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Spatial Data Studio Ltom.02.011 Interoperabilty & Webgis

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Spatial Data Studio Ltom.02.011 Interoperabilty & Webgis SPATIAL DATA STUDIO LTOM.02.011 INTEROPERABILTY & WEBGIS Alexander Kmoch DATA INTEROPERABILITY • Introduction & Motivation • Service Orientied Architecture • Spatial Data Infrastructure • Open Geospatial Consortium INTRODUCTION & MOTIVATION ● Spatial Information and its role in taking informed decision making ● Spatial data transfer ● Web services ● Open GIS vs. Open Source The Network is the Computer (* (* John Gage, 1984 SPATIAL INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGIES SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER: FROM CLASSIC PAPER MAPS TO WEB SERVICES Web Services Online download (FTP) Offline copy (CD/DVD) Print Copy (paper maps) Source: Fu and Sun, 2011 WEB SERVICES ● “A Web Service is a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network” (W3C, 2004) ● Interface to application functionality accessible through a network ● Intermediary between data/applications and users WEB SERVICES FUNCTIONALITY Web Client File data Send Request Desktop Client Send response Mobile Client geodatabase FUNCTIONALITIES OF THE GEOSPATIAL WEB SERVICES ● Map services: display an image of the spatial data, but not the raw data ● Data services: ● Editing services: create, retrieve, update and delete the geo-data online; e.g. OSM mapping capabilities ● Search services: INSPIRE Geoportal ● Analytical services ● Geocoding services: transforming the addresses into X,Y coordinates ● Network analysis services: e.g. finding the shortest path/route between two locations: A and B ● Geoprocessing services: mapping the crime hotspots using a GIS tool that has been shared as web services SPATIAL DATA SHARING: CHALLENGES ● Huge amount of data: ● Remote and in-situ sensors collect petabytes of geospatial data ● Citizen sensing and mapping activities ● Spatial data heterogeneity ● Diverse data encodings ● Different data meaning ● Computing intensity ● Online geoprocessing requires intensive computing resources STANDARDS ● Spatial data sharing and exchange requires standard for: ● Spatial data encoding ● Spatial data sharing as: – Map image – Raw vector data – Raw raster data ● Spatial data analysis tools sharing ● Sharing and integrating data sensed by in-situ sensors FROM INFORMATION SILOS TO INFORMATION SHARING Sharing information is more important than having! ARCGIS ONLINE Search & Find useful spatial resources Store & Manage your GI Publish GI Web Services resources Create your own web Share web apps with applications others WORLDMAP – ONLINE PLATFORM NASA OPEN DATA PORTAL ESTONIAN LAND BOARD GEOPORTAL (FROM MAA-AMET) OPEN GIS VS. OPEN SOURCE ● Open Source ● Open GIS ● Gratis vs. libre ● Data sharing ● Free speech vs. free ● Data integration beer ● Scalability ● Customization ● extension INTEROPERABILITY AND STANDARD CONCEPTS • Interoperability concept • GIS Interoperability • Standards definition & Standards principals • Organization responsible for standards and specifications development International Standardization Organization (ISO) TC/211 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Volume, Variety, Velocity of (Big) Data FROM DATA CONVERTERS TO INTEROPERABILITY Common features in DBMS (OGC Simple Feature Specifictions for SQL) Direct-read API Standard Interchange Format (GML, SDTS) Open file formats (shapefile) Data converters communication www.the- ark.org INTEROPERABILITY CONCEPT • Interoperability is defined as: • “the capability to communicate, execute programs or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units” (ISO 19101: 2001). GIS INTEROPERABILITY DEFINITION • The ability of information systems to: • freely exchange all kinds of spatial information about the Earth and about the objects and phenomena on, above, and below the Earth’s surface; and • Cooperatively (over networks) run software capable of manipulating such information” (ISO 19101:2001) GIS INTEROPERABILITY – WHY AND WHERE IS REQUIRED? Geographic Enterprise GIS E-Government SDI Analysis with multi- GIS beyond Information Data isolated exchange within source data communities government Discovery Within Information GIS integration distributed exchange between Data into broader IT citizens and computing infrastructures Accessibility environment government Information exchange Data between business and government Integration STANDARDS • Standard definition: • “a document established by a consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context” (ISO 19101). STANDARDS • De jure standard: standard adopted by an official standard setting body (national or international) • De facto standard: a standard that has not received the sanction of any official body, but has imposed itself by eliciting a consensus among users, a group of firms or consortium www.the- ark.org PRINCIPALS OF STANDARDS The principals of standards can be summarized as follows : • Maximize End-User Choice • Extension • Royalty or free • Prevent Predatory Practices ISO/TC 211 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION/ GEOMATICS • Overall goal of ISO/ Technical Committee 211 • Standardization in the field of digital geographic information • ISO 19100 series of geographic information standards • Specific objectives: • To support understanding and usage of geographic information • To increase the availability, access, integration and sharing of geographic information • To enable interoperability of geospatially enabled computer systems • To contribute to a unified approach to addressing global issues (global ecological and humanitarian problems) QUESTION … • What‘s the name of your national organization reponsible for developing standards in your country? If you do not know the answer, please check here: http://www.iso.org/iso/about/iso_members.htm ISO/ TC 211 STANDARDS ISO 6709:1983, Standard representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for ISO/TR 19121:2000 Imagery and gridded data geographic point locations ISO/TR 19122 - Qualifications and certification of personnel ISO 19101:2002 - Reference model ISO 19123 - Schema for coverage geometry and functions ISO 19102 – Overview - deleted ISO/RS 19124 - Imagery and gridded data components ISO/TS 19103 - Conceptual schema language ISO 19125 - Simple feature access – Part 1-3 ISO 19104 - Terminology ISO 19126 - Profile - FACC Data Dictionary ISO 19105:2000 - Conformance and testing ISO 19127 - Geodetic codes and parameters ISO 19106 - Profiles ISO 19128 - Web Map Server Interface ISO 19107:2003 - Spatial schema ISO 19129 - Imagery, gridded and coverage data framework ISO 19108:2002 - Temporal schema ISO 19130 - Sensor and data model for imagery and gridded data ISO 19109 - Rules for application schema ISO 19131 - Data product specification ISO 19110 – Methodology for feature cataloguing ISO 19132 - Location based services possible standards ISO 19111:2003 - Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19133 - Location based services tracking and navigation ISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic ISO 19134 - Multimodal location based services for routing and navigation identifiers ISO 19135 - Procedures for registration of geographic information items ISO 19113:2002 - Quality principles ISO 19136 – Geography Markup Language (GML) ISO 19114 - Quality evaluation procedures ISO 19137 - Generally used profiles of the spatial schema and of similar important ISO 19115:2003 – Metadata other schemas ISO 19115-2 – Metadata – Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19138 – Data quality measures ISO 19116 - Positioning services ISO 19139 – Metadata – Implementation specification ISO 19117 – Portrayal ISO 19140 – Technical amendment to the ISO 191** Geographic information series of ISO 19118 - Encoding standards for harmonization and enhancements ISO 19119 - Services ….. ISO/TR 19120:2001 - Functional standards ISO/TR 19120/Amd. 1 – Functional standards – Amendment 1 W3C • Founded in 1994 • International standard organization for the web technologies • principles - Web for all, Web on everything • vision - Web of consumers and authors, data and services, trust OPEN GEOSPATIAL CONSORTIUM Interoperability http://www.opengeospatial.org OPEN GEOSPATIAL CONSORTIUM (OGC) • Not-for profit international standards organization leading the development of standards for geospatial and location based services. • OGC‘s Vision: • “a world in which everyone benefits from geospatial information and services made available across any network, application or platform” • History 1980 1992 1993 1994 2004 Spatial analysis software Open GRASS Foundation Open Geodata Open GIS Open Geospatial development group formed at CERL Interoperability Consortium not-for-profit Consortium GRASS Specifications Trade organization (Geographic Resource and Analysis Support System) OPENGIS ABSTRACT SPECIFICATION OPENGIS IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFICATION COOPERATION BETWEEN OGC AND ISO/TC211 19 1xx Impl. Spec OGC ISO/TC 211 Testbeds & Pilots Working Groups Development of Implementation ISO 191xx Standards development Specifications and validation of ISO 191xx OVERVIEW OF THE STANDARDS WORLD De Facto De W3C OGC Infrastructure: ISO/ WSDL, UDDI, Software Interfaces: SOAP, XML Nations Instantiate Domain and Dejure into Domains: Object / Infrastructure Abstract Models, Content, Vocabulary Source: http://www.opengeospatial.org/ De Jure De Domain Infrastructure SUMMARY Interoperability GIS Interoperability Standardization •definition
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