the table below

Table 4-5 Coordinates of the AA and noise locations Locations N coordinates E coordinates

1 31° 1' 40.43" 29° 51' 47.93"

2 31° 6' 11.42" 29° 52' 33.03"

3 31° 12' 8.84" 30° 5’ 6.43"

Ambient Air quality The parameters measured are the following:

 TOTAL Suspended Particulate (TSP)

 Thoracic particulate ( PM10 )

 Nitrogen dioxide NO2.

 Sulfur dioxide SO2.  Carbon monoxide CO.

The following tables present the results for ambient air quality measurements conducted at the two locations for one-hour average results for 8 hours continuous measurements:

8 http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/Portals/0/eeaaReports/N- protect/Protectorates2013_A3En_Ar_Existing_Future.pdf

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Table 4-6 Daily average results (µg/m3) First Location

CO Time NO NO2 NO x SO2 PM10 T.S.P (mg/m3)

08:00 17.5 23.7 40.2 16.3 2.4 AM

09:00 10.5 26.1 35.4 19.1 3.4 AM

10:00 8.7 28.6 36 17.9 2.8 AM

11:00 18.1 22.4 39.1 16 3.2 AM 70.3 160.6 12:00 PM 12.9 24.8 36.2 16.2 3.3

01:00 PM 20.12 22.82 41.72 17.12 3.12

02:00 PM 11.1 28.2 37.8 15.6 3.2

03:00 PM 12 24.1 34.2 15.2 4.2

04:00 13.25 25.12 35.15 18.21 3.8 PM

Limits - 300 150 300 30 (mg/m3) 150 230

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Figure 4-2 NOx variation in the location

Figure 4-3 SO2 variation in the location

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Figure 4-4 CO variation in the location

Table 4-7 Daily average results (µg/m3) Second Location

CO Time NO NO2 NOx SO2 PM10 T.S.P (mg/m3)

08:00 13.2 18.16 31.36 12.24 1.12 AM

09:00 7.44 19.92 27.36 14.32 1.76 AM

10:00 5.92 21.84 27.76 13.28 1.2 AM

11:00 70.3 160.6 13.36 16.8 30.16 11.68 1.44 AM

12:00 PM 10.26 20.97 31.23 13.23 1.62

01:00 PM 15.12 17.28 32.4 12.72 1.52

02:00 PM 7.68 21.36 29.04 11.28 1.36

03:00 PM 8.08 17.76 25.84 10.64 1.84

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CO Time NO NO2 NOx SO2 PM10 T.S.P (mg/m3)

04:00 PM 9.12 20.15 30.25 11.25 1.7

Limits - 300 150 300 30 (mg/m3) 150 230

Figure 4-5 NOx variation in the location

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Figure 4-6 SO2 variation in the location

Figure 4-7 CO variation in the location

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Table 4-8 Daily average results (µg/m3) Third Location CO Time NO NO2 NO x SO2 PM10 T.S.P (mg/m3)

08:00 13.2 18.16 31.36 12.24 1.12 AM

09:00 7.44 19.92 27.36 14.32 2.64 AM

10:00 5.18 19.11 24.29 11.62 1.8 AM

11:00 15.03 18.9 33.93 13.14 2.16 AM 70.3 160.6

12:00 PM 5.7 11.65 17.35 7.35 2.16

01:00 PM 15.12 17.28 32.4 12.72 2.28

02:00 PM 6.72 18.69 25.41 9.87 2.04

03:00 PM 7.07 15.54 22.61 9.31 2.76

04:00 PM 12.15 16.85 28.22 10.15 1.91

Limits - 300 150 300 30 (mg/m3) 150 230

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Figure 4-8 NOx variation in the location

Figure 4-9 SO2 variation in the location

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Figure 4-10 CO variation in the location

The two main factors affecting the ambient air concentration of a certain pollutant emitted from a certain source or sources in a selected area are: • The intensity of the emissions (e.g. concentration and flow rate) from the source or sources. • The uncontrollable atmospheric dispersion conditions, which include but not limited to (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, rainfall, atmospheric turbulence, solar radiation intensity and atmospheric pressure). All the recorded results showed compliance with the national and international guidelines for ambient air quality moreover, most of the data recorded were way below the guidelines, which indicates that the ambient air quality in this area are matching with guidelines of emissions released from proposed sources.

Noise

The table below presents the results of one-hour average ambient noise measurements and their corresponding national and international permissible limits.

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Table 4-9 Ambient Noise Levels Readings First Location Permissible Limits Sound Level Equivalent & Percentile Recordings in dBA for 8 Hours Time LAeq (dBA)

LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpeak National International

08:00 49.62 46.32 41.85 35.73 37.07 99.77 AM

09:00AM 50.66 54.76 30.32 28.1 33.53 108.22

10:00 58.52 52.27 42.87 35.1 33.2 128.36 AM

11:00 52.02 52.88 44.5 36.61 34.56 101.27 AM

12:00 53.31 48.94 37.3 31.53 30.17 102.1 PM 70 70

01:00 56.82 50.22 38.35 31.56 29.87 101.27 PM

02:00 52.89 55.94 48.44 40.95 39.89 99.93 PM

03:00 50.9 55.07 46.15 35.01 32.57 95.64 PM

04:00 53.51 52.12 35.5 39.21 31.25 94.25 PM

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Table 4-10 Ambient Noise Levels Readings at Second Location Permissible Limits Sound Level Equivalent & Percentile Recordings in dBA for 8 Hours Time LAeq (dBA)

LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpeak National International

08:00 56.892 53.262 48.345 41.613 43.087 112.057 AM

09:00 52.86 56.96 32.52 30.3 35.73 110.42 AM

10:00 55.224 65.724 54.444 45.12 42.84 157.032 AM

11:00 54.42 55.28 46.9 39.01 36.96 103.67 AM

12:00 55.81 51.44 39.8 34.03 32.67 104.6 60 70 PM

01:00 53.118 47.178 36.495 30.384 28.863 93.123 PM

02:00 55.79 58.84 51.34 43.85 42.79 102.83 PM

03:00 52.4 56.57 47.65 36.51 34.07 97.14 PM

04:00 51.12 55.2 45.12 33.54 35.51 98.12 PM

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Table 4-11 Ambient Noise Levels Readings at Third Location Permissible Limits Sound Level Equivalent & Percentile Recordings in dBA for 8 Hours LAeq (dBA) Time LCpea Nationa Internatio LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 k l nal

08:00 50.72 47.42 42.95 36.83 38.17 100.87 AM

09:00 51.86 55.96 31.52 29.3 34.73 102.42 AM

10:00 58.92 52.67 43.27 35.5 33.6 130.76 AM

11:00 53.22 54.08 45.7 37.81 35.76 102.47 AM

12:00 54.61 50.24 38.6 32.83 31.47 103.4 60 70 PM

01:00 56.92 50.32 38.45 31.66 29.97 101.37 PM

02:00 54.49 57.54 50.04 42.55 41.49 115.53 PM

03:00 51.3 55.47 46.55 35.41 32.97 96.04 PM

04:00 52.31 53.22 36.25 33.25 35.12 93.05 PM

The results of ambient noise measurements had compared to the national permissible limits since both areas are mostly residential areas with small businesses and a little traffic the noise levels varied between 50.72 dB to 58.9 dB near Kafr Al dawar this is due to that the area contain small houses and low traffic flow with no large source of noise pollution consequently the noise levels measured reflected the above mentioned description.

Annex 2 Presents the methodology followed for the air and noise measurements

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4.1.12 Protectorates

As shown in the below figure, the route is not crosses by any of protectorates of Egypt.

Figure 4-11 Protectorates of Egypt versus the route of the pipeline Source: Natural Protectorates Map issued by EEAA

4.2 Social Baseline The Social Impact Assessment (SIA) study is carried out through a combination of desktop and field survey in order to fully describe the social baseline of the Project area. The main methodology for the SIA is semi-quantitative assessment to convey accurate and relevant information for the project areas. There has been substantial data gathering on socioeconomic conditions in the area. A number of visits to the project sites were conducted during June and July 2018. This section contains a description of the baseline socio-cultural characteristics of the social environment at the proposed project area. It will highlight the following: basic information about the project areas; administrative areas; demographic characteristics and human development profile; access to basic services; economic characteristics.

4.2.1 Project Area The Route of the pipeline extends for 70 km in the agricultural lands located in the Governorates of Alexandria and Beheira. The route of the pipeline starts from the north of Beheira Governorate in

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Edko City, and then extends after passing through Edko Lake at Kafr al-Dawar Markaz9 Beheira Governorate, to the Ameriya district south of Alexandria Governorate, which represents the end of the line (see Figure 4-12).

9 Markaz. In the administrative division of Egypt, the Markaz is the main city or village followed by a group of villages in agricultural areas (not urban), and often the most important city is a Markaz for a total of villages. The Markaz has more commercial markets than villages, and there may also be branches of government service institutions and agencies serving villages. Each Governorate of the Delta includes a number of Markaz, Cities and villages.

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Figure 4-12: Route of the pipeline passing through Alexandria and Beheira Governorates- project sites

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Figure 4-13: The path of the line near Edko city Figure 1-14: The path of the line in El Maadeya village

Figure 1-15: The proposed area of the valve Figure 1-15: El Kryoun Village Kafr El Dawar room (4) is located in El Amara Village Kafr El Markaz Dawar Markaz

Figure 4 16: Zawyet Abdel Qader Area – El Figure 4 17: The end of the pipeline in the Amriya District Western Desert gases Complex in the industrial area of El Amiriya

 Beheira Governorate

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Beheira Governorate is a costal governorate located in the northern part of the country in the Nile Delta at west of the Rosetta branch. It is located within the Alexandria Region, which encompasses Alexandria, Matrouh, and Beheira Governorates. Beheira Governorate enjoys an important strategically place, as it borders northwards with Mediterranean, southwards with Giza, eastwards with Rashid Branch and Daqahlia and westwards with Alexandria and Matrouh. It comprises four important highways, namely the Cairo-Alexandria desert road, the Cairo agricultural road, the international road and the circular road. (source: Beheira Governorate, Egypt Description by Information, 2014). Beheira Governorate is by far the largest Governorate as to area of agricultural lands which are estimated at 6819.078 km2 (including the Nubaria lands). It is famous for its diversified agricultural production, particularly onions, barely, beets, wheat, potatoes and fava beans according to State Information Service (SIS). The Governorates comes first as to fruits and vegetables production, and export of citrus, potatoes, tomatoes, artichoke, watermelon, string beans and pepper. Beheira has many investment opportunities, most important of which are land reclamation as the government has arable lands. In addition, there are opportunities for agricultural processing of diverse agricultural products as well as tourism investment, which could depend on monuments from different dynasties, sea shores, lakes, religious sites and mild weather. Beheira Governorate also contributes to the industrial activity in spinning and weaving industry, Keliem and carpets, cotton ginning, chemicals and dying. In addition, the governorate has 4 industrial zones in Netron Valley, Al-Bousili desert, New Nubaria and Edco. Beheira Governorate is also home to a number of the most important Coptic monasteries in Wadi El Natrun (Scetes). It also has Edco and Nabe El Hamraa lakes. Beheira Governorate covers an area of 9826 km², representing 0.9 % of Egypt's total area. The inhabited area is 7093.84 km2, representing 72.2% of the Governorate’s total area, according to Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS, 2017).

Figure 1-18: The administrative units and borders of Beheira Governorate Source: Beheira Governorate, EEAA, 2008

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Figure 1-19: Administrative Division of Edko Markaz Source: General Organization for Physical Planning, Beheira Governorate, 2017.

Figure 1-20: Administrative Division of Kafr El Dawar Markaz Source: General Organization for Physical Planning, Beheira Governorate, 2017.

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 Alexandria Governorate Alexandria Governorate is located on the north of the Mediterranean Sea coast. It is bordered by Behera Governorate in the east and south, Marsa Matruh in the west, in addition to Menoufiya Governorate in the south.. Alexandria is located in the north on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, bordered by the east and south of the province of the lake, to the west of Marsa Matruh province, and south of Menoufia It is the key seaport of Egypt. Alexandria gained its importance from its civilization reservoir across history. It is a metropolitan city where different cultures in the Mediterranean basin coexist. It has a unique geographical location and mild climate as well as different trade, industry and agriculture activities. Alexandria is also an industrial governorate where 40% of Egyptian industries are concentrated, especially chemicals, food, spinning and weaving as well as oil industries and fertilizers. Borg Al-Arab city was established to be an industrial, housing and agricultural city to absorb the current and future population increase. Alexandria's total area comes to 2300.00 km2, and is divided into one Markaz, one city, 7 districts, and 3 rural local units. The total population of the Governorate reaches 5.163.750 million persons recording a natural growth rate of 20.60 per thousand persons in 2017 (CAPMAS, 2017).

Figure 1-21: The administrative units and borders of Alexandria Governorate  Source: General Organization for Physical Planning, Alexandria Governorate, 2017.

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4.2.2 Administrative divisions Beheira Governorate Beheira Governorate encompassing 15 administrative Markez include 15 cities, 83 Rural Local Units, and 408 Affiliated Villages. Table 1-1: Administrative Division of study area in Beheira Governorate Administrative Division The study area Beheira Governorate Markez/ City Village Abo El Matameer, Rasheed, Abo Hommos, Shoubra kheit, Edco, Kafr El Dawar, El Delngat, Koum Edko Al Maadeya Hamada, El Rahmanyah, Wadi El Natroan, El Mahmoudya, Etay Al Baroud, Badr, Hoash Eissa, Qubanieh Abu Qir, Damanhour Kafr El Dawar El Amara Kom Asho Source: Information Center of Beheira Governorate, 2017.

The Markez of Kafr El Dawar is divided into 10 additional local village units to the city, and the Markez includes 38 villages and 82 Azab10. Regards Edko Markaz, it includes one city which is Edko city and three local units (Al Maadeya, Mansheyat Debono, 6th of October), and 74 Azab according to Edko Information Centre.

Alexandria Governorate Alexandria Governorate is administratively divided into 7 districts and 1 city, in addition to one new urban city, Burj Al Arab. The rural areas of the Governorate include 3 main rural local units, 5 sub- villages.

Table 1-2: Administrative Division of study areas in Alexandria Governorate Administrative Division The study areas Alexandria Governorate District Village Zawya Abdel Qader, Ameriya, Alagmi, Gharb, Sharq, El Montaza, Waset, El Ameriya Gomrok Mergham Source: Information Center of Alexandria Governorate, 2016. Al Ameriya District is divided into 6 Sheikh11 and 3 local units that are comprised of 7 villages.

10 Azab is a term used for a limited residential community in the middle or on the edge of the farmland. Azab is different from village in terms of size, shape and population. In terms of shape, it is usually unplanned and its size is as small as 20 houses, and its population usually is no more than 3,000 person. The term "Azab" is used in administrative division only in rural areas. 11 The term “Sheikh" is used in administrative division only in urban areas.

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4.2.3 Demographic characteristics 1. Total Population The pipeline is located in agricultural land belonging administratively to the following villages. The following table presents the Population of the main villages surrounding the pipeline route. The route will pass through cultivated areas with surrounding villages at Edko, Kafr El Dawar, and Al Ameriya areas. Table 1-3: Distribution of number of households according to gender at the level of villages in the study areas Population Number of Area Total Population Households Male Female

Beheira Governorate 1,544,181 3,181,812 2,989,801 6,171,613 Edko Markaz 53,102 111,101 103,758 214,859 Al Maadeya 7,945 16,853 15,638 32,491 Kafr El Dawar Markaz 168,747 363,765 335,454 699,219 Qubanieh Abu Qir, 10,159 21,448 20,132 41,850 El Amara 2,615 5,748 5,258 11,006 Kom Asho 4,068 9,264 8,414 17,678 Alexandria Governorate 1,331,371 2,654,824 2,508,926 5,163,750 Al Ameriya District 113,513 247,274 227,797 475,071 Zawya Abdel Qader, 22,301 48,900 42,586 91,486 Mergham 10,121 21,772 20,610 42,382 Source: CAPMAS, Census of population activities of the governorates, Arab Republic of Egypt, 2017

2. Growth rate The following table provides data on natural growth rates in the Governorates of Beheira and Alexandria. In addition, the percentage of each Governorate population out of the total population of the Arab Republic of Egypt is displayed. Table 1-4: Growth rate in project’s areas

Governorate Item Unit Beheira Alexandria The population to total % 6,5% 5,4% population nationwide Population natural growth Person 27.40 20.60 rate Average of family Person 4.25 3.83 members Birth rate Live Birth/ Thousand Persons 32.90 29.10 Mortality rate Dead Person/ Thousand Person 5.50 8,50

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Source: Beheira and Alexandria Governorate- Egypt Description by Information, 2014.

3. Poverty index According to Poverty Mapping developed by CAPMAS in 2013, the percentage of poor people in the project areas is limited, and the majority of households in the project areas are not below the poverty line. Table 1-5: Poverty index in Project Areas

Area Percentage of poor people Poverty gap Edko 21,2 4,2 Kafr El Dawar 24,3 4,6 Al Ameriya 32,1 7,4

Source: CAPMAS Poverty Mapping data 2013

4.2.4 Human development profile Educational and work status should be highlighted in order to determine the current socioeconomic conditions of the community people in the project area.

Education Table 1-6: The education in the project areas Project Area Education Beheira Alexandria Governorate Governorate The percentage of those having basic education (10 13.6466% 29.3010% years+) The percentage of those having basic education (10 11.6782% 25.4200% years+) among females The percentage of those having university education 7.5164% 26.3401% The percentage of those having university education 4.9313% 16.6001% among females Illiteracy rate 41.5436% 17,60% Illiteracy rate among females 51.8549% 33.10% Source: CAPMAS Poverty Mapping data 2013

Work status The following data illustrate the labor sector in Beheira and Alexandria Governorate

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Table 1-7: Work Status in the Project Areas Project area Governorate Education Beheira Alexandria Labor force 40.75% 76,23% Rate of unemployment 7.42 % 17,82% Unemployed males of total unemployed 52.47% 66,43% persons The increase in labor force 3.04% 11,30% Source: Beheira and Alexandria Governorate- Egypt Description by Information, 2014

Sources of Income As noted from the previous table, the villages are characterized by an increased poverty rates. Most of the population depends on farming either as land owners or as workers in farming of other farms. Agriculture is the only activity at this area. It is expected that there will be adverse impacts on the livelihood of the farmers in the area during construction. It was noted during the field work that each feddan requires about 4-6 workers in agriculture so in addition to loss of the crops, those workers will also lose their main source of livelihood. There are many industrial areas in Al Ameriya district Alexandria Governorates in the end of the pipeline, which are at a large distance from the route of the line. Hence, they will not be directly affected by construction work, and are likely to benefit in the future due to the availability of an energy source in the region.

4.2.5 Social Land Use of the route The pipeline route extends across agricultural areas located in Edko, Kafr El Dawar, and Al Ameriya areas. The route spans across diverse areas from the point of view of socio-economic analysis, these areas are described in the following section:  Coastal areas (Fish Farming areas - Edko lake): The areas located parallel to Edko lake is characterized by fish farming plots. The route passes the fish farming area along with the Edko lake parallel to the International Coastal Road.

Figure 1-22: The path of the pipeline near the Fish farming areas at Edko lake

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 Agricultural areas: the pipeline extends across agricultural areas located in Edko, Kafr El Dawar, and Al Ameriya. The main impacts here will be on the livelihood of farmers due to temporary land acquisition during construction of the pipeline. It was noted during the field work that several encroachments on agricultural lands occur, where structures have been erected in the route.

Figure 1-23: Cultivated areas in the route

4.2.6 Social Concerns  Fish Farming areas at Edko Lake: Findings from the field work have identified potential impacts for the line as it extends in the fish farming area close to Edko Lake. The impacts that were described by the local community indicate that there will be significant impacts on the livelihood of the fishermen.  The construction works requires to fully dry the fish farm area in order to conduct the excavation. This will require paying a compensation of the whole fish farm to the PAPs.  There are also several illegal encroachments such as extension of some fish farms in the area.

Figure 1-24: illegal extension of some fish farms in the area Edko- Al Maadeya

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 The compensation value will depend on the type of fish and age of fish as well.  Findings from the field visits show that fish farms are closed for cleaning two months in the year. The consultant recommends conducting the construction works during that time to limit the amounts of compensation and limit the adverse impacts on livelihood. Thus it is recommended to conduct the excavation at this area using the HDD technology.  Agricultural areas: The route extends in agricultural areas, where excavation works will have temporary significant adverse impacts on the livelihood of farmers. Findings from the field work show the following social concerns:  Land use varies across the route, including cultivated areas, surface waterways as well as main roads and internal roads.

Figure 1-25: surface waterways Figure 1-26: internal road

 Several encroachments on agricultural lands occur, where structures have been erected in the route. It must be noted that the urbanization trend will continue tremendously which will have an impact on the design of the route. It will be necessary at some areas to do some changes to the route to avoid existing buildings12.  The prevalent crops are (wheat – trefoil - beans), the actual compensation value will depend on the cropping season. The area is famous for Palm trees and fruits such as orange in Edko

12 No structures are expected to be demolished. GASCO will maneuver the line according to the agreement with land owners and no structures will be demolished. The RAP study details also the avoidance mechanisms conducted by GASCO to avoid demolishing any structures and also details the future procedure in case the land becomes urbanized. In this case GASCO purchases the land from the owner. By law, once the land is within urban boundaries, the owner of the land is allowed to use the land for construction purposes. In such cases and in order for GASCO to secure the land where the pipelines are and prevent any activities that may damage the pipelines, GASCO buys the land from the owners at replacement value in line with market prices. This is stipulated under Article 6 and 7 of the Decree number 292 Year 1998 on the executive regulations of Law 4 year 1988.

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and Kafr Al-Dawar. Some types of trees do not have a defined value at the agricultural cooperatives such as willow trees.  In some areas there is an encroachment on the Right of Way where it is used for cultivate crops and trees.

Figure 1-27: encroachments on agricultural Figure 1-28: utilization of the right of way in lands in the project area agriculture

Figure 1-29: Photo collection during conducting the field work

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5 Environmental and Social Impacts The environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) is a process used to identify and evaluate the significance of potential impacts on various environmental and social receptors as a result of planned activities during (construction and operation) phases of the Project. Furthermore, the analysis of environmental and social impacts is important to detail an effective management and monitoring plan, which will minimize negative impacts and maximize positives.

5.1 Impacts Significance Ranking

5.1.1 Ranking Methodology Rating matrix method was applied to identify the significance of the impacts presented above for both the construction and operation phases. Each impact will be given a rank for severity (S) and frequency of occurrence (F). Ranks are given on a scale from 1 to 5, as shown in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1 - Scale used in Severity and Frequency Ranking of Impacts 1 2 3 4 5 very low Low Medium High very high

An impact is considered significant if its severity is ranked 4 or higher, or if the product of the severity and frequency ratings is equal to 12 or higher. To determine the severity rank, four parameters are considered, as follows:

 Scale: How far can the impact spread? To exemplify, considerations can include the size of an area affected by land pollution impacts, number of people affected by health impacts, etc.  Possibility of reducing the impact: How difficult will it be to reverse or mitigate the impact? Considerations can include, for instance, availability of technology to change impact, level of complexity of available technology, capacity to apply the available technology, existence of constraints to change impact, etc.  Cost of changing the impact: How much will it cost to change the impact?, cost in relation to the means of change considered in the above parameter  Effect on public image: To what degree does the impact affect the public image of the enterprise (positively for positive impacts and negatively for negative impacts)?

As for the frequency rank, two parameters are considered:

a. Probability: What is the probability of occurrence of the impact? b. Duration: How long will the impact last?

Equation 1- Formula used to Determine Aspect Significance Ranking:

푆 = 퐴푉퐸푅퐴퐺퐸(푅푠푐푎푙푒, 푅푟푒푑푢푐푖푛푔 푝표푠푠푖푏푖푙푖푡푦, 푅푐표푠푡, 푅푖푚푎푔푒)

퐹 = 퐴푉퐸푅퐴퐺퐸(푅푝푟표푏푎푏푖푙푖푡푦 , 푅푑푢푟푎푡푖표푛)

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푅 = 푆 × 퐹 = 푠푖푔푛푖푓푖푐푎푛푡푖푓(푆 × 퐹) ≥ 12 OR 푆 ≥ 4

This analysis is conducted for both the construction and operation phases of the project. Detailed assessment table presented in table 1 in annex 3.

5.2 Positive Impacts

5.2.1 During The Construction Phase Provide direct job opportunities to skilled and semi-skilled laborers Based on similar projects implemented by GASCO, the project is expected to result in the creation of job opportunities, both directly and indirectly. The local community could theoretically provide a proportion of this temporary labour force dependent on skills needed and the strategies of the individual contractors in sourcing their workforce. In order to maximize employment opportunities in the local communities it is anticipated that training will be required for currently unskilled workers. On-the-job training will also supplement opportunities for the local workforce for both temporary construction roles also for long-term operations phase position, where these are available.

Create indirect opportunities Increased economic activity in project area through the following supply chain:  Implementation of works and provision of supplies related to construction, operation and closure of the site and ancillary facilities;  Provision of transportation, freight and storage services to the Project;  Drivers and mini-bus owners will benefit from the transportation of the workers;  Provision of food supplies, catering, and cleaning services;  Provision of building and auxiliary materials and accessories, engineering, installation and maintenance;  Provision of white goods, electronic appliances, communications and measurement equipment;  Security personnel;  Retail services;  Provision of fuel;  Workers and engineers may need accommodation facilities; and  National pipes and scaffold factories will be flourished.

5.2.2 During The Operation Phase Economic Impacts The expansion of the National Natural Gas Grid has several positive economic impacts:  Expanding the natural gas network will facilitate potential future connection of energy source to local industries which will indirectly create job opportunities; and  Variation of the energy mix in order to reduce the dependency on imported fuel.

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Energy use  This environmental aspect is considered a potential positive impact since the proposed project will support Egypt’s strategy by supplying the region with natural gas to industry and consumers by increasing the production of both (WDGC) and Amreya Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to contribute to the local market. In addition to supplying natural gas to the residential areas.  With expanding the production of natural gas this will lead to decrease and minimize the use of the Heavy fuel oil, Light fuel oil and Coal. 5.3 Negative Impacts

5.3.1 Potential Negative Impacts during Construction - Environmental Impacts Air Quality

Construction of the pipelines will include several activities such as excavation, land clearing, concrete foundations, transportation of construction material and equipment, burial of cables and pipes, etc. Machineries used during construction such, as excavator, generators, boring machine, etc are certified and maintained. Those activities in consequence are expected to emit air pollutants to the ambient air, however it will be conducted for a short periods. The following air pollutants are foreseeable for most of the construction activities:

 Particulate matter and suspended solids from excavation/backfilling operations  Possible dispersion from stockpiles of waste or sand used for filling trenches.  Exhaust from excavation equipment and heavy machinery (excavators, trenchers, loaders, trucks) containing SOx, NOx, CO, VOCs, etc.  Fugitive dust emissions ( PM10, PM2.5)  Traffic congestions resulting from road closure or slowing down of traffic due to excavation works. Dust

The impact of dust generation (particulate matter) will be limited to the working hours as excavation and backfilling are carried out within the same day.

Excavation on dusty or rocky roads such as local roads and some urban roads are likely to generate more dust compared to asphalted streets due to the dusty status of those roads.

Gaseous pollutants emissions

The increase in emissions stemming from the exhaust of machinery is unlikely to increase ambient levels beyond national and WB permissible levels.

On urban roads, traffic congestion may lead to increase exhaust of emissions. Traffic management with local authority will reduce the impact of works on road congestion and associated emissions. The emissions will be mostly limited to the construction phase and therefore are temporary.

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However, these emissions are expected to be in small amounts and temporary with minimal odor emissions are expected to occur during the construction phase from chemicals, oils and paints used during the construction phase. Following the implementation of the mitigation measures as mentioned in section 8, the significant of the air quality during construction phase will be low.

The impact level from dust emission is expected to be High

Aquatic Environment The aquatic environment can be impacted in case of improper disposal of construction wastes or debris in the waterways. In addition, the improper disposal of the wastewater resulting from the hydrostatic testing of the pipeline can cause changes in the characteristics if the waterways used for such disposal. However, based on previous field experience of GASCO, the construction waste and wastewater are collected and stored in adequate container or trucks and send off-site to the nearest disposal or water treatment plant. Overall, impacts are considered low as good working practices and site management practices are in place. The water resulting from the hydrostatic test of the pipeline collected in onsite tanks and then is transported directly to the nearest waste water treatment plant after coordinating with the wastewater company and MWRI in order to reduce the impacts on the aquatic environment. HDD technology will be applied on crossing the fishers therefore no environmental impacts are anticipated , and concerning the social impacts the fisheries will be treated by the same mechanism like the farmers.

The impact on aquatic environment is expected to be High without good practices or improper disposal.

Noise and Vibration Construction activities of the gas distribution network will likely increase noise levels due to excavation and heavy machinery but not exceeding the WB/IFC guidelines and Law 4/1994-9/2009-105/2015 standards for noise intensity. However, the activities will be temporary and for short time. In addition, nearby residents will be affected by the increased noise levels during the construction phase. Additionally, noise and vibration is expected to be higher in small secondary roads where open cut drilling and pavement is expected to be used. The construction activities are expected to be carried out throughout the daytime. Prior to construction activities, all machines are calibrated by third party and GASCO safety department measures and audits the machine during construction to ensure that the noise is within the allowable limits. Therefore, as long as good practice work is in place the significant of noise and vibration can be considered low. The construction activities are expected to be carried out throughout the day time, and the noise and vibration impacts are expected to be High.

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Ecology (Flora and Fauna) The Consultant has conducted baseline surveys in order to assess the presence and distribution of ecologically sensitive species and habitats. None of the species found on or near the pipeline route is rare or endangered. Nevertheless, care should be taken to keep any impact as low as reasonably possible. It is concluded that the construction activities will affect endangered fauna or flora species or disturb valuable habitats; therefore, impacts are considered insignificant. The impact is considered as insignificant.

Land use, landscape and visual Impact The construction activities; including the right of way activities, will affect the agricultural land during the construction period which is expected to continue over the period of one agricultural season, and then afterwards the land will be restored to its original state and leveled. In case that the pipeline will pass close to residential areas, care will be taken to not to negatively affect the areas of passage However, this impact is seasonal only and will be eliminated after the project construction ends; since the agricultural lands will be restored to their original state. The only land that will be permanently impacted is the land used for the valve rooms location. No impacts are anticipated after the pipeline is constructed (during operation). Although some restrictions are normally applied on the land uses of the RoW (2*2 m in urban areas and 6*2 meters) in rural areas from the center of the pipeline), those limitations do not apply on this project for the following reasons:  The route will pass across land which is only classified as agriculture land13 (no urban areas and no cities or villages) or vacant state owned land.  GASCO consult with the survey department before determining the route to ensure that the land of the route is not getting into urban boundaries in the near future.  There will be no restriction of use of the land of the route of this project since the PAPs can continue cultivating all the kind of crops and trees14 they are currently cultivating. The types of trees with deep roots (e.g. wood trees) which are restricted above the gas lines are not normally cultivated in this area.  In the future, if the land where the pipelines are installed gets into urban boundaries, GASCO purchases the land from the owner. By law, once the land is within urban boundaries, the owner of the land is allowed to use the land for construction purposes. In such cases and in order for GASCO to secure the land where the pipelines are and prevent any activities that may damage the pipelines, GASCO buys the land from the owners at replacement value in line with market prices. This is stipulated under Article 6 and 7 of the Decree number 292 Year 1998 on the executive regulations of Law 4 year 1988. The 2 articles deal with the cases where damages occur to the owner of the land as a result of the implementation of Law 4. GASCO deals with the cases where the land gets into urban boundaries after the pipeline is installed as damage for the owner who should benefit from full market value for his land. In

13 Construction on agriculture land is prohibited by law

14 It is normal for the trees cultivation to be made in rows with about 12 m distance left between the rows. The farmer will put into consideration the location of the pipeline and ensure it is in the middle of the 12m distance.

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such cases, the affected person approaches GASCO, inform about the case and a new contract is signed for purchasing the land. This kind of arrangement is clearly known to the farmers and GASCO (through its compensation committee) always share this information during the early awareness raising and information sessions. The impact level is considered to be High but for a limited period

Soils, Geology and Hydrogeology The excavation activities will result in disturbance of the soil and geological characteristics. This will be more pronounced in the trench’s area (around 1 meter depth) where excavation, pipeline laying, and soil compaction as a result of heavy equipment take place. Soil disturbance at higher depths will also take place in case of applying auger boring or HDD technologies in main crossings. In addition, potential soil contamination may take place as a result of spillage or leaks of oils. The impact on the soil characteristics of the agricultural land is Low since it affects low depth.

Traffic An increased number of trucks and heavy equipment will be necessary to transport the construction materials and equipment to the project site during the construction phase. In addition, the construction activities may lead to rerouting the small secondary/internal roads, which the pipeline route passes under it for 1-2 days, when either boring or open cut excavation methods are used. This will lead to reduction in the average speed of the vehicles on the road and the number of operating lanes, and may affect the areas devoted for parking. This may also increase the probability of having car accidents. While the traffic rerouting will only be for a limited number of days during the boring or open cut excavation work and the impact is expected to be medium. Traffic and access limitation effects are Medium.

Archaeological, Historic and Cultural Heritage There are no archaeological concerns that encounter the pipeline route, however, if any archeological sites are discovered during the construction activities, the proper actions will be taken to report the site and construction will be stopped. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be Insignificant.

Natural Disaster Risk Earthquake and floods may disturb the construction activities. This has the potential to negatively impact the time schedule of the construction activities and may cause injuries or fatalities to the workers. However as natural disasters are not considered common in the project area, therefore the impact is expected to be Medium.

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However as natural disasters are not considered common in the project area, therefore the impact is expected to be short-termed, however of Medium impact.

Major Accidents and Hazards The construction activities may include leaks of the oil equipment and machinery which may affect the land in the project site. Most of the maintenance activities will be carried off site in areas specialized in such activities, the effect of this impact is expected to be Medium and for a short-term. The impact is expected to be Medium.

Solid Waste Management Solid waste will comprise domestic waste, construction waste and some hazardous wastes from the project activities. The waste is expected to include the following waste streams: Hazardous wastes:  Welding belts  Used oil waste  Asphalt  Miscellaneous containers, paint cans, solvent containers, aerosol cans, adhesive, and lubricant containers

Non-hazardous wastes:  Soil (excavated or surplus)  Packaging materials  Damaged products (pipes, etc.);  Packing timber;  Geotextiles;  Paving materials;  Electrical cable off-cuts;  Concrete; and  Domestic Wastes (From the labor use on-site)

Based on GASCO field experience, a proper waste collection and storage is implemented. Waste are collected by licensed contractors. Moreover, Hazardous wastes are sent to Nasreya landfill. The impact if improper solid waste handling is high but on applying the proper mitigation and monitoring, the impact will be Low.

The impact of improper solid waste handling is expected to be High but with proper management it will be Low.

Community health and safety The excavation works within the project areas will affect the community health and safety:

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 Waste accumulation. Accumulation of waste in the construction areas might become a hub for insects and unfavorable smells which will negatively affect the surrounding communities. This is one of the potential unfavorable impacts. However, according to solid waste management stated in the previous section, this impact is considered to be low.  Project infrastructure excavation works will result in the presence of open trenches in areas accessible to local community (e.g., in front of building and shops.) The presence of open trenches can pose risks of accidental falls and injuries. But trenches are expected to be open during the work day, with no trenches being left open after working hours. Additionally, awareness-raising sessions is provided to workers and community members to promote safety and health while safety supervisors are hired to oversee excavation sites. These supervisors are chosen from among community members by NGOs and is largely responsible for children and their safety around the construction site. Concerning workers, they should be trained on the occupational health and safety measures and they should be strictly monitored. This impact is consider to be High but assuming that the H&S management system is with clear guidance and training and supervision of all workers and contractors, these occupational health and safety impacts can be considered low. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be High

Occupational Health and Safety General risks associated with construction sites and anticipated include slips and falls; moving Lorries and machinery; exposure to chemicals and other hazardous materials; exposure to electric shock and burns; exposure to high noise intensity levels. Noise The noise intensity level resulting from jackhammers surpasses permissible level of 90 dB (A) for work place with up to 8 hour shifts. But as the mitigation measures will be implemented as state in section 8, the significant of this impact is considered to be medium. Vibrations The use of jackhammers will results in the generation of hand-arm vibrations; the typical vibration value is of 9 m/s2, which exceeds the ACGIH Threshold limit value of 5 m/s2 (8 hour equivalent total value), but is below the exposure limit of 12 m/s2 for a total daily duration of less than an hour. Typical drilling activities for excavation works are intermittent. However, the workers are provided with PPE so impact is medium. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be High .

Existing Infrastructure Prior to excavation GASCO performs exploratory drills to investigate the presence of underground utilities (sewerage pipe, sanitary pipeline that may have been installed without accurate documentation

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Land Acquisition Permanent acquisition of land (willing buyer – willing seller approach): for the establishment of the valve rooms. In such cases, the common rule of GASCO is to provide full replacement cost for purchasing the land as per the market price under satisfactory, agreeable and appropriate agreement. It might be roughly suggested that each of the land plots (25m x 45 m) for each of the valve rooms. GASCO follows the principles of the willing buyer - willing seller by defining alternatives and always giving the opportunity to the land owner to refuse to sell his/her land. In case the land owners are not willing to sell their land, GASCO design team reroutes the line to pass through areas where land owners are willing to sell. Based on field experience, the farmers were usually willing to sell their land to GASCO. GASCO usually purchases the land at a value that is equivalent to or above the market value. This ends with a value that is equivalent to the replacement value (here is equivalent to the market value in addition to any taxes or other fees associated with purchase/registration/title transfer of comparable replacement land)15. The RAP team was informed that even though the land is agriculture land, GASCO offers to buy it at a price equivalent to housing areas price which is significantly higher than the regular market price for agricultural land. Temporary acquisition of land: Farming, in most of the cases, is the sole source of income for the affected farmers. However, GASCO pay the full replacement cost of the crops. The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), guided by the WB Resettlement Policy OP 4.12, involves a full inventory survey for the PAPs and valuation for the compensation that should be paid. On drying of the fish farms ,for small fisherman this represents the sole income in many cases. A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) was prepared guided by the WB Resettlement Policy OP 4.12. The RAP involves a full inventory survey for the PAPs and a valuation for the compensation that should be paid. Although the RAP has been prepared and the impact on land acquisition is mostly temporary, localized but with high severity, it is considered to the farmers whose livelihood depends on farming as a major inconvenience. The effect of this impact is expected to be High

Temporary storing of equipment and construction material and workers camps Temporary occupation of land will be required for the workers camps and storing of equipment and materials. Most of the time, the selected plot will be in a public area (road for example) where there is

15 In determining the market price, the compensation committee of GASCO resort to recent land selling transactions that took place in the area for similar plots of land. The committee also has valuation experts and, in many cases, resort to local key informants from the area.

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ESIA study for Raven Pipeline enough space. However, in case temporary use of land may result in the alteration of previous use or agricultural production, the loss for the previous user should be fully and fairly compensated during the period of occupation by the project (full rent price will be paid to the owner). The impact level is considered Medium

Temporary Labor Influx The number of workers varies according to the size of the work in each area; Given the size of population in project sites and the availability of most of services, the limited number of workers (100 worker) will not result in any significant impact on the community resource. The implementing companies will rely on unskilled labor whom are often from areas adjacent to the project areas. As such, labors are not permanently resident during the project duration, which minimize their presence in the project areas, as well as their limitation to the working hours only. Consequently, it will lead to the absence of potential impacts for high prices or rental values of homes in the project areas. Moreover, there are no potential effects of temporary labor influx on the culture of the society in the project areas. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be Insignificant.

Risk pertaining to child labor The child labor is a common practice in Egypt at large scale. Children below 18 are favorable labor as they receive low salaries and they are less demanding. This risk should be carefully handled in the ESMP and restrict obligations and monitoring should be applied in the contractor obligations. Moreover, since GASCO is governmental company it is prohibit to employ child by GASCO or the subcontractor according to Egyptian Labor law. More details is stated in section 8 The impact level of this aspect is considered to be Medium

Street condition deterioration following pipeline network installation is covered (رد الشئ إلصله) Streets rehabilitation or restoration by and Egyptian legal/institutional expression that signifies the responsibility to “restore to original condition”. In the context of the project, it applies to the responsibility of the implementing company to provide the necessary resources to re-pave roads and streets to the original state after natural gas excavation and installation works. The current arrangement is that the implementing entity performs the backfilling of the excavated trenches and agrees a restoration fee with the local government unit (district) to cover the balance of the restoration and pavement cost. The local unit uses the fee to include the restoration and re-pavement of the streets in its “pavements plan”. Moreover, applying HDD in main intersects with the pipeline route doesn’t cause interruption or damage to streets or roads. The impact level is considered Medium

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5.3.2 Potential Negative Impacts during Operation

Air Quality No gaseous emissions are expected to occur during the operation phase except for the potential natural gas leak or in case of accidents and during maintenance activities. Additionally, no dust or odor emissions are expected to occur during the operation phase of the project. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be insignificant.

Aquatic Environment The project operation will not have any effect on the aquatic environment. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be insignificant.

Noise and vibration Minimal noise will be generated from the operation of the valve rooms. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be low.

Ecology (Flora and Fauna) The project operation will not affect the flora and fauna since the pipeline is laid underground with minimal maintenance activities. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be insignificant. Land use, Landscape and Visual Impact Since the pipeline is laid underground, the land in which the pipeline passes through will regain its usage and no visual impacts will occur. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be insignificant.

Soil, Geology and Hydrogeology The operation of the pipeline will not affect the soil, geology or hydrology of the land. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be insignificant.

Traffic The operation of the pipeline does not include any trucks’ movement or materials’ transportation. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be insignificant. Natural Disaster Risk Natural disasters such as earthquakes may lead to pipeline breakage. Fire or explosion may take place in the affected areas which may lead to severe injuries or death to the nearby human beings. This may

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Major Accidents and Emergencies Accidents and emergencies such as release of significant amounts of natural gas due to any failure in the pipeline, maintenance activities or as a result of accidents may take place during the operation of the proposed project. This may also take place as a result of sabotage or trespass. As previous mentioned in section 3.5.3, GASCO is applying and following Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) which is a highly sophisticated integrated system used to control the national natural gas pipeline network. The SCADA system performs remote controlling of the valve rooms to adjust the operating pressure and early detection of any change of pressure in pipeline to prevent the leakage of natural gas.

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be High

Solid and Hazardous Waste Management The pipeline operation will not dispose any type of solid waste and the project will not have a negative impact in that regards. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be insignificant.

Public Health The release of significant natural gas amounts cannot cause adverse impacts on the public health and the project activity will not have a negative impact in that regards. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be insignificant.

Occupational Health and Safety The pipeline operation will not affect the occupational health and safety as there will be a small number of workers during the inspection and maintenance activities and the project activity will not have a negative impact in that regards. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be insignificant. Existing Infrastructure The project operation will not affect the existing infrastructure and no significant impact concerning the existing infrastructure. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be insignificant.

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Community health and safety In addition to a full array of safety and emergency precautions taken by GASCO and the implementing entities, user safety is prioritized by stating emergency precautions on the land use over the pipeline and by setting up emergency response centers. The impact level of this aspect is considered to be High in case of improper dealing with accidents

5.3.3 Affected parties The affected parties or people affected by the project should be discussed in order to try to minimize any hardships they face due to project implementation.  It is foreseen that the affected parties will be mainly among farmers who will either be losing their income due to the temporarily expropriation of crop land or permanently due to selling it to GASCO for the valve rooms.  Moreover, there is the risk of work accidents and injuries to the construction workers during the construction phase. However, the probability of this risk is very low, since GASCO is very strict about the health and safety measures and they have their Health and Safety Environment (HSE) guidelines which they follow strictly.

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5.4 Summary of the Expected Environmental and Social Impacts Table 5-2 Summary of the expected environmental and social impacts during the construction and operation phases of the project After Receptor Description of impact Significance Mitigation Construction Positive Impacts  Provide direct job opportunities to skilled and semi-skilled laborers The local community could theoretically provide a proportion of this temporary labour force dependent on skills needed and the strategies of the individual contractors in sourcing their workforce.  Create indirect opportunities Increased economic activity in project area through the following:  Implementation of works and provision of supplies related to construction, operation and closure of the site and ancillary facilities;  Provision of transportation, freight and storage services to the Project; Job opportunities Positive  Drivers and mini-bus owners will benefit from the transportation of the workers;  Provision of food supplies, catering, and cleaning services;  Provision of building and auxiliary materials and accessories, engineering, installation and maintenance;  Provision of white goods, electronic appliances, communications and measurement equipment;  Security personnel;  Retail services;  Provision of fuel;  Workers and engineers may need accommodation facilities; and  National pipes and scaffold factories will be flourished. Negative Impacts The following air pollutants are foreseeable for most of the construction activities:  Particulate matter and suspended solids from excavation/backfilling operations  Possible dispersion from stockpiles of waste or sand used for filling trenches. Air Emissions  Exhaust from excavation equipment and heavy machinery (excavators, trenchers, loaders, trucks) High Low containing SOx, NOx, CO, VOCs, etc.  Traffic congestions resulting from road closure or slowing down of traffic due to excavation works.  Fugitive dust emissions ( PM10, PM2.5)  Gaseous pollutants emissions.

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After Receptor Description of impact Significance Mitigation Following the implementation of the mitigation measures as mentioned in section 8, the significant of the air quality during construction phase will be low.

Improperly disposed construction wastes or debris in a waterway, there will be adverse impact on the aquatic environment there. However, based on previous field experience of GASCO, the construction waste and Aquatic Environment wastewater are collected and stored in adequate container or trucks and send off-site to the nearest disposal High Low or water treatment plant. Overall, impacts are considered low as good working practices and site management practices are in place.

Construction activities of the gas distribution network will likely increase noise levels due to excavation and heavy machinery but not exceeding the WB/IFC guidelines and Law 4/1994-9/2009-105/2015 standards for noise intensity. However, the activities will be temporary and for short time. Prior to construction activities, Noise and Vibration High Medium all machines are calibrated by third party and GASCO safety department measures and audits the machine during construction to ensure that the noise is within the allowable limits. Therefore, as long as good practice work is in place the significant of noise and vibration can be considered low.

The Consultant has conducted baseline surveys in order to assess the presence and distribution of ecologically sensitive species and habitats. None of the species found on or near the pipeline route is rare or endangered. No Ecology (Flora and Fauna) Nevertheless, care should be taken to keep any impact as low as reasonably possible. It is concluded that the Insignificant mitigation construction activities will affect endangered fauna or flora species or disturb valuable habitats; therefore, impacts are considered insignificant.

The right of way activities, will affect the agricultural land during the construction period which is expected to Land use, landscape and continue over the period of one agricultural season, and then afterwards the land will be restored to its original High Medium visual Impact state and leveled.

The excavation activities will result in disturbance of the soil and geological characteristics around 1 meter Soils, Geology and depth and on applying auger boring or HDD technologies in main crossings. In addition, potential soil Low Low Hydrogeology contamination may take place as a result of spillage or leaks of oils.

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After Receptor Description of impact Significance Mitigation An increased number of trucks and heavy equipment will be necessary to transport the construction materials and equipment to the project site during the construction phase. In addition, the construction activities may Traffic Medium Low lead to rerouting the small secondary/internal roads, which the pipeline route passes under it for 1-2 days, when either boring or open cut excavation methods are used.

There are no archaeological concerns that encounter the pipeline route, however, if any archeological sites are Archaeological, Historic and No discovered during the construction activities, the proper actions will be taken to report the site and Insignificant Cultural Heritage mitigation construction will be stopped.

Natural Disaster Risk The natural disasters are not considered common in the project area. Medium Medium

The construction activities may include leaks of the oil equipment and machinery, which may affect the land Major Accidents and in the project site. Most of the maintenance activities will be carried off site in areas specialized in such activities Medium Medium Hazards and for a short-term

Solid waste will comprise domestic waste, construction waste and some hazardous wastes from the project activities. Based on GASCO field experience, a proper waste collection and storage is implemented. Waste are Solid Waste Management High Medium collected by licensed contractors. Moreover, Hazardous wastes are sent to Nasreya landfill. With proper and controlled management this impact is considered low

o Accumulation of waste in the construction areas might become a hub for insects and unfavorable smells, which will negatively affect the surrounding communities. This is one of the potential unfavorable impacts. o Project infrastructure excavation works will result in the presence of open trenches in areas accessible to local community. But trenches are expected to be open during the work day, with no trenches being left open after working hours. o Additionally, awareness-raising sessions is provided to workers and community members to promote Community health and safety High Medium safety and health while safety supervisors are hired to oversee excavation sites. These supervisors are chosen from among community members by NGOs and is largely responsible for children and their safety around the construction site, In the case of the excavation works near a school. Concerning workers, they should be trained on the occupational health and safety measures and they should be strictly monitored, this is the contractor's responsibility. o Assuming that the H&S management system is with clear guidance and training and supervision of all workers and contractors, these occupational health and safety impacts can be considered low.

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After Receptor Description of impact Significance Mitigation o Noise and vibration The noise intensity level resulting from jackhammers surpasses permissible level of 90 dB (A) for work place Occupational Health and with up to 8 hour shifts. But as the mitigation measures will be implemented as state in section 8, the significant High Medium Safety of this impact is considered to be medium.

Existing Infrastructure The construction activities may lead to breaking any of the underground infrastructure (water, sewerage or telecommunication). Prior to excavation GASCO performs exploratory drills to investigate the presence of underground utilities (sewerage pipe, sanitary pipeline that may have been installed without accurate Medium Low documentation and maps for its routes and depths. Therefore, the risk of damage to such utilities during excavations for natural gas pipeline installation is possible but minimal.

Land Acquisition o Permanent acquisition (Willing buyer – willing seller approach) For the establishment of the valve rooms in agricultural lands.. o Temporary acquisition High Temporary acquisition of land and the subsequent impact of damaging crops. However, GASCO pay the full replacement cost of the crops. The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), guided by the WB Resettlement Policy OP 4.12, involves a full inventory survey for the PAPs and valuation for the compensation that should be Medium paid. accordingly , this impact is low o Temporary storing of equipment and construction material and workers camps Temporary occupation of land will be required for the worker’s camps and storing of equipment and materials. However, in case temporary use of land may result in the alteration of previous use or agricultural production, the loss for the previous user should be fully and fairly compensated during the period of occupation by the project (full rent price will be paid to the owner). Temporary Labor Influx Having workers in small cities might result in unfavorable impact on the available resources, e.g. pressure on accommodation, food, health care and medication and potable source of water. Given the size of population in project sites and the availability of most of services, the limited number of workers (100 worker) will not No Insignificant result in any significant impact on the community resources. mitigation The numbers of workers hired locally is determined instantly by the contractor according to its needs of employees, and will be work camps The child labor is a common practice in Egypt at large scale. Children below 18 are favorable labor as they receive low salaries and they are less demanding. This risk should be carefully handled in the ESMP and Risk pertaining to child labor restrict obligations and monitoring should be applied in the contractor obligations. Moreover, since GASCO Medium Low is governmental company it is prohibit to employ child by GASCO or the subcontractor according to Egyptian Labor law. More details is stated in section 8

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After Receptor Description of impact Significance Mitigation following pipeline network installation: is covered by and (رد الشئ إلصله) Streets rehabilitation or restoration Street condition deterioration Medium Low Egyptian legal/institutional expression that signifies the responsibility to “restore to original condition”.

Operation

Positive Impacts

o Expanding the natural gas network will facilitate potential future connection of energy source to local Economic Impacts industries which will indirectly create job opportunities; and Positive o Variation of the energy mix in order to reduce the dependency on imported fuel.

- This environmental aspect is considered a potential positive impact since the proposed project will support Egypt’s strategy by supplying the region with natural gas to industry and consumers by Energy use increasing the production of both (WDGC) and Amreya Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to Positive contribute to the local market. In addition to supplying natural gas to the residential areas. - With expanding the production of natural gas this will lead to decrease and minimize the use of the Heavy fuel oil, Light fuel oil and Coal. Negative Impacts

No Air Quality Insignificant No gaseous emissions are expected to occur during the operation phase mitigation

No Aquatic Environment Insignificant The project operation will not have any effect on the aquatic environment. mitigation

No Noise and vibration Low Minimal noise will be generated from the operation of the valve rooms. mitigation

Ecology (Flora and Fauna) The project operation will not affect the flora and fauna Insignificant

Land use, Landscape and Since the pipeline is laid underground, the land in which the pipeline passes through will regain its Insignificant Visual Impact usage and no visual impacts will occur.

Soil, Geology and No Insignificant Hydrogeology The operation of the pipeline will not affect the soil, geology or hydrology of the land. mitigation

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After Receptor Description of impact Significance Mitigation Traffic The operation of the pipeline does not include any trucks’ movement or materials’ transportation. Insignificant

Natural disasters such as earthquakes may lead to pipeline breakage. Fire or explosion may take place in the No Natural Disaster Risk Medium affected areas which may lead to severe injuries or death to the nearby human beings. This may also lead to mitigation the temporary cut-off of natural gas supply to the nearby area. Release of significant amounts of natural gas due to any failure in the pipeline, maintenance activities or as a result of accidents may take place during the operation of the proposed project. This may also take place as a Major Accidents and result of sabotage or trespass. As previous mentioned in section 3.5.3, GASCO is applying and following High Medium Emergencies Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) which is a highly sophisticated integrated system used to control the national natural gas pipeline network. The SCADA system performs remote controlling of the valve rooms to adjust the operating pressure and early detection of any change of pressure in pipeline to prevent the leakage of natural gas. Solid and Hazardous Waste No The pipeline operation will not dispose any type of solid waste and the project will not have a negative impact Insignificant Management in that regards. mitigation No Public Health The release of significant natural gas amounts cannot cause adverse impacts on the public health and the Insignificant project activity will not have a negative impact in that regards. mitigation

Occupational Health and The pipeline operation will not affect the occupational health and safety as there will be a small number of No Insignificant Safety workers during the inspection and maintenance activities and the project activity will not have a negative mitigation impact in that regards. No Existing Infrastructure The project operation will not affect the existing infrastructure and no significant impact concerning the Insignificant existing infrastructure. mitigation

Community health and In addition to a full array of safety and emergency precautions taken by GASCO and the implementing entities, High Medium safety user safety is prioritized by stating emergency precautions on the land use over the pipeline and by setting up emergency response centers.

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6 Alternatives This chapter discusses the different possible alternatives in four main topics: alternative construction methods and technologies (especially in crossing roads, railways and waterways), alternative route options, alternative energy sources other than natural gas, in addition to the “No action” alternative.

6.1 The “No Action” Alternative The main target of the proposed project is to increase the natural gas supply to WDGC and Amreya LPG plant in order to increase the production rate of these plants and also to meet the growing national demand. In case of having “No Action”, this will affect the petrochemical industry in Egypt as Raven gas will be transferred through WDGC and Amreya LPG to a set of petrochemical materials which are :- 1- Mixture of ethane and propane. 2- propane for export, 3- LPG Accordingly, in case there is no gas from RAVEN, the production of all the previous products can't be increased Hence, the “No Action” alternative is not accepted.

6.2 Pipeline Installation Technology Alternatives To install a natural gas pipeline beneath the ground level, this can either be done by digging a trench or using trenchless technologies. Trenchless technologies can be further classified as guided methods and non-guided methods. In this analysis, the most famous technology in each category will be considered; namely, horizontal directional drilling representing the guided trenchless technology, auger boring representing the non-guided trenchless technology, and the open-cut representing the trench technology.

6.2.1 Trenchless Technologies 3.3.9 presents the description of HDD and auger boring technologies. HDD has some advantages compared to auger boring and open-cut technique as follows:

 Compared to the open-cut technology, it doesn’t cause interruption to traffic flow.  Compared to the open-cut technology, it causes less disturbance to the surface and sub- surface soil layers.  Compared to the auger boring technology, it can be used for larger distances and wider range of pipeline diameters.  Compared to the auger boring technology, it is a surface-launched process which doesn’t require drive pits.  Compared to the auger boring technology, it is a guided method, and accordingly can achieve high accuracy for the pipeline path.  Can be employed for high depths, and accordingly can avoid any breakage accidents to the existing infrastructure lines/cables.

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On the other hand, HDD suffers from some disadvantages including:

 Like any other trenchless technology, and according to the geologic condition, soil collapse may take place during the installation.  In case of having existing infrastructure lines/cables, there will be less flexibility in choosing the pipeline depth, the fact which may necessitate drilling through soil layers which may be of insufficient strength to withstand the slurry’s pressure.  Not favorable with soils containing gravels and cobbles.

6.2.2 Open-Cut Method This is the traditional method for pipeline installation. It is very simple technology which just depends on excavating the soil, laying the pipeline, and backfilling. However, it is technically not possible to be used in crossings with major waterways. It can be used in crossings with major roads and railways; however, this will cause huge interruption to traffic as this will necessitate either re- routing or reducing the number of lanes. This will lead to reduction in the average speed of the vehicles on the road, and may affect the areas devoted for parking. This may also increase the probability of having car accidents, in addition to negative socio-economic impacts as a result of interrupting the flow of people and goods. Open-cut method may be the only possible solution in case of having long pipeline distances such as in agricultural lands or desert areas.

In conclusion, for desert and agricultural areas located on the pipeline route, open-cut method is recommended to be used since this will not negatively affect the environment, and it will be a cheap and safe option. On the other hand, for main road crossings and the Nile River crossing, HDD is more recommended.

6.3 Routing Alternatives From the environmental and social point of view, the best pipeline route is the one which minimizes the change in the land use, the interruption of the ecological nature, the intersection with residential areas and areas with special nature such as religious buildings and historical areas. This point of view intersects with GASCO’s strategy which aims to choose a route away from the residential areas, and in locations already containing other infrastructure pipelines/cables to minimize disturbance in new areas. GASCO has an unwritten strategy that avoids passing through any construction buildings including: houses, religious buildings and historical areas.

The preferred route was selected on parameters like:

• Study Area Identification: Identifying major features in the study area like main roadways, residential and commercial areas to help identify constraints during the selection of the routes • Mapping the resources: Existing linear corridors include major streets, waterways, railroads, and utility lines. Existing linear corridors are considered opportunity areas for pipeline routing because they have already been developed and therefore are generally considered a compatible land use. In addition, these linear corridors generally provide existing access for construction and maintenance requirements.

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In addition, the choice of the pipeline route put into consideration some technical aspects set by GASCO including the following: • far from residential areas as much as possible; • crossing roads in appropriate areas; • Avoid pipe passage from congested areas; • Accessibility of the construction area and facilitating the implementing of the construction work; • Proximity to the existing gas network as much as possible; • Avoid route crossing by any of cultural heritage areas, graveyards and prayers houses; • Routes run parallel to existing utility lines (such as power lines)

Based on these criteria, the line route for the proposed project was chosen. The point of intersection with waterways is chosen in coordination with the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation. Around the Nile, there are residential areas in separate locations, the fact that made it a bit difficult to choose alternative pipeline routes. The chosen pipeline route achieves the environmental and social targets, and at the same time aligns with GASCO’s strategy, which aims at choosing routes already containing existing infrastructure (paved roads), and minimizing intersection with residential areas.

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7 Mitigation Measures 7.1 Measures for Impacts during Construction Phase

7.1.1 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Dust Emissions During the construction phase, dust emissions are expected from on-site activities (preparation, excavation, etc.), in addition to the various construction equipment and vehicles that will be used on site. An assigned supervisor will ensure the implementation of good site construction practices as follows:

1. Controlled wetting and compaction of excavation/backfilling surrounding area; 2. Excavated soil stockpiles and stored sand should be located in sheltered areas. Stored fine sand should be covered with appropriate covering material16, such as polyethylene or textile sheets to avoid soil dispersion; 3. Appropriate sitting and covering of stockpiles of friable materials with adequate cover in addition to regular water spraying so as to minimize dust blow; 4. Minimizing drop heights for material transfer activities such as unloading of friable materials; 5. Transportation of excavation/construction waste should be through licensed and sufficiently equipped vehicles with a suitable special box or provided with a cover to prevent loose particles of waste and debris from escaping into the air or dropping on the road; and 6. Sheeting of Lorries transporting friable construction materials.

7.1.2 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Gaseous Emissions  Maintaining and operating construction equipment and vehicles properly during the construction phase and ensure the compliance of the exhaust emissions from diesel engines with the limits of the environmental law;  Ensuring that vehicles and equipment will not be left running unnecessarily to reduce gaseous and exhaust emissions from diesel engines;  Using paved routes to access the site wherever possible;  Appropriate maintenance, engine tuning and servicing of construction equipment to minimize exhaust emissions; and  Minimize unnecessary journeys and switching off machinery and equipment when not in use.

7.1.3 Mitigation Measures for the Impacts of Water bodies/Wastewater generation  In case groundwater occurs in the construction site, all the necessary permits from the local sewage or irrigation authority for dewatering should be obtained and the drainage of dewatering water should be pre-planned

16 Sufficient sheets should accompany work groups during the construction phase.

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 If the groundwater is contaminated or contains hydrocarbons that could be observed or smelled, it should be collected in separate barrels and transported to a specialized wastewater treatment facility  All liquid waste generated such as chemicals and sewage should be collected in suitable tanks to prevent their drainage over land.  The water resulting from the hydrostatic test of the pipeline is collected in onsite tanks and then is transported directly to the nearest waste water treatment plant after coordinating with the wastewater company and MWRI in order to reduce the impacts on the aquatic environment.

7.1.4 Noise Construction activities will cause increase in the ambient noise levels resulting from the vehicles and machines used for excavation and construction purposes. However, this impact is temporary and will be diminished by the end of the construction phase. The following mitigation measures will applied to reduce the noise impact during the construction phase:

 Noise exposure periods should be minimized for workers so as not to exceed the safe limits mentioned in the environmental laws in addition to the occupational health and safety standards. .  Workers operating in areas or activities of high noise level intensities should be supplied with earmuffs  Contractors should train all the workers before the commencement of construction activities about this hazard and how to avoid it.  If the construction is done in a populated area, construction activities must be minimized during night so as not to disturb the surroundings  Avoid construction activities during peak hours of heavy traffic whenever possible; especially when the project site is in proximity of a sensitive receptor.  Restrictions on lorry movements to prevent noise nuisance in the early morning/late evening  All machine and vehicles should be shut-off when not used.

7.1.5 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Construction waste generation (Hazardous and nonhazardous Waste)  The construction waste generated has to be disposed in safe locations assigned by the contractor and the local authorities before starting the construction phase. The contractor will coordinate with the local authorities before the commencement of construction activities the exact landfill to be used.  A temporary storage location near the pipeline in the construction process has to be assigned. These storage areas should be far away from the traffic congested areas and the stockpiling isn’t allowed on drainages of waterways.  Waste collection should occur daily and it should be transported to the approved and safe disposal locations via adequately equipped trucks. The supervisor has to make sure that this process occurs without any hazards or problems.

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 Excavated soil will be reused in the backfilling of the pipeline. The excess excavated soil volumes will be sent to the construction wastes landfill.  The existing solid waste management procedures of GASCO will be adopted. The existing management system includes sections on waste reduction, material reuse and recycling, waste segregation with the objective of minimizing the quantity of waste that requires offsite disposal.  The contractor will obtain official permits from the local authorities for the disposal of wastes (construction wastes landfills, hazardous wastes landfills,…etc) prior to the commencement of construction activities.  Wastes will be segregated and safely temporarily stored in the allocated areas for waste storage on the premises of the construction site in a way that doesn’t cause further traffic disruption.  Wastes will be covered to avoid the pollution of the ambient air by dust dispersion.  Adequate trucks will be used for wastes transportation and the trucks will not be overloaded with wastes volumes.  Consignments for waste disposal will be recorded.  It is prohibited to stockpile or store wastes on the drainages of waterways.

Non-Hazardous Waste Generation

 The non-hazardous wastes (paper, garbage, wood, plastics,…) will be segregated and transported to the local disposal sites by the mean of the approved contractor  The non-hazardous wastes will be transported off-site for recycling or final disposal by a licensed contractor and GASCO will supervise the disposal procedure and the conditions of the trucks.

Hazardous Waste Generation

 The asphalt waste resulting at the end of the construction phase will be disposed with the construction waste, since asphalt recycling is not a common practice in Egypt.  Activities that involve fueling, lubricating or adding chemicals will not take place on- site unless it is necessary to avoid soil pollution and generation of additional hazardous wastes. If such actions will necessarily take place on-site, they will be conducted over impervious surfaces and a spill kit will be made available on-site.  Containers of used chemicals and oil will be collected and disposed in an approved hazardous wastes facility in coordination with the local authorities.  The hazardous liquid waste will be collected in specific drums and transferred to authorized petroleum companies (Misr Petroleum & Petrotrade companies) to be recycled ( refer to annex 7 Waste management procedures)  Hazardous waste will be transported by an authorized company for disposal in Al Nasreya landfill.  According to Article 33 of Law 4/1994, the contractor is required to keep up records and manifests in a register for the methods of waste disposal and the agencies contracted to receive such wastes.

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7.1.6 Mitigation Measures for the Ecological (Fauna and Flora) Impacts  Vegetation clearance should be limited as much as possible  The establishment of 20m wide construction corridor to minimize the impacts on vegetation and disturbance of wildlife/domestic life along the route of the proposed pipeline.  The movement of vehicles should be managed to ensure minimal loss of vegetation during the construction phase.  Restoring the dug trench-line to its original condition will help mitigate the adverse impact on habitat utilization and distribution of the fauna, and will allow plant species to continue growing.

7.1.7 Mitigation of Traffic Disruptions - Informational signs should be posted at the construction zones before the commencement of any construction activities to inform drivers and ensure the safety of the roads; - According to the Egyptian Road Code of Practice (Ministry of Housing, 1998), markings, in the form of lane lines and directional arrows, will be posted to direct drivers to the proper lane changes and turnings during the construction phase; - The contractors and the site supervisor should choose a location for temporary storage of construction materials, equipment, tools, wastes and machinery before construction so as not to cause further traffic disruptions due to routes blockages. In case lateral excavations will take place, alternative routes should be decided upon and facilitated for the use of drivers. The time of using such alternative roads should be minimized; - Pedestrian crossings can be provided if necessary; - Construction work should be avoided at the traffic peak times whenever possible; - Upon using the open-cut method in agricultural lands, alternative roads should be developed to facilitate the entrance to the farms and an agreement should be held with the owner of these farms beforehand; and - Uncontrolled off road driving will be prohibited.

7.1.8 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and Accidents GASCO holds the responsibility to implement all the plausible precautions to safeguard the pipeline construction process and protect the surroundings. An emergency preparedness response plan, which is already prepared by GASCO, will be in place to give instructions about the identification of the potential occurrence of accidents and emergency situations that may occur during the pipeline construction and how to respond to them to reduce the risks and impacts that may be associated with these emergency situations.

7.1.9 Community health and safety In addition to all the environmental and social management and monitoring measures in this section which aim for health and safety, awareness-raising actions and signs should be provided to workers and community members to promote safety and health while safety supervisors hired by the implementing company to oversee work sites and will be largely responsible for children and their safety around the construction site; in the case of the excavation works near a school. Trenching activities can cause impacts on safety of the local community or the workers, in case the contractor does not comply with the safety requirements. It is important to include necessary

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ESIA study for Raven Pipeline safety measures that the contractor should apply in the contracts and these measures to be monitored as part of the monitoring activities. The contractor have the obligation to protect public. Moreover, the existence of grievance system is important to ensure that complaints are properly handled immediately and to ensure that information is shared transparently and that they are accountable to the hosting communities. A functioning Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM) is presented in detailed in section 9.

7.1.10 Occupational Health and Safety  Ensure the adequate implementation of occupational health and safety provisions on-site such as providing the personal protective equipment (PPE) to the workers.  The site should be provided by all the protective and safety requirements stipulated by labor laws and occupational health.

7.1.11 Damage to Existing Infrastructure There is a high risk of damaging the infrastructure lines that have been established a long time ago without having a proper and accurate mapping or documentation that shows the depths and the routes of these lines (ex. Water, sewage and telecommunication lines...etc). The following mitigation measures will be applied to the proposed project:

 The contractor will gather the most accurate area maps for infrastructure routes before commencing excavation.  The contractor will perform exploratory excavations manually in the area of the project in order to avoid any damage to the existing infrastructure.  If a line break occurs, the site manager has to quickly notify the nearest police department and the correspondent authority (according to the type of broken pipe). The authority shall repair the damaged line as soon as possible and the contractor will pay the repairing costs.  In case an infrastructure line is damaged, a documentation report for infrastructure pipe damage shall be prepared for the any accident, containing the following aspects:  Time and location of accident  Name of contractor/subcontractor causing the accident.  Type of damaged infrastructure line  Description of accident circumstances and causes in addition to the extension of damage.  Actions taken and responses of different parties, such as correspondent authority  Duration of fixing the damage

7.1.12 Temporary land acquisition The following measures are proposed to manage the impacts related to temporary land acquisition:

Fair compensation price: The main reference of the crop prices applied to all PAPs is the prices indicated by the relevant agricultural directorate at the concerned governorate. Previous experience shows satisfaction with the crop prices offered by GASCO.

Sensitivity to the local community needs: GASCO staff and local farmers with previous experience for similar projects implemented by GASCO revealed that a socially sensitive approach is usually

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ESIA study for Raven Pipeline adapted by the company when it comes to the actual execution of the project. An instance on that is the flexibility that both GASCO and the contractor show with farmers during the actual execution of the project. Although GASCO does have a decree for temporary acquisition of lands which is issued prior to the implementation of the project, the contractor in several cases allow additional days for the farmers in order for them to harvest their crops.

Transparency in the valuation process of crop compensation: Transparency in the process of the damaged crops valuation is crucial as a proactive mechanism to eliminate any opportunities for disputes. This is elaborated in more details on the RAP study. The valuation of the damaged crops and ensuring satisfaction with the compensation are key issues that should be considered during planning for the project. It following, however, should be noted:

 The Egyptian Government has a very efficient and fair system for crop compensation that goes in line with the World Bank Safeguard Policy.  GASCO also has a clear valuation system that was primarily based on the Ministerial Decree 347/2007 that declared the necessity of valuing the vegetation is the responsibility of each governorate and the previous experience of GASCO revealed that the majority of farmers who were compensated believe that they were offered fair compensations. Awareness raising activities among community members: awareness raising is necessary to mainstream the local community’s expectations towards the project and ensure the smooth acceptance of the project activities. Local civil society organizations and SDO can develop awareness raising activities to engage the local community during the procedures of temporary land acquisition.

Ensure an efficient grievance mechanism is put in place: Establishing a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is one of the most fundamental procedures that warrantee smooth and amicable implementation for the project activities. The grievance mechanism is discussed in section 9.

7.1.13 Permanent land acquisition (valve rooms) Selection of plots: selection of the location of land plots to be purchased for the valve rooms should be conducted in consultation with the local community. GASCO should select different plots according to technical criteria. Different plots should be considered with land owners who are willing to sell their land voluntarily. It is important to ensure that no one seller will be forced to sell their land and that there are other alternative plots in case the owner is not willing to sell.

Land valuation process: should be based on realistic market prices, after consulting with different actors at the local level. It is also important to ensure fair negotiation process for sellers. It is important to involve community leaders to ensure that sellers are offered fair prices.

Documentation of the negotiation process: It is important for the GASCO compensation committee and SDO to keep all relevant documents for selection of the plots, the process of determining the fair value of land according to the market as well as the negotiation process with the seller.

Ensure an efficient grievance mechanism is put in place: Establishing a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is one of the most fundamental procedures that warrantee smooth and amicable implementation for the project activities. The grievance mechanism is discussed in section 9.

7.1.14 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Land Use The construction activities will affect the agricultural areas in the pipeline route passing through and may force the farmer to lose the income of the whole grossing season. Therefore, a fair

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In addition, hazardous liquids( examples, lube oil and spills from cleaner cans,spills from used paint brushes, oil and fuel filters) have to be handled carefully in order to avoid the spilling or leaks so as to avoid the chances of soil contamination. (refer to Waste management procedure’’ annex 7)

7.1.15 Temporary land use of workers camps Conduct awareness and outreach activities during the construction activities about the grievance mechanism and about community health and safety measures. So that the local community are aware of the mechanism to submit their grievances with regards these issues.

Ensure contractor attends to the health and safety of their workers, maintain and cleanup campsites and to ensure the utmost preservation of land use environment and deliver the site after work completion in a condition that is similar or better than pre-project condition.

Fencing the construction area, to reduce disturbance to nearby population, Signage and Markings: provision of informational and directional signs posted prior to the construction. Announcements using local broadcasts to inform local community of health and safety measures to avoid accidents.

 Pedestrian crossings can be also provided at proper locations.  Ensure equipment used on site will not be moved during the day to avoid more traffic disruption  Develop a communication strategy to raise awareness of the community members on health and safety measures.

7.1.16 Child labor  The ToR to be prepared for both contractor and subcontractors will prohibit any kind of child labor in the project  Rigid obligations and penalties will be added to the contractor/subcontractors’ ToR in order to warrantee no child labor is occurred in the project  The ToR also will oblige the contractor/subcontractor to keep a copy of IDs of laborers in order to monitor the hired staff below 18 years old The contractor/subcontractor also will be obliged to maintain daily attendance sheets in order to verify the attendance of workers not include staff below 18 years old.

7.1.17 Mitigation of Street Restoration Over the years of implementing natural gas connection projects across Egypt, protocols to deal with national and local administrative requirements have been institutionalized between companies of the Natural Gas sector and the various government/administration entities. Such protocols comply with national legislation and administrative procedures and have become familiar and standard. The main features of the protocols for street restoration are:  Close and early coordination between the implementing company (and the excavation contractor, if applicable), the local unit, and any other relevant authorities (in the case of

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public roads, the Roads and Bridges Directorate may become the counterpart to the implementing company)  Agreement on the restoration arrangements, schedules, fees, and payment schedules  Coordination with the General Utilities before starting work especially the Traffic Department, sewerage, water, telephones and electricity departments.  Payment of restoration fees by the implementing company before works commencement  Documentation of the agreement and adoption by all involved parties  Communication with the Public and relevant authorities (such as the security and the traffic departments) regarding excavation and restoration plans

7.2 Mitigation Measures for Impacts during Operation Phase

7.2.1 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and Accidents  GASCO holds the responsibility to implement all the plausible precautions to safeguard the pipeline during its operation and protect the surroundings. A full description of the technical design measures used to mitigate the risk of any operational failures is provided in the QRA report prepared by GASCO.  Regarding the possibility of the release of significant amount of natural gas during the pipeline operation, regular inspection and preventive maintenance activities will be conducted by GASCO to check the pipeline connection and the welding efficiency. The inspection will additionally include checking any construction activities in the vicinity of the pipeline to prevent any failure that may lead to breakage or threaten the safe operation of the pipeline.  The pipeline is monitored by centralized SCADA systems monitored by GASCO to observe the operating parameters of the pipelines. If any failure occurred such as corrosions or leaks, valves supplying the pipeline will be shut down and the maintenance team will implement the appropriate maintenance actions. In addition to that, signs with a number for emergency will be placed on the pipeline route to be used in case of any emergency. Also, signs indicating the presence of the high pressure pipeline underneath will be posted.  Advanced fire and gas detection systems as well as shutdown and isolation systems will be installed all over the pipeline.  Pipeline patrolling will be conducted to ensure there are no encroachments on the pipeline, and the frequency of patrolling will vary according to area class as follows:

Table 7-1 - Pipelines Class and Patrolling Frequency Pipeline Location Vehicular Walking

Location Class 1 6 months No survey

Location Class 2 1 month vehicular accessible areas in 6 months Arable land, canal and river crossings AGIs, valve rooms, crossings, sleeves

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Pipeline Location Vehicular Walking

Location Class 3 2 weeks survey all areas

Location Class 4 2 weeks survey all areas

 All necessary permits will be obtained from landowners, farmers, railways, etc. prior to starting work. The patrol will ensure that he holds a valid identity card or letter of authorization.  Leakage surveying will be conducted to protect the surrounding population and workers against the effects of gas leakage from the pipeline in case any damage to the pipeline is detected. The survey will be conducted in areas where the pipeline runs close to buildings and workers.

7.2.2 Community health and safety An emergency preparedness response plan, which is already prepared by GASCO, will be in place to give instructions about the identification of the potential occurrence of accidents and emergency situations that may occur during the pipeline operation and how to respond to them to reduce the risks and impacts that may be associated with these emergency situations. Workers will be provided with adequate emergency preparedness and response training and simulations.

The Emergency Preparedness and Response Procedures include the following aspects:

 Overview of emergency management  Emergencies classes brief description  Key personnel responsibilities  Typical site emergency procedure  Emergency communication plan

GASCO HSE General Manager coordinates with all GASCO sites to review and update the emergency plan at least once a year, and all GASCO sites are provided with sufficient and suitable tools and capabilities needed for emergency situations. These facilities may be some or all of the following:  Fire-fighting equipment  Fire-fighting systems & automatic safety control systems  Personal protective equipment (PPE)

The emergency response plan includes also a hotline for the local community to report any emergencies. The number is “149” and it is advertised along the signs added to locate the pipeline. Moreover, in planning the emergency preparedness response, GASCO takes into account the needs of relevant interested parties, e.g. emergency services and neighbors; where arrangements with the neighboring communities are agreed and considered to integrate them in emergency preparedness plan to overcome any possible accidents. Trial emergency experiments also take

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ESIA study for Raven Pipeline place periodically according to contingency plan requirements; involving relevant interested parties as appropriate. The full details of the HSE plan during the operation are attached in Annex 4. Moreover, the existence of grievance system is important to ensure that complaints are properly handled immediately and to ensure that information is shared transparently and that they are accountable to the hosting communities. A functioning Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM) is presented in detailed in section 9.

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8 Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP) 8.1 Objectives of the ESM&MP The objective of the Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP), is to outline actions for minimizing or eliminating potential negative impacts and for monitoring the application and performance of mitigation measures. The ESMMP identifies roles and responsibilities for different stakeholders for implementation and monitoring of mitigations. This section also presents an assessment of the institutional capacity for implementing the ESMMP.

Wherever applicable, the ESMMP is designed to accommodate alternative context-specific mitigations and monitoring measures.

8.2 Institutional Framework for Implementation The project shall be implemented by the Egyptian Natural Gas Company (GASCO), an affiliate of the Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS), which owns a majority share.

The following project management chart (Figure 8-1–Site Project Management Structure in GASCO), of GASCO indicates the responsibility of each relevant employee in the project’s implementation.

Project Manager

Financial and Governmental Cathodic Tasks Inspection Administrative Relations Protection Affairs

Site Manager

Safety, Engineering Work Electrical Work Environment and Survey Work Mechanical Work Civil Work Inspection and Devices Health

Figure 8-1–Site Project Management Structure in GASCO

The Environmental Policy of GASCO mentions that the company and its affiliates are committed to:

 Comply with legislation relevant to their nature of activity  Provide training and awareness for their staff in order to carry out their work safely  Achieve continual improvement in the fields of safety, health and environment  Investigate and analyze incidents to prevent its recurrence

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 Follow-up companies and contractors compliance and implementation of health, safety and environment rules, regulations and provisions  Provide necessary information and data on health, safety and environment  Ensure execution of the policy through setting objectives, targets and an action plan. The policy shall be reviewed whenever needed

Staff members of GASCO carry out audits and, to make environment management system (EMS) is being implemented according to set objectives and targets. As part of the EMS procedures, GASCO presents monthly and quarterly reports about its environmental performance. GASCO reviews these reports, and makes occasional site inspections to compare these reports with field conditions.

8.2.1 Environmental Management Structure of Implementing Agency GASCO is certified by ISO: 14001 and OHSAS: 18001, and has direct involvement in the environmental management and monitoring of the natural gas pipeline. One of the standard tasks of the HSE Department of GASCO, which is followed up by EGAS, is establishing Environmental Registers for facilities, and frequent auditing of this register. The Environmental Register is audited by the Environmental Department head of GASCO. The HSE Department performs audits twice annually on the average, in addition to infrequent and emergency inspections. The routine monitoring activities performed include:

 Visual inspection of solid waste and scrap, and disposal methods;  Visual inspection of existence of liquid waste such as leaked condensate hydrocarbons or chemicals used in the heaters;  Checking that handling of hazardous waste is according to the approved procedures, which are described below;

 Use gas analyzers to measure SO2, CO, CH4 and O2 in ambient air, and detect possible leaks; and  Noise measurements.

GASCO HSE personnel have received training on environmental auditing, environmental impact assessments for industrial establishments, and environmental legislation.

The Environmental Department of GASCO has been less involved on design, planning, tendering and construction procedures of natural gas connection projects. Their role has been more effective in the operational phase according to the described procedures above. However, the Safety Department in GASCO usually reviews designs, and assigns full time staff member to supervise the construction contractor, making sure that adequate safety measures are considered during design and implemented during construction.

The current positions and person-power of the HSE Department of GASCO is shown in Figure 8-2. These positions are divided over three sectors of the HSE Department, namely Environmental Protection, Safety and Fire Fighting, and Technical Consultancy and Inspection. Furthermore, representatives from each sector are present at the Site HSE department, as well as the HSE headquarters. The organizational structure is shown in Figure 8-2

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Figure 8-2- OHSE Department positions and person-power The ESMP will suggest mitigation and monitoring responsibilities for the contractor and GASCO’s HSE Department. The assignment of these responsibilities among the various sectors of the department is the decision of GASCO HSE Management.

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Figure 8-3 - GASCO OHSE organizational chart

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8.2.2 Social Management Structure of Implementing Agency

The main impacts that should be carefully mitigated and addressed are the impacts related to temporary and permanent land acquisition and the accompanying process of crops valuation and paying compensation. Currently, this process is done by GASCO through the Compensation Department, which participated in the formation of a Compensation Committee for the project.

Social Development Officer with relevant background (e.g. a background in social development or social science will be appointed from GASCO to work on full time basis during the project construction to ensure the social management plan is sufficiently addressed. It is required that the "Social Officer" be aware of the World Bank safeguard policy on involuntary resettlement and the associated procedures. Training courses on participatory approaches and the aspects of OP 4.12 might be needed in order to build his/her capacity to efficiently follow up the implementation of the social management plan. The Social Development Officer will be working closely with the Consultant who will be preparing the RAP.

Social Development Officer Responsibilities

 Ensuring that the proposed social management plan is sufficiently considered and applied;  Develop detailed list of the local stakeholders and the NGOs representatives and maintain communication channels with them and ensure that they are engaged and consulted;  Develop all the required techniques and formats to monitor the implantation of the social management plan;  Report to the WB on the progress related to the ESMP and the safeguard policies including the fair compensation to PAPs;  Assure transparent and timely sharing of information  Review PAPs grievance and conduct regular feedbacks and meetings as a proactive and early measure to eliminate disputes;  Follow up the progress to respond to the concerns of PAPs; and  Work closely with local NGOs and other stakeholders to raise the awareness of local communities on the safety of line and other related issues.

Social management plan

This social management plan involves a monitoring process that will be the main responsibility of the Social Development Officer. The monitoring of the compensation process and the adherence to the safeguard policy OP 4.12 necessitates the development of some forms/templates in order to be able to process the management and monitoring system appropriately. This includes a Registration Form for affected plots, containing specific information to identify the owner and the approximate value of the crops. Also, a grievance form should be used to record any complaints and ensure that action will be taken. Draft model for these forms are provided in Annex 5. It should be noted that these forms should be updated by the Social Development Officer based on the actual needs.

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The results of the monitoring and management system should be reported quarterly to the Headquarter of GASCO. The monitoring and management will be implemented by the branches of GASCO in each governorate under the supervision of the Social Development Officer.

In addition to appointing the Social Development Officer other local-based mechanisms are also suggested, mainly the establishment Compensation Committee with main objective of working as a safeguard mechanism to ensure that the interests of the poor and most vulnerable are protected and to ensure that the valuation and compensation process is as transparent as possible.

Compensation Committee

The main roles and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee are as follows:

 Supervise the inventory survey for the project affected persons (PAPs);  Valuate the affected assets;  Estimate the amount of compensations to PAPs based on the collected information (Egyptian legislations and the World Bank safeguard policy OP 4.12) ;  Prepare and disseminate lists of PAPs;  Obtaining approvals from GASCO on the planned compensation ;  Apply proactive mechanism for grievance redress including transparent sharing of information, carrying out consultative activities with the local communities and ensuring involvement of local leaders in resolving disputes; and  Ensure that grievances are addressed.

Normally, this Committee (currently is formed under GASCO projects) is composed of a manager, an accountant and a lawyer. The committee will be composed of the following members:

 A representative from the GASCO (namely the Social Development Officer and the staff of the Compensation Department including the lawyer,  A representative from the contractor  A representative from the Agriculture Association

In cases of escalation of disputes, a Supreme Compensation Committee with the responsibly of settling disputes could involve the same composition above headed by counselor from the Supreme Court. It should be stressed here that all possible mitigation actions and procedures should be considered in order to prevent the in necessity of involving the Supreme Committee.

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8.3 Management and Monitoring Activities during the Construction Phase

8.3.1 Management of Air Quality Management of Dust Emissions Monitoring dust emissions will take place by monitoring activities that generate dust such as (excavation, preparation of site, vehicles and equipment movement..); ensuring that measures for minimizing dust emissions are applied properly while performing such activities. Management of Gaseous Emissions Monitoring of air emissions will be done by the periodic inspection of vehicle maintenance schedules, and black smoke produced from any machinery should be observed on-site.

8.3.2 Management of Water Use/Wastewater Generation  Monitoring if any oily appearance or smell is observed on-site. This could indicate whether to classify this water as hazardous waste or not, and determine whether it should be sent to an appropriate treatment plant. Coordination with MWRI is necessary regarding the water generated from the hydrostatic testing.  Reviewing the hazardous wastes register to track the quantities and types of generated chemicals and oils wastes on-site and assure that the collection and handling of such substances is done by an authorized contractor.

8.3.3 Management of Noise Monitoring of noise impacts can be done by periodic observation of the extent of implementation of the mitigation measures mentioned above in section 7.1.4.

8.3.4 Management of the Ecological System  Monitoring of proper implementation of the mitigation measures mentioned in section 7.1.6 to ensure minimum effect on the vegetation and wildlife in the area of the project.  Pipeline route has to be revisited after construction to ensure that the ecological system is not affected and that impacts on vegetation and disturbance of wildlife/domestic life along the route of the proposed pipeline are minimized.

8.3.5 Management of Land Use 1. Recording any spills or leakages incidents and periodically analyzing these data. 2. Surveying of structural status of buildings and performing soil investigations shall be undertaken under the supervision of a structural consultancy firm if necessary. 3. The pipeline route should be revisited and investigated at the end of the construction phase to ensure that the land has been restored to its original conditions before the project and to ensure that the pipeline does not affect agricultural production. These observations can be performed as part of the pipeline patrolling and leakage surveying, described in Section3.5.1

8.3.6 Management of Traffic Congestion Implementation of all mitigation measures mentioned in section 7in coordination with Traffic Departments of the appropriate governorate shall be monitored.

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8.3.7 Management of Hazards and Accidents An emergency preparedness response plan, which is already prepared by GASCO, will be in place to give instructions about the identification of the potential occurrence of accidents and emergencies that may occur during the pipeline construction and how to respond to them to reduce the risks and impacts that may be associated with these emergencies.

8.3.8 Management of Solid, Construction and Hazardous Waste Generation Solid and Construction Waste Generation To monitor solid and construction waste management practices, observation of solid and construction waste stockpiles should take place to ensure the frequency of their removal from the site. Site observations will also take place to ensure that solid and construction wastes stockpiles do not contain hazardous components and monitor the frequency of their removal from the site. Hazardous Waste Generation To monitor hazardous waste management practices, observation of hazardous waste stockpiles should take place to ensure the frequency of their removal from the site.

8.3.9 Management of Community Health and Safety Information should be provided to people in order to be fully aware about safety procedures in addition to the Emergency Numbers. The hotline should be operating appropriately

8.3.10 Management for Occupational Health and Safety Management of Occupational health and safety can be monitored by on-site observations and also by assuring that all health and safety measures mentioned in section 7.1.10 are applied adequately on-site during the construction phase.

8.3.11 Management of Possible Risk on Damaging the Existing Infrastructure Such risk can be monitored by documenting and analyzing reasons that led to the existence of such type of accidents and updating procedures to prevent their reoccurrence in the future.

8.3.12 Management of Child Labor Lists of attendees should be filled in on daily basis with workers IDs.

8.3.13 Management of Street Restoration As mentioned in the impacts section of the study, restoration and re-pavement of streets post- construction and excavation is one of the impacts, which are highly perceived by the public. The implementing entity agrees a restoration fee with the local administration unit in charge of the area. The fee is used by the local unit to include the restoration in their re-pavement plans. In some cases, the restoration and re-pavement job is carried out by the Roads and bridges directorate who, in turn, schedule the re-pavements in their own plans. A key to minimize public discontentment and socioeconomic impacts of excavated streets is quick restoration and effective communication with regarding work and restoration schedules. 8.4 Management and Monitoring Activities during the Operation Phase This section describes the monitoring activities that will be undertaken during the operation phase of the project.

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8.4.1 Management of Hazards and Accidents To prevent, as much as reasonably practicable, the hazards that could be expected from the operation of the natural gas pipeline on the surrounding communities and environment, GASCO will implement all the necessary precautions to safeguard the pipelines operation. GASCO will be responsible for monitoring the entire length of the pipeline outside the power stations, and as for the components inside the power station; it will be the responsibility of the electricity authority to monitor these components. In general the monitoring of the pipeline will be done through the following actions.

Pipeline Patrolling Patrolling the pipeline is done by GASCO on regular intervals, according to the pipeline location class as explained in section7.2.1, to ensure that no activities or actions undertaken in the area can cause damage to the pipeline. The patrolling is done using either a vehicle or walking over the line over a duration ranging from 2 weeks to 6 months according to the defined line class.

The patrol will be responsible to observe and report any findings to the Sector Office on a daily basis, if any pipeline is at risk, the notification should be carried out as soon as possible. In case of risk, the patrol will obtain an authorization letter from GASCO to directly stop the work or action being carried out immediately. A report will be written by the patrol on a daily basis to record the day’s proceedings.

Leakage Survey Survey for leakages from the pipeline will be done through several monitoring activities, one being onsite leakage survey duty which has a certain frequency set by a qualified engineer with suitable experience in the field of corrosion control for buried ferrous pipes, according to the ASME B31.8. The survey duty frequency will be determined in advance and reviewed annually, and in case it coincides with the patrolling duties, it can be done simultaneously, but reported in different sheets.

An additional measure will be monitoring the pipeline operation pressure, which will be monitored through the centralized SCADA system operated by GASCO personnel. This monitoring system will indicate any significant pressure drop in the pipeline in case of leakages.

Inspection on the status of the cathodic protection should also be conducted on defined intervals, according to the practical experience of the engineering department, in each area to avoid any failure in the pipeline due to corrosion. An inspection and maintenance report will be prepared by the inspection team to report the observations and actions taken during the work performed.

Also, the patrolling and leakage survey teams should receive training about the proper method to carry out their tasks.

Emergency Response In case of emergencies, the proper action will be taken according to GASCO’s Emergency Response Procedure. The procedure includes the key personnel responsibilities and communication methods, as well as the emergency classes. Reports will be prepared after the necessary actions are taken to

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8.5 Mitigation Activities Table The tables below include the proposed mitigation measures for each impact, the implementation direct responsibility and the supervision responsibility, in addition to the proposed monitoring activities and methods, frequency and location of monitoring during the construction and operation phases.

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Table 8-1 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during construction and operation phases Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision Construction Air Gaseous Emissions Petrojet, the GASCO HSE site General Contractor supervisor Implementation/s 1. Implementation of regular upervision cost maintenance schedule for machinery 2. Ensuring that vehicles and equipment will not be left running unnecessarily to reduce gaseous and exhaust emissions from diesel engines

Dust Emissions

 Water spraying before excavation, filling, loading and unloading  Spraying of stockpiles, the storage area will be covered  Using paved routes to access the site wherever possible.  Sheeting of Lorries transporting friable construction materials  Ensuring transportation of construction waste by a licensed contractor  Minimizing drop heights for material transfer activities such as unloading of friable materials

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision  Excavated bypass dust will be treated as hazardous waste.

• Liquid waste generated such as Petrojet, the GASCOHSE site  General chemicals and drains should be Contractor supervisor Implement collected in suitable tanks ation/ • The water resulting from the supervisio hydrostatic test of the pipeline is n cost collected in tanks onsite and then is Sampling cost: Water transported directly to the nearest 6500 EGP/ bodies/Wastewater waste water treatment plant after sample generation coordinating with the wastewater company and MWRI in order to reduce the impacts on the aquatic environment. • Prior coordination with the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI) is necessary. • Minimize the time of exposure of Petrojet, the GASCO HSE site General workers to noise( refer to table 2-15) Contractor supervisor Implementation/ • Ensuring the use of ear plugs in the supervision cost field Noise • Training all the workers before the commencement of construction activities about this hazard and how to avoid it

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision • Construction activities will be minimized during night so as not to disturb the surroundings • All machines and vehicles should be shut-off when not used Ecology • Vegetation clearance should be limited Petrojet, the GASCO HSE site General (Flora and Fauna) as much as possible Contractor supervisor Implementation/ • Establishment of 20m wide supervision cost construction corridor • Movement of vehicles should be managed to ensure minimal loss of vegetation • Restoring the dug trench-line to its original condition  Restoring the land to its original Petrojet, the GASCO Headquarters General condition at the end of the Contractor Implementation/ construction phase to reduce the supervision cost impacts on the natural habitats.  Hazardous liquids( examples, lube oil and spills from cleaner cans, Land Use spills from used paint brushes, oil and fuel filters) have to be handled carefully in order to avoid the spilling or leaks to the ground (refer to Waste management procedure’’ annex 7)

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision Traffic Congestion  Using signs for drivers before the Petrojet, the GASCO HSE site General commencement of any Contractor supervisor Implementation/ construction activities to inform supervision cost drivers and ensure the safety of the roads  Planning alternative routes when roads are obstructed  Choosing a location for temporary storage of construction materials, equipment, tools, wastes and machinery before construction so as not to cause further traffic disruptions  Avoiding construction work at the traffic peak times whenever possible  Prohibiting uncontrolled off road driving  An emergency preparedness GASCO HSE GASCO Headquarters GASCO response plan, which is already department management cost prepared by GASCO, will be in (General place to give instructions about Implementation/ Hazards and Accidents the identification of the potential supervision cost) occurrence of accidents and emergency situations that may occur during the pipeline construction and how to respond

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision to them to reduce the risks and impacts that may be associated with these emergency situations • Identification and use of approved Petrojet , the GASCO HSE site  Hazardous nearby disposal sites through local Contractor supervisor Waste authority Disposal: • On-site segregation of wastes 3500 according to their types EGP/ton • Designation and use of appropriate + stockpiling locations on site transportat • Covering waste stockpiles to avoid ion cost ambient air pollution  General • Daily hauling of waste to disposal site Implement in covered trucks Solid, Construction and ation/supe • Activities involving fueling, lubricating hazardous waste rvision or adding chemicals will not take place generation cost on-site (unless it is necessary) to avoid soil pollution and generation of additional hazardous wastes • Containers of used chemicals and oil will be collected and disposed in an approved hazardous wastes facility • The hazardous liquid waste will be collected in specific drums and transferred by authorized companies ( refer to annex 7 Waste management procedures)

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision • Excavated bypass dust will be disposed as a hazardous waste in the landfill, and will be transported through an authorized company.  Prepare stakeholder engagement GASCO GASCO Headquarters GASCO plan Environmental management cost  Awareness raising campaigns department (General should be tailored in cooperation Implementation/ with the community-based supervision cost) organization Community Health and  Using caution tapes that help to safety keep people away of the site,  Informing residents about the timeline of the project in order for the residents to know when to avoid certain streets  Install wooden bars or decks over trenches to allow safe crossing Petrojet EHS plan for the project is Petrojet , the GASCOHSE site 4- Training approved by GASCO prior to Contractor supervisor Cost: 6000 construction includes the following: EGP/train  Ensure the adequate implementation of ing program Occupational Health and occupational health and safety 5- General Safety provisions on-site such as providing the personal protective equipment (PPE) Implement to the workers. ation/supe  The site should be provided by all the rvision protective and safety requirements cost

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision stipulated by labor laws and occupational health. Risk of damaging • Consult maps before excavation work Petrojet , the GASCO HSE site  General existing infrastructure • Use of trial pits Contractor supervisor Implement • Analysis of accidents logs ation/ • If a line break occurs, the nearest police supervisio department and the corresponding n cost authority shall be informed to repair the Cost of damaged line infrastructure damage will vary according to the type of damage. The cost will be charged on the contractor. RAP document prepared GASCO GASCO Estimated amount Compensation Environmental for crop Temporary land  Providing fair compensation to the land Committee Department compensation will acquisition and crop owners for the loss of crops. be according to damage GASCO Social the RAP study Development Officer  GASCO GASCO Social GASCO will Permanent land Ensuring Providing fair market value to Compensation Development Officer purchase the land acquisition for valve the land owners for purchasing the land for the valve rooms Committee under willing buyer rooms (willing buyer – – willing seller willing seller approach) scheme

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Potential Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of Responsibility of Estimated Cost Environmental Impact Mitigation direct supervision This risk should be handled during the GASCO Social GASCO project construction phase and restrict Development Environmental obligations should be applied by the Officer Department contractor which are no child labor in the Petrojet , the project and a copy of IDs of laborers are Contractor Child Labor kept in order to monitor the hired staff The implementation company should take into account the Laws and Regulations Related to Child Labor(articles 1, 59, 64) to eliminate the worst forms of child labor Operation Hazards and Accidents  Scheduled patrolling activities, HSE department at HSE department at GASCO ( Refer to GASCO inspection and preventive GASCO (on-site GASCO (central unit management cost emergency response maintenance activities section) and administration) procedure annex 4)  Inspection will include any activities that could potentially lead to damage in the pipeline  In case of emergency, the source of the leak will be isolated until the maintenance team performs the required maintenanceSigns will be posted over the pipeline path showing the numbers to be called in case of emergency

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Table 8-2 - Environmental Monitoring during Construction and Operation phases Impact Monitoring Responsibility Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators for Duration Cost implementation

Construction Air emissions Inspection of Petrojet , the GASCO Quarterly Documentation Review of General vehicle and Contractor Environmen office schedule implementat machinery tal Officer ion and maintenance supervision

schedule cost

Exhaust Petrojet , the GASCO Once before Vehicle Sampling of emissions Contractor Environmen construction maintenance exhaust concentrations tal Officer commencem site emissions from diesel ent, then generators quarterly for each vehicle

Dust Inspection of the Petrojet , the GASCO Daily Construction Site observation General Emissions construction Contractor Environmen site implementat activities tal Officer ion and supervision cost

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators for Duration Cost implementation

Risk of Frequency and Petrojet , the GASCO Monthly Documentation Documentation General damaging location of Contractor Environmen office in the monthly Implementa existing damage incidents tal Officer HSE reports and tion/ infrastructure accidents logs supervision cost Cost of infrastructur e damage will vary according to the type of damage. The cost will be charged on the contractor.

Observation of Petrojet , the GASCO Weekly Construction Site observation General accumulated Contractor Environmen site implementat Solid, waste piles tal Officer ion/ Construction supervision and hazardous cost waste generation Observation of Petrojet , the GASCO Daily Construction Site observation General water Contractor Environmen site Implementa accumulations tal Officer tion/ resulting from

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators for Duration Cost implementation

dewatering (if supervision encountered) cost

Chain-of- Petrojet , the GASCO Daily Construction Recording of hazardous custody and Contractor Environmen site daily waste implementation tal Officer transportation disposal/to of waste statistics and n management plans records from the +transporta waste disposal tion cost sites

Sound intensity Petrojet , the GASCO Quarterly, at Construction Noise recording,  General levels and Contractor Environmen least one site reporting in Implemen exposure tal Officer measurement monthly reports tation/ durations per supervisio contractor/s n cost ub- 2. Sampling Noise contractor Cost

Complaints from Petrojet , the GASCO Weekly Construction Assessment of General neighboring Contractor Environmen site the filed Implementa residents tal Officer complaints tion/ supervision cost

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators for Duration Cost implementation

Use of earmuffs Petrojet , the GASCO Weekly Construction Site observation General by Construction Contractor Environmen site Implementa workers tal Officer tion/ supervision Traffic Complaints from cost Congestion neighboring/ affected Petrojet , the GASCO Weekly Construction Assessment of General residents Contractor Environmen site the filed Implementa tal Officer complaints tion/ supervision cost

Appropriate Petrojet , the GASCO Monthly Construction Site observation General implementation Contractor Environmen site Implementa of the tal Officer tion/ mitigations supervision measures agreed cost upon with the contractor

Ecology Minimizing the Petrojet , the GASCO Daily Construction Site observation General impacts on Contractor Environmen site Implementa vegetation and tal Officer tion/ disturbance of supervision

natural habitats cost along the route

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators for Duration Cost implementation

of the proposed pipelines

Restoring the Petrojet , the GASCO At the end of Construction Site observation General dug trench-line Contractor Environmen the site Implementa to its original tal Officer construction tion/ condition at the phase supervision end of the cost construction phase

Water bodies/ Oily appearance Petrojet , the GASCO Continuous Construction Site observation 3- Sam Wastewater or smell of Contractor (via Environmen during site pling cost generation wastewater third party) tal Officer construction streams and General hydrostatic Implementa Samples to test testing tion/ wastewater supervision which will be cost discharged (pH odour, TSS, COD, BOD, Oil & Grease…etc)

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators for Duration Cost implementation

Wastewater Petrojet , the GASCO Before Construction Chemical 4- Sam analysis after Contractor (via Environmen wastewater site analysis pling cost hydrostatic third party) tal Officer discharge testing General Implementa Samples to test tion/ wastewater supervision which will be cost discharged (pH odour, TSS, COD, BOD, Oil & Grease…etc)

Soil/Land Use Recording any Petrojet, the GASCO Upon Construction Site observation General spills or leakages Contractor Environmen detection of site Implementa incidents and tal Officer any spillage tion/ periodically or leakage supervision analyzing these incidence cost data.

Surveying of Petrojet , the GASCO Yearly, if Structural Structural General structural status Contractor (via Environmen necessary consultancy consultancy firm Implementa of buildings and third party) tal Officer firm for the tion/ performing soil affected site (if supervision investigations any) cost

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators for Duration Cost implementation

The pipeline Petrojet , the GASCO After end of Construction Site investigation General route should be Contractor (via Environmen construction site Implementa revisited and third party) tal Officer tion/ investigated at supervision the end of the cost construction phase to ensure that the land has been restored to its original conditions before the project

Occupational PPEs, first aid Petrojet , the GASCO Daily Construction Observation  General Health and kits, emergency Contractor Environmen site Implement Safety plans, fire- tal Officer ation/ fighting supervision equipment, cost ….etc. 6- Trai ning Cost

GASCO Social Project Site General Temporary Complaints and GASCO Monthly Review list of grievances from Development Environmen PAPs, meetings implementat land Officer acquisition PAPs about fair tal Officer with the PAPs,

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators for Duration Cost implementation and crop compensation Documentation compensation ion/supervi damage and procedures offices receipts, sion cost Compensation grievances, and

Committee follow up forms

Permanent Complaints and GASCO Social GASCO Monthly Project Site Review list of General land grievances from Development Environmen PAPs, contracts, implementat acquisition for PAPs about fair Officer tal Officer grievances, and ion/supervi valve rooms compensation Documentation follow up forms sion cost (willing buyer and procedures offices – willing seller Compensation approach) Committee

Operation Hazards and Patrolling GASCO GASCO 2 weeks, 1 Pipeline route Patrolling GASCO Accidents reports for the inspection inspection month or 6 schedule Managemen pipeline Department in Department months t cost the pipeline’s in the head (According area office to pipeline Class Table ) Regular GASCO GASCO Quarterly Pipeline route Inspection and GASCO inspection and maintenance maintenance (According maintenance Managemen maintenance Department in Department to the time plan t cost the pipeline’s in the head inspection area office and

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Impact Monitoring Responsibility Supervision Frequency/ Location Methods Estimated Indicators for Duration Cost implementation

maintenance time plan)

Leakage survey GASCO GASCO 2 weeks, 1 Pipeline route Leakage Survey GASCO and pipeline inspection inspection month or 6 and Schedule/ Managemen pressure department/ department/ months documentation operational log t cost parameters GASCO GASCO (According office (through operation operation to the leakage SCADA system) department in department survey the pipeline’s in the head schedule)/ area office continuous monitoring

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9 Grievance Mechanism (Environmental and Social Grievance Redress Mechanisms) Grievance Mechanism is important to ensure that complaints are properly handled immediately and to ensure that information is shared transparently and that they are accountable to the hosting communities. A functioning Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM) is considered to be a good feedback mechanism from the project affected persons and one tool of the citizen engagement. GASCO operates a comprehensive GRM procedure: Leaflets, posters and brochures are prepared and distributed to the beneficiaries, NGOs, local governmental units, mosques and churches. Thus, sufficient and appropriate information about the GRM will be shared with the communities prior to the construction phase.

Additionally, the World Bank’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS) provides an additional, accessible way for individuals and communities to complain directly to the World Bank if they believe that a World Bank-financed project had or is likely to have adverse effects on them or their community. The GRS enhances the World Bank’s responsiveness and accountability by ensuring that grievances are promptly reviewed and responded to, and problems and solutions are identified by working together. The GRS ensures that complaints are being promptly reviewed and addressed by the responsible units in the World Bank.

The objective of the Grievance Redress Service is to make the Bank more accessible for project- affected communities and to help ensure faster and better resolution of project-related complaints through the following link (http://www.worldbank.org/grs) and e-mail ([email protected]).

9.1 Institutional Responsibility for Grievances The entity responsible for handling grievances will mainly be the Environmental Affair Department within the implementing agency (GASCO). The Social Development Officer (SDO) working within GASCO in cooperation with the contractor will address all grievances raised by community members, particularly the ones related to resettlement activities. The main tasks related to grievances of the SDO are: o Raise awareness about channels and procedures of grievance redress mechanisms o Collect the grievances received through different communication channels o Document all received grievances o Transfer the grievance to the responsible entity o Follow up on how the problem was addressed and solved o Document, report and disseminate the outcome of received grievances o Ensure that each legitimate complaint and grievance is satisfactorily resolved by the responsible entity o Identify specific community leaders, organizations and citizen groups required to enhance the dialogue and communication through a public liaison office to avoid or limit friction and respond effectively to general concerns of the community o Monitoring grievance redress activities. 9.2 Grievances Tires The proposed mechanism is built on two tiers of grievances:

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First tier of Grievances: Project Manager (on Site)

The Project Manager for each site / SDO is responsible to ensure that the GRM system is widely advertised and well explained on the local level. Moreover, s/he will follow up on the complaint until a resolution is reached. The turnaround time for the response/resolution should be 10 days and The SDO should inform the complainant of the outcome of the grievance.

It is worth noting that most of the previous experience of GASCO is suggesting that complaints are usually handled efficiently and resolved on the local level. In case the PAP is not satisfied with the resolution, the complainant shall submit the grievance to the second level of grievance.

Second tier of Grievances: On the level of GASCO headquarter (Mediation Committee) If the aggrieved person is not satisfied with the decision of the first tier, he can raise the complaint to the Mediation Committee at GASCO headquarter. The Mediation committee should ensure a resolution is made within 15 days. The above mentioned tiers are consistent with the World Bank’s policy OP 4.12. Providing multi- levels of tiers will result in amicable implementation of the project. It is a function of the project, to provide aggrieved people with an avenue for amicable settlement without necessarily pursuing a court case. The absence of first tier mechanism denies project affected groups the direct channel for grievance and delays resolution of disputes against the interest of both the PAP and the project.

9.3 Grievance channels Due to the diversity of the context in different Governorates and the socioeconomic characteristics of the beneficiaries, the communication channels to receive grievances were locally tailored to address all petitioners concerns and complaints. The following are the main channels through which grievances will be received:  Project Manager (on Site) acts as the main channel for receiving complaints. He is available on the location. Most of the complaints raised to him/her are raised verbal. He should document all received grievances in written form, giving each grievance a serial number.  Hotline: 149 is the hotline in GASCO  Community leaders and NGOs/CDAs are an appropriate channel, particularly, in rural areas.  Regular meetings with community members including influential stakeholders  GASCO Website for literate persons who have access to the internet  GASCO Compensation Committee, Mediation Committee and Government Relations Committee

9.4 Response to grievances Response to grievance will be through the following channels  The same channel the complaint was submitted.  Response to grievances should be handled in timely manner (according the duration indicated for each tier), thereby conveying a genuine interest in and understanding of the worries put forward by the community.

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 GASCO should keep a record of complaints and results. 9.5 Monitoring of grievances All grievance activities should be monitored in order to verify the process. The following indicators should guide the monitoring process:

• Number of received grievances per month (Channel, gender, age, basic economic status of the complainants should be included) • Type of grievance received (according to the topic of the complaint) • Number of grievances solved • Level of satisfaction with grievance resolutions • Documentation efficiency • Dissemination activities done • Efficiency of response to grievance provided ( efficiency in time and action taken)

A Grievance Monitoring Report should be developed on a quarterly basis in order to keep track of all grievances developed. The report should be developed by the SDO in the GASCO headquarter

All grievances received shall be documented in a grievance register. The following table represents the main contents of such form:

Box 1: Grievance form Serial Number: Markaz: Date: Gender of the aggrieved person Age of the aggrieved person Education of the person reporting a grievance Topic of grievance Actions to be taken (short term- long term) The referral of grievance Monitoring for grievance Figure 9-1 Grievance Form

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10 Stakeholder Engagement and Public Consultation

The public consultation chapter aims to highlight the key consultation and community engagement activities and their outcomes. In addition, the chapter outlines the key issues to be discussed when holding the consultation activities. Throughout the various consultation and engagement activities, the work teams recorded the different reactions of the community and the governmental stakeholders towards the proposed project. Public consultation activities have been implemented during the preparation of the site-specific studies. The public consultation activities scheduled are the following: - Consultation activities were conducted in October and November 2018 - A public consultation session was conducted on 30th October 2018 in Beheira Governorate - A public consultation session will be conducted on 27th November 2018 in Beheira Governorate 10.1 Legal Framework for Consultation Consultation activities (i.e. scoping, interviews, focus group discussions, public hearings/consultations) with various stakeholders and community people in the host communities were held for the proposed NG pipeline connections project. These activities were conducted to be in compliance with:  WB policies relevant to disclosure and public consultation, namely, 1. World Bank Procedure (BP 17.50) 2. World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.01)  Egyptian regulations relevant to public consultation 1. Law 4/1994 modified by Law 9/2009/2009 modified with ministerial decrees no. 1095/2011 and no. 710/2012 10.2 Consultation Objectives Objectives of various consultation activities are summarized as follows:  Define potential project stakeholders and suggest their possible project roles;  Disseminate comprehensive information about the project to enable stakeholders to identify their concerns, needs, and recommendations;  Listen to their comments, ideas and concerns and recording the same for follow up;  Document stakeholder feedback and enhance the ESIA accordingly;  Identify the most effective outreach channels that support continuous dialogue with the community;  Avoid any misconceptions about the project and properly manage expectations;  Discuss potential resettlement plans and impacts of involuntary resettlement.

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Key principles of effective engagement include:  Providing meaningful information in a format and language that is understandable and tailored to the needs of the target stakeholder group(s);  Information should be shared in advance through consultation activities and decision-making;  Information should be easily accessible for stakeholders to access it and that are culturally appropriate;  Respect for local traditions, languages, timeframes, and decision-making processes;  Inclusiveness in representation of views, including ages, women and men, vulnerable and/or minority groups;  Processes free of intimidation or coercion;  Clear mechanisms for responding to people’s concerns, suggestions, and grievances. 10.3 Defining relevant stakeholders According to IFC Guidance Note 1 (2012), a stakeholder is defined as “Persons, groups or communities external to the core operations of a project who may be affected by the project or have interest in it. This may include individuals, businesses, communities, local government authorities, local nongovernmental and other institutions, and other interested of affected parties”. Therefore, the first step in the process of stakeholder engagement is stakeholder identification; that is, determining who the project stakeholders are and what they should be grouped under. Most importantly, identifying stakeholder representatives is key to carrying out consultations seamlessly. These representatives not only inform the project with their valuable information, but they also serve as a communication channel to disseminate information to large numbers of stakeholders and receive information from them. Once stakeholders are identified, a primary analysis is applied to identify their respective level of engagement. The stakeholder analysis tool is used to group stakeholders according to their effect and support pertaining to the project. The following table represents the stakeholders contacted and engaged during the consultation events:

Table 10-1: Main stakeholders identified for the project Stakeholder Categories Role/ Concern groups

Primary Stakeholders

Potential Affected  They are the main stakeholders. Communities in  They have the experience and the knowledge Community leaders and they have a strong impact on the local  Beheira community especially at rural areas. Governorate  They will be responsible of communicating 1. Edko Markaz with the Project and their community people.

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Stakeholder Categories Role/ Concern groups

 Kafr El Dawar  They are the potential Project Affected Markaz Persons (PAPs), i.e. households and  Alexandria communities that will receive impacts The community Governorate (positive/negative) as a result of the project. people   Ameriya District Farmers whose lands may be traversed by project components.  Women  They have interests in the project as they might  Young people get a job opportunity  The elderly  They will receive the impacts of the project. Additionally. given their vulnerable status they might be severely affected by positive or negative impacts Beheira and  The main role of the governorate is Alexandria supporting the project by providing the Governorates various permissions needed.

Local  Permissions for the lands needed for valve Governmental units rooms should be prepared by the governorate Governmental (District authorities and approved by the LGU. sector and village  Rehabilitation of roads, which is one of the authorities) major issues raised by the community, will be performed by the LGU.  They are responsible for providing the prices Agricultural of the crops during the valuation process as cooperatives well as provide data about the land’s owners and rent during the census survey. Ministry of Environment - Egyptian  It is responsible for reviewing and approving Environmental ESIAs as well as monitoring implementation Environmental Affairs Agency of the Environmental Management Plan. sector (EEAA)

Environmental Office within the  It is responsible for monitoring the compliance Governorates to environmental requirements.

 GASCO is the owner of the project as well as the main government authority concerned Project Owner GASCO with supervising the project activities and implementation of the project.  It oversees activities of the Environmental and Social Management Plan

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Stakeholder Categories Role/ Concern groups

Financial The World Bank Institutes (WB)  It is the financing and regulating entity.

 The main beneficiaries from the project that Western Desert Gas Beneficiaries may be subject to some positive/negative Complex impacts. They play a significant role in the project’s success and sustainability.

Health Local Units  They provide the health services to the local units. Information  Centers on the They provide NG companies with Other underground utilities and infrastructure maps. Governmental governorate level Entities Ministry of Defense  Permitting the location of plant and the routes of the associated overhead transmission line Ministry of  It works through the subsidiary companies to Petroleum secure energy and oil supply.

Secondary Stakeholders Traders (small scale  stores) They provide workers with food and Traders and amenities. Suppliers Small contractors  They may be affected because they are situated at the project’s adjacent areas.  They support the local community by providing capacity building activities and NGOs (regional, finding alternative livelihood opportunities local) during construction. Civil Society  They play an active role in any awareness- Specific union of raising activities related to the project. NGOs  They are responsible of sharing information with the community.  They may provide support during the valuation and compensation process. Television Media representatives  They disclose information about the project. Newspaper Websites editors

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The abovementioned stakeholders were consulted using various tools i.e. individual interviews, group meetings, and public consultation. They are the main participants of the public consultation conducted during (June and July 2018). However, some of them were interviewed at their place of work in order to enable them to spell out their concerns and worries freely.

10.4 Consultation Methodology and Activities GASCO has conducted a preliminary public consultation session, as part of the process of conducting the ESIA of Raven pipeline and in line with the national legislative and World Bank requirements. This session was held prior to the preparing of the draft ESIA and RAP of the current study. The session was held in Edko-Beheira Governorate on 30th October 2018. A second Public consultation was held on 27th November 2018 in Kafr El Dawar-Beheira Governorate in order to present the results of the study. The announcement was published on GASCO’s website: (www.gasco.com.eg) and was also published in an official newspaper (El Gomhoria newspaper).

scoping session Second Public consultation

Figure 10-1: Newspaper ad for the tow public consultations in El Gomhoria newspaper

The following topics were presented and raised during the consultation sessions were:  Introduction about GASCO  The proposed new project and proposed routes  Project activities  Scope of the updated ESIA  Anticipated environmental and social impacts, mitigation measures and monitoring plans  Resettlement Policy Framework

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 Terms of Reference of independent consultant to prepare site/route specific ESIA  Terms of Reference of independent consultant to prepare site/route specific Resettlement Action Plan (RAP);  Terms of Reference of independent consultant to prepare due-diligence for associated facilities  Terms of Reference to prepare Quantitative Risk Assessment In the current study, consultation activities were held over two rounds that occurred during the preparation of the site/route specific ESIA and RAP. The consultation process conducted during the preparation of the ESIA and RAP was dynamic and evolving; i.e. it adapted with the nature and expectations of the host community. The process also engaged the local leadership and the parties involved in agriculture activities (such as agricultural cooperatives) so to reach out to various groups among the PAPs. Some consultation activities were conducted with the community people to identify their opinions, inquires, and concerns towards the project.

10.5 Scoping consultation event The public consultation was held in El Beheira Governorate (Teachers Syndicate Club – Edko) on 30th October 2018. The session was moderated by the following:  Two consultants from EcoConServ (environmental and social)  Four representatives of GASCO  Governorate representatives  Two representatives of EEAA (HQ)  EEAA Regional Office representatives  Head of Edko City Authority The list of invitees included EEAA regional branches, environmental offices of the governorates, NGOs, Governmental media centers, and various government employees (Annex 6). In cooperation with the Consultant, invitees were informed of the date and location of the Public Consultation at least two weeks ahead. Participants were invited through:  Invitations sent by GASCO via Faxes and e-mails.  Telephone communication by GASCO and the Consultant.  An advertisement was published in Gomhoryia Newspaper.  Invitations sent by the consultant to governorate stakeholders

10.5.1 Participants Profile The event was conducted on the 30th of October 2018. Ninety-seven (103) people attended the consultation event. They are segregated into 65% males and 35% females.

Table 10-2 - Distribution of participants by profession Distribution of participants according to profession Numbers Percentage Beheira and Alexandria Governorates 3 3%

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Distribution of participants according to profession Numbers Percentage Local Governmental units (District authorities and village 6 5.8% authorities) Agricultural cooperatives and Ministry of Irrigation 6 5.8% Roads & Transportation Directorate 1 1% Rail Way Engineering 1 1% The General Authority for Fisheries and the Chief Fisherman 3 3% Ministry of Environment -Egyptian Environmental Affairs 1 1% Agency (EEAA) Environmental Office within the Governorates 6 5.8% Community Leaders ( Mayors , …….) 7 6.8% Community 37 36.2% Media 2 2% GASCO 15 14.4% EGAS 1 1% Water Co. 2 2% Health Local units 3 3% NGOs 5 5% Consultant EcoConServ 3 3% Total 103 100%

10.5.2 Summary of the Discussions The public consultation began with a welcoming speech by Dr. Azza El Tarabily Env, Protection General Manager - GASCO, who pointed to the activities and the objectives of GASCO Company. GASCO is one of the leading firms of the Petroleum Sector and the Ministry of Petroleum. He also referred to the importance of maximizing the use of clean sources of energy in Egypt. This project is part of the response of the government to connect the natural gas to major industrial projects, meet the growing needs of the energy sector, as well as switch to a clean source of energy to protect the environment and achieve Egypt Vision for Sustainable Development 2030. Dr. Mona Osama Shehab General Manager - EEAA – El Beheira, welcomed all the participants, and stressed on the importance of consultation sessions to provide the opportunity for community discussion on national projects, especially energy projects that help to increase investment projects and development, which helps to improve economic conditions and provide job opportunities. And will support the expansion of the natural gas grid in Middle Egypt. Eng. El Sayed ElKasem Mohamed El Basheer - EEAA, has welcomed the participants He noted the importance of the scoping session to discuss the potential impacts in order for the consultant team to explore during the study. Eng. Hend Kesseba – Environmental Expert EcoConserv Consulting Firm, presented the objective of the session in the context of the project. She gave a background about the project

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then described the routes of the pipelines. Subsequently, she pointed to the potential environmental impacts of the project and the methodology of the ESIA report which will include the mitigations of the environmental and social impacts. Dr. Anan Muhammad – Social Expert EcoConserv Consulting Firm, pointed to the objectives of the social study. She described the project areas where the route of the pipelines will pass through and the positive and negative social impacts of the project. This included discussing the methodology of how the negative social impacts will be mitigated. After the presentations, an open discussion took place where the attendees were given the chance to give their feedback about the ESIA and the issues related to the project.

Figure 10-2: Participants of the session

Figure 10-3: Panel of Speakers

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Figure 10-4: Environmental Expert during the Figure 10-5: Social expert during the presentation presentation

Figure 10-6: Female participants

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Figure 10-7: Comments from the participants

Figure 10-8: GASCO's response to the attendees' questions

Table 10-3: Key comments and concerns raised during the public consultation

Issue Questions and comments Responses

Environmental Representative from Edco Lake Based on the previous experience Impacts Fishermen Association, The General with similar projects, HDD drilling Authority for Fisheries, and the Chief technology will be used to drill under Discussed in chapter Fisherman Edko Lake and fish farms near to the 3, Project Description international coastal road, thus What kind of technology will be preventing any damage to the lake or 5, assessment of used for drilling in Edko Lake . environmental impacts and, fish farms? fish farms HDD pipeline installations have been widely used Compensations in the previous period in GASCO projects, and it is considered the

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(all issues related to Will the construction work near fastest growing trenchless compensations will be to Edko Lake and fish farms construction method today. addressed in a separate affect the Fisheries? In the event of a negative impact on report “RAP”) Will compensation be paid for fish, the farm owner will be that? Will compensation be paid compensated for the fish season to the General Authority for depending on the time period in Fisheries or the owners of fish which the effect occurred. farms? A separate study will be conducted It should be taken into for compensation for both consideration that Edko Lake is agricultural land and fish farms currently being cleared and depending on project impacts. deepened. Drilling under the lake will be carried out with sufficient depth, taking into consideration current and future clean-up work to maintain the safety of the Gas Pipeline.

Laws Representative from Civil society The ESIA study includes a chapter on environmental laws and Discussed in chapter Please implement Law 4 of 1988 regulations to study the negative concerning the extension of effects of this project. This law is 2, Legislative and liquid gas pipelines Regulatory Framework taken into consideration.

Safety Measures Representative from Community Petroleum substances are hazardous People by nature. Risks related to the pipelines cannot be denied. But since What are the safety measures the 70’s not a single accident has for the project? occurred in the natural gas lines except for sabotage. We apply high safety standards. The pipelines are our capital at the company we are keen on protecting them. We are also committed to ensuring the safety of the communities where the lines are passing. We have high safety commitments. We have also conducted three studies for safety. We have an automated scanning system to ensure safety of the lines and identify precisely the location of any problems. The Gas Pipelines is completely insulated at a depth of not less than 2 meters in the ground.

Representative from Alexandria all stake holders concerned with the Health Directorate path of the line are being coordinated with, and a detailed map The infrastructure for water is being made with the facilities connections and sanitation must located on the path of the line to take

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be taken into consideration that into account before starting the before construction begins construction work

Compensations Representative from Civil society, Land owners will be compensated Agricultural directorates and according to the prices of the crops (all issues related to associations, farmers at the agricultural cooperative. compensations and crops GASCO announces the land will be addressed in a What is the policy for requirements for the project. The separate report “ RAP”) compensating land owners value of the compensation is then where the line will be passing? determined according to the crops Will the company buy the land and the duration needed for the or only rent it? construction. In case the areas are Will private consultations be not cultivated they are compensating held with the affected farmers? by under a “passing rent” scheme. Will agreements be made with them on how to receive Consultation sessions will be held compensation? with the farmers in each area, before the start of the construction work sufficient period, and agreements will be concluded with them including compensatory value as is the case in all GASCO projects

Representative from Alexandria Indeed, GASCO coordinates with Agricultural Directorate the directorates of agriculture in the governorates of El-Beheira and Please address the Directorate of Alexandria to address the Agriculture in Alexandria to agricultural associations and form a committee to limit the determine the ownership of the land the project goes through - lands that the line passes, as well as in order to limit the holdings and determine the market value of crops determine them with the limit of and trees according to the season of plantations and trees to estimate agriculture the required compensatory value Will the restoration of GASCO is committed to agricultural land be considered restoring the agricultural land in prior to excavation which the construction work was carried out and returning it to its condition before excavation work began

GASCO is responsible for paying all the costs of Streets rehabilitation or but it is )رد الشئئئئ هصئئئله restoration not responsible for rehabilitating streets.

Route alternatives Representative from EEAA - The EIA study already includes a Discussed in chapter Alexandria Governorate chapter reviews alternatives to the pipeline route, as well as alternatives to the drilling methods will be used

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6, Alternatives Does the EIA study include alternatives to the line route?

GASCO Representative from Civil society There is an ambitious time plan to expand the household natural gas community What is the direct return on the connections. Given that household participation and community of this type of connections are the responsibility of CSR requirements projects other than what was other companies not GASCO. presented positive effects of the GASCO is responsible for operating project? Will there be the national pipelines grid. development projects for the community? Will youth training GASCO Company gives priority to programs be conducted? Will members of the local community. there be a possibility to provide GASCO determines the natural gas to households? specifications of the jobs needed during the construction period and What job opportunities are then gives priority to the community offered to the local community? members for these positions. GASCO will take into consideration all the community needs that have been presented, to be included in the future CSR plan

10.6 Second Public consultation event The second public consultation was conducted on 27th November 2018 in Kafr El Dawar-Beheira Governorate (Venus Hall for celebrations and conferences). The session was moderated by the following:  Two consultants from EcoConServ (environmental and social)  GASCO representative  Governorate representatives  One representatives of EEAA (HQ)  EEAA Regional Office representatives The list of invitees included EEAA regional branches, environmental offices of the governorates, NGOs, governmental media centers, and various government employees (Annex 6). In cooperation with the Consultant, invitees were informed of the date and location of the Public Consultation at least two weeks ahead. Participants were invited through:  Invitations sent by GASCO via Faxes and e-mails.  Telephone communication by GASCO and the Consultant.  An advertisement was published in Gomhoryia Newspaper.  Invitations sent by the consultant to governorate stakeholders

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10.6.1 Participants profile The event was conducted on the 27th November 2018. (166) persons attended the consultation event. They are segregated into 70% males and 30 % females.

Table 10-4: Distribution of participants by profession

Distribution of participants according to profession Numbers Percentage Beheira and Alexandria Governorates 8 5% Local Governmental units (District authorities and village 7 4% authorities) Agricultural cooperatives and Ministry of Irrigation 5 3% Roads & Transportation Directorate 2 1.2% Rail Way Engineering 1 0.6% Ministry of Environment -Egyptian Environmental Affairs 1 0.6% Agency (EEAA) Environmental Office within the Governorates 25 15% Community Leaders ( Mayors , …….) 5 3% The General Authority for Fisheries and the Chief Fisherman 2 1.2% Community 72 44% Media 3 2% EcoConServ 4 2.5% GASCO 12 7% EGAS 1 0.6% World Bank 1 0.6% Water Co. 3 2% Health Local units 2 1.2% NGOs 11 6.5% Total 166 100%

10.6.2 Summary of discussions The event began with opening words from Eng. Saad Bedeir - GASCO Representative, who stated his appreciation for the positive engagement from the audience during the first public consultation. Subsequently, he emphasized that the country’s objective of using clean energy to protect the environment informs the current project. Specifically, GASCO utilizes several environmental units and best available techniques, which demonstrates their commitment to avoiding environmental risks and negative impacts. Lastly, it was highlighted that converting to natural gas is consistent with fulfilling “Egypt Vision for Sustainable Development 2030”. Dr. Mona Osama Shehab General Manager - EEAA – El Beheira, welcomed the participants on behalf of the governorate, He indicated that the governorate will be the entity responsible for monitoring the environmental performance after operation of the line. Hence the governorate will

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coordinate with GASCO during implementation. The current project is one of the major projects that contributes to providing the energy needs and enhancing the national economy. Eng. Ehab Mostafa Hassan - EEAA, welcomed the participants, and indicated that the main objective of the session is to identify the adverse impacts that were concluded from the study as well as explain the mitigation measures. Hend Kesseba - EcoConserv Consulting Firm Environmental Expert, began her presentation with the project description, which included maps of the routes of the pipelines and an explanation of the criteria for choosing said routes. Following this, she went through the findings of the environmental assessment: all samples taken revealed that the project is compliant to national regulations. Lastly, she explained how the negative impacts will be mitigated throughout the different phases of the project. Dr. Anan - EcoConserv Consulting Firm Social Expert, stated the main objectives of the social assessment and gave an overview of its methodology. Subsequently, she presented the findings of the socio-economic baseline and the resettlement action plan. She emphasized that overall the project will bring forward positive impacts for the community. Lastly, the grievance mechanism was explained along with the compensation measures that are expected to take place. The study aims to present mitigation measures to minimize negative impacts. This project is considered project C according to EEAA regulations. It requires a full ESIA as well as two public consultation sessions. The consultant has conducted several field visits as well as measurements and collected samples during preparing of the study. The consultant has presented both the environmental and social impacts during construction and during operation, as well as the ESMP.

After the presentations, an open discussion took place where the attendees were given the chance to give their feedback about the ESIA and the issues related to the project.

Figure 10-9: GASCO presentation of the Figure 10-10: Consulting Firm Environmental project Expert

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Figure 10-11: Panel of Speakers

Figure 10-12: Participants of the session

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Figure 10-13: Comments from the participants

Figure 10-14: Female participants

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Figure 10-15: Director of the Raven gas Figure 10-16: Social Development Officer for pipeline project in response to attendees' the Raven gas pipeline project in response to questions the attendees' questions

Questions and comments: Table 10-5: Key comments and concerns raised during the public consultation Issue Questions and comments Responses

GASCO community Representative from Civil society While is not the role and participation and The oil and gas companies' responsibility of the company, CSR requirements lines pass through the lands GASCO will initiate community investment activities which will aid of Idko and Kufr al-Dawwar. What is the direct benefit of the government in achieving national

these communities? Will job developmental goals. opportunities be provided GASCO will put all the community equally to young people? Will requests under consideration

host communities be The contractor responsible for the supported by development implementation is Petrojet, which plans, and improve living has long experience in the gas

standards? projects, which is responsible for Will the gas be connected to communicating with civil houses in villages located associations and local associations along the line? for applications for employment It is important to activate the during the construction work role of civil society in introducing the project and communicating with the surrounding communities Activities of Representative from Civil society, GASCO company is compliant to all

Construction Phase water and irrigation unit, Kafr El the regulations and instructions it has

Discussed in chapter Dawar City Council been provided by official authorities. Therefore, it should be emphasized 3, Project Description What are the methods used for drilling main roads? that the routes of the pipelines are not arbitrarily chosen. Rather, The necessary permits must GASCO has previously coordinated be obtained before starting with the departments of General excavation activities, as this Utilities unit to ensure that the will take a long period of time, appropriate distance between the gas and may cause disruption of pipeline and the neighboring utilities construction work is taken into consideration. Horizontal Directional Drilling HDD will be relied upon to maintain road safety and non-disruption of traffic, as much as possible. This will be done in accordance with scientific

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Issue Questions and comments Responses procedures to maintain the integrity of the road infrastructure GASCO coordinate with all relevant authorities and obtain the necessary permits before starting excavation activities

Representative from Community The duration of construction is two People, years(24 months), construction will What is the duration of not be done for all the pipeline path construction work for this at the same time, The work will be project? divided according to a schedule (Time plan)

Environmental Representative from Community GASCO company is compliant to all Impacts People, Kafr El Dawar City the regulations and instructions it has

Discussed in chapter 5, Council, and EEAA been provided by official authorities. assessment of environmental Are the routes of the pipelines Therefore, it should be emphasized impacts at an appropriate distance that the routes of the pipelines are from other infrastructure not arbitrarily chosen. Rather, GASCO has previously coordinated underground? with the departments of General What procedures are used to Utilities unit to ensure that the coordinate with all appropriate distance between the gas stakeholders to maintain pipeline and the neighboring utilities existing facilities in the is taken into consideration. project area?

After construction of the GASCO coordinates strongly with all pipeline, it is important to have relevant stakeholders at the governorate strong coordination with the level. We also operate the hotline for any company and the governorate to emergencies and the regular patrolling avoid any emergencies system for monitoring of the route.

What are the methods for We use the watering methods to avoid monitoring and protection negative impacts from dust. against emissions during excavation?

With regards the water used for GASCO applies all relevant regulations measuring pressure, please and requirements from EEAA. ensure compliance with relevant regulations before discharging to WWTP. GASCO is efficient at disclosing Disclosure of Representative from Community information People, information about the project to the community. Moreover, information is received and made available at the

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Issue Questions and comments Responses (all issues related to How can Community People administrative units on a regular disclosure will be addressed have enough information basis. in a separate report about the project “RAP”) GASCO will disclose more information about the project that is presented in clear and simple language.

A first public consultation session was held to study the environmental and social impacts of the project, and a second public consultation session is being held to present the results of the ESIA study.

Then GASCO coordinate with the Agricultural cooperatives to prepare an inventory of the PAPs, and then several consultation sessions will be held with the PAPs (at the time of agreeing on compensatory values - at the time of payment the compensation)

Compensations Representative of the Community In the compensation of trees, tree People, Agricultural cooperatives and age and market price are taken into (all issues related to civil society compensations and crops consideration, in coordination with will be addressed in a Fair compensation for trees agricultural departments and separate report “ RAP”) should be provided, taking agricultural cooperatives in villages into account the age of trees located along the line

Will compensation be given It is important to note that out in a timely manner? construction does not take place over the agricultural land except after compensation occurs. Therefore, Gasco actually waits for all farmers to collect their harvests, compensates them at full replacement cost, and only then does work on the project begin to take place.

Compensation must be made GASCO does not start construction by mutual agreement with the work until compensation is paid, Farmers, not against their will. agreed upon with the farmers Farmers must be notified Consultation sessions will be held before drilling activities begin with the farmers in each area, before the start of the construction work

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Issue Questions and comments Responses long enough to collect their sufficient period, and agreements crops will be concluded with them including compensatory value as is the case in all GASCO projects Farmers are notified before construction work began a period sufficient; so that they can collect the crop, GASCO also pays the value of the crop as a compensatory value Safety measures Representative from EEAA, and GASCO ensure all safety measures and Health Directorate apply the existing requirements of the It is important to add necessary ASME code. We also operate the natural signs to ensure raising awareness gas hotline in case of any problems to be among the community of any reported by the local community in risks. This can be arranged in addition to the regular patrolling of the cooperation with the local line. government units.

Can any damage occur on the GASCO pipelines are controlled by a pipeline for any reason, and software called SCADA. GASCO can it affect other utilities have a trained team at the highest such as electricity? level to deal with emergencies. We apply the ASME code requirements. We also ensure safety through technical requirements such as coating and the depth of the line. We have an electronic scanning system to monitor any problems with the line. Moreover, clear instructions and directions that are legible to the community have been placed to indicate the route of the gas pipeline and a patrolling team passes by to check on them routinely. Any damage in the gas pipeline path does not affect other facilities

10.7 Conclusion  The key message from the consultation events carried out for this project is that the public and government’s acceptance for and support to the project are very strong.  Community people and government expressed their views and concerns with transparency

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 The discussion with the attendees during the public consultations revealed that many of them are confused about some issues:  The difference between the connections of GASCO Company and those of NG to the households. Therefore, the study recommends that GASCO Company have to explain the difference clearly in the second public consultation.  The community people have a mix between O&G projects in Beheira Governorate; where there are many. Some of them talked about projects that are currently being held in their land and have not been compensated for, and started to charge GASCO as one of these companies; while the current project has not yet begun.  The attendees referred to some issues that need the project owner company takes into consideration, these issues are:  The attendees from the local units recommended that the project give priority to community people in case there is a need for workers.  Emphasize the importance of consultation with those affected. Provide fair compensation, especially for fruit and palm trees, In addition to, taking into consideration the age of the trees in the estimation of compensations  The importance of repairing any damage caused to the water or drainage pipes, since it has direct impacts on the community  Put plans and solutions in case the lands owners refuse to deal with the Company (GASCO) and the contractors  Restoring and rehabilitating the streets after the excavation as soon as possible  The need to coordinate with the Roads and Bridges Authority to reduce the impact of drilling work on the major roads, especially (the International coastal road)  Safety measures should increase to ensure that no gas leak occurs  The importance of reducing the adverse impacts on the agricultural lands  The sessions showed that, despite the concerns of some attendees, it was emphasized that the project is important and has a role in achieving development. Attendees agreed that it is a national project, one that belongs to the public.

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11 References  IFC General Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines (EHS)  World Bank Operation Policies and  Guidelines of Principles and Procedures for Environmental Impact Assessment, EEAA, 2nd Edition, January 2009  Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Gas Distribution Systems, IFC and World Bank, 30 April, 2007  Guidelines for oil and gas sector, EEAA, January 2005  World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005.  Urban Development Strategy. Environmental review over Arab Republic of Egypt, Ministry of housing, utilities and urban development, 2010.  www.meteoblue.com/  D1357-95 (Reapproved2000) Standard Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Air  LIFE Integrated Water Resources Management, Task Order No. 802, April 2008, International Resources Group, In association with EPIQ II Consortium  Website of IUCN Red List of Threatened Species  Alexandria and Beheira Environmental Profile, EEAA, 2007  Natural Protectorates Map issued by EEAA, 2013

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