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JLP-Friends Apr 2014 Talk 5-8-14-Annotated.Pdf Collecting microfossils – Diatoms as Science and Art Janice L. Pappas April 11, 2014 Navicula Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh epivalve epicingula (4 bands) hypocingulum hypovalve Round et al. 1990 The Bodélé Depression—the source of diatomite. A diatomite dust cloud traveling across the Atlantic “The dustiest place on Earth.” Ocean from Africa. Charles Darwin, 1846, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society (London), 2: 26-30 Jago (Cape Verde Islands), some very fine dust was found adhering to the under side of the horizontal wind-vane at the mast-head; it appeared to have been filtered by the gauze from the air as the ship lay inclined to the wind. The wind had been for twenty-four hours previously E. N. E., and hence, from the position of the ship, the dust barfworld.com barfworld.com Diatomaceous earth—Aulacoseira granulata Giles 2005 Diatomite (kieselguhr), Bodélé Depression, Sahara Desert Darwin collected and sent some of the dust to C. G. Ehrenberg (1844)— The dust was found to be composed of diatoms. craticula.ncl.ac.uk craticula.ncl.ac.uk Neidium Mastogloia Kittonia Pyxilla craticula.ncl.ac.uk craticula.ncl.ac.uk Encyonema Round et al. 1990 David “Frez” Tetreault Oxyneis Sceptroneis caduceus Round et al. 1990 umich.edu Triceratium Tabellaria fenestrata craticula.ncl.ac.uk Diatoma tenue var. elongatum fcelter.fiu.edu var. geniculata microscopyview.com Nils Krӧger Brightwellia pinkava.asu.edu Meridion circulare Cylindrotheca fusiformis Arturo Agostino researcharchive. calacademy.org craticula.ncl.ac.uk Asterionella formosa Arachnoidiscus forum.mikroscopis.com researcharchive Actinoptychus .calacademy.org Perissonoë cruciata Cocconeis microscopyview.com Auliscus Asterolampra researcharchive.calacademy.org cfb.unh.edu Biddulphia Eunotia serra S.D. Porter clade.ansp.org westerndiatoms. colorado.edu Campylodiscus craticula.ncl.ac.uk Cymatopleura solea Hydrosera noricus Synedra capitata Dr. Ralf Wagner In freshwater periphyton: epiphytic and epizooic In geyser pools in Iceland (Photos: E. F. Stoermer) wildernessphotos.com In acidic peat bogs wikipedia.org In oceanic subduction zones In aerial habitats westerndiatoms.colorado.edu In East African soda lakes smhi.se (resting spores) exclusiveportfolioafrica.com In sea ice br.fgov.be pinkava.asu.edu helenatkinsonphd.blogspot.com westerndiatoms.colorado.edu Diatoms hitching a ride… Yellowish coating on killer whale skin is diatoms. NOAA Common murre with diatoms on The feathers. grooves or cracks in sloth hair carry diatoms. Croll and worldlandtrust.org Holmes 1982 1000birds.com Diatoms utilized in products and industry earthslivingclay.com saferbrand.com thomaslabs.com bedbugs.net poolsupplies.com voices.yahoo.com petsupersavers.com.au plantdoctor.com.au strombergschickens.com humatechina.en.alibaba.com diatomaceous.org brownrecluse-spiderbite.com adivaduavitamins.blogspot.com ⃝ U. S. is the largest producer of diatomite — 813,000 metric tons produced in 2011 International Diatomite Producers Association ⃝ 2,060,000 metric tons produced worldwide in 2011 ⃝ In 2009, 790,000 metric tons of diatomite had a value of $179 million Klamath Lake, Oregon freshwater fossil diatomite deposits Stephen P. Nagy Lompoc, California marine fossil diatomite deposits National Geographic 1979 chemeng.adelaide.edu.au ww2.chemistry.gatech.edu~kroeger/Kroeger/Biofuels.html chemeng.adelaide.edu.au hindawi.com Diatoms in pottery, bricks and other archaeological finds Stone Age pottery sherds from Kotka, Finland made of Ancylus clays with Melosira arenaria. (Battarbee 1988) Diatoms penetrating alveolar lung tissue Diatoms as Inspiration Diatom inspiration… Arachnoidiscus Science Photo Library Filip Knežić Interior dome of the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey A knitted shawl offthehookastronomy.blogspot.com trilobiteglassworks on etsy orbytnz breezyhillturning.com fionacampbellart.co.uk bbusbyarts.com jpolka.blogspot.com Matthew Curtis ceramicsnow.org antonveenstratextiles.com Diatom inspired sculptures Stephanodiscus Entomoneis Natural History Museum, NY Campylodiscus Artist: Alan Ross Artist: Alan Ross Portland, Oregon Artist: Fernanda D’agostino onlinegalleries.com Diatoms & collecting icollector.com parcoscientific.com Science, Diatoms, and Diatomists Antoine van Leeuwenhoek How to make a (1632-1723) van Leeuwenhoek microscope: micro.magnet.fsu.edu http://www.microscopy- uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy- uk.org.uk/mag/artjul07/hl-loncke2.html • van Leeuwenhoek’s drawings of sand grains as viewed omarleo168-microbiologia.blogspot.com through the microscope In 1702, van Leeuwenhoek probably saw diatoms with his • his description microscope and determined and illustration of their size by his unit of organisms measure—a sand grain. His thought to be diatoms are measurements are equivalent to equivocal and 20 – 120 μm. trailblazing.royalsociety.org unverifiable In 1703, diatoms were first discovered and illustrated in a published account in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, but the author’s name was not recorded. The uncredited discoverer of diatoms, describes his response (as communicated by Mr. C.) to letters previously written by van algalweb.net Leeuwenhoek that were published in the Transactions. His drawing resembles the freshwater taxon Tabellaria. He was the premier diatom expert in the 1800s Some slides from his collections wikipedia.org at University of Berlin Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795 – 1876) - zoologist Some of his diatom drawings at University of Berlin Reverend William Smith (1808-1857) – amateur turned professional - academic and diatomist He collected and mounted diatoms and had a lucrative business selling prepared slides and making mounts for microscopy-uk.org.uk victorianmicroscopeslides.com people. microscopy-uk.org.uk 1850 1851 earlytech.com victorianmicroscopeslides.com Pharmacist, school teacher, turned diatomist diatom.org ᵙ In 1833, he determined that diatom shells were composed of silica ᵙ By 1835, his discovery that diatoms were composed of two diatom.org parts to their shells was Kützing’s drawing of Frustulia splendens Friedrich Traugott Kützing published and noted by (1833) (1809-1893) Ehrenberg His original description and drawing of Cymbella pediculus westerndiatoms.colorado.edu gallica.bnf.fr Johann Diedrich Möller (1844 - 1907) – originated the art of diatom mounting In 1891, 4000 different diatoms were mounted on a 5 by 6 mm coverslip Coverslip mount of 121 diatoms gemmary.com (1880) 80 diatom species (1880) National Geographic, 1979 Geographic, National microscopy-uk.org.uk Henri-Ferdinand Van Heurck (1839 – 1909) - botanist He proposed that the resin from Styrax, a deciduous bush, could be used as a stable diatom mountant with a high refractive index in slide preparations. users.tellenet.be openlibrary.org unz.org bestor.be english.meeusen.com Slides from 1885 victorianmicroscopeslides.com Henri-Ferdinand Van Heurck (1839 – 1909) - botanist Watson & Sons 1923 Catalog – Van Heurck originally designed this microscope in 1891. antique- microscopes.com Astrid Cleve-Euler (1875 – 1968) ʘ In 1898 – First Ph.D awarded to a female scientist at Uppsala University, Sweden ʘ Botanist, chemist, geologist, diatomist ʘ Published many monographs on diatoms, papers in chemistry, and a text fof.se on biochemistry books.google.com biodiversitylibrary.org books.google.com Although 1,540 slide preparations and some raw wikipedia.org material are housed in Sweden, most of her collections, including slides, were lost. ~ 1948 Friedrich Hustedt (1886 – 1968) awi.de ʭ A school teacher for 32 years, becoming head teacher in 1924 at Hauffstraße in Bremen, Germany ʭ Gained increasing stature and standing in the scientific community and was encouraged and funded to study diatoms full time in 1939 when he decided to leave his teaching position ʭ Described over 2000 taxa ʭ Amassed the largest private diatom collection which was donated to the Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany awi.de with the stipulation that it be used for scientific research The popularity of diatoms Hardwicke’s Science-Gossip (1865 – 1902) archive.org archive.org Hardwicke’s Science-Gossip Advertisements to obtain diatoms in exchange for slide mounted organisms or other materials microscopist.net John Thomas Redmayne (1846 – 1880) – surgeon, physician, and amateur diatomist Single taxon slides Advertisement to exchange a self- published book of diatom micrographs for a microscope objective or slides Diatom collecting device microscopy-uk.org.uk described in Hardwicke’s - 1875 John Albert Long (1863-1945) – amateur diatom mounter Map and species list Darkfield Brightfield microscopy-uk.org.uk William Gatrell (1864 – 1902) – dentist; amateur turned commercial specimen mounter microscopy-uk.org.uk microscopist.net microscopy-uk.org.uk queckett.org microscopyu.com seedmagazine.com deepbluehome.blogspot.com victorianmicroscopeslides.com montanadiatoms.tripod.com mikroskopie-ph.de victorianmicroscopeslides.com museumofdust.blogspot.com wellcomeimages.org quekett.org hesartroom.blogspot.com mrkism.com victorianmicroscopeslides.com fineartamerica.com Modern Amateur Diatomists Klaus D. Kemp (Microlife Services) ◊ Specialist in diatom microslides and diatom arrangements ◊ Inspired by the mounts of J. D. Möller and R. I. Firth ◊ Provides identification strewn mounts and mounts to test microscope objectives http://www.diatoms.co.uk/ Klaus D. Kemp (Microlife Services) Stephen S. Nagy, M.D. – Psychiatrist and amateur diatomist (Montana Diatoms) http://montanadiatoms.tripod.com/
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