Connections Between the Atlantic and the Amazonian Forest Avifaunas Represent Distinct Historical Events
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Amazonia Is the Primary Source of Neotropical Biodiversity
Amazonia is the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity Alexandre Antonelli, Alexander Zizka, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Ruud Scharn, Christine Bacon, Daniele Silvestro, Fabien Condamine To cite this version: Alexandre Antonelli, Alexander Zizka, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Ruud Scharn, Christine Bacon, et al.. Amazonia is the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , National Academy of Sciences, 2018, 115 (23), pp.6034-6039. 10.1073/pnas.1713819115. hal-02323649 HAL Id: hal-02323649 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02323649 Submitted on 4 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Amazonia is the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity Alexandre Antonellia,b,c,d,1,2, Alexander Zizkaa,b,1, Fernanda Antunes Carvalhob,e,1, Ruud Scharna,b,f, Christine D. Bacona,b, Daniele Silvestroa,b,g, and Fabien L. Condamineb,h aGothenburg Global Biodiversity -
Geosense an Open Publishing Platform for Visualization, Social Sharing, and Analysis of Geospatial Data
GeoSense An open publishing platform for visualization, social sharing, and analysis of geospatial data. ARCHNES Anthony DeVincenzi TT I T B.F.A. Visual Communication, Seattle Art Institute 2007 Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences, Shlf A- hi dlI c, oo~ o rcecur an- annng11, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Media Arts and Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2012 @ 2012 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved Aut or Anthony DeVincenzi Program in Media Arts and Sciences May 11, 2012 Certified by Dr. Hiroshi Ishii Jerome B. Wiesner Professor of Media Arts and Sciences Associate Director, MIT Media Lab Program in Media Arts and Sciences Accepted by Dr. Mitchel Resnick Chairperson, Departmental Committee on Graduate Students Program in Media Arts and Sciences GeoSense An open publishing platform for visualization, social sharing, and analysis of geospatial data. Anthony DeVincenzi ;~ Thesis Supervisor Dr. Hiroshi Ishii Jerome B. Wiesner Professor of Media Arts and Sciences Associate Director, MIT Media Lab Program in Media and Sciences Thesis Reader Cesar A. Hidalgo Assistant Professor, MIT Media Lab {' 34> Thesis Reader Joi Ito Director, MIT Media Lab Acknowledgments THANK YOU, Hiroshi, my advisor, for allowing me to diverge greatly from our group's pri- mary area of research to investigate an area I believe to be strikingly mean- ingful; for no holds barred in critique, and providing endless insight. The Tangible Media Group, my second family, who adopted me as a designer and allowed me to play pretend engineer. Samuel Luescher, for co-authoring GeoSense alongside me. -
Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards (2020) 5:1 Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards
Minghini et al. Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards (2020) 5:1 Open Geospatial Data, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40965-020-0074-y Software and Standards EDITORIAL Open Access Geospatial openness: from software to standards & data Marco Minghini1*, Amin Mobasheri2, Victoria Rautenbach3 and Maria Antonia Brovelli4 Abstract This paper is the editorial of the Special Issue “Open Source Geospatial Software”, which features 10 published papers. The editorial introduces the concept of openness and, within the geospatial context, declines it into the three main components of software, data and standards. According to this classification, the papers published in the Special Issue are briefly summarized and a future research agenda in the open geospatial domain is finally outlined. Introduction Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, The Open Definition qualifies knowledge as open “if while in the 1990s the history of Web Mapping began anyone is free to access, use, modify, and share it — sub- with MapServer (https://mapserver.org), originally devel- ject, at most, to measures that preserve provenance and oped by the University of Minnesota. The success of openness” [1]. This definition, derived from the Open both projects as well as the communities they were able Source Definition [2] which is specific to software, puts to attract explain the important role they still play today forward the idea of a common good based on access to in the open source geospatial arena. The establishment information that everyone can benefit from. This vision in 2006 of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation of a so-called ‘Open world’ is brilliantly invoked by Pol- (OSGeo, https://www.osgeo.org), dedicated to the devel- lock, who calls for an open revolution – where everyone opment and support of open source geospatial technolo- would have the freedom to use, enjoy and build on gies, was the key milestone to certify the maturity of everything – in a digital age where most information is open geospatial software and the related community. -
Land Cover Changes in the Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga Biomes from 1990 to 2010 Based on a Systematic Remote Sensing Sampling Approach
Applied Geography 58 (2015) 116e127 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Geography journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apgeog Land cover changes in the Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga biomes from 1990 to 2010 based on a systematic remote sensing sampling approach * Rene Beuchle a, , Rosana Cristina Grecchi a, Yosio Edemir Shimabukuro a, b, Roman Seliger c, Hugh Douglas Eva a, Edson Sano d,Fred eric Achard a a Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy b Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Caixa Postal 515, 12245-970 Sao~ Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil c Universitat€ Leipzig, Institut für Geographie, Johannisallee 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany d Embrapa Cerrados, Caixa Postal 08223, 73301-970 Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil article info abstract Article history: The main objective of our study was to provide consistent information on land cover changes between Available online 19 February 2015 the years 1990 and 2010 for the Cerrado and Caatinga Brazilian seasonal biomes. These areas have been overlooked in terms of land cover change assessment if compared with efforts in monitoring the Amazon Keywords: rain forest. For each of the target years (1990, 2000 and 2010) land cover information was obtained Land cover change through an object-based classification approach for 243 sample units (10 km  10 km size), using (E)TM Remote sensing Landsat images systematically located at each full degree confluence of latitude and longitude. The Sampling approach images were automatically pre-processed, segmented and labelled according to the following legend: Deforestation Cerrado Tree Cover (TC), Tree Cover Mosaic (TCM), Other Wooded Land (OWL), Other Land Cover (OLC) and Water 2 Caatinga (W). -
Lowland Rainforests
Glime, J. M. 2019. Tropics: Lowland Rainforests. Chapt. 8-7. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 4. Habitat and Role. 8-7-1 Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 22 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology4/>. CHAPTER 8-7 TROPICS: LOWLAND RAINFORESTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Lowland Rainforests ........................................................................................................................................... 8-7-2 Amazonia Lowlands ............................................................................................................................................ 8-7-7 Terra Firme ................................................................................................................................................ 8-7-11 Dense Forest ....................................................................................................................................... 8-7-14 Open Forest without Palms ................................................................................................................. 8-7-14 Open Forest with Palms ...................................................................................................................... 8-7-14 Liana Forest ........................................................................................................................................ 8-7-16 Dry Forest .......................................................................................................................................... -
The Caatinga the Cerrado
The Caatinga The Caatinga is a semi-arid scrub forest (similar to a desert environment) situated in the North-east of Brazil. It is extremely rich in natural resources. It is populated by thorny shrubs and stunted trees. There are few species of animals; although it is home to the three banded armadillo. Caatinga © Maria Hsu, Flickr Thorny twig © A. Duarte, Flickr The Cerrado Covers 20% of Brazil. The largest tropical savannah region in South America. Home to over 10,000 species of plants. Home to the endangered jaguar. Grassland, shrubbery and trees. Cerrado © Francisco Aragao, Flickr Onca Pintada © Rafael Acorsi, Flickr The Pantanal The world’s largest wetland (20x the size of The Everglades in Florida). The Pantanal is located in Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Home to a huge number of plant and animal species. 80% of the land is submerged in the wet season, so there is a huge amount of aquatic life. Pantanal © Rafael Milani, Flickr Alligators in the Pantanal © A. Duarte, Flickr The Mata Atlantica Also known as the Atlantic Forest. Large area of forest that runs along the Atlantic coastline of Brazil. Home to over 2000 species of plants, birds, mammals, reptiles. Home to the rare golden lion tamarind monkey. River, Forest and Clouds © Jose Roberto V Moraes, Flickr IMG_4982 © Roland Harvey, Flickr The Pampas Flat, fertile grasslands that are in areas of lowlands found in the south of Brazil. Used to graze animals. The Pampas © Phil Whitehouse, Flickr Cows, Amazon Pampas © Jordan Tam, Flickr Tropical rainforest (Amazon rainforest) A huge region that spans Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. -
Laura Vaughan
Mapping From a rare map of yellow fever in eighteenth-century New York, to Charles Booth’s famous maps of poverty in nineteenth-century London, an Italian racial Laura Vaughan zoning map of early twentieth-century Asmara, to a map of wealth disparities in the banlieues of twenty-first-century Paris, Mapping Society traces the evolution of social cartography over the past two centuries. In this richly illustrated book, Laura Vaughan examines maps of ethnic or religious difference, poverty, and health Mapping inequalities, demonstrating how they not only serve as historical records of social enquiry, but also constitute inscriptions of social patterns that have been etched deeply on the surface of cities. Society The book covers themes such as the use of visual rhetoric to change public Society opinion, the evolution of sociology as an academic practice, changing attitudes to The Spatial Dimensions physical disorder, and the complexity of segregation as an urban phenomenon. While the focus is on historical maps, the narrative carries the discussion of the of Social Cartography spatial dimensions of social cartography forward to the present day, showing how disciplines such as public health, crime science, and urban planning, chart spatial data in their current practice. Containing examples of space syntax analysis alongside full-colour maps and photographs, this volume will appeal to all those interested in the long-term forces that shape how people live in cities. Laura Vaughan is Professor of Urban Form and Society at the Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL. In addition to her research into social cartography, she has Vaughan Laura written on many other critical aspects of urbanism today, including her previous book for UCL Press, Suburban Urbanities: Suburbs and the Life of the High Street. -
Review of Web Mapping: Eras, Trends and Directions
International Journal of Geo-Information Review Review of Web Mapping: Eras, Trends and Directions Bert Veenendaal 1,*, Maria Antonia Brovelli 2 ID and Songnian Li 3 ID 1 Department of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Australia 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +618-9266-7701 Received: 28 July 2017; Accepted: 16 October 2017; Published: 21 October 2017 Abstract: Web mapping and the use of geospatial information online have evolved rapidly over the past few decades. Almost everyone in the world uses mapping information, whether or not one realizes it. Almost every mobile phone now has location services and every event and object on the earth has a location. The use of this geospatial location data has expanded rapidly, thanks to the development of the Internet. Huge volumes of geospatial data are available and daily being captured online, and are used in web applications and maps for viewing, analysis, modeling and simulation. This paper reviews the developments of web mapping from the first static online map images to the current highly interactive, multi-sourced web mapping services that have been increasingly moved to cloud computing platforms. The whole environment of web mapping captures the integration and interaction between three components found online, namely, geospatial information, people and functionality. In this paper, the trends and interactions among these components are identified and reviewed in relation to the technology developments. -
Laura Vaughan
Mapping From a rare map of yellow fever in eighteenth-century New York, to Charles Booth’s famous maps of poverty in nineteenth-century London, an Italian racial Laura Vaughan zoning map of early twentieth-century Asmara, to a map of wealth disparities in the banlieues of twenty-first-century Paris, Mapping Society traces the evolution of social cartography over the past two centuries. In this richly illustrated book, Laura Vaughan examines maps of ethnic or religious difference, poverty, and health Mapping inequalities, demonstrating how they not only serve as historical records of social enquiry, but also constitute inscriptions of social patterns that have been etched deeply on the surface of cities. Society The book covers themes such as the use of visual rhetoric to change public Society opinion, the evolution of sociology as an academic practice, changing attitudes to The Spatial Dimensions physical disorder, and the complexity of segregation as an urban phenomenon. While the focus is on historical maps, the narrative carries the discussion of the of Social Cartography spatial dimensions of social cartography forward to the present day, showing how disciplines such as public health, crime science, and urban planning, chart spatial data in their current practice. Containing examples of space syntax analysis alongside full-colour maps and photographs, this volume will appeal to all those interested in the long-term forces that shape how people live in cities. Laura Vaughan is Professor of Urban Form and Society at the Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL. In addition to her research into social cartography, she has Vaughan Laura written on many other critical aspects of urbanism today, including her previous book for UCL Press, Suburban Urbanities: Suburbs and the Life of the High Street. -
Amphibian Conservation in the Caatinga Biome and Semiarid Region of Brazil
Herpetologica, 68(1), 2012, 31–47 E 2012 by The Herpetologists’ League, Inc. AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION IN THE CAATINGA BIOME AND SEMIARID REGION OF BRAZIL 1,3 2 MILENA CAMARDELLI AND MARCELO F. NAPOLI 1Programa de Po´s-Graduac¸a˜o em Ecologia e Biomonitoramento, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Bara˜o de Jeremoabo, Campus Universita´rio de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil 2Museu de Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Bara˜o de Jeremoabo, Campus Universita´rio de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil ABSTRACT: The Brazilian Ministry of the Environment (Ministe´rio Do Meio Ambiente, MMA) proposed defining priority areas for Brazilian biodiversity conservation in 2007, but to date, no definitions of priority areas for amphibian conservation have been developed for the Caatinga biome or the semiarid region of Brazil. In this study, we searched for ‘‘hot spots’’ of amphibians in these two regions and assessed whether the priority areas established by the MMA coincided with those suitable for amphibian conservation. We determined amphibian hot spots by means of three estimates: areas of endemism, areas of high species richness, and areas with species that are threatened, rare, or have very limited distributions. We then assessed the degree of coincidence between amphibian hot spots and the priority areas of the MMA based on the current conservation units. We analyzed areas of endemism with the use of a parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) on quadrats. The Caatinga biome and semiarid region showed four and six areas of endemism, respectively, mainly associated with mountainous areas that are covered by isolated forests and positively correlated with species richness. -
Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution
ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2010 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of species lists and distribution N Myxomycetes, state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil PECIES S 1 2 2* OF , Antônia Aurelice Aurélio Costa ISTRIBUITIO D ISTS L Maria Helena Alves and Laise de Holanda Cavalcanti 1 Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso. Avenida São Sebastião, 2819. CEP 64202-020. Parnaíba, PI, Brazil. RAPHIC 2 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Myxomycetes. Avenida Professor G [email protected] Moraes Rego s/n. CEP 50670–901. Cidade Universitária. Recife, PE, Brazil. EO * Corresponding author. E-mail: G N O Abstract: 2 OTES Thirty , fouris one genera of the andleast 215 explored species of ofthe Myxomycetes nine states in arethis present region ofin the northeastern country, with Brazil, records covering of 27 N 83 % of families, all subclasses and orders recognized for these microorganisms. Ceará, with an area of 148,825,602 km species, distributed across 13 genera, occurring in a humid forest environment of the southern mesoregion. The dominant vegetation type is the Caatinga (dry, tree-shrub deciduous vegetation), with patches of Cerrado (savanna-like vegetation), Carrasco (montane deciduous shrub vegetation) and fragments of Pluvio-nebular northernTropical Subperennialand northwestern Forest mesoregions. and Pluvial TheTropical specimens Subdeciduous obtained Forest. were depositedIn order to at betterthe UFP document Herbarium. the diversity of myxomycetes in that state, specimens were collected from the field betweenComatricha 2002-2007, Crateriumin Ceará’s and Metatrichia increase the number of genera which comprise Ceará’s myxobiota to 16. -
Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- an Overview
Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- An Overview Douglas C. Daly John D. Mitchell The New York Botanical Garden [modified from this reference:] Daly, D. C. & J. D. Mitchell 2000. Lowland vegetation of tropical South America -- an overview. Pages 391-454. In: D. Lentz, ed. Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the pre-Columbian Americas. Columbia University Press, New York. 1 Contents Introduction Observations on vegetation classification Folk classifications Humid forests Introduction Structure Conditions that suppport moist forests Formations and how to define them Inclusions and archipelagos Trends and patterns of diversity in humid forests Transitions Floodplain forests River types Other inundated forests Phytochoria: Chocó Magdalena/NW Caribbean Coast (mosaic type) Venezuelan Guayana/Guayana Highland Guianas-Eastern Amazonia Amazonia (remainder) Southern Amazonia Transitions Atlantic Forest Complex Tropical Dry Forests Introduction Phytochoria: Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela Caatinga Chaco Chaquenian vegetation Non-Chaquenian vegetation Transitional vegetation Southern Brazilian Region Savannas Introduction Phytochoria: Cerrado Llanos of Venezuela and Colombia Roraima-Rupununi savanna region Llanos de Moxos (mosaic type) Pantanal (mosaic type) 2 Campo rupestre Conclusions Acknowledgments Literature Cited 3 Introduction Tropical lowland South America boasts a diversity of vegetation cover as impressive -- and often as bewildering -- as its diversity of plant species. In this chapter, we attempt to describe the major types of vegetation cover in this vast region as they occurred in pre- Columbian times and outline the conditions that support them. Examining the large-scale phytogeographic regions characterized by each major cover type (see Fig. I), we provide basic information on geology, geological history, topography, and climate; describe variants of physiognomy (vegetation structure) and geography; discuss transitions; and examine some floristic patterns and affinities within and among these regions.