Benin Survey Attitudes to Democratic Capitalism: a Comparative Study of Political and Economic Reform in Africa
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Benin Survey Attitudes to Democratic Capitalism: A Comparative Study of Political and Economic Reform in Africa Principal Investigator: Raymond Duch May 2000 Technical Appendix National Science Foundation (SBR-9730464) Sampling for Benin Survey The basis for the initial stratification of the sample is the six administrative departments (regions) plus the two largest urban centres (i.e., urban centres with greater than 100,000 population). The sample size of each of the eight primary strata was distributed proportionate to the size of the eight region/urban strata in the total population. Within each of the six regions we adopted the following sampling strategy. Selection of Urban PSUs • We use the definition of urban centres adopted by the Institut National de la Statistique et de l’Analyse Economique du Benin (INSAE) – they define urban areas as towns with greater than 10,000 inhabitants. • The urban portion of the sample reflects the percentage of the total population residing in urban areas. This is based on INSAE’s estimate of the percentage of the Benin population residing in towns with greater than 10,000 inhabitants. • Two urban PSUs are selected from each of the six departmental regions. Two urban areas (Cotonou and Porto-Novo) constitute primary sampling strata. • The regional administrative centre in each region (i.e., the location of the department prefecture) is always selected as an urban PSU (i.e., has a selection probability of 1). • A second urban area PSU is selected from a complete listing of all other urban centres in the department (region). The second urban area PSU is selected randomly with each urban PSU having a probability of selection proportionate to its population. • The urban-rural split of the sample in each department is determined by the distribution of rural-urban populations in the department (once again, towns with greater than 10,000 inhabitants defined as urban). • Having defined the size of the total urban sample within the department, the sample size allocated to each of the urban centres is proportionate to the size of the two urban centres (i.e., the sample points allocated to Urban Centre I = (population of Urban Centre I)/(population of Urban Centre I + population of Urban Centre II) X urban sample points for the department. Selection of Rural PSUs • We use the definition of rural communities adopted by the Institut National de la Statistique et de l’Analyse Economique du Benin (INSAE) – they define rural communities as villages with less than 10,000 inhabitants. • The rural portion of the sample in each department reflects the percentage of the total population residing in rural areas within that department. This is based on INSAE’s estimate of the percentage of the Benin population residing in villages with less than 10,000 inhabitants. • The first stage of the sampling of rural PSUs consists of selecting all “sub-departmental” districts or “sous-prefecture” within a 50 kilometer radius of the largest urban center selected in the above urban PSU sampling. The numbers of sub-departmental districts falling within this 50 kilometer radius vary between about 5 and 10 sub-departmental districts. • The number of rural sampling points selected from each of the “sub- departmental” districts or “sous-prefecture” is determined by the percentage of the department’s population accounted for by each of the sub-departmental districts. Hence, if 50% of the department’s population falls in one sub-departmental district, then 50% of the rural sampling points are taken from that sub-department. • The next stage of the sampling exercise consists of enumerating all of the rural counties that fall within each of the “sub-departmental” districts or “sous-prefectures”. The numbers vary between about 4 and 10 rural counties. • “Rural counties” (“circonscription rurales”) are then selected randomly from each of the “sub-departmental” districts or “sous-prefectures” according to the following selection rule: a maximum of 17 (seventeen) interviews would be conducted in each “circonscription rurale” (rural county). • The following strategy was employed for selecting households and respondents within the rural counties: 1) the sectors (“quartiers”) of the rural county are enumerated (these are provided by INSAE); 2) sectors are randomly selected with chance of selection proportionate to their population (also provided by INSAE); 3) no more than 5 interviews were conducted in each sector of the rural county (circonscription rurale). Overall Sample Allocation for Benin. Sampling Strata Population % of Total Total Urban Urban Rural Rural Population Sample Urban %Rural % Sample PSU Sample PSU Oueme (Dept.) 697,436 14.2% 213 19.0% 81.0% 40 1 172 14 Atakora (Dept.) 649,308 13.2% 198 31.0% 69.0% 61 2 137 10 Mono (Dept.) 676,377 13.8% 206 24.0% 76.0% 50 2 157 16 Zou (Dept.) 819,002 16.7% 250 39.0% 61.0% 97 2 152 13 Atlantique (Dept.) 529,546 10.8% 162 19.0% 81.0% 31 1 131 11 Borgou (Dept.) 827,925 16.8% 253 35.0% 65.0% 88 2 164 11 Porto-Novo (urban) 179,138 3.6% 55 100.0% 0.0% 55 1 - Cotonou (urban) 536,827 10.9% 164 100.0% 0.0% 164 1 - 4,915,559 100% 1500 586 12 914 75 Example of Department of Zou Rural Sample Allocation within 50 Kilometer of Abomey (major urban center in department). Zou Sous Circonscription Total Rurale % Sample PSU Abomey Prefecture Rurale 222,477 152 Bohicon 38437 17% 26 2 Agongointo 2616 Avogbanna 4312 Gnidjazoun 2206 Lissezoun 2892 Ouassaho 6338 Passagon 6361 Saclo 3407 Sodome 10305 Cove 0 Djidja 47382 21% 32 3 Agondji 5595 Agouna 7776 Dan 6983 Dohouime 1711 Gobe 2053 Oungbegame 4074 Monsourou 4814 Mougnon 4468 Outo 2295 Setto 5672 Zoukou 1941 Za-Kpota 56598 25% 39 3 Allahe 5269 Assalin 7056 Houngomey 7328 Kpakpame 7496 Kpozoun 13420 Za-tanta 12047 Zeko 3982 Zagnanado 27291 12% 19 2 Agonli-Houegbo 4699 Baname 8055 Don-Tan 4251 Dovi-Centre 4757 Kpedekpo 5529 Zogbodomey 52769 24% 36 3 Akiza 7625 Avlame 5048 Cana1 4070 Cana2 3940 Dome 4695 Koussoukpa 3429 Kpokissa 4372 Massi 7767 Tanwe-Hessou 6709 Zoukou 5114 Total 13 Sampling of Rural Points Regarding selection of rural points within each district in a rural PSU, this was done randomly with probability proportionate to population. Because of the small sample size (between 8 and 20) allocated per rural district (C. R.), only one rural point was selected within each C. R. A typical example is this: Dept. - Atakora Rural PSU - Copargo Rural District - Amandana Number of interviews - 14 Rural points (Quartiers Rurals) in Amandana district are: Quartiers Rural Population Cumulative Population Koutchanhi 549 549 Foungon 732 1,281 Karkanbhandi 767 2,048 Setrah 821 2,869 Koubhebene 1,216 4,085 Amandana 1,370 5,455 Parkante 1,452 6,907 From the above, randomly, Setrah was selected for sampling. This procedure was applied to all the Quartiers Rurals sampled. Selection of Sampling Sectors within Sampling Point This stage involves dividing the selected towns into high (H) and low (L) density sectors. Thereafter, within each of the two categories, they will be divided into several sampling grids/units of fairly equal landmass. Thus, the sample allocation to each group of sectors i.e. high/low density sectors, will be proportionate to the number of sectors in each group. The selection of sectors to be included in the sample will be through a random process. Not more than 10 interviews will however, be conducted in each sampled sector/unit. Selection Of Dwelling Structures The next stage is the selection of dwelling structures. For the purpose of this study, a dwelling structure will be defined as a floor of a distinct residential building within a sector of a town. However, where a multi-store building is occupied by only one household, the entire building (and not the floors) would constitute a dwelling structure. Counting of floors will be carried out consistently from the upper floor down to the ground floor in an unbroken chain from building to building. On everyday of interview, throughout the study, the group interviewing technique will be adopted. A team consisting of six interviewers and one supervisor will assemble at a central point within the sector from where each interviewer will be given a starting point to make a fixed number of calls. The random route walk method with a fixed sampling interval will be used at this stage. The sampling interval is fixed, based on the size of the sample (and hence number of interviews to be conducted within each sector) and type of sector involved i.e. whether it is a high or low-density sector. Household’s Selection On entering a selected dwelling structure, the interviewer would determine the number of households within the structure. Having done that, he/she would use the Household Selection Grid or a random table to determine the household within which the interview would hold. For the purpose of our survey, a household is defined as the number of individuals living under the same roof and having a common feeding arrangement. Only residents who usually stay within the household will be interviewed. Visiting relations who have stayed for less than six months will not be regarded as household members. It should however be noted that, in a sampled single household residential apartment/building, the household would be automatically selected. Selection Of Individual Member Within The Selected Household To select the person to interview within a household, all the male/female adults (alternating the sex from one household to the other) aged 15-65 years in the household, will be listed by name. The listing will be done from the oldest to the youngest and one of them selected using the random grid table (i.e.