The Caatinga the Cerrado

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

The Caatinga The Caatinga is a semi-arid scrub forest (similar to a desert environment) situated in the North-east of Brazil. It is extremely rich in natural resources. It is populated by thorny shrubs and stunted trees. There are few species of animals; although it is home to the three banded armadillo. Caatinga © Maria Hsu, Flickr Thorny twig © A. Duarte, Flickr The Cerrado Covers 20% of Brazil. The largest tropical savannah region in South America. Home to over 10,000 species of plants. Home to the endangered jaguar. Grassland, shrubbery and trees. Cerrado © Francisco Aragao, Flickr Onca Pintada © Rafael Acorsi, Flickr The Pantanal The world’s largest wetland (20x the size of The Everglades in Florida). The Pantanal is located in Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Home to a huge number of plant and animal species. 80% of the land is submerged in the wet season, so there is a huge amount of aquatic life. Pantanal © Rafael Milani, Flickr Alligators in the Pantanal © A. Duarte, Flickr The Mata Atlantica Also known as the Atlantic Forest. Large area of forest that runs along the Atlantic coastline of Brazil. Home to over 2000 species of plants, birds, mammals, reptiles. Home to the rare golden lion tamarind monkey. River, Forest and Clouds © Jose Roberto V Moraes, Flickr IMG_4982 © Roland Harvey, Flickr The Pampas Flat, fertile grasslands that are in areas of lowlands found in the south of Brazil. Used to graze animals. The Pampas © Phil Whitehouse, Flickr Cows, Amazon Pampas © Jordan Tam, Flickr Tropical rainforest (Amazon rainforest) A huge region that spans Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. Home to one in ten known species on earth. Area of dense forest and the Amazon River. A morning in the Amazon Rainforest © Aluarts, Flickr Amazon Rainforest © Cifor, Flickr .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Amazonia Is the Primary Source of Neotropical Biodiversity
Amazonia is the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity Alexandre Antonelli, Alexander Zizka, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Ruud Scharn, Christine Bacon, Daniele Silvestro, Fabien Condamine To cite this version: Alexandre Antonelli, Alexander Zizka, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Ruud Scharn, Christine Bacon, et al.. Amazonia is the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , National Academy of Sciences, 2018, 115 (23), pp.6034-6039. 10.1073/pnas.1713819115. hal-02323649 HAL Id: hal-02323649 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02323649 Submitted on 4 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Amazonia is the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity Alexandre Antonellia,b,c,d,1,2, Alexander Zizkaa,b,1, Fernanda Antunes Carvalhob,e,1, Ruud Scharna,b,f, Christine D. Bacona,b, Daniele Silvestroa,b,g, and Fabien L. Condamineb,h aGothenburg Global Biodiversity
[Show full text]
Land Cover Changes in the Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga Biomes from 1990 to 2010 Based on a Systematic Remote Sensing Sampling Approach
Applied Geography 58 (2015) 116e127 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Geography journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apgeog Land cover changes in the Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga biomes from 1990 to 2010 based on a systematic remote sensing sampling approach * Rene Beuchle a, , Rosana Cristina Grecchi a, Yosio Edemir Shimabukuro a, b, Roman Seliger c, Hugh Douglas Eva a, Edson Sano d,Fred eric Achard a a Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy b Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Caixa Postal 515, 12245-970 Sao~ Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil c Universitat€ Leipzig, Institut für Geographie, Johannisallee 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany d Embrapa Cerrados, Caixa Postal 08223, 73301-970 Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil article info abstract Article history: The main objective of our study was to provide consistent information on land cover changes between Available online 19 February 2015 the years 1990 and 2010 for the Cerrado and Caatinga Brazilian seasonal biomes. These areas have been overlooked in terms of land cover change assessment if compared with efforts in monitoring the Amazon Keywords: rain forest. For each of the target years (1990, 2000 and 2010) land cover information was obtained Land cover change through an object-based classiﬁcation approach for 243 sample units (10 km Â 10 km size), using (E)TM Remote sensing Landsat images systematically located at each full degree conﬂuence of latitude and longitude. The Sampling approach images were automatically pre-processed, segmented and labelled according to the following legend: Deforestation Cerrado Tree Cover (TC), Tree Cover Mosaic (TCM), Other Wooded Land (OWL), Other Land Cover (OLC) and Water 2 Caatinga (W).
[Show full text]
Lowland Rainforests
Glime, J. M. 2019. Tropics: Lowland Rainforests. Chapt. 8-7. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 4. Habitat and Role. 8-7-1 Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 22 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology4/>. CHAPTER 8-7 TROPICS: LOWLAND RAINFORESTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Lowland Rainforests ........................................................................................................................................... 8-7-2 Amazonia Lowlands ............................................................................................................................................ 8-7-7 Terra Firme ................................................................................................................................................ 8-7-11 Dense Forest ....................................................................................................................................... 8-7-14 Open Forest without Palms ................................................................................................................. 8-7-14 Open Forest with Palms ...................................................................................................................... 8-7-14 Liana Forest ........................................................................................................................................ 8-7-16 Dry Forest ..........................................................................................................................................
[Show full text]
Connections Between the Atlantic and the Amazonian Forest Avifaunas Represent Distinct Historical Events
J Ornithol (2013) 154:41–50 DOI 10.1007/s10336-012-0866-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Connections between the Atlantic and the Amazonian forest avifaunas represent distinct historical events Henrique Batalha-Filho • Jon Fjeldsa˚ • Pierre-Henri Fabre • Cristina Yumi Miyaki Received: 4 October 2011 / Revised: 20 March 2012 / Accepted: 25 May 2012 / Published online: 16 June 2012 Ó Dt. Ornithologen-Gesellschaft e.V. 2012 Abstract There is much evidence to support past contact important roles in these connections were geotectonic between the Atlantic and the Amazon forests through the events during the late Tertiary associated with the uplift of South American dry vegetation diagonal, but the spatio- the Andes (old connections) and Quaternary climate temporal dynamics of this contact still need to be investi- changes that promoted the expansion of gallery forest gated to allow a better understanding of its biogeographic through the Cerrado and Caatinga in northeastern Brazil implications for birds. Here, we combined phylogenetic (young connections). Our results provide the ﬁrst general data with distributional data using a supermatrix approach temporal and spatial model of how the Atlantic and in order to depict the historical connection dynamics Amazonian forests were connected in the past, which was between these biomes for New World suboscines. We derived using bird data. examined the variation in divergence time and then com- pared the spatial distributions of taxon pairs representing Keywords Neotropical region Á New World suboscines Á old and recent
[Show full text]
Amphibian Conservation in the Caatinga Biome and Semiarid Region of Brazil
Herpetologica, 68(1), 2012, 31–47 E 2012 by The Herpetologists’ League, Inc. AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION IN THE CAATINGA BIOME AND SEMIARID REGION OF BRAZIL 1,3 2 MILENA CAMARDELLI AND MARCELO F. NAPOLI 1Programa de Po´s-Graduaçaõ em Ecologia e Biomonitoramento, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Baraõ de Jeremoabo, Campus Universita´rio de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil 2Museu de Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Baraõ de Jeremoabo, Campus Universita´rio de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil ABSTRACT: The Brazilian Ministry of the Environment (Ministe´rio Do Meio Ambiente, MMA) proposed defining priority areas for Brazilian biodiversity conservation in 2007, but to date, no definitions of priority areas for amphibian conservation have been developed for the Caatinga biome or the semiarid region of Brazil. In this study, we searched for ‘‘hot spots’’ of amphibians in these two regions and assessed whether the priority areas established by the MMA coincided with those suitable for amphibian conservation. We determined amphibian hot spots by means of three estimates: areas of endemism, areas of high species richness, and areas with species that are threatened, rare, or have very limited distributions. We then assessed the degree of coincidence between amphibian hot spots and the priority areas of the MMA based on the current conservation units. We analyzed areas of endemism with the use of a parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) on quadrats. The Caatinga biome and semiarid region showed four and six areas of endemism, respectively, mainly associated with mountainous areas that are covered by isolated forests and positively correlated with species richness.
[Show full text]
Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution
ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2010 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of species lists and distribution N Myxomycetes, state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil PECIES S 1 2 2* OF , Antônia Aurelice Aurélio Costa ISTRIBUITIO D ISTS L Maria Helena Alves and Laise de Holanda Cavalcanti 1 Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso. Avenida São Sebastião, 2819. CEP 64202-020. Parnaíba, PI, Brazil. RAPHIC 2 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Myxomycetes. Avenida Professor G [email protected] Moraes Rego s/n. CEP 50670–901. Cidade Universitária. Recife, PE, Brazil. EO * Corresponding author. E-mail: G N O Abstract: 2 OTES Thirty , fouris one genera of the andleast 215 explored species of ofthe Myxomycetes nine states in arethis present region ofin the northeastern country, with Brazil, records covering of 27 N 83 % of families, all subclasses and orders recognized for these microorganisms. Ceará, with an area of 148,825,602 km species, distributed across 13 genera, occurring in a humid forest environment of the southern mesoregion. The dominant vegetation type is the Caatinga (dry, tree-shrub deciduous vegetation), with patches of Cerrado (savanna-like vegetation), Carrasco (montane deciduous shrub vegetation) and fragments of Pluvio-nebular northernTropical Subperennialand northwestern Forest mesoregions. and Pluvial TheTropical specimens Subdeciduous obtained Forest. were depositedIn order to at betterthe UFP document Herbarium. the diversity of myxomycetes in that state, specimens were collected from the field betweenComatricha 2002-2007, Crateriumin Ceará’s and Metatrichia increase the number of genera which comprise Ceará’s myxobiota to 16.
[Show full text]
Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- an Overview
Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- An Overview Douglas C. Daly John D. Mitchell The New York Botanical Garden [modified from this reference:] Daly, D. C. & J. D. Mitchell 2000. Lowland vegetation of tropical South America -- an overview. Pages 391-454. In: D. Lentz, ed. Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the pre-Columbian Americas. Columbia University Press, New York. 1 Contents Introduction Observations on vegetation classification Folk classifications Humid forests Introduction Structure Conditions that suppport moist forests Formations and how to define them Inclusions and archipelagos Trends and patterns of diversity in humid forests Transitions Floodplain forests River types Other inundated forests Phytochoria: Chocó Magdalena/NW Caribbean Coast (mosaic type) Venezuelan Guayana/Guayana Highland Guianas-Eastern Amazonia Amazonia (remainder) Southern Amazonia Transitions Atlantic Forest Complex Tropical Dry Forests Introduction Phytochoria: Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela Caatinga Chaco Chaquenian vegetation Non-Chaquenian vegetation Transitional vegetation Southern Brazilian Region Savannas Introduction Phytochoria: Cerrado Llanos of Venezuela and Colombia Roraima-Rupununi savanna region Llanos de Moxos (mosaic type) Pantanal (mosaic type) 2 Campo rupestre Conclusions Acknowledgments Literature Cited 3 Introduction Tropical lowland South America boasts a diversity of vegetation cover as impressive -- and often as bewildering -- as its diversity of plant species. In this chapter, we attempt to describe the major types of vegetation cover in this vast region as they occurred in pre- Columbian times and outline the conditions that support them. Examining the large-scale phytogeographic regions characterized by each major cover type (see Fig. I), we provide basic information on geology, geological history, topography, and climate; describe variants of physiognomy (vegetation structure) and geography; discuss transitions; and examine some floristic patterns and affinities within and among these regions.
[Show full text]
Are Leaves a Good Option in Caatinga's Menu? First Record Of
Acta Chiropterologica, 18(2): 489–497, 2016 PL ISSN 1508-1109 © Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS doi: 10.3161/15081109ACC2016.18.2.015 Are leaves a good option in Caatinga’s menu? First record of folivory in Artibeus planirostris (Phyllostomidae) in the semiarid forest, Brazil EUGENIA CORDERO-SCHMIDT1, 4, MARICÉLIO MEDEIROS-GUIMARÃES2, JUAN CARLOS VARGAS-MENA1, BRUNA CARVALHO1, RODRIGO LOPES FERREIRA2, BERNAL RODRIGUEZ-HERRERA3, and EDUARDO M. VENTICINQUE1 1Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59078900 Lagoa Nova Natal, RN, Brazil 2Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil 3Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica 4Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Folivory can be defined as the consumption of foliage, including leaves, stems and leaf content. This trophic strategy has been documented in two families of bats, Pteropodidae (Old World fruit bats) and Phyllostomidae (New World leaf-nosed bats). Existing folivory hypotheses for bats suggest this behavior provides a dietary supplement of protein and other essential minerals due to a deficiency of these in a frugivorous diet. The Caatinga is a seasonally deciduous tropical dry forest where most of the vegetation is leafless and dormant during the extended dry season. Here we present the first evidence of folivory in bats from the Brazilian Caatinga, with evidence for the phyllostomid Artibeus planirostris ingesting the leaves of at least 16 species of plants. We include a bibliographic review of bat folivory in the tropics. Additionally, we propose a new hypothesis on folivory in bats for this semiarid environment.
[Show full text]
The Impact of Drought on Soil Moisture Trends Across Brazilian Biomes
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-185 Preprint. Discussion started: 10 June 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. The Impact of Drought on Soil Moisture Trends across Brazilian Biomes ¹Flavio Lopes Ribeiro, ²Mario Guevara, ²Alma Vázquez-Lule, ³Ana Paula Cunha, ³Marcelo Zeri, ²Rodrigo Vargas ¹University of Delaware, School of Public Policy and Administration, Disaster Research Center, Newark, DE, USA ²University of Delaware, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Newark, DE, USA ³National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil Correspondence to: Flavio Lopes Ribeiro Abstract: Over the past decade, Brazil has experienced severe droughts across its territory, with important implications for soil moisture dynamics. Soil moisture variability has a direct impact on agriculture, water security, and ecosystem services. Nevertheless, there is currently little information on how soil moisture across different biomes respond to drought. In this study, we used satellite soil moisture data from the European Space Agency, from 2009 to 2015, to analyze differences in soil moisture responses to drought for each biome of Brazil: The Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, Pampas and Pantanal. We found an overall soil moisture decline of -0.5%/year (p<0.01) at the national level. At the biome-level, Caatinga presented the most severe soil moisture decline (-4.4% per year); whereas Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes showed no significant trend. The Amazon biome showed no trend but a sharp reduction of soil moisture from 2013 to 2015. In contrast, Pampas and Pantanal presented a positive trend (1.6 and 4.3 %/year, respectively).
[Show full text]
A Scientific Note on the Occurrence of Euglossini Bees in the Caatinga, A
Apidologie 38 (2007) 472–473 Available online at: c INRA/DIB-AGIB/ EDP Sciences, 2007 www.apidologie.org DOI: 10.1051/apido:2007031 Scientific note A scientific note on the occurrence of Euglossini bees in the Caatinga, a Brazilian tropical dry forest* Ariadna Valentina Lopesa∗∗, Isabel Cristina Machadoa , Antônio Venceslau de Aguiara∗∗, José Manuel Macário Rebeloˆ b a Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Nelson Chaves s/n, Recife, PE, 50372-970, Brazil b Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses s/n, Campus do Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65040-080, Brazil Received 20 June 2006 – Revised 20 June 2007 – Accepted 21 June 2007 Euglossini / orchid bees / odour baits / Caatinga / northeastern Brazil Euglossini bees (Apidae) are an exclusively baits (skatole, methyl salicilate, ß-ionone, vanillin, Neotropical monophyletic group of five genera benzyl acetate, and eucalyptol), as established by (Aglae, Eufriesea, Euglossa, Eulaema,andEx- Dodson et al. (1969) and broadly applied by numer- aerete) with 190 species, (Rebêlo, 2001; Ramírez, ous authors. Individuals were attracted from 8:00 to 2005). In Brazil, the second most diverse coun- 12:00 h, according to usual protocols for Euglossini try in Euglossini species (Ramírez et al., 2002), male collection (e.g. Pearson and Dressler, 1985; 80 species are referred for the Amazon, 57 for the Wittmann et al., 2000; Rebêlo 2001; Pemberton and Atlantic forest, and 23 for the Cerrado (Rebêlo, Wheeler, 2006, and references therein). The filter 2001). Despite this high richness, new species con- papers used as baits were saturated each 30 min. tinue to be described (Ramírez, 2005) and known with the fragrances to ensure efficiency.
[Show full text]
Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution
Check List 10(1): 237–238, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution N Distribution extension of Solifugids (Arachnida: Solifugae) to Atlantic Forest of Brazil ISTRIBUTIO D Tercio da Silva Melo 1,2,3,*, João Vitor Lino Mota 1,2, Marcelo Cesar Lima Peres 1,2, Hugo Estevam de Almeida Coelho 1 and Henrique Colombini Browne Ribeiro 1,2 RAPHIC G EO 1 Lacerta Consultoria, Projetos & Assessoria Ambiental LTDA, Rua Moisés Araújo, 488, CEP 42700-000. Lauro de Freitas, BA, Brazil. G 2 Universidade Católica do Salvador, Centro de Ecologia e Conservação Animal, Avenida Professor Pinto de Aguiar, 2589, CEP 41740-090. Salvador, N O BA, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Planejamento Territorial e Desenvolvimento Social. Avenida Cardeal da Silva, 205, CEP 40231-902. Salvador, BA, Brazil. OTES * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] N Abstract: Solifugids have previously been recorded in three Brazilian biomes. The present work extends the records Mummucia aff. mauryi Xavier & Rocha, 2001. for this order to the Atlantic Forest biome, specifically in restinga (sandy coastal plains) ecosystems. The specimen was identified as Solifugids (Arachnida: Solifugae) comprise the seventh within the district of Jandaíra in Bahia State, Brazil richest order among the arachnids, and are thus considered a mesodiverse group (Harvey 2002). These animals installed in each of the four phytophysiognomies of the are distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics, local(11°41′45″ restinga S, 37°30′28″(beach front, W). shrubTwenty-five area, humidpitfall traps zone, were and principally in desert or other hot environments (Dunlop forest) during four consecutive days, totaling 96 hours of and Klann 2009).
[Show full text]
Biogeographic History of South American Arid Lands: a View from Its Arthropods Using TASS Analysis
ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Arid Environments Journal of Arid Environments 66 (2006) 404–420 www.elsevier.com/locate/jnlabr/yjare Biogeographic history of South American arid lands: A view from its arthropods using TASS analysis S. Roig-Jun˜enta,Ã, M.C. Domıńgueza, G.E. Floresa, C. Mattonib aLaboratorio de Entomologıá, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas A´ridas (IADIZA, CRICYT) C.C.507, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina bCa´tedra de Diversidad Animal I, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fı´sicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Co´rdoba, Av. Ve´lez Sa´rsfield 299, 5000, Co´rdoba, Argentina Available online 7 March 2006 Abstract Arid and semi-arid ecosystems in South America include several different habitats, such as the Peruvian and Atacama Deserts of the Pacific Coast, Monte Desert of central Argentina, Patagonian steppes, Chaco xeric woodlands, Andean Puna, and Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga. All these areas belong to two biotic tracks, one stretching from Patagonia to the Peruvian coastal desert province, at approximately 51 South latitude in the Pacific coast of Peru and the second stretching on the coasts of the Atlantic ocean, from northern Patagonia to Caatinga. Twenty-one natural areas have been recognized and seventeen taxa of Arthropoda were analysed applying paralogy-free subtrees, using the TASS program. The obtained data matrix was analysed using NONA and TNT programs. The strict consensus tree shows that the first areas to become separate from the rest were Caatinga, septentrional deserts of Chile and Peru, the Uspallata-Calingasta Valley, and the natural areas from the western and eastern slopes of the Andes.
[Show full text]