ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) SUMMARY

1. Introduction

The project proposed for Bank financing consists in the construction of a new Sidi Abbou dam on the Leben Wadi situated in Commune, Province.

Based on the Integrated Safeguards System (ISS), the project was classified in Category I since its development will cause the physical and/or economic expropriation of over 200 people alongside the flooding of about 590 ha of agricultural land, the displacement of 72 households and loss of livelihoods for 930 people, about 30% of whom are women. The project was subject to Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), accompanied by a Framework Land Acquisition and Project Affected Persons Compensation Plan (PCATI-PAP). This document is the summary ESIA.

2. Project Description and Rationale

The future site of the Sidi Abbou dam is located in the upstream section of the Leben Wadi, a right- bank tributary of the Inaouene Wadi, about 4.4 km straight upstream towards Ras El Wadi, in Ain Maatouf Commune in (at coordinates: X = 584,950 m; Y = 424,620 m)

The BCR-weight-type embankment will be 61 m high with crest length of 115 m and impoundment of about 830 ha (8.33 km2) with capacity of 198 Mm3.

The annual rate of silting of the Sidi Abbou dam site was estimated at 0.422 Mm3/year, equivalent to an unusable storage of 21.1 Mm3 for a period of 50 years. It will allow for regulating an annual volume of 84 Mm3, with an average deficit of 4.1%.

The construction of the Sidi Abbou dam is part of implementation of the Sebou Basin Integrated Water Resources Development Master Plan (PDAIRE) and the priority programme carried out by the Department of Water of the Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics and Water (METLE). It will help to increase the basin’s storage capacity, build its resilience to climate change impacts and sustainably respond to water needs. Furthermore, it will help to reduce sea-bound losses, offer the possibility of interconnection with other water basins (as part of the huge North-to-South water transfer project), protect downstream urban centres and the Gharb plain (irrigation scheme) from flooding and offer a potential for hydropower generation.

Apart from the above objectives, the dam’s construction will also serve to develop other projects in the area such as the Leben Wadi irrigation scheme downstream of the dam, generate electricity with the likelihood of a power plant being installed and improve rural drinking water supply in Taounate and Provinces.

3. Political, Legal and Administrative Framework

3.1 Applicable National Regulatory Instruments

Morocco’s regulatory framework has several laws governing environmental protection and water management.

Law 11-03 on environmental protection and development (Dahir 1-03-59 of 19 June 2003) sets out the general environmental protection framework and broad principles such as polluter-pays and

1 authorized discharge levels. With regard to project environmental assessments, Law No. 12-03 on environmental impact assessments, after the definition of environmental concepts, specifies the goal and content of environmental impact assessments. Next, it presents the National Committee and regional committees on environmental impact assessments responsible for reviewing the assessments and giving their opinion on the project’s acceptability. Pursuant to this law, the project is subject to an EIA to be submitted to the national committee for review and opinion on its environmental acceptability.

Law No. 36-15 on water governs the management of water nationwide as well as its mobilization and preservation. It contains legal and regulatory provisions for the integrated, decentralized and participatory management of water resources. One of the key aspects of this law in terms of water resource management is the provision that water is to be managed within geographic units (water basin) which allows for designing and implementing decentralized water management.

National regulations on projects were strengthened with the adoption in 2015 of Law No. 30-15 on the security of dams, which sets rules on dam security to ensure the protection of people and goods against risks associated with the presence of these structures.

This non-exhaustive list is completed by other laws such as Law No. 7-81 on expropriation in the public interest and temporary occupation, the laws governing waste management (28-00), air quality (13-03), soil protection and rehabilitation (Dahir 1-69-170 of 25 July 1969) and Law No. 65-99 instituting the Labour Code, etc.

3.2 Institutional Framework

Environmental protection matters are managed by the Ministry of Energy, Mines and Sustainable Development (MEMDD) via its Secretariat of State in charge of Sustainable Development. In addition to the project developer, the Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics and Water through the Department of Water and the Sebou Water Basin Agency (ABH), the project’s institutional framework involves:

§ the Ministry of Agriculture, Maritime Fisheries, Rural Development, Water and Forestry (MAPMDREF), including Forestry Conservation, for land certificates, in case of registered land and houses;

§ the High Commission for Water, Forestry and Fight against Desertification (HCEFLCD);

§ the Ministry of the Interior;

§ ONEE,

§ the Administrative Evaluation Commission, which determines the value of properties to be expropriated;

§ the Ministry of Habous and Islamic Affairs;

§ the Land Registry Services for land certificates in case of registered land and houses.

§ the Caisse De Dépôt De Gestion (the Deposits Management Fund – CDG); in case of legal action, (if the expropriating and expropriated parties fail to reach amicable

2

settlement), the expropriator (METLE) deposits the compensation funds with the CDG for the purpose of taking possession by legal action.

3.3 African Development Bank’s (AfDB’s) Safeguard Policies Applicable to this Project

In accordance with the Integrated Safeguards System, the following operational safeguards apply to the project:

- Operational Safeguard 1: The investment project is subject de facto to environmental and social assessment.

- Operational Safeguard 2: Involuntary Resettlement, Land Acquisition, Population Displacement and Compensation: The project will lead to land acquisition and compensations as a result of construction works and impoundment of the dam;

- Operational Safeguard 4: Pollution Prevention and Control, Greenhouse Gases, Hazardous Materials and Resource Efficiency : The project works might lead to various forms of pollution especially during the construction phase

- Operational Safeguard 5: Labour Conditions, Health and Safety: The project will induce health and safety risks.

4. Description of the Project Environment

4.1 Definition of the Study Area

The project’s directly impacted area corresponds to the area that will be flooded by the dam waters. The indirect impact area and the directly affected area, consist of:

• Borrow areas of materials used to construct the planned structures,

• Areas affected by worksite installation and corresponding construction works;

• The dam’s downstream area, corresponding to the Leben wadi irrigation scheme, will receive irrigation water from the future dam.

4.2 Description of the Physical Environment

The climate in the project area is sub-humid, characterized by significant rainfall with an annual average of 520 mm/year, measured at the Tissa station, and average monthly temperatures of about 11.9 °C in January and 28.9°C in summer. The Sidi Abbou dam is situated for the most part on marnopelitic land, with a bottom filled with coarse silt and gravel alluvium. The site is marked by its cliff-shaped morphology, characterized by a limestone-dolomitic rock.

The project will be situated on the upstream stretch of Leben Wadi, the right-bank tributary of Inaouene Wadi. It commands a land area of 1,200 km2 with average annual inputs registered at the Tissa station of about 114 Mm3. Groundwater resources in the study area are very limited due to the predominance of impermeable marl formations of no hydro-geological significance, except the alluvial terrace of the Leben Wadi, linked to the underflows of this wadi.

Regarding water quality, there are no potential salt-bearing deposits upstream of the dam and, with the measures taken as part of technical studies, it can be claimed that the mineralogical quality of

3 the future dam waters will be good and fit for agricultural use as well as for drinking water production.

With regard to the biological environment, the study area is undergoing strong human pressure, with the presence of varied matorral and open areas occupied by grain and legume crops, olive and fig plantations. On analysis, these areas do not have protected, rare or endangered faunal and floral species or zones of ecosystem significance.

4.4 Description of the Human Environment

Population:

The study area covers two provinces – Taounate and Taza. The table below presents the communes directly affected and the communes indirectly affected.

Table 1: Administrative Division of the Impact Area

Province Communes of the Indirect Communes of the Direct Impact Area Impact Area Taounate Ain Mediouna Ain Maatouf Ain Maatouf Tissa Sidi Mohammed Ben Lahcen Taza Msila Arbaa El Fouki Bni Frassen Brarha Taineste

The communes found in the restricted impact area are Ain Maatouf, Ain Mediouna, Brarha and Bni Frassen. According to the last GPHC of 2014, the population of communes in the indirect impact area is about 157,173 with about 928 people directly affected by the dam project.

Economic Activities:

Agriculture is the economic mainstay of the study area, followed by trade and handicrafts. The usable farm area (UFA) in indirectly impacted communes is estimated at about 92,000 ha, while the UFA directly flooded by the dam is about 590 ha. The crop rotation system in the UFA is dominated by cereals (62%), followed by leguminous plants (7%). Tree growing is dominated by the olive tree (13% of UFA). Stockbreeding is a major activity mainly involving small herds of cattle, sheep and goats. The sheep population is moderately high, standing at about 2,550 head.

Except for farm products, communes in the impact area get supplies of goods from neighbouring towns and weekly rural souks. Local trade, which is represented by small retailers operating in small shops at the level of some douars, has also developed in the municipalities of the area of influence.

Handicraft is very developed with solid skills and a diversified production of embroidery, carpet- making, handloom weaving, sculpture and basketwork products.

4

Industry is still poorly developed and is essentially represented by traditional, semi-modern and modern olive-crushing plants and small-scale mills. There are about 660 traditional maasras (oilseed crushing mills) in the impact area.

Access to Basic Socio-economic Services:

The rural electrification rate in Taza and Taounate Provinces is about 98% at end-2018 and 100% in the direct impact area where about 400 douars are electrified.

The enrolment rate among children aged 7 to 12 years in Taza and Taounate provinces is 73.6% and 61.4% respectively. The enrolment rate in rural areas is estimated at 37.2% for Taounate province and 38.7% for . Both provinces have more than 1,260 schools, 55% of them in Taza Province. The direct impact area has one primary school in the Rouf douar. The school has 6 grades and about 90 pupils.

Taounate province has 75 health facilities: 44 communal health centres and 26 rural dispensaries; while Taza province has 75 units: 34 communal health centres and 29 rural dispensaries. There is no health facility in the direct impact area.

The accessibility rate was 55% in Taounate province and 70% in Taza province, but is expected to rise to 75% upon completion of the National Rural Roads Plan II. The roads directly concerned by the project are:

- National Road RN8 towards Taounate.

- RP 5320, between and Ain Maatouf, then from RP 5333 towards the dam site. This road, from Ain Aicha, is in a state of disrepair and access from RP 5333 to the dam site is by a track that needs to be developed to enable the movement of construction machines.

- RP 5320 between Ain Aicha and Ain Maatouf to reach the dam and Lebene wadi. This road is also used by the population of the opposite bank (Dhar Said and Rouf) who have to cross Lebene wadi to get to Ain Maatouf.

- In the direct impact area, a section of RP5402 will be flooded, which will warrant it to be deviated.

5. Main Potential Impacts

5.1 Summary of Positive Impacts during the Construction and Operational Phases

The Sidi Abbou dam project’s direct and indirect positive impacts are:

Direct Positive Impacts

- More efficient management of water resources in the Sebou basin, to address climate change and avoid the loss of surface water into the sea;

- Protection of the Gharb plain against floods, ensuring the protection of some 463,835 people across 20 communes in three provinces – Kénitra, Sidi Kacem and Sidi Slimane.

5

- Creation of temporary jobs for the local population during dam construction works. The number of workers could be up to 450.

Indirect Positive Impacts

- Use of dam waters for irrigation of 4,600 ha in the Leben wadi irrigation area; about 34,939 people will benefit from this project being studied (final design stage).

- Participation in the drinking water supply of the region’s rural population.

- Participation in the production of hydropower.

- Creation of a wetland. This indirect positive impact is what characterizes the effect the dam lake will create in terms of enriching biodiversity and improving its environment.

These are positive indirect impacts induced by the dam’s impoundment, which are significant at local, regional and national levels.

5.2 Summary of Main Negative Impacts during the Construction Phase

Impacts on the Area to be Flooded

The main irreversible impacts the project will cause on the area to be flooded by the future impoundment are the relocation of the population and the loss of goods (developed land, houses, social and cultural facilities, etc.). More precisely, the construction of the dam will induce:

- The displacement of 72 households with 380 inhabitants, and the loss of the livelihoods of 930 people, 30% of them women.

- Flooding of about 590 ha of agricultural land:

• the status of all the land is Melk (private), 6 ha being held collectively. About 2 ha. of the areas have the status of Habous.

• the irrigated area represents over 60% of the flooded agricultural land. The land is generally irrigated by individual wells situated at the wadi or through saguia (case of Rouf douar).

• 69% of the flooded agricultural land is in Rouf douar in Brarha Commune, followed by Lamghara douar in Ain Maatouf Commune, and lastly Dhar Said douar in the Beni frassen Commune.

• Cereals take up the largest portion of land, 60%. In Rouf douar, leguminous plants are rotated with cereals.

• Market gardening and fodder occupy 13% and 3% of the total land area respectively.

• The rate of agricultural intensification is about 94%.

6

• Tree growing mostly concerns olives (87%) while pomegranate, fig, almond, vine and other plantations make up the rest. The total number of vines is over 42,500: 35,500 feet for olives and about 7,000 for the other plantations.

• The livestock population stands at about 800 heads; goats account for 54% of the total, with 433 head; cattle comes second with 223 head, or 28%, followed by horses (89 head) and goats (41 head), or 12% and 6% of the total number respectively.

Affected infrastructures are summarized in the following table:

Douar Infrastructure Characteristics /Equipment Lamghara Individual wells 3 Cemeteries 1 Dhar Said Individual wells 6 Cemeteries 1 Errouf Individual wells 37 Collective wells 2 wells for irrigation Saguia 8 km of developed seguia to irrigate the Bni Mhamed irrigation scheme upstream the reservoir; this seguia is 40 cm high and wide;

Béni Mhamed school § 90 pupils (50% girls), § Six grades, § 2 toilets, § 5 classrooms, § 1 restaurant, § Staff quarters (3 apartments) Drinking water One well 6 m deep and 1.2 m in diameter; supply system A pumping station, comprising the following equipment: § Electrically powered submersible pump; § An S3D-type flow stabilizer; § A triple-function air vent; § One manometer ; § A metre (including a filter to protect it); § A dosage pump for chlorination; § Two valves; § A 50l surge suppressor; § An electrical equipment box; § An equipment room with fence; A PEHD DN 63 discharge pipe 500 m long; A raised 30m3 reservoir with fence; A PEHD DN 63 distribution main, 1 km long; Two simple standpipes with two taps. Cemetery 1 Mosque 1 recently constructed mosque

7

Oilseed crushing 1 modern oilseed mill mills 12 traditional maasras Stores/sheds 1 traditional mill Seven trading premises Five douar cafés

Impacts of construction works

In addition to impacts linked to the pre-construction phase, the following activities are concerned:

• Creation of access to the construction site;

• Alteration of the sound climate and landscape in and around areas used by worksite installations;

• Average and ad hoc increase of traffic on access roads.

Dam construction will create disturbances on the physical and human environments due to construction works estimated to span a period of 5 years. The following table summarizes the construction phase impacts and their assessment.

8

Table 2 : Summary of construction phase impacts

Environment Description of impact Impact assessment Physical environment – Emission of airborne particles and exhaust gases due to: Temporary negative impact of local impact on air quality scope • An increase in the movement of construction machines and the vehicles of workers Low significant impact • Earthworks necessary for the development of access roads to the works area • The transit of heavy-duty and other trucks through the local road network and access roads to works sites, in particular if vehicles move on unpaved access roads • Excavations and other activities aimed at the construction of foundations, the loading and offloading of trucks and the storage of soil and other materials in works areas Physical environment – • Creation and development of access roads to the construction site Temporary negative impact of local physical alteration of rocks scope and soils • Excavation of foundations Low significant impact • Earthmoving These activities have a direct impact on the use and characteristics of the soil on the affected land. Soil fragmentation and compaction increases its mechanical resistance, destroys and weakens its structure, thereby reducing its total porosity and macro-porosity. The consequence is that in the absence of plant cover, the soil becomes more vulnerable to erosion. Physical environment – • Accidental spills of hydrocarbons and hazardous products Temporary negative impact of local Risk of soil and subsoil scope contamination • Poor waste management (liquid effluents and solid wastes) Moderate significant impact These practices can alter soil and subsoil quality. Toxic pollution can reach groundwater and jeopardize the health of downstream users. Physical environment – • Accidental spills of hydrocarbons and dangerous products and poor waste management Temporary negative impact of local alteration of water quality scope of the Wadi • Movement of equipment and materials Moderate significant impact • Construction of deviations, stop logs, etc. • Choice of spots for the preparation of materials, etc. These activities can alter the quality of the Leben wadi water, due to an increase in suspended materials, the discharge of pollutants, etc. Physical environment – • Clearing of temporary occupation zones Temporary negative impact of local alteration of the vegetation scope of the works sites • Clearing of access roads, Low significant impact • On land likely to be occupied by works, the vegetation involves crops grown in the study area Human environment § Noise, dust and exhaust gas emissions Temporary negative impact of local scope § Infringement of the private properties of the local population Moderate significant impact § Risk on the security of the local population and their livestock

9

5.3 Summary of Main Negative Impacts in the Operational Phase

The impacts identified during the dam’s operational phase mainly concern cases of non-compliance with the environmental flows to be released from the dam, which can cause:

- A rise in water salinity in the part of the Leben wadi lying between the dam and the Lahmer wadi;

- A negative impact on the dam’s downstream aquatic biological environment with loss of habitats and transportation of smaller quantities of organic matter and minerals towards the downstream section.

The following risks might lead to the poor management of environmental flows:

- Risks on the quality of water supplied by the dam. The main risk identified is linked to pollution by vegetable water, particularly with the project region’s olive-growing potential;

- Risks on dam water quality linked to accidental pollution at the level of the impoundment;

- Risks on dam security;

- Risk of drowning of the local population.

6 Mitigation/Enhancement Measures and Complementary Initiatives

6.1 Mitigation Measures

Ø Measures to Mitigate Impacts on the Zone to be Flooded

For project-affected populations (PAP), a framework plan for land acquisition and compensation of project-affected persons (PCATI-PAP) was prepared alongside the environmental and social impact assessment. The PCATI-PAP proposes the general framework, guidelines and procedures for implementing land acquisition and PAP compensation operations. On completion of technical studies defining the exact right-of-way of dam easements and the reservoir (land use studies), a land acquisition and compensation plan will be prepared (LAP).

The main conclusions of PCATI-PAP are as follows (1):

- Cash compensation is the best option preferred by both the expropriator (METLE) and project affected persons. Only about 3% of the interviewed population is ready to accept the replacement of their land.

- Compensations must comply with the following AfDB guidelines:

§ Give the rightful claimants the opportunity to choose among several compensation methods;

1 See PCATI-PAP and the summary published by the Bank 10

§ Cash compensation must include an allocation to offset the loss of associated revenue in periods when seeds and plants are not productive or at the period of rebuilding of their trades;

§ Cash compensation must also include a resettlement assistance, especially costs linked to relocation and transfer of activity;

§ Other compensation methods are the replacement of land with other land or the development of community projects such as agricultural schemes, the construction of wells, boreholes or irrigation systems, the development and structuring of stable income-generating activities, etc.

§ For collective land situated in Aïn Maatouf, prioritise the replacement of such land by other land. It is recommended that DAR (Ministry of the Interior), which has supervisory authority over such land, strive to identify land that is at least similar. Negotiation should be conducted with the host and displaced communities. Negotiation will focus more on how to integrate new users and transfer rights from one group to another.

§ The cut-off date for eligibility can be considered as the two-month period from the date of publication of the draft transfer deed in the OG (Official Gazette) and other journals.

§ The Administrative Assessment Commission is the entity tasked with assessing the value of assets and products. It sets these values based on the current market prices;

§ Social support can be envisaged in the form of technical assistance of the Department of Water to facilitate LAP implementation and stakeholder sensitization;

§ The setting up of a local Complaints Management Committee to mediate if the Department of Water fails to meet the expectations of a PAP following a complaint (see paragraph on the complaints management mechanism). It will comprise representatives from (i) the local administrative authority (Caid), (ii) the Department of Water; and (iii) PAPs (elected and firm tasked with social support).

§ Consultations must be conducted before and during the expropriation process.

Compensation measures for flooded infrastructure will consist in relocating or rebuilding them away from the reservoir at chosen spots to ease access for the population concerned. These actions depend on the new route of the paved road and also entail solving the problem of inaccessibility, which will become worse with the dam’s impoundment.

It is proposed that a 10-km detour of the douar Errouf route, linking Bni Frassen to Brarha, be created to serve the local population.

Ø Measures to Mitigate Construction Phase Impacts

Measures to mitigate the impacts of the dam construction phase are summarized in the following table:

11

Residual Environment Element Mitigation Measure Impact Establishment of signage Temporary and permanent Respect of works areas Insignificant occupation Restoration of adequate uses for each affected area and restoration of affected soils

Periodic overhaul of incoming vehicles Prohibition of fire on site Marginally Atmosphere Speed limit at 30-40 km/h significant Regular water of tracks by tank trucks

Limitation of activities involving significant field movements, during very windy periods

Respect of natural drainage zones Establishment of retention tanks for dangerous products Sealing of intervention and vehicle maintenance areas Establishment of sceptic tanks for the collection of waste water Marginally Hydrology Adequate management of worksite wastes significant Laying out of an adequately-sized bay in appropriate places to evacuate waste water from the cleaning of concrete vessels

Restoration of the correct location of materials

Establishment, if necessary, of stabilization measures against landslides and falling rocks Creation of compliant earth banks Geology, Preparation of a temporary land use plan, materials and machines geomorphology Placement of materials and machines in areas of low geological and geomorphological sensitivity Insignificant and soils Physical Use of materials coming from authorized quarries environment Reuse of excavated earth on site

Decompaction and strengthening of land used temporarily for works before revegetation at a depth Soil of 10 to 20 cm. conservation Respect of movement zones on site Insignificant and restoration On-site management of non-reusable excavated materials

Training of staff on procedures to follow, in case of an incident (accidental spill or discharge of polluting liquids and/or substances)

Risks of soil and Establishment of an easy and rapid cleaning system (rapid-action absorbing fluids) to be deployed water pollution in case of accidental spill Insignificant and contamination Compliance with requirements for the management of hazardous wastes Putting in place of necessary facilities for the collection of polluting liquids, comprising sedimentation and/or neutralizing basins. Laying out of an appropriately sized basin at appropriate places to evacuate wastewater from concrete basins. Sealing of intervention and vehicle maintenance zones Proper storage of wastes Compliant storage of chemical products, fuels, lubricants and paints Waste Insignificant management Adequate management of worksite wastes

Adequate and frequent cleaning of works sites

12

Use of areas without natural vegetation, for auxiliary purposes Limitation of cleared zones to the strict minimum for the proper conduct of the project. Vegetation Insignificant Biotic For revegetation works, use exclusively native species. environment Revegetation of all land used temporarily for works Respect of the most sensitive periods for fauna and avifauna (in particular during use of Fauna explosives) Insignificant Sensitization of workers on environmental preservation overall Respect of norms governing the speed of vehicles plying the access roads and on the worksite (30-40 km/h). Respect of working hours around inhabited areas from 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m... Location of materials storage areas, machine park lots, dumps and other auxiliary services sectors away from inhabited zones. Marginally Population Limitation of the simultaneous conduct of two or more particularly noisy activities significant Correction of dangerous situations on the site, before leaving the place Surveillance of the site, even at night. Respect of safety instructions during organized visits of the site Human and Presence of an emergency plan of action and posting on site socio- economic Training of staff on health safety standards in force environment Construction Marginally Use of materials and specific safety instructions for staff, adequate PPEs site workers significant Obligatory wearing of a safety harness systematically attached to an anchor for works at a height.

Information of all services concerned, especially about access to properties near the construction site and in the centre of douars close to the worksite. Infrastructure Insignificant Works signage placed at all main and secondary road junctions and in the infrastructure concerned. Cultural Sensitization of worksite employees and stakeholders on aspects linked to cultural heritage Insignificant heritage Archaeological control during works, mostly during the initial phase of earthworks Socio-economic Recruitment of local labour context

Ø Measures to Mitigate Negative Impacts during the Dam’s Operational Phase

Measures to mitigate and avoid the risk of pollution and preserve dam water quality have to do with implementing the following actions:

- Define protection areas of the dam impoundment;

- Put in place a plan to clean up vegetation water at the level of the catchment of the dam;

- Establish an intervention plan in case of accidental pollution;

- Perform partial draining of deep water layers in autumn;

- Introduce plankton-eating fish capable of consuming large quantities of algae (carp, with about 130,000 fingerlings);

- Control erosion, through reforestation and control of soil use;

- Install floating booms at the dam for intervention in the event of accidental pollution.

13

Mitigation measures for aspects linked to the security of the dam and the local population:

- Conduct of a dam security study;

- Conduct of a study on how to manage the high water level of the dam;

- Sensitization on the risks of drowning for the local population;

- Establishment of adequate signage forbidding swimming;

- Guarding of the reservoir and dam.

6.2 Social Enhancement Measures and Complementary Initiatives

To strengthen the future dam’s role in regional socio-economic development and have the upstream population benefit from the positive spinoffs of this development, we propose the following support measures to help participatory implementation of the project.

- Creation of temporary jobs during the construction phase of the dam and its related structures. Local labour will be prioritized during recruitment by the works contractor.

- The holding of specific consultations on the different planned developments (relocation of social facilities, layout of the road and necessary access roads, between the banks of the reservoir, at the Rouf douar) with the population of the douars.

- Establishment of a complaints management mechanism;

- Sensitization of the population around the reservoir on land stability and absence of any risk of possible landslide.

6.3 Management of Residual Impacts and Environmental Risks

Occupational accidents can occur during the dam construction phase, even after taking into consideration all mitigation measures and putting in place a worksite health and safety management system. Managing this risk is linked to addressing key risks of worksite activities and evasive action as well the emergency plan in case of accident to be established on the site.

The risks to be managed during the dam’s operational phase are:

- the security of the structure. This is governed legally by Law No. 30-15 on the security of dams which sets rules on dam security, to ensure the protection of the population and goods against risks associated with the presence of these structures. ABHS will conduct this study and that on the management of the high water-levels of the dam, after its impoundment.

- the risks on the quality of dam waters: actions to be implemented are the following:

• Design a master plan and decontaminate the banks in the dam’s catchment area;

• Delineate protection areas of the future dam’s reservoir;

14

• Prepare a map on the risk of accidental pollution of the reservoir;

• Regulate movement in risky areas;

• Put in place protective rails in certain sections and bends overhanging the reservoir and watercourses upstream of the dam site;

• Provide floating booms.

- Risks of eutrophication of the reservoir:

• Perform partial draining of deep water layers in autumn;

• Introduce plankton-eating fish capable of consuming the abundant algae;

• Perform artificial ventilation of the reservoir;

• Control erosion, through reforestation and control of land use ;

• Control sources of pollution.

7 Surveillance/Monitoring of the Environmental and Social Management Plan and ESMP Cost

7.1 Surveillance Programme

Surveillance activities seek the effective implementation of mitigation measures during the construction phase, to be incorporated in bidding documents (BD), contract specifications, and general or special conditions.

The Department of Water, pursuant to the technical assistance contract planned by the project, will recruit:

• Social Development Expert, for a level of effort of 230 man/days;

• Expert in Participatory Approach, for a level of effort of 90 man/days;

• Gender Expert, for a level of effort of 80 man/days;

• Environmental, Social and HSE Aspects Monitoring Expert, for a level of effort of 300 man/days.

The responsibilities of each of the proposed experts are presented in the following table.

Table 3: Responsibilities of TA Experts to CA (Contracting Authority)

Profile Responsibilities Social Development Expert • Information and consultation of PAPs ; • Assistance in the formulation and registration of complaints and monitoring the processing of complaints; • Half-yearly reporting on RAP implementation progress to AfDB;

15

• Identification and monitoring of projects for the reconstruction of impacted socio-economic infrastructure and community development projects. Expert in Participatory Approach • Implementation of SEP actions listed in the RAP; • Coordination of information and consultation meetings • Formulation of the opinions of local populations and stakeholders on the design and reconstruction of impacted infrastructure and community development projects. Gender Expert • Implementation of gender-related actions listed in the RAP; • Proposal of community development projects based on the opinions expressed by women and vulnerable groups; • Assistance to vulnerable persons and monitoring of their compensation. Environmental, Social and HSE • Involvement in all the approaches of environmental and social management Aspects Monitoring Expert linked to the ESMP; • Implementation of the stakeholder communication plan; • Provision of training on ESMP to all stakeholders (articulation of the ESMP, actors and responsibilities, scope of measures, etc.); • Monthly meeting with the HSSE Officer of the construction contractor; • Monitoring and control of the implementation of ESMP environmental and social measures. • Half-yearly reporting of ESMP activities to the Department during the construction phase; • Implementation and monitoring of the progress of mitigation and support measures entrusted to the Department. • Ensure the handing-over to the future project manager during the operational phase.

The following table summarizes surveillance activities during the construction phase.

16

Table 3: Environmental Surveillance Programme during the Construction Phase

ENVIRONMENTAL FREQUENCY OF ASPECT TO CONTROL INDICATORS RESPONSIBLE PARTY COSTS ELEMENT/MEASURE CONTROL PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY USES Demarcation of works Adequate signage of the works area and junction with Verify the good state of markings Weekly zones and access access roads INCLUDED IN CONTRACTOR/CA THE COST Respect of Existence of uses unauthorized by the established Verify that the established zoning is respected 2 times per week OF WORKS established zoning zoning PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Reduce atmospheric pollution through exhaust Revision of technical vehicle inspection forms 2 times per month gases INCLUDED IN Atmosphere Reduce immediate atmospheric pollution by dust CONTRACTOR/CA THE COST Existence of excessive dust in works zones Daily OF WORKS Ad hoc and localized increase in airborne particles Speed of machines Dust emanation, GPS indication Daily

Limit to the maximum actions affecting the natural Adequate signage of the works zone drainage network for surface and groundwater Control of storage Daily Establish a drainage network for worksite waters Control of evacuation channels of construction site Daily INCLUDED IN Hydrology and connect it to the natural network waters CONTRACTOR/CA THE COST Avoid introducing suspended materials in the local Existence of inadequately stored materials that can OF WORKS hydrographic network and verify how solid and liquid 2 times per week create contaminations wastes are managed Presence of a waste water collection and treatment Treat worksite waste water Daily system Limit the creation of tracks not needed by the Non-respect of the movement plan envisaged in the worksite project. Stabilize the tracks created, slopes with a risk of Geology, Control the stability of talus slopes Ongoing supervision INCLUDED IN mudslide and existing or created talus slopes geomorphology and CONTRACTOR/CA THE COST Non-concordance of areas to be stripped with zones soils Limit the land surface used OF WORKS marked for that purpose Ongoing supervision of all Verify that land movements include stripping Adequacy of the depth of stripping stripping activities

17

Verify that plant cover is conserved to maintain soil Inadequate storage of topsoil Bi-monthly control integrity Supervision on completion Restore the topsoil of used land Non-respect of instructions of rehabilitation Non-respect of land movements envisaged by the Respect the land movement plan Ongoing supervision project Avoid introducing hydrocarbons in the hydrographic Control of the presence of oil or fuel stains on the network or in the soil ground CONTRACTOR/CA Daily Existence of inadequately stored materials Risks of soil and water Avoid introducing waste water contaminated by INCLUDED IN pollution and pollutants THE COST Control of the location of solid and liquid wastes and contamination Bi-weekly control OF WORKS hazardous substances Presence of rapid absorption substances (pine barks Bi-monthly Provide equipment to control spills or absorbent rollers) Minimize the production of wastes on the site Existence of erroneously stored or identified wastes Daily CONTRACTOR/CA INCLUDED IN Waste management Manage and store wastes properly Existence of erroneously stored or identified wastes Daily THE COST Presence of decontaminated wastes in and out of OF WORKS Manage wastes from decontamination Daily works sites BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Control the marking of brush clearing zones Daily

Select areas with less natural vegetation or with Inappropriate marking of the area to be cleared INCLUDED IN Daily during clearing tasks Vegetation and fauna vegetation having the least possible ecological value CONTRACTOR/CA THE COST OF WORKS Weekly, during Replant vegetation on the land Non-respect of the planned schedule rehabilitation HUMAN AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Non-respect of the legal emissions limits (EHS Daily, when works are Respect standards in force concerning the noise Directives) conducted less than 500 m rate from zones Night-time work is done close to inhabited zones. INCLUDED IN Population Non-respect of established instructions CONTRACTOR/CA THE COST Respect instructions to ensure public safety Daily OF WORKS Verification of necessary permits for their use Respect instructions to ensure the health of the Control of the distance of activities from houses Daily population 18

Avoid insecurity for workers Non-respect of safety standards in force Contract specifications should be monitored by an Throughout the construction Worksite employees Ensure good practices compliant with the laws in HSE coordinator phase force Collection of incidents and accidents Avoid modifying and interfering with existing Infrastructure Presence of damage on existing infrastructure Ongoing during works infrastructure

Detection of new items of the archaeological heritage. Ongoing monitoring during Cultural heritage Control the conservation of heritage excavation works Presence of damages on cultural and religious values Recruitment of local manpower (registration) Socio-economic Infuse economic dynamism in the zone Contract with local service providers (sub-contractors) Daily context locales

19

7.2 Monitoring Programme

The activities here consist in measuring and assessing the project’s impacts on certain disturbing environmental and social components, assessing the effectiveness of said measures and implementing corrective actions, as appropriate.

The following table presents the environmental performance monitoring parametres in the project’s operational phase.

Table 4: Environmental Monitoring Activities

RESPONSI ASPECT TO FREQUENCY OF DURATION OF INDICATOR COSTS BLE CONTROL CONTROL SURVEILLANCE PARTY Control of the quality of Physico-chemical and Once every 3 Throughout the Included in the ABH water supplied by the bacteriological months operational phase operating costs dam parameters

Control of Measurement of total Once every 6 Throughout the eutrophication of the chlorophyll and months operational phase dam reservoir transparency

Sensitization of the Sensitization conducted One sensitization At the start of the 50,000 DH local population with a or not campaign operational phase campaign on preserving water quality against pollution with margines

Control the release of Degraded situation of Once per month Throughout the No additional the environmental flow downstream areas of the operational phase costs to be dam incurred

7.3 ESMP Monitoring

To better implement the ESMP and PCATI-PAP, an “ESMP and RAP Unit” was recommended2. Its missions for each phase are summarized in the following table:

Table 4 : Missions of the LAP and ESMP Monitoring Plan

In Pre-construction Phase • Implement PCATI-PAP

During the construction phase and • Implement the PCATI-PAP implementation of mitigation measures • Carry out standardized land acquisition for the provisional right-of-way needed for construction activity areas • Monitor and control the preparation of the contractor’s environmental action plan and check its compliance with ESMP requirements • Implement the negative impact mitigation measures and the positive impact enhancement measures envisaged for this phase

2 This unit will be part of the Project Management Unit.

20

• Ensure the necessary environmental reporting for monitoring the ESMP • Monitoring of the project’s environmental performance indicators In the operational phase • Implement measures to mitigate negative impacts and support positive impacts as envisaged in this phase • Monitor, control, and outcomes of these measures. • Ensure environmental reporting necessary for monitoring the ESMP • Monitor the project’s environmental performance indicators. Guarantee that the dialogue process with stakeholders is implemented

The membership of this unit will be as follows:

• The Project Head 3

• Social Development Expert,

• Expert in Participatory Approach,

• Gender Expert,

• Environmental, Social and HSE Aspects Monitoring Expert.

During the operational phase, ABHS will carry out monitoring tasks.

7.4 ESMP Implementation Schedule and Cost

The following table presents a summary of the ESMP, along with its implementation schedule. The total cost of the ESMP estimated at 5.41 MDH, does not include the cost of LAP, which is included in the overall cost of the dam (estimated at MDH 1,283.77). Thus, the cost of the ESMP accounts for 0.4% of the cost of the dam.

3 This profile will be part of the Project Management Unit and will cover other than the environmental and social aspects

21

Table 5: ESMP Summary and Schedule

Mitigation Measure /Monitoring Implementation Implementation Cost4 Implementation Schedule Monitoring Pre-construction Implementation of PCATI-PAP 5 CACA/Local authorities TA of CA 279.52 MDH During the entire works period phase Temporary occupation for worksite installation Contractor CA/Local authorities Included in the cost of works Before commencement of works

Capacity building (5-day training) CA CA 100,000 DH Before commencement of works

Conduct of studies on the stability of the CA/Specialized firm TA of CA 150,000 DH Before impoundment of the dam impoundment banks Social support TA of CA TA of CA Included in the implementation of LAP During the entire works period

ESMP Monitoring TA of CA TA of CA 1,680,000 DH During the entire works period Construction Presence of an HSEE Officer Contractor CA/TA Included in the cost of works The entire works period (5 years) phase Hiring of local labour Contractor CA/TA Included in the cost of works The entire works period (5 years) Management of effluents Contractor CA/TA Included in the cost of works The entire works period (5 years)

Management of solid wastes Contractor CA/TA Included in the cost of works The entire works period (5 years)

Management of worksite security Contractor CA/TA Included in the cost of works The entire works period (5 years) Management of the local population’s safety Contractor CA/TA/Local Included in the cost of works The entire works period (5 years) authorities Management of materials, excavated Contractor CA/TA Included in the cost of works The entire works period (5 years) materials/backfill Reporting Contractor CA/TA Included in the cost of works The entire works period (5 years)

Operational Study to define the reservoir protection area CA CA 600,000 DH Before commencement of operational phase phase

Delivery of protection areas CA CA The cost depends on the study results, Before commencement of operational the land to be acquired and works to be phase undertaken.

4 The costs expressed are based on prices obtained from field surveys, prices adopted for similar studies and actions 5 The cost of implementation of the PCATI-PAP is taken into consideration in the overall cost of construction of the dam. 22

Fight against eutrophication CA CA Plankton-eating fish: 520,000 DH

Action plan study for cleaning up the Sidi Abbou CA CA 600,000 DH Before commencement of operations basin Cleaning up of traditional units CA CA 1.5 MDH Before commencement of operations Cleaning up of modern and semi-modern units CA CA The cost depends on the Before commencement of operations characteristics of units (size, output, production processes, etc.) Reporting CA CA Included in the operating costs Throughout the operating period Control of the quality of water supplied by the dam CA CA Included in operating costs Once every 6 months, throughout the operational period Sensitisation of the local population with a CA CA 60,000 DH At commencement of the operational campaign to protect water quality from pollution by phase vegetable waters Sensitisation on the risk of drowning and CA CA 200,000 DH One year before impoundment, and two establishment of signage years afterwards Control of the release of environmental flow CA CA No additional costs to be incurred Once per month during the operational period

23

8 Consultations and Public Dissemination

Consultations were held with the directly affected population and others will be planned to finalize the Land Acquisition Plan (LAP) study. A participatory approach was followed with project stakeholders:

- Interviews with Caïds (Ain Aicha and Beni Frassen): The project was presented and their assistance sought to accompany the Administration’s auxiliary agents (Moqadem and cheikh) to the douars of Lamghara, Dhar Said and Rouf. The agents participated in the consultations and helped to identify, inform and assemble the affected population of each douar for them to be interviewed;

- Meeting with the Director of the Taounate Provincial Directorate of Agriculture, to give us information on agricultural activities in the area and confirm to us his Department’s interest in the project.

- Consultation of people affected by the reservoir and the acquisition of land.

- Consultation of women affected by the acquisition of land, with discussions on the project (its role and beneficiaries).

Based on the views and complaints received from the population, the following aspects were taken into account in the ESIA and PCATI-PAP:

- The proposal to create a deviation of the flooded road in order to serve nearby douars;

- The review of estimates of the compensation of goods is based on current prices in the region;

- Including in PCATI-PAP estimates, the rebuilding of lost social facilities (school, mosque, etc.);

- The recommendation of public consultations and awareness on the LAP;

- La recommandation des investigations géotechniques pour évaluer le risque de glissement des habitations limitrophes à la retenue.

Public consultations to be held in future will concern:

- the population affected by land acquisition;

- the population living around the reservoir and works site;

The themes to be discussed are:

- the objectives and roles of the project;

- the non-technical description of the dam project;

- negative and positive impacts;

24

- recommended mitigation and compensation measures;

- the provisions of LAP;

- the legal approach adopted by the Administration to roll out the land acquisition plan;

- Planning and deadlines ;

- Local authorities for the local labour recruitment policy.

9 Institutional Capacity

The institutions listed in paragraph 3.2- Institutional Framework, have the necessary experience and capacity to implement the ESMP and a Land Acquisition and PAP Compensation Plan, pursuant to national legislative and regulatory requirements.

Capacity building with external support must be envisaged through the TA described in paragraph 7.1.

10 Conclusion

The environmental and social assessment of the Sidi Abbou dam has helped to identify the different probable impacts on the physical, natural and socio-economic environments. This analysis has shown that although the dam’s construction will have major positive impacts, it also comes with lasting negative impacts on the human and natural environments. Apart from the ESMP, a PCATI- PAP has been prepared; however, the latter will need to be cascaded into a Land Acquisition and Compensation Plan for project affected persons (PATI-PAP) prior to project implementation and will be subject to specific disbursement conditions.

25