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Issues of Water Management in Albania in Light of Climate Change A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Rama, Klodjan Research Report Too much but not enough: Issues of water management in Albania in light of climate change Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies, No. 84 Provided in Cooperation with: Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Halle (Saale) Suggested Citation: Rama, Klodjan (2016) : Too much but not enough: Issues of water management in Albania in light of climate change, Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies, No. 84, ISBN 978-3-95992-034-6, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Halle (Saale), http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-69165 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/156486 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Klodjan Rama • Too much but not enough: Issues of water management in Albania in management water of Issues enough: not but much • Too Rama Klodjan In der Schriftenreihe Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies werden durch das IAMO Monographien und Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector Tagungsberichte herausgegeben, die sich mit agrarökonomischen in Transition Economies Fragestellungen zu Mittel- und Osteuropa beschäftigen. Wissen- In der Schriftenreihe Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in schaftlern, die in diesem Bereich forschen, steht die Schriftenreihe als Transition Economies werden durch das IAMO Monographien und Diskussionsforum offen. Tagungsberichte herausgegeben, die sich mit agrarökonomischen Fragestellungen zu Mittel- und Osteuropa beschäftigen. Wissen- schaftlern, die in diesem Bereich forschen, steht die Schriftenreihe als In its series Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Klodjan Rama Diskussionsforum offen. Economies IAMO publishes monographs and proceedings focusing on Too much but not enough: agricultural economic issues specific to Central and Eastern Europe. This series offers a forum to researchers studying this area. Issues of water management in In its series Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies IAMO publishes monographs and proceedings focusing on Albania in light of climate change agricultural economic issues specific to Central and Eastern Europe. This series offers a forum to researchers studying this area. Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development ISSN 1436-221X in Transition Economies ISBN 978-3-95992-034-6 ISSN 1436-221X ISBN 978-3-95992-034-6 84 Too much but not enough: Issues of water management in Albania in light of climate change Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies Edited by Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies IAMO Volume 84 Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies Too much but not enough: Issues of water Edited by Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development management in Albania in light of climate change in Transition Economies IAMO Volume 84 by Klodjan Rama IAMO 2016 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists the publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at: http://dnb.ddb.de. This thesis was accepted as a doctoral dissertation in fulfillment of the require- ments for the degree "doctor agriculturarum" by the Faculty of Natural Sciences III at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg on 29.03.2016. Date of oral examination: 20.06.2016 Supervisor and Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Insa Theesfeld Supervisor and Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Thomas Herzfeld Co-Reviewer: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Drini Imami Diese Veröffentlichung kann kostenfrei im Internet unter <www.iamo.de/dok/sr_vol84pdf> heruntergeladen werden. This publication can be downloaded free from the website <www.iamo.de/dok/sr_vol84pdf>. 2016 Leibniz-Institut für Agrarentwicklung in Transformationsökonomien (IAMO) Theodor-Lieser-Straße 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Tel.: 49 (345) 2928-0 Fax: 49 (345) 2928-499 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.iamo.de ISSN 1436-221X ISBN 978-3-95992-034-6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Completion of this doctoral thesis was possible with the support of many people, to whom I take the opportunity to express my immense gratitude. First of all, I am extremely grateful to my doctor parents, Prof. Dr. Insa Theesfeld and Prof. Dr. Thomas Herzfeld for their academic guidance, continuous support and en- couragement throughout the research work. Their doors were always opened for me. They often had to even sacrifice their family time and holidays to read the va- rious drafts I sent them. Thank you for all your help and support! I also would like to thank my RAP and IAMO colleagues for the stimulating discus- sions and their helpful advices throughout the research process. Especially, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Martin Petrick for his support during my early phases of the re- search. Furthermore, I would like to thank my Halle friends Ivan, Vasyl, Markus, Kuenda, Ariola, Taras, Frank, Giorgi, Felix, Bretti, Ilkay, Maria, Lena, Nizami, Gulmira, Andriy, Christa, Miranda, Konstantin and Eefje for the great times we enjoyed together. A special thank you goes to my officemates Diana Traikova, Doris Marquardt, Katharina Karsten, Iryna Kulyk and Nurzat Baisakova for having to cope with my mess once in a while. I also deeply appreciate the support of all IAMO's administration, especially Gabriele Mewes, Christian Drondorf, Silke Scharf, Sabine Tretin, Heike Lehmann and IT specialists Tim Illner, Lothar Lehmann and Jürgen Heep. In Albania, I would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Drini Imami from Tirana Agricultural University for his readiness to review this thesis and for his constructive comments and support. I would also like to thank my colleagues and friends Edvin Zhllima and Elvina Merkaj for sharing their ideas and inputs on different contextual issues that came up during the research and for helping me to establish contacts with diffe- rent actors involved in water management at the central and regional administra- tions. The work in the field was made easier thanks to the help of Xhemal Hasko, Fiqiri Xhabija, Artur Frroku and Ergert Pire. ii Acknowledgments Endless thank yous I owe to my dear friends Florian, Wiebke, Theresa, Georg, Alkida, Frederike, Aaron, Lili, Ervin, Qazim, Gezim, Loku, Ela, Johannes, Nic, Ad, Moritz, Oscar and Roman for supporting me intellectually and emotionally all these years. Last, but certainly not least, I would like to thank my family for everything. Finally, I gratefully acknowledge the financial support of IAMO. Without this sup- port, this work would have not been possible. Klodjan Rama Halle (Saale), 2016 SUMMARY This study aims at analysing the major issues concerning Albania’s water sector. Albania’s natural conditions are characterised by abundant quantities of water resources, often too much. Yet, the demands of, especially, the agricultural sector are still not fully met. The first issue dealt with in this study focuses on the assessment of the impacts of major institutional changes and policy reforms for sustainable water resource mana- gement enforced during the post-socialist transition period. Similar to other count- ries of Eastern Bloc, Albania underwent radical changes in the general institutional and legislative framework, including the water sector. One of the major policy reforms consisted in shifting the governance and management of irrigation systems from central state agencies to local water user groups, namely Water User Associa- tions/Organisations (WUA/O). These local water user groups were assigned respon- sibilities for delivering irrigation water to farmers and maintain lower-level irrigation and drainage canals. Additional changes in the institutional framework concerning management and governance of water resources are expected to take place in the course of Albania’s progression into the European Union. In this case, Albania is required to align its water-related legislation with the EU’s Water Framework Direc- tive. The second major issue investigated in the study concerns the involvement of local communities
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