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Study on Chroma Key Shooting Formats

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Study on Chroma Key Shooting Formats Study on Chroma Key Shooting Formats 2 The Quebec Film and Television Council (QFTC) is pleased to present the results of its study on shooting in different formats against colour backgrounds. The study involved 18 QFTC member organizations. This form and level of participation represents a real first for the industry, not only in Greater Montreal, but in Quebec and internationally as well. Throughout the course of our work, we were truly impressed by the devotion of the organizations involved in helping us meet the formidable challenge posed by this mandate. Over a period of 10 months, they participated actively in the shooting and postproduction phases, dedicating their personnel to testing the integration of computer-generated images into 350 mini-clips. The present document presents a detailed review of the processes employed in each phase of the project — from the original idea, through its execution and conclusion. We sincerely hope that the findings will help the Quebec visual effects industry enhance its competitiveness on the international scene. The knowledge gained will also be transferred via various academic training programs. Thus, current VFX professionals and those preparing to enter the sector will all have ready access to this new body of knowledge. In conclusion, I would like to take this opportunity to underline the quality of the work accomplished by the entire team, as well as to thank the financial backers who provided us with their invaluable support throughout the course of this project. Hans Fraikin National Commissioner and Executive Director of the Cluster 3 Thanks to all our collaborators! Public Contributors Private Contributors With the support of: 4 5 Table of Contents SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 10 PROJECT OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................................. 10 GENESIS OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................................................................... 10 TECHNOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................................... 11 1. cameras ........................................................................................................................................... 11 A. Film Camera ................................................................................................................................ 12 B. Digital Camcorders (multi-sensor) .............................................................................................. 12 C. Digital Camcorders (single-sensor) ............................................................................................. 12 D. Framing ....................................................................................................................................... 13 E. Recording Formats ...................................................................................................................... 13 F. Recording Media ......................................................................................................................... 13 2. COLOUR BACKDROPS ...................................................................................................................... 14 A. Choice of Colours ........................................................................................................................ 14 B. Choice of Light Source ................................................................................................................. 15 C. Subject (foreground) ................................................................................................................... 15 D. Plate (background) ...................................................................................................................... 15 3. SHOOTING METHODS ..................................................................................................................... 16 A. Lighting ........................................................................................................................................ 16 B. Shot Exposure ............................................................................................................................. 16 C. Shooting Sequences .................................................................................................................... 16 D. Exposure and Duration of Sequences ......................................................................................... 17 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 18 1. FILM PROCESSING ........................................................................................................................... 18 2. DIGITAL DATA MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................ 18 A. Digital Format.............................................................................................................................. 18 B. File Format .................................................................................................................................. 18 C. Distribution Media ...................................................................................................................... 18 3. Compositing .................................................................................................................................... 18 A. Analysis Grid ................................................................................................................................ 19 B. Evaluation Scale .......................................................................................................................... 19 C. Software Employed ..................................................................................................................... 20 D. Collection of Results .................................................................................................................... 20 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................................... 21 * THIS SECTION SECTION IS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST FOR QFTC MEMBERS ONLY ........................... 21 AND AT THE RATE OF $ 500 FOR NON-MEMBERS .............................................................................. 21 6 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 21 * THIS SECTION SECTION IS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST FOR QFTC MEMBERS ONLY ........................... 21 AND AT THE RATE OF $ 500 FOR NON-MEMBERS * ........................................................................... 21 APPENDIX 1 – Participants AND CONTRIBUTORS ....................................................................................... 22 APPENDIX 2 – TECHNICAL CAMERA DATA .................................................................................................. 25 APPENDIX 3 – RECORDING FORMATS AND MEDIA .................................................................................... 26 APPENDIX 4 – ANALYSIS PROTOCOL ........................................................................................................... 27 1. TEST SET .......................................................................................................................................... 27 2. nomenclature .................................................................................................................................. 28 3. ANALYSIS PARAMETERS .................................................................................................................. 29 4. SCORING .......................................................................................................................................... 29 5. DETAILED ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................ 30 A. Matte Density ............................................................................................................................. 31 B. Contour Detail ............................................................................................................................. 32 C. Light on the Contours ................................................................................................................. 32 D. Grain or Noise ............................................................................................................................. 32 E. Occlusion ..................................................................................................................................... 33 F. Transparencies ............................................................................................................................ 33 G. Suppression ................................................................................................................................. 34
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