Minimum System Requirements
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A Dual Core Processor Has Two Cores (Essentially, Two Cpus on One Chip)
Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology Al-Azhar University-Gaza Dr. Mohammad Aqel Microprocessors and Interfacing (ITCC 3301) Homework (1) Intel Core is a brand name used for various mid-range to high-end consumer and business microprocessors made by Intel. In general, processors sold as Core are more powerful variants of the same processors marketed as entry-level Celeron and Pentium. Similarly, identical or more capable versions of Core processors are also sold as Xeon processors for the server market. The current lineup of Core processors includes the latest Intel Core i7, Intel Core i5 and Intel Core i3, and the older Intel Core 2 Solo, Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2 Quad, and Intel Core 2 Extreme lines. 1- The original Core brand refers to Intel's 32-bit dual-core x86 CPUs. 2- Unlike the Intel Core, Intel Core 2 is a 64-bit processor, supporting Intel 64. The Core brand comprised two branches: the Duo (dual-core) and Solo (Duo with one disabled core). A dual core processor has two cores (essentially, two CPUs on one die (piece) silicon chip (IC)). Core2Duo is a specific dual-core processor design. Thus, all Core2Duo CPUs are dual-core CPUs, but not all Intel dual-core CPUs are Core2Duo designs. Core 2 is a brand encompassing a range of Intel's consumer 64-bit x86-64 single-, dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture. The single- and dual-core models are single-die, whereas the quad-core models comprise two dies, each containing two cores, packaged in a multi-chip module. -
Linux Sound Subsystem Documentation Release 4.13.0-Rc4+
Linux Sound Subsystem Documentation Release 4.13.0-rc4+ The kernel development community Sep 05, 2017 CONTENTS 1 ALSA Kernel API Documentation 1 1.1 The ALSA Driver API ............................................ 1 1.2 Writing an ALSA Driver ........................................... 89 2 Designs and Implementations 145 2.1 Standard ALSA Control Names ...................................... 145 2.2 ALSA PCM channel-mapping API ..................................... 147 2.3 ALSA Compress-Offload API ........................................ 149 2.4 ALSA PCM Timestamping ......................................... 152 2.5 ALSA Jack Controls ............................................. 155 2.6 Tracepoints in ALSA ............................................ 156 2.7 Proc Files of ALSA Drivers ......................................... 158 2.8 Notes on Power-Saving Mode ....................................... 161 2.9 Notes on Kernel OSS-Emulation ..................................... 161 2.10 OSS Sequencer Emulation on ALSA ................................... 165 3 ALSA SoC Layer 171 3.1 ALSA SoC Layer Overview ......................................... 171 3.2 ASoC Codec Class Driver ......................................... 172 3.3 ASoC Digital Audio Interface (DAI) .................................... 174 3.4 Dynamic Audio Power Management for Portable Devices ...................... 175 3.5 ASoC Platform Driver ............................................ 180 3.6 ASoC Machine Driver ............................................ 181 3.7 Audio Pops -
Auzentech Vista Installation Instructions
SOUND CARD COMPARISON CHART, 2 of 2 Sound Blaster® AUZEN AUZEN X-Fi Xtreme Gamer X-MERIDIAN 7.1 X-Fi™ Prelude 7.1 FATAL1TY Pro Audio Processor CMI8788 X-Fi™(20K1) X-Fi™(20K1) Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) 115dB 115dB 109dB 64 RAM - Yes Yes 64bit OS support Yes Yes Yes Max. No. of 3D Voices 128 128 128 Max. Audio Resolution 24-bit/192kHz in 2ch Stereo 24-bit/192kHz in 2ch Stereo 24-bit/192kHz in 7.1 Playback & Quality 24-bit/96kHz in 7.1 24-bit/96kHz in 7.1 Max. Recording/Sampling Rate 24-bit/192kHz 24-bit/96kHz 24-bit/96kHz 24-bit/192kHz AK4396VF 24-bit/96kHz AK4396VF DAC(s) 24-bit/96kHz (120dB-part spec.) X 4pcs (120dB-part spec.) X 4pcs 24-bit/192kHz AK5385BVF 24-bit/96kHz AK5394AVS ADC 24-bit/96kHz (114dB-part spec.) X 1pc (123dB-part spec.) X 1pc 4 pcs / Dual DIP type / 1 pc / Dual DIP type / OPAMP Swappable design for DIY, Swappable design for Front SMD type (Preout circuit for DAC output) final sound quality and color (LM4562), managed by OPAMP 3 pcs / SMD type (OPA2134) Digitally-controlled analog switch for relay switching noise removal Relay Switching Noise Free NA NA User tuning available for high quality sound OPAMP 2 pcs / SMD type 2 pcs / SMD type SMD type (preinput circuit for ADC input) OPAMP 1 pc / SMD type 1 pc / SMD type SMD type (preinput circuit for MIC input) Max Output level 5 Vrms / Powerful sound 5 Vrms / Powerful sound 2.0Vrms EAX® / DirectSound 3D Yes / EAX 2.0 Yes / EAX 5.0 Yes / EAX 5.0 Max. -
CISC Processor - Intel X86
Architecture of Computers and Parallel Systems Part 4: Intel x86 History Ing. Petr Olivka [email protected] Department of Computer Science FEI VSB-TUO Architecture of Computers and Parallel Systems Part 4: Intel x86 History Ing. Petr Olivka [email protected] Department of Computer Science FEI VSB-TUO Architecture of Computers and Parallel Systems Part 4: Intel x86 History Ing. Petr Olivka [email protected] Department of Computer Science FEI VSB-TUO CISC Processor - Intel x86 This chapter will introduce the CISC processors evolution. We will try to illustrate the history on one typical processor, because the comparison of multiple processors simultaneously would not be clear for readers. But the selection of one typical processor is complicated due to a variety of products and manufactures in the past 30 years. We have decided to describe in this presentation one of the best- known and longest mass-produced processors in existence. We definitely do not want to say that it is the best technology or that these are processors with the highest performance! The Intel x86 processors are the selected product line. Intel 8080 (Year-Technology-Transistors-Frequency-Data bus-Address Bus) Y: 1974 T: NMOS 6μm Tr: 6000 F: 2MHz D: 8b A: 16b This 8 bit processor is not directly the first member of x86 series, but it can not be skipped. It is one of the first commercially successful microprocessors. This microprocessor became the basis for a number of the first single-board computers and its instruction set inspired other manufacturers to develop 8-bit processors. -
Inside Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture and Smart Memory Access an In-Depth Look at Intel Innovations for Accelerating Execution of Memory-Related Instructions
White Paper Inside Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture and Smart Memory Access An In-Depth Look at Intel Innovations for Accelerating Execution of Memory-Related Instructions Jack Doweck Intel Principal Engineer, Merom Lead Architect Intel Corporation Entdecken Sie weitere interessante Artikel und News zum Thema auf all-electronics.de! Hier klicken & informieren! White Paper Intel Smart Memory Access and the Energy-Efficient Performance of the Intel Core Microarchitecture Introduction . 2 The Five Major Ingredients of Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture . 3 Intel® Wide Dynamic Execution . 3 Intel® Advanced Digital Media Boost . 4 Intel® Intelligent Power Capability . 4 Intel® Advanced Smart Cache . 5 Intel® Smart Memory Access . .5 How Intel Smart Memory Access Improves Execution Throughput . .6 Memory Disambiguation . 7 Predictor Lookup . 8 Load Dispatch . 8 Prediction Verification . .8 Watchdog Mechanism . .8 Instruction Pointer-Based (IP) Prefetcher to Level 1 Data Cache . .9 Traffic Control and Resource Allocation . 10 Prefetch Monitor . 10 Summary . .11 Author’s Bio . .11 Learn More . .11 References . .11 2 Intel Smart Memory Access and the Energy-Efficient Performance of the Intel Core Microarchitectures White Paper Introduction The Intel® Core™ microarchitecture is a new foundation for Intel® architecture-based desktop, mobile, and mainstream server multi-core processors. This state-of-the-art, power-efficient multi-core microarchi- tecture delivers increased performance and performance per watt, thus increasing overall energy efficiency. Intel Core microarchitecture extends the energy-efficient philosophy first delivered in Intel's mobile microarchitecture (Intel® Pentium® M processor), and greatly enhances it with many leading edge microarchitectural advancements, as well as some improvements on the best of Intel NetBurst® microarchitecture. -
Intel® Technology Journal the Original 45Nm Intel Core™ Microarchitecture
Volume 12 Issue 03 Published October 2008 ISSN 1535-864X DOI: 10.1535/itj.1203 Intel® Technology Journal The Original 45nm Intel Core™ Microarchitecture Intel Technology Journal Q3’08 (Volume 12, Issue 3) focuses on Intel® Processors Based on the Original 45nm Intel Core™ Microarchitecture: The First Tick in Intel’s new Architecture and Silicon “Tick-Tock” Cadence The Technical Challenges of Transitioning Original 45nm Intel® Core™ 2 Processor Performance Intel® PRO/Wireless Solutions to a Half-Mini Card Power Management Enhancements Greater Mobility Through Lower Power in the 45nm Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture Improvements in the Intel® Core™ 2 Penryn Processor Family Architecture Power Improvements on 2008 Desktop Platforms and Microarchitecture Mobility Thin and Small Form-Factor Packaging for Intel® Processors Based on Original 45nm The First Six-Core Intel® Xeon™ Microprocessor Intel Core™ Microarchitecture More information, including current and past issues of Intel Technology Journal, can be found at: http://developer.intel.com/technology/itj/index.htm Volume 12 Issue 03 Published October 2008 ISSN 1535-864X DOI: 10.1535/itj.1203 Intel® Technology Journal The Original 45nm Intel Core™ Microarchitecture Articles Preface iii Foreword v Technical Reviewers vii Original 45nm Intel® Core™ 2 Processor Performance 157 Power Management Enhancements in the 45nm Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture 169 Improvements in the Intel® Core™ 2 Penryn Processor Family Architecture 179 and Microarchitecture Mobility Thin and Small Form-Factor Packaging -
Intel Roadmap Directions 2006 a Resource Guide for Cios and IT Professionals
Intel Roadmap Directions 2006 A Resource Guide for CIOs and IT Professionals October – December 2006 Continuing its initiatives to constantly increase performance of desktop, mobile and server platforms, Intel now ushers in a path- breaking technology that is sure to change the world of computers. Intel has launched the industry's first Quad-Core processors that provide breakthrough performance and capabilities. Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processors for the ultimate in powerful, dense and energy efficient servers and Intel® Core™2 Extreme Quad-Core processors for desktop platforms. This edition of the Intel Roadmap Directions gives you more information on the new Multi-Core microarchitecture for servers, desktops and shows you how they will impact the performance of your IT infrastructure. Redefining performance with Multi-Core IT managers are continually faced with providing more Intel multi-core platforms will enhance computing experience services to more users, meeting higher performance by: expectations, storing and managing ever-growing amounts l Improving performance of today’s existing multi-threaded of data, maintaining availability and stability, and improving applications security. To meet many of these challenges, they’ve turned l Boosting overall system performance while remaining to Intel® Itanium® 2 processors and Intel® Xeon® processors. within acceptable power and thermal envelopes And now a transformative technology such as the Intel® multi-core processor-based platform has come along to l Increasing responsiveness of applications in multi-tasking dramatically push performance to a new level, solve pressing environments challenges, and provide new avenues for innovation. Today’s l Enabling new applications and humanlike intelligence in multi-core server processors are a critical industry inflection desktop, laptop, and other small form factors that may point. -
Intel® Core™2 Duo Mobile Processor for Intel® Centrino® Duo Mobile Processor Technology
Intel® Core™2 Duo Mobile Processor for Intel® Centrino® Duo Mobile Processor Technology Datasheet September 2007 Document Number: 314078-004 INFORMATIONLegal Lines and Disclaimers IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL® PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. UNLESS OTHERWISE AGREED IN WRITING BY INTEL, THE INTEL PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED NOR INTENDED FOR ANY APPLICATION IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE INTEL PRODUCT COULD CREATE A SITUATION WHERE PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH MAY OCCUR. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked "reserved" or "undefined." Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. The information here is subject to change without notice. Do not finalize a design with this information. The products described in this document may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request. Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications and before placing your product order. -
Audio You Can Believe Intm
www.auzentech.com auzen AUDIO YOU CAN BELIEVE INTM PRICING MSRP : $249.99 CODE (EAN / UPC) • EAN : 0859702001347 • UPC : 859702001347 SPECIFICATIONS • Box Size : 23 x 23 x 11(cm) 9 x 9 x 4.33 (Inch) • Box weight : 0.9kgs / 2lbs • Case Count : 10 • Case Size : 48 x 25 x 57(cm) 18.90 x 9.84 x 22.44 (Inch) • Case Weight : 9kgs / 20lbs PART NUMBERS Auzentech : AZT-XFHTHD PLACING ORDERS Auzentech, Inc 2000 Wyatt Dr, Suite 13 Key Features Technical Specifications Santa Clara, CA 95054 Ph 408.727.6212, Fax 408.727.6275 • Support high bit rate audio such as Dolby ® True-HD and HDMI e-mail : [email protected] DTS-HD Master Audio™ in bitstream • Video www.auzentech.com • Support Advanced HDMI 1.3 HD audio pass-through - Supports deep color 30/36-bit color depth • Support PCM 8ch 24bit/192Khz - Resolutions up to 1080p @ 60Hz or 720p/1080i @ BASIC REQUIREMENTS • Support Blu-Ray via Cyberlink’s PowerDVD latest application 120Hz • Non-downsampled Blu-ray HD Audio - Color space conversion between RGB, YCbCr 4:4:4 • Intel® Pentium® 4 1.6 GHz or AMD® Athlon • PCI Express compliant and 4:2:2 or equivalent processor, 1.6GHz or faster - CEA-861D Video resolution(DTV) • Support for Dolby Digital Live for Windows XP and Vista, and • Microsoft® Windows® Vista 32/64-bit with DTS Neo:PC & DTS Interactive for Vista • Audio Service Pack 1 (SP1), Windows XP® Profes- • New Creative X-Fi 20k2 Audio Processor - Supports IEC60958 2-channel PCM or IEC61937 sional x32/64 Edition, Windows XP® with compressed audio (Dolby Digital, DTS, etc.) • 64Mbytes of memory for audio -
TEST REPORT FEBRUARY 2006 System Performance in Common
TEST REPORT NOVEMBER 2006 System performance in common business scenarios that utilize new user interface features in Microsoft Windows Vista Executive summary KEY FINDINGS Intel Corporation (Intel) commissioned Principled Technologies (PT) to compare the performance in common z The Intel® vProTM technology based PC with business scenarios that utilize advanced user interface the Intel® CoreTM 2 Duo processor E6700 features in Microsoft Windows Vista of an Intel vPro yielded significant performance advantages technology based PC with that of three other platforms. We for usersTEST on our sampleREPORT tests that take tested three scenarios that took advantage of various new advantage of some of the new user-interface features of Windows Vista. We made a combination of hard featuresFEBRUARY in Windows Vista. 2006 performance measurements and subjective quality z For example, the Intel vPro technology assessments on the following systems: based PC finished our tasks on average 2.72 times faster than the Intel® Pentium® 4 • Intel Core 2 Duo processor E6700 on an Intel vPro processor 2.8GHz based PC. 965 (DQ965GF) motherboard z These performance improvements translate ® ® • Intel Pentium D processor 930 on an Intel into multi-second time savings that would be D945GTP motherboard noticeable to users. • Intel Pentium 4 processor 630 on an Intel D945GTP z The older system with the Intel Pentium 4 motherboard processor 2.8GHz on the Intel D865GBF • Intel Pentium 4 processor 2.8 GHz on an Intel motherboard did not have the capabilities D865GBF motherboard necessary to support all of the new Windows Vista features the tests utilized. As Figure 1 shows, the Intel vPro technology based PC with the Intel Core 2 Duo processor E6700 significantly outperformed the other PCs in the two scenarios in which we made hard performance measurements. -
Linux Sound Documentation
Linux Sound Documentation The kernel development community Jul 14, 2020 CONTENTS i ii CHAPTER ONE ALSA KERNEL API DOCUMENTATION 1.1 The ALSA Driver API 1.1.1 Management of Cards and Devices Card Management void snd_device_initialize(struct device * dev, struct snd_card * card) Initialize struct device for sound devices Parameters struct device * dev device to initialize struct snd_card * card card to assign, optional int snd_card_new(struct device * parent, int idx, const char * xid, struct mod- ule * module, int extra_size, struct snd_card ** card_ret) create and initialize a soundcard structure Parameters struct device * parent the parent device object int idx card index (address) [0 ⋯(SNDRV_CARDS-1)] const char * xid card identification (ASCII string) struct module * module top level module for locking int extra_size allocate this extra size after the main soundcard structure struct snd_card ** card_ret the pointer to store the created card instance Creates and initializes a soundcard structure. The function allocates snd_card instance via kzalloc with the given space for the driver to use freely. The allocated struct is stored in the given card_ret pointer. Return Zero if successful or a negative error code. struct snd_card * snd_card_ref(int idx) Get the card object from the index Parameters 1 Linux Sound Documentation int idx the card index Description Returns a card object corresponding to the given index or NULL if not found. Release the object via snd_card_unref(). int snd_card_disconnect(struct snd_card * card) disconnect all APIs from the file-operations (user space) Parameters struct snd_card * card soundcard structure Disconnects all APIs from the file-operations (user space). Return Zero, otherwise a negative error code. -
Boulder Lake
Overview of Intel® Core 2 Architecture and Software Development Tools Overview of Architecture & Tools We will discuss: What lecture materials are available What labs are available What target courses could be impacted Some high level discussion of underlying technology Objectives After completing this module, you will: Be aware of and have access to several hours worth of MC topics including Architecture, Compiler Technology, Profiling Technology, OpenMP, & Cache Effects Be able create exercises on how to avoid coding common threading hazards associated with some MC systems – such as Poor Cache Utilization, False Sharing and Threading load imbalance Be able create exercises on how to use selected compiler directives & switches to improve behavior on each core Be able create exercises on how to take advantage VTune analyzer to quickly identify load imbalance issues, poor cache reuse and false sharing issues Agenda Multi-core Motivation Tools Overview Taking advantage of Multi-core Taking advantage of parallelism within each core (SSEx) Avoiding Memory/Cache effects Why is the Industry moving to Multi-core? In order to increase performance and reduce power consumption Its is much more efficient to run several cores at a lower frequency than one single core at a much faster frequency Power and Frequency Power vs. Frequency Curve for Single Core Architecture 359 309 259 Dropping Frequency 209 = Large Drop Power 159 Lower Frequency Power (w) Allows Headroom 109 for 2nd Core 59 9 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6