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Solar Park: the Next Generation Energy Source in Bangladesh

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Solar Park: the Next Generation Energy Source in Bangladesh Journal of Energy Research and Reviews 4(2): 9-19, 2020; Article no.JENRR.54460 ISSN: 2581-8368 Solar Park: The Next Generation Energy Source in Bangladesh Zafrin Ahmed Liza1 and Mohammad Rakibul Islam2* 1Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh. 2Islamic University of Technology, Bangladesh. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both the authors. Author ZAL designed the study, managed the literature searches, wrote the challenges and social impact part and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author MRI wrote the solar energy and solar park part and performed the technical analysis. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JENRR/2020/v4i230121 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Huan-Liang Tsai, Professor, Department of Electric Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Taiwan. Reviewers: (1) Peter Stallinga, University of the Algarve, Portugal. (2) Semassou Guy Clarence, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/54460 Received 28 November 2019 Original Research Article Accepted 03 February 2020 Published 14 February 2020 ABSTRACT The continuous depletion of fossil fuel reserves and threats on climate change makes it essential for searching alternative energy sources. Renewable energy can play a vital role in this regard. Solar energy is the most promising renewable energy source available so far. In this paper, the availability of solar energy in Bangladesh and the prospects of solar photovoltaic based power generation are discussed. Analysis for different sources of solar energy is revealed. Especially the current scenario and prospect of Solar Park is investigated. And the result shows that according to the future plan, Solar Park is going to hold the largest share among all the renewable energy sources. According to the Renewable Energy Master Database, the total renewable energy capacity including all categories is about 2.4 GW. Among these, solar park projects are the main contributors in terms of capacity which is 2,110.56 MW. Keywords: Renewable energy; solar park; photovoltaic electricity potential and global horizontal irradiation. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Liza and Islam; JENRR, 4(2): 9-19, 2020; Article no.JENRR.54460 1. INTRODUCTION with the start of construction of Country’s first hydroelectric project on Karnaphully river at The economy of Bangladesh is the 42nd largest Kaptai, Chittagong. On the other hand, SHS has in the world in nominal terms, and 31st largest by become the biggest renewable energy program purchasing power. It is classified among the next in Bangladesh and so far installed 5.8 million eleven emerging middle income economies and units [7]. At present, the different categories of a frontier market. According to the International renewable energy that are being used in Monetary Fund (IMF), Bangladesh's economy is Bangladesh are hydro-electricity, Solar power the second fastest growing major economy of using solar PV, wind power, electricity from 2016, with a rate of 7.1% [1,2]. Also the projected municipal waste, bio gas using cattle dung and real GDP for 2020 is 7.4 [3]. This ever growing poultry liter and finally electricity and thermal economy needs the constant availability of energy generation from biomass like rice husk energy. Natural gas is the key source of energy bagasse, waste residues from industrial in Bangladesh. As technology is advancing, the processes etc. The present state of the consumption of power is steadily rising. Sufficient renewable energy for electricity generation is and reliable source of electricity is a major shown in the Table 1. prerequisite for a sustainable and successful economic development [4]. According to future Table 1. Present state of the renewable planning, in order to secure energy sources in energy for electricity generation in 2021 especially oil, gas and coal, substitute Bangladesh [6] energy sources such as wind, hydro and solar energy has been brought into considera- Technology Off-grid On-grid Total tion. (MW) (MW) (MW) Solar 313.55 80.43 393.98 Several financial incentives have been extended Wind 2 0.9 2.9 by the government to Renewable Energy project Hydro 0 230 230 designers and investors. Devoted funding Biogas to 0.63 0 0.63 support has also been prolonged through Electricity government financial institutions like Bangladesh Biomass to 0.4 0 0.4 Bank, IDCOL and private commercial banks. Electricity Moreover, government has extended financial Total 316.58 311.33 627.91 incentives including duty exemption on certain renewable energy products like solar panel and 3. SOLAR ENERGY its manufacturing accessories, charge controller, Inverter, LED light, solar operated light and wind Solar energy is a renewable and free source of power plant. Encouraged by the success of solar energy that is sustainable and totally home system (SHS), government has initiated inexhaustible, unlike fossil fuels that are limited. number of programs like, solar irrigation, solar Solar panels are able to harness the energy from mini/micro-grid, solar park, and solar roof top. the sun and convert it into electricity. It is also a The main focus of this step is to deliver electricity non-polluting source of energy which does not to the rural areas and to decrease the emit any greenhouse gases when producing dependency on diesel and in turn reduce the electricity. Therefore, the use of solar panels is carbon emission. environment friendly. Therefore it reduces dependence on foreign oil and fossil fuels. It has Several researches have been published to virtually no maintenance as solar panels last over explore the prospect of Renewable Energy 30 years. It creates jobs by employing solar Resources in Bangladesh [5,6]. But there are no panel manufacturers and solar installers and in research works available on the impact of solar turn helps the economy. It can be installed park on the development of this country. This virtually anywhere. Another advantage of solar research work is intended to explore the possible power is its safety compared to traditional electric impact of solar park in Bangladesh. current [8]. Besides the advantages, it has some drawbacks as well. It has a high initial cost for 2. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN material and installation and it needs lots of BANGLADESH space. There is no solar power at night so there is a need for a large battery bank. Depending on Bangladesh has a long heritage in the field of geographical location the size of the solar panels renewable energy, which started back in 1957 vary for the same power generation. Solar 10 Liza and Islam; JENRR, 4(2): 9-19, 2020; Article no.JENRR.54460 powered cars do not have the same speeds and Many residential PV systems are connected to power as typical gas powered cars. the grid wherever available. In these grid- connected PV systems, use of energy storage is 3.1 Mainstream Technologies optional. In some applications such as satellites, lighthouses, or in developing countries, batteries Many industrialized nations have installed or additional power generators are often added significant solar power capacity into their grids to as back-ups. Such power systems permit provide a substitute to conventional energy operations at night. sources while an increasing number of less developed nations have turned to solar to reduce 3.1.2 Concentrated solar power dependence on expensive imported fuels. Solar power plants use one of three technologies. The Concentrated solar power uses lenses or mirrors first one is the Photovoltaic (PV) systems which and tracking systems to concentrate sunlight and use solar panels, either on rooftops or in ground- then use the resulting heat to generate electricity mounted solar farms, converting sunlight directly from conventional steam-driven turbines. into electric power. The second one is the concentrated solar power or concentrated solar Among the best known concentrating thermal plants which use solar thermal energy to technologies are the parabolic trough, the make steam and then converted into electricity compact linear fresnel reflector, the stirling dish by a turbine. The third one is a hybrid one. and the solar power tower. Various methods are used to track the sun and focus light. In all of 3.1.1 Photovoltaic these methods, a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight and is then used for power A solar cell or PV cell is a device that converts generation or energy storage [10]. Thermal light into electric current using the photovoltaic storage efficiently allows up to 24-hour electricity effect. The array of a PV system produces direct generation [11]. current (DC) power which fluctuates with the sunlight's intensity. For practical use this requires 3.1.3 Hybrid systems the conversion to alternating current (AC), through the use of inverters/converters. This can A hybrid system combines PV and CSP with one also be fed into the utility grid. Multiple solar cells another or with other forms of generation such as are connected inside modules. Modules are diesel, wind and biogas. The combined form of wired together to form PV solar array. From this generation enables the system to modulate array it goes to the power conditioner through power output as a function of demand. Hybrid blocking diode. In power conditioning block it systems are most often found on islands where takes the decision to store it directly or convert. the idea is to increase the efficiency of the invert it to use it locally. Such system is shown in combined solar/thermoelectric system to convert Fig. 1. the solar radiation into useful electricity [9]. Fig. 1. Block diagram of a PV power system 11 Liza and Islam; JENRR, 4(2): 9-19, 2020; Article no.JENRR.54460 a) Photovoltaic power potential b) Global horizontal irradiation Fig. 2. Photovoltaic power potential and global horizontal irradiation for Bangladesh 12 Liza and Islam; JENRR, 4(2): 9-19, 2020; Article no.JENRR.54460 3.2 Solar Energy Situation in Bangladesh b) shows the installed solar energy in the last five years based on both on-grid and off grid.
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