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East Midlands TVAS EAST MIDLANDS Land at Washpit House, Grafton Road, Brigstock, Northamptonshire Archaeological Watching Brief by Josh Hargreaves and Eleanor Boot Site Code: GRB20/140 (SP 9423 8294) Land at Washpit House, Grafton Road, Brigstock, Northamptonshire Archaeological Earthwork Survey and Watching Brief For Mr Dan Kantorovich By Joshua Hargreaves and Eleanor Boot TVAS East Midlands GRB 20/140 February 2021 Summary Site name: Land at Washpit House, Grafton Road, Brigstock, Northamptonshire Grid reference: SP 9423 8294 Site activity: Earthwork Survey and Watching Brief Date and duration of project: 26th – 30th November 2020 Project coordinator: Steve Ford Site supervisor: Joshua Hargreaves Site code: GRB 20/140 Event numbers: ENN109995 and ENN109996 Area of site: c. 9860 sq m Summary of results: The earthwork survey showed evidence of a slight sunken trackway running N-S towards the remains of a medieval dam and post-medieval causeway. It further mapped the slope of natural valley sides. The observation of ground reduction works revealed a bank revetment probably relating to the medieval hunting lodge and its pond (The Great Pond). A large post-medieval quarry pit was also observed and part investigated. Location and reference of archive: The archive is presently held at TVAS East Midlands, Wellingborough and will be deposited at the Northamptonshire Archives Store in due course. This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. All TVAS unpublished fieldwork reports are available on our website: www.tvas.co.uk/reports/reports.asp. Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford 27.02.21 Steve Preston 27.02.21 i TVAS East Midlands, 4 Bentley Court, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, NN8 4BQ Tel: (01933) 277 377, Email: [email protected], Website: www.tvas.co.uk/eastmidlands Land at Washpit House, Grafton Road, Brigstock, Northamptonshire An Archaeological Earthwork Survey and Watching Brief By Joshua Hargreaves and Eleanor Boot Report 20/140 Introduction This report documents the results of an archaeological earthwork survey and watching brief carried out on land at Washpit House, Grafton Road, Brigstock, Northamptonshire (SP 9423 8294) (Fig. 1). The work was commissioned by Mr Dan Kantorovich, Keepers Lodge, Grafton Rd, Brigstock, Kettering NN14 3NA. Planning permission (19/01241/FUL) has been granted by East Northamptonshire District Council for the construction of a new house at the Keepers Lodge (aka Acwellsyke Lodge) on land at Washpit House, Grafton Road, Brigstock. The consent is subject to a condition (8) relating to archaeology. Due to the potential disturbance of below ground archaeological features, an earthwork survey was required, to be followed by an archaeological watching brief during any groundwork taking place on the site. This is in accordance with the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government’s National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF 2019) and the District’s policies on archaeology. This approach to field investigation was carried out to a specification approved by the District Council as advised by Northamptonshire County Archaeological Services. The fieldwork was undertaken by Joshua Hargreaves and Eleanor Boot on the 26th and 30th of November 2020 and the site code is GRB 20/140. The archive is presently held at TVAS East Midlands, Wellingborough and will be deposited at the Northamptonshire Archives Store in due course. Location, topography and geology The development site encompasses agricultural land located in a shallow valley south-west of Brigstock, Northamptonshire (Fig. 1). The site lies at approximately 58m above Ordnance Datum and is situated c.200m to the south-west of Keepers Lodge. The ground slopes from lodge gently down towards the site. A small un- named stream is located in a shallow valley at the base of this hill. The Great Pond that was created by damming this stream is overgrown with trees forming an area of wooded marsh land. South of the site, the land rises to a ridge at around 95m before Grafton Park Wood and the village of Grafton Underwood. The underlying geology 1 of the site is mapped as Kellaways Formation and Oxford Clay Formation (BGS 1990): The observed geology was primarily Oxford Clay formations with some mudstone observed to the south. Archaeological background The archaeological potential of the site has been highlighted in a brief for the project prepared by Ms Liz Mordue of Northamptonshire County Archaeological Service drawing on a desk-based heritage assessment (Dawson 2018). Within a 2km radius of the site several designated heritage assets are known. These include, the Scheduled Ancient Monument at Slipton Lodge, several listed buildings and houses in Brigstock Village and a moated site. There is potential for evidence of medieval and post-medieval archaeology, based on the site’s location close to the site of a medieval hunting lodge built by Edward I. The lodge burnt down and was rebuilt but remains of the medieval building were observed during construction of an extension in the 1990s. The site also lies on the north side of a historic pond (The Great Pond) created by a dam across a stream which dates before historic mapping of 1603 (Dawson 2018). In the 18th century the dam continued to form a causeway providing access between Brake Hills to the south and Land Ground to the north. This causeway has shaped the natural topography creating evidence of a sunken way. Various earthworks on the site are thought to relate to the dam construction work. Various metal-detector finds have been made in the area including a late Roman coin, late Medieval scabbard chape and post-medieval strap fitting. Objectives and methodology An earthwork survey was to be carried out prior to any groundwork. The purpose of this stage of field work was to determine the extent, form and possible character of any earthworks situated within the area of development, in line with Historic England guidance (HE 2017a), in order to assess the potential archaeological impact of development. The purpose of the watching brief phase of work was to excavate and record any archaeological deposits affected by the development. This involved continuous monitoring of all areas of intrusive groundworks during any ground invasive part of development. It was to include observation of surface stripping, ground reduction to the top of the relevant archaeological horizon and the excavation of foundation trenches, service trenches, landscaping works and all other invasive work as necessary. After initial ground reduction, observation of 2 foundation trenches was not required, due to a change of development plans with the laying of a piling foundation and piles been put in. The potential and significance of any deposits located was to be assessed according to the research priorities such as set out in the Historic England Research Agenda (HE 2017b) or local or thematic research priorities as necessary such as the East Midlands research agenda (Cooper 2006; Knight et al. 2012). Any archaeological features observed were to be cleaned and recorded using appropriate hand tools. Results Earthwork survey (Fig. 4) A topographical survey of development area was undertaken using a Trimble Geo7x hand-held GNSS system with sub-decimetre accuracy. Recordings were taken of spot heights of any break of slope and bases of slope, along with profiles across any earthworks. Notes were taken regarding site conditions, the earthworks and any other features worthy of comment. Earthworks were surveyed to allow an interpretation plan to be produced. The development area was situated in a larger field which was seen to slope down from a ridge in the west (70m aOD) in both a north-eastern (61m) and south-eastern direction (60.19m). The base of this slope is visible in the access road which also slopes gradually south towards the Great Pond, losing 1.3m. The earthwork is part of the natural topography formed by the outcrop of land on which Keepers Lodge sits. In the southern corner of the field, where the development site is situated, this slope becomes suddenly steeper, dropping 3m in a short distance (c. 20m). This is apparently a natural feature of the land dipping off into the valley created by the small stream running through the area of the great pond and beyond. Beyond the base of this natural slope the ground levels out for a short distance (c. 10m) before dropping away in a gradual slope into the wooded marsh land of the Great Pond (54.90m)(Pl. 4). This slope originally runs west to east before turning to run north-west to south-east following the edge of the pond. The earthwork appears to have been formed to dam the small stream and flood the valley to form the great pond. The ground drops 2.4m into the wooded marshland that now occupies the hollow left behind by this man-made feature. Along the western edge of the development area was a levelled field, not included within the development. Its edge made up the western boundary of site and this included an artificial earthwork where the field has been levelled, the ground dropping 2.75m into the development. A further earthwork was a dam and causeway aligned NNE-SSW across the small stream at the base of the valley with of length of c.110m. Constructed from limestone blocks the earthwork spanned the width of the 3 valley and dammed the small stream creating the great pond. The ground drops away 1.7m to the east and 2m to the west of the dam. Eroded over time the dam is barely visible below the grass and vegetation but remains in use as a causeway over the stream and wooded marsh land where the great pond was once situated. The final observed earthwork was located in the eastern part of site.
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