CITY LEVEL PROJECTS

AYA NAGAR URBAN DEVELOPMENT Planned Development of Unauthorized Colonies Acknowledgements

It is said that for an artist to join establishment is a kiss of death. I was fully aware of this aphorism when the Minister of Urban Development, Mr. Kamal Nath, asked me to be the Chairman of the Urban Art Commission. I had three conditions before accepting the assignment and one of these was that DUAC should be allowed to carry out site specific studies for improving slums and unauthorized colonies. Subsequently, the Minister along with the then Lieutenant Governor of Delhi, Mr. Tejendra Khanna, and Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development, Dr. Sudhir Krishna, approved the proposal to carry out three dimensional studies for improving slums and unauthorized colonies. I am grateful for their support.

I would like to thank other members of the Commission, Eric P. Mall, Satish Khanna, Sonali Bhagwati and D. Diptivilasa for helping to make success of problematic urban design exercises and charting new paths.

I take this opportunity to thank senior consultants, architects, urbanists and planners as well as younger colleagues who have been working full time. DUAC Secretary, Vinod Kumar, and other permanent staff have enthusiastically supported us and guided us through government procedures. Many thanks to all of them. Delhi Urban Art Commission

Raj Rewal Chairman Raj Rewal Chairman Satish Khanna Member Sonali Bhagwati Member Eric P. Mall Member D. Diptivilasa Member & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development Vinod Kumar Secretary

DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION with gratitude duly acknowledges the valuable Duac Staff contributions of the following Government organizations in making this report:

Rajeev Kumar Gaur, Raghvendra Singh, Amit Mukherji, V. K.Tyagi, Siddharth Sagar, Neelam Bhagat, Manju Anjali, Indu Rawat, Nihal Chand Ministry of Urban Development Delhi Development Authority Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi North Delhi Municipal Corporation East Delhi Municipal Corporation Senior Consultant Municipal Corporation M N Ashish Ganju Municipal Council Advisory Consultant Geospatial Delhi Limited Sandeep Goel Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board Consultants BSES Rajdhani Power Limited Pritika Mandal Juhi Mehta BSES Yamuna Power Limited Rahul RWA’s and Area Councillors Preface

Half of Delhi lives in ramshackle slums and shabby unauthorized colonies. This state of buildings and complexes submitted through local municipal agencies. After taking over the affairs is a serious blot on the face of the city which has great historical monuments and direction of DUAC in 2011, members of the Commission arranged meetings with wide aspires to be a world class city. The centre of New Delhi is lined with leafy trees and can spectrum of advisors and formulated principles on which a building can be automatically boast of superb example of contemporary architecture but its growth under exploding and speedily approved and decided to take over the job of visualization and three population has disintegrated into shanty towns. dimensional planning for various aspects of the site specific designs which need to be My first memory of Delhi is that of a child going in a tonga from the railway station urgently developed if Delhi has to maintain standard as a world capital city. to our government quarter in New Delhi around a square which became our home A large part of Delhi lives in unauthorized colonies and slums and even the Master Plan for several years. The squares were built near Birla temple and when my father was of Delhi had suggested a detailed design proposal to augment the Master Plan based on promoted in the government hierarchy, he was offered an independent house with a ground realities. larger area but my mother refused to move as she had developed kinship with families In order to fulfil the requirements of neighbourhoods, wards, the DUAC has around the square. This was my first lesson in neighbourhood “mohalla” as an urban undertaken a few pilot projects which can be eventually developed in a manner that the phenomenon. local municipal agencies can implement them. In order to carry out these studies, DUAC In fact the word ‘urb’ in Latin stands for neighbourhood space. It was a period when developed in its own office a core group of architects and urban planners. This was done Connaught Place was the leisurely centre for social, shopping and cultural activities and on the basis of DUAC mandate that “the Commission may suo motu promote and the Old Delhi was lively and still gracious, dominated by Jama Masjid and Red Fort. Delhi’s secure the development, re-development of which no proposals in that behalf have been monuments like Humayun’s Tomb, Qutab Minar and Lodhi Garden were favourite places received from any local body”. for picnics. The studies involve the visual tools for ground studies combined with extra assistance Seventy years have passed since the tonga ride, Delhi has dramatically changed as the of Google images. It is hoped that the proposals and their conclusions would be population of Delhi has exploded from under a million before partition in 1947 to about evolved to such an extent that a process can be worked out with the resident welfare twenty million today. associations to make meaningful designs for the neighbourhood upgradation for the As a Professor in the School of Planning and Architecture in Delhi, I had ample scope different kind of wards. of studying typology of Indian cities which helped me to design Asian Games Village in my The DUAC’s site specific designs are the seeds which can grow and it is hoped that mid-career around 1980 as a series of clusters (mohalla neighbourhood) woven around economic principles would be evolved to implement the meaningful neighbourhood pedestrian pathways, segregated from road networks. This was a low rise high density upgradation for the different kind of slums and wards. cannot remain shabby and housing built within the framework of 150 FAR (FSI 1.5). ramshackle forever and solutions have to be found for shanty towns. Delhi has changed even more drastically during the last thirty years since the Asian Games Village was built, but the idea of a city as a series of sympathetic, humane interconnected neighbourhood building blocks interspersed with social, cultural and educational facilities has remained embedded in my mind. Delhi Urban Art Commission was established to preserve, develop and maintain the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design within Delhi. During the last 40 years Raj Rewal Chairman, DUAC of its existence, DUAC has not received any three dimensional exercises which visualizes neighbourhoods, wards etc. The emphasis has often been only appraising individual January 2014 Contents Summary 1 Introduction 6 The spread of unauthorized construction in our cities has assumed significant proportions. 1.1 Unauthorized Colonies of Delhi 6 It is estimated that in Delhi, the population resident in unauthorized colonies is over 4 1.2 Regional Connectivity 7 million. Five years ago the governments, of the National Capital Territory of Delhi issued Existing Situation 8 2 ‘provisional regularization’ certificates to 1,639 unauthorized colonies to start the 2.1 Boundaries 8 process of redevelopment/renewal to bring them into the urban mainstream. However, 2.1.1 Zone Boundaries 8 2.1.2 Ward Boundaries 9 the morphology and urban structure of these colonies is different from the ‘greenfield’ 2.1.3 Aya Nagar Boundaries 10 planned development guided by the Delhi Master Plan.

2.2 Topography 11 A new paradigm is required to address and resolve the complex set of environmental, 2.3 Urban Growth in Recent Years 12 cultural, and legal issues arising from this ‘spontaneous’ development. 2.4 Physical Infrastructure 13 A representative ‘provisionally regularized’ unauthorized colony is Aya Nagar, situated 2.4.1 Water Supply and Drainage 14 2.4.2 Electric Supply 14 on the southwestern edge of Delhi. The original Aya Nagar settlement was a village 2.4.3 Solid-Waste Provisions 14 populated largely by the indigenous Gujjar community. Over the last three decades 2.5 Social Infrastructure 15 the village has grown to become home for migrants from all parts of the country. The 2.6 Urban Morphology 16 population is now over a lakh and a half of people mostly from a low-income background. 2.6.1 Natural Features & Open Space 16 The settlement is now a microcosm of urbanizing India, and it can serve as a model for 2.6.2 Streetscape 17 2.6.3 Housing 18 understanding the morphology of such ‘spontaneous’ urban developments taking place in most cities of the country. Analysis and Development Methodology 20 3 Our research has revealed that the development methodology should have four main 3.1 Analysis 19 drivers: community action, habitat design, recording the process of work, and raising of 3.2 Development Methodology 20 resources, both human and financial. 3.2.1 Physical Infrastructure - Drainage Scheme & Mobility 20 3.2.2 Social Infrastructure - Additional Community Facilities 20 The present study has identified three main components for effective planning 3.2.3 Sustainability Criteria / Characteristics - Energy Assessment 20 and development action. These are: improving physical infrastructure by making a 3.2.4 Physical Infrastructure 21 3.2.5 Social Infrastructure 21 decentralized, in situ, self-sustaining sewerage and drainage provision; by ensuring safety in mobility; evaluating the community’s requirement of social infrastructure and 4 Proposed Interventions 22 making provision for additional community facilities; making an assessment of the energy 4.1 Drainage Scheme 22 requirements and identifying sustainability criteria for the settlement. 4.2 Redesign of Road and Facilities Building on Gram Sabha Land 28 4.3 Festival Ground 30 4.4 Redevelopment of the Johar 32 4.5 Housing Development Proposals 34 5 Sustainability Criteria 35 5.1 Urban Morphology 35 5.2 Environmental and Economic 36 5.3 Social 37 5.4 Governance / Policy 37 6 Introduction CITY LEVEL Project Map showing 1,639unauthorized coloniesinDelhi 1.1 Unauthorized Colonies inDelhi Green Zones Water Channels ColonyUnauthorized copyright ©DUACcopyright 1.2 Regional Connectivity Sangam Vihar people ofDelhi’s population. ofthecity.fabric These coloniesaccommodateabout40-50lakh oftheurban part animportant coloniesform These unauthorized coloniesonsamescale. ofdifferent unauthorised Comparision Location of Aya Nagar Uttam Nagar Aya Nagar AYA NAGAR U BAN DEVEL • • • • • • destinations transport Distance from variousmajor course,ancient river now dry. byHills andravinesformed an government campuses, the Aravali border. The settlementisboundby RoadadjoiningtheHaryana in SouthDelhiontheMehrauli- The villageof Aya Nagarissituated 20.8 km ISBT DhaulaKuanto is 34.1km Gateto ISBT Kashmiri NH 236to Nagar is32.9km Old DelhiRailway Stationto Nagar is29.8km New DelhiRailway Stationto km IGI to Airport Aya Nagaris1.5km Aya Nagaris18.4 Aya Nagaris Aya Nagar OPMENT Aya Aya

7 Introduction 8 Existing Situation accommodated inthiszone. willbe total 20,67,000persons urbanization is8,268Ha. A Remaining areaavailable for Aya Nagar-185ha Asola Bird Sanctuary - 300 ha Green Belt-410ha -6,200ha.Regional Park of this: Zone-J area; 15,178ha., out south and east. Territory of Delhi boundary in west, and the National Capital National Highway No. 8 in the Badarpur road in the north, is bounded by the Mehrauli- Zone-J located in South Delhi, Boundaries 2.1.1 Zone 2.1 Boundaries Zone map overlay onGooglemap CITY LEVEL Project Zone-J map ofDDA Map showing allthewards inDelhi Ward 175overlay onGoogle map AYA NAGAR U BAN DEVEL Gadaipur Dera Village Gwal Pahari Mandi Jaunpur Aya Nagar The main settlements in the ward are: Aya Nagar–185ha. Total Area of Ward 175: 3191.25ha. 2.1.2 Ward Boundaries OPMENT

9 Existing Situation 10 Existing Situation Map showing Aya Nagarboundaries as aspontaneousdevelopment. typology which can be best described lands hasadifferent environmental established ontheonceagricultural country. The newresidentialcolony ofthe fromdifferent parts migrants grow withtheinfluxoflow-income establishments. developments related for security Government andmadeintoplanned were acquiredby theCentral Road along Mehrauli-Gurgaon evolved habitat. which developed asanorganically settledin originally Aya Nagarvillage The indigenousGujjarcommunity Boundaries 2.1.3 Aya Nagar CITY LEVEL Project In the 1980s the village started to In the1980svillagestarted of Parts Aya Nagarvillage Bird’s-eye viewofspontaneoussettlement Topographical map of Aya Nagar 2.2 Topography Village Johar fromPhase5 View ofPahari 3 1 1 4 Village Johar Ravines 3 4 2 AYA NAGAR U BAN DEVEL unfamiliar topography. on roads andpipedservices which imposessystemsofvehicular by aplanningparadigm generated ofproblems toavariety giving rise urbanpatterns contemporary of thenewcolony mimics city ofDelhi. connectingthevillageto terminus water supply facilities, andabus and broughtelectricity intervention agriculture. and the peoplewascattlerearing land andthemainoccupationof and water bodies created by bunds. of special conditions like slopes, valleys The topography presents a number The spontaneousdevelopment In 1970-72, government agricultural The areawasprimarily 2 OPMENT

11 Existing Situation 12 Existing Situation CITY LEVEL Project Aya Nagarblock map 2.3 Urban Growth inRecent Years 2010 2004 2007 2013 Density; 810PPH Area; 185ha Population; 1.5Lakh • • 6Phaseswith19blocks • • The settlementcomprises: growth. accelerated tothis contributing are thefactors colonies andtheMetrostation ofunauthorized regularization across theborder, theprovisional Nagar, establishing newboundaries. activity hasmorethandoubled in Aya In thelastdecade, theconstruction Urban development inGurgaon, extensionarea The LalDora The original Ambedkar Colony Aya Nagarvillage Bus terminus at Bus terminus Aya Nagar Map showing theexisting physical infrastructure inthesettlement. Arjangarh MetroStation 2.4 Physical Infrastructure 1 3 1 3 Primary road Primary Tertiary road Tertiary 2 4 2 AYA NAGAR U BAN DEVEL regulation. of durability, safety ortraffic paving isdonewithoutconsideration constant stateofdisrepair. Road the colony arepaved, but areina Station tothesettlement. connects the Arjan GarhMetro isavailable,Sewa autoservice which services. Metro Station)andby two bus the restofDelhiby Metro(Arjangarh The settlementiswell connectedto The roadswithinthevillageand Within Aya Nagar, theGramin 4 OPMENT

13 Existing Situation 14 Existing Situation CITY LEVEL Project Garbage dumped intheJohar are usedtodumpgarbagefromthehouseholds. along thestreets. There isnoplannedprovision for solid-waste management. The Johar, andemptyplots opendrains There isnosewagesysteminthesettlement. inopendrains The sewageandwastewater fromthehouseholdsruns 2.4.3 Solid-Waste Provisions Transformer ontheroad intheentiresettlementbyThere isprovision thegovernment, ofelectricity but notasperstandards. 2.4.2 ElectricSupply Delhi JalBoardBorewells Water supply is mainly through borewells by Delhi Jal Board.2.4.1 WaterThere Supply andDrainage are approximately 80 borewells in the entire settlement. Garbage dumped onopenplots wiresonstreet Electric Open Drains Sunday Market Road Sunday Market Map showing theexisting social infrastructure inthesettlement. Government Sarvodaya Government Sarvodaya Vidhyalaya 2.5 Social Infrastructure 1 2 3 1 Temple alongtheJohar Government HealthcareFacility 4 3 4 2 AYA NAGAR UBAN DEVEL children. andplaygrounds for the green parks like acommunity hall, Ghar, Barat the encroachmentisstillinprogress. and encroached uponby thevillagers reservation. oftheoriginal fraction available inthesettlementisasmall clinicsanddispensaries.small private government. There areabout8-10 facility recently openedby the residents ofthesettlement. which have beendeveloped by the schools primary about 12private government school. There are andoneseniorsecondary primary The settlementhasonly one There arenocommunity facilities Sabhalandis Most oftheGram Sabhalandpresently The Gram There isonly onehealthcare OPMENT

15 Existing Situation 16 Existing Situation Village Johar(2007) Sabhaland Gram CITY LEVEL Project Ravines filling andsaleoffilled-upland. are beingencroachedupby earth feature.are asignificantnatural These maintained. whichisnot is anaturereserve edgeof on thesouthern Aya Nagar and smallinarea. The forest land and notencroacheduponarefew spaces inthesettlement. open arethelargest The Johars Open Space 2.6.1 NaturalFeatures & 2.6 Urban Morphology The ravines on the southern edge The ravinesonthesouthern Sabhalandswhichareopen Gram 1 Cesspool onedgeofGBlock 4 Village Johar(2013) 5 4 3 2 2 New development on filled-up ravinesNew development onfilled-up 1 5 5 3 Village street View of secondary road View ofsecondary Existing Section through primary roadfor BandhRoad Existing Sectionthroughprimary 3 1 3 View of primary road-Sunday Market View ofprimary View of tertiary road View oftertiary 1 2 4 Existing Section through primary roadfor Sunday Market Existing Sectionthroughprimary 4 2 AYA NAGAR UBAN DEVEL Existing Section through tertiary road Existing Sectionthrough tertiary road Existing Sectionthroughsecondary • • • • and community areas. but alsocommercialspaces networks settlement. They arenotonly traffic inthe of theopenspacepattern The streetsareanessentialpart 2.6.2 Streetscape and 6mwide. roadsarebetween 3 The tertiary 8 and10mwide. roadsarebetween The secondary and 30mwide. roadsarebetween 20 The primary between 3and6m.ranging The villagestreetsarenarrow, OPMENT

17 Existing Situation 18 Existing Situation CITY LEVEL Project residents tobuilder apartments. tenements sharedby low-income skyline ofthesettlement. housing typesthathasalteredthe possibilities, thereisaspateofnew affordable housingandrental exponentially. activity in Aya Nagarhasincreased In thelastdecadehousebuilding 2.6.3 Housing New housinginthe colony New housinginthevillage The spectrum ranges from ranges The spectrum With thegrowing demandfor 3 1 4 New housinginthe colony Tenements 3 1 2 4 2 infrastructure of Ayainfrastructure Nagar. The requirementslistedbelow wereoutinconsultationwiththelocalresidents. worked architecture, withthelocalcommunity for towork theimprovement of Aya Nagar. A community initiative broughtGreha, inthefield ofenvironmental anNGOworking development, habitatdesignand schools andcommunity hall/Basti Vikas Kendra. colonies, ofunauthorized Government andsecondary for theregularization shows adeficitinprovision ofprimary of betweenAya theexistingsocialinfrastructure A comparison Nagarwiththerequirementslistedby theState 3.1 Analysis Assessment ofSocial Infrastructure for Aya Nagar (Population 1.5lakhs) for Regularization No. Sr. 3d 3b In 2001, Greha submitted its first report to the Delhi government suggesting upgradation ofthephysical totheDelhigovernmentandsocial suggesting upgradation In 2001, report Grehasubmitteditsfirst 3e 3a 3c of theyounger generatron, andbecome platforms orinitiatives topromote holisticgrowth. Establishment ofcuIturaland educationalinstitutions, whichshallharnessandchannelize thecreative energies Forest area onthe southernedgeofthevillagetobedeveloped asanature reserve. • Collectionrecyclingofgarbage/solid-waste distribution electricity • Organized andsurfacedrainage • Sewerage • Improvement andupgradationofphysical infrastructure ofthevillage: • • Healthcarefacilities • Newbus terminus, Provision ofaNew Village Centre andCommunity Facilities: Development ofthe Village Johar asanEco-park Extension includes: Comprehensive Development of Aya Nagar Village anditsProto-Urban 5 4 3 2 1 6 grounds centrewithstables andgrazing Veterinary harvesting Augmentation ofwatersupply with rainwater Area for essential retailoutIet Park/Shishu Vatika Health Centre/Dispensary Police Post Religious Site Basti Vikas Kendra Community Hall Multipurpose Community Facility Sr. School Secondary School Primary made, wherever necessary tobe units andweekly market Provisions trade for informal Category complex, asports Population) 1 for 5,000 (Unit for Norms 10,000 1 for centre information 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - Area (sqm) Mentioned 2000 Not 200 100 100 100 100 100 305 800 No. ofUnitsas Requirement per Norms Mentioned Not 305 30 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 - AYA NAGAR UBAN DEVEL Available Existing 305 11 12 1 6 1 0 0 1 - Available Deficit 305 18 14 1 1 - - - - - Area required lower limit) for Deficit (Consider (sq m) 28000 OPMENT 3600 100 100 305 ------

19 Analysis and Development Methodology 20 Analysis and Development Methodology 3.2 Development Methodology CITY LEVEL Project settlements isrequired toestablish urban development sustainability criteria. andNewDelhi.developments inGurgaon in A detailedstudyoftheurbanpatterns Aya Nagarandsuchspontaneous whichismuch use inthesettlementindicatesacarbonfootprint lowerAn assessmentoftheenergy thanfor the new 3.2.3 SustainabilityCriteria /Characteristics-Energy Assessment issues ofthesettlementbut provide abasisfor future development. insuchsettlements.planning norms asabasisfor makingproposalswhichnotonly addressimmediate These willserve colonies, inunauthorized As therearenoprecedentsofplanningpractices thereisaneedtore-assess/re-establish 3.2.2 SocialInfrastructure - Additional Community Facilities model for theentiresettlement. of theproposal. A pilotprojectfor implementationisbeing proposedinoneneighbourhood, asa whichwillserve developed partnership. onthemodelofpublic-private Treatment ofroadsurfacesandpathways isanessentialfeature A de-centralised, self-sustaining, schemehasbeenproposedfor eachblock/neighbourhood in-situ drainage tobe 3.2.1 Physical Infrastructure -DrainageScheme&Mobility The threemaincomponentsoftheprojectwhichhave beenidentifiedare;- for detailed working Source: 2006 Grehareport 3.2.5 SocialInfrastructure 3.2.4 Physical Infrastructure 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Proposed plot for composting as part ofsolid-waste managementscheme. Proposed plotfor compostingaspart home/dispensary Nursing New locationfor bus terminus. ownedPrivately openlandproposedforGhar. development ofBarat New housingdevelopment Development Sabhaland. ofcommunity FestivalGroundon openGram Redevelopment of Village JoharasaEco-Park andcivicoffices. restaurants Community centres, faclitybuilding complexwithtraining offices, postoffice, banks, clinics, dispensary/ retailfacilities, Redesign existingroadsections schemefor aresidentialneighbourhood-Phase5 Drainage AYA NAGAR UBAN DEVEL OPMENT

21 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS 22 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS CITY LEVEL Project Map showing drainagebasins in Aya Nagar. initiative. sewagetreatment this decentralized implementation andmaintenanceof RWA in orCBOshallbeapartner of the government.support be initiated by the residents with the identified where a pilot project can of topography Aya Nagar. basins withrespecttotheexisting drainage settlement intovarious block levels. in thesettlementatneighbourhood/ management systemsareproposed andwater drainage Decentralized 4.1 Drainage Scheme The schemeenvisages thateach One neighbourhood has been It ispossible todividethe Sewage watercollectinginopenplots described inthefollowingdescribed diagram: public spaces. is usedfor maintainingvegetation in dosing, theJoharor before itenters treatment usingplantsandenzyme water willbedoneby organic sewer pipe.a trunk for asecondlevel treatmentthrough and greywaterfromplotsaretaken treatment. level taken intoaseptictankfor first manholes. The black waterisfurther each plotisconnectedtoseparate The black andgreywaterfrom Diagram showing theprocessofsewagetreatment Diagram The overall systemcanbe The secondlevel treatmentof Treated waterfromtheseptictank Black waterFrom each plot Septic tankfor agroupof Treatment Level-1 plots grey waterfromeach Treated waterfrom Household the septictankand plot enters a trunk atrunk plot enters sewer pipe, aidto natural slope natural Septic tank used for first level treatmentof Septic tankusedforblackwaterfromhouseholds. first Grey waterFrom each plot Organic Organic Treatment/Reed beds tocleanthewater before it enters the before itenters Treatment Level-2 reservoir AYA NAGAR UBAN DEVEL for harvesting innew for harvesting be usedfor maintain towards theravines the Eco Park along the EcoPark of time. the systemover aperiod * This isdoneaftertesting Recycled waterto Gram Sabhaland Gram Overflow ofthe and suppliedto Recycled water for maintaining Johar directed to bestored vegetation.* the Johar Johars. OPMENT

23 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS 24 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS CITY LEVEL Project Drainage map ofPhase 5 settlement. for theentire asatest-run will serve project. ofacommunity-led demonstration scheme isdeveloped for the has beenidentified, andadetailed initiated in Aya Nagar. area for thepilotprojecttobe Phase 5hasbeenidentified asthe This public-private partnership partnership This public-private Further, withinPhase5astreet Map showing Phase5block in Aya Nagar Drainage plan for sample street Assumptions and Calculations for Sample Street 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total number ofPlots(Houses) Total NumberofExistingFloor/Family Average Size ofHousehold Existing Population ofStreet Projected Population (assumingeachplotG+3) Total (135Ipcd) quantityofwastewatergenerated factor Total includingsafety quantityofwastewatergenerated Grey Water (70%) Black Water (30%) Available minimum capacityofSeptic Tank (Its) Total ofSeptic Numbers Tank (Proposed) 0.9 75330 83700 52731 22599 3000 305 620 31 61 5 8 AYA NAGAR UBAN DEVEL around Rs. 55,711only. treatment systemfor eachplotis level treatment. tosecondary further lineand will connecttomaintrunk plots (withfulloccupancyasG+3). are treatedseparately. efficiency, greywaterand black water To minimize costandincrease View ofsamplestreet Cost ofproposedsewage The sewer pipefromeachstreet four Each septictankisserving OPMENT

25 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS 26 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS CITY LEVEL Project line.manhole tothetrunk connects throughagreywater line.trunk tank isconnectedtoagreywater manhole. through aseparate (4 or5)connecttoaseptictank water manholeinthestreet. Each plotisconnectedtoablack Cost estimate for proposed sewage treatment system No. Sr. Wastewater fromeachplot Treated fromtheseptic discharge A groupofblack watermanholes 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Secondary Secondary Treatment Misc. Civil&Plumbing Works Plumbing accessories Pipe 150mmDiameter(meter) Pipe 100mmDiameter(Meter) Manhole-Grey Water Manhole-Black Water Manhole-Septic tank Installation ofSeptictank Septic Tank (3,000I) Elements Section throughthestreet Detail of proposed drainage scheme Detail ofproposeddrainage 110.2 RM Quantity 114 RM 31 31 8 8 8 1100 permeter 15000 perunit 400 permeter 4000 Per unit 4000 Per unit 4000 Per unit 18.5 perlitre Rate (Rs) Price perPlot Price Total 12,27,035 Price 1,25,400 1,24,000 1,24,000 1,20,000 4,44,000 5,00,000 2,04,506 32,000 55,711 44,080 9,049 Drainage map of Phase 5 showing secondary treatmentDrainage map ofPhase 5showing zones. secondary enzyme dosing. treatmentusingplantand organic showing theprocessofsecondary Diagram AYA NAGAR UBAN DEVEL plantation. maintaining vegetation androadside treatment willbeusedfor below. road section, asshown inthemap withthe treatment zone integrated any stormwater. not carry cement concreteallaround. Itwill cleaning velocity >0.75m/sec. (or lessasrequired)togive self- kg/sq cmItislaidtoaslopeof1:200 diameter andismadeofUPVC6 pipehasa200mm The trunk Secondary treatmentzone Secondary Water discharge after secondary Water aftersecondary discharge It isconnectedtoasecondary The pipewillbecovered with OPMENT

27 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS 28 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS CITY LEVEL Project Proposed redesign for theentrance road andfacilitiesbuilding onGramSabhaLand restaurants. clinics, retailfacilities, civicfacilities, centres, postoffice, banks, dispensary/ Functions proposed: No. offloors Total built uparea Ground Coverage FAR Total Plot Area Building Proposed Facilities andparking. traffic pedestrian lane, apavement onboth sidesfor for hawkers, anNMVandcycle and vehicular), dedicatedspaces movementkinds oftraffic (human a roadsectionwhichallows for all It is, therefore, proposedtohave Redesign oftheRoad allthroughtheday.vehicular traffic heavyand pedestrian road carries it extremely difficulttotraverse. The dedicated hawking spacesetc, make width is20m. thelackofpavements, out areafor thetwo MCDschools. vendors, shopsetc. Itisalsothespill- commercial activities, suchasstreet edges oftheroadareflanked by to Aya Nagaris20m. wide. The roadfromM.GRoad The entrance Present Situation 4.2 Redesign ofRoad and Facilities Building onGram Sabha Land Even thoughtheexistingroad

offices, training 6 28,500 sqmts 40 % 2.5 11,400 sqmts Existing views of entrance road Existing viewsofentrance Proposed redesign of entrance road Proposed redesignofentrance Detail plan of redesigned entrance road Detail planofredesignedentrance View of entrance road View ofentrance View ofproposed facilitiesbuilding AYA NAGAR UBAN DEVEL OPMENT

29 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS 30 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS 3-D view of the proposed design for Gram Sabha Land with reference images CITY LEVEL Project environment for theabove activities. public function. community groundfor melasorany ceremonies. Itisalsothelargest used for pujasandothercommunity Nagar, thereisasmallJoharwhich ofactivities.for avariety At present, thispublic spaceisused 4.3 Festival Ground the Johar Reference imagefor activityaround Reference imagefor walkingtrack The proposalshows adesigned playing fieldIt isthelargest in Aya Existing views of Gram SabhaLand Existing viewsofGram Proposed planfor Festival Ground atGramSabhaLand AYA NAGAR UBAN DEVEL OPMENT

31 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS 32 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS CITY LEVEL Project Proposed plan for redevelopment of Johar • Proposed Redevelopment oftheJohar theJoharintoanactive public space. transform ofactivities.At presenttheareaaroundJoharisbeingusedfor arange Properplanningandsensitive designcan as agarbagedump. pond).harvesting However, theJoharwhichoncewassymboliccentreofvillage, isnow leftneglectedandused Aya villageJohar(rainwater Nagarisoneofthefew villagesinDelhiwhich hasmanagedtoretaintheoriginal Present Situation 4.4 Redevelopment ofthe Johar • • • • Intercepting thesewageflowing intotheJohar, future). School(in Sarvodyaya withtheneighbouring Facility for publicwhichcanbeintegrated meetings/performances tobedeveloped for a Edges alongthemarket Space tobedeveloped for community recreationactivity. areas. oftheareatobeusedfor compostingthesolid-wastecollectedinsurrounding Part pond. harvesting anditsrevitalizationasarainwater ‘haat’.

Detail PlanofSunday Market Road for parking. andshadedgreenareas NMV traffic width for includingprovisions for andusetheroad friendly pedestrian space. extremely busy andactive public Roadisan The Sunday Market Sunday Market Redesigning Street – It isproposedtomake thisroad Existing view of Sunday Market Road Existing viewofSunday Market AYA NAGAR UBAN DEVEL Treatment ofroadsurface alongroadside Parking Detail oftreeplantingbed OPMENT

33 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS 34 PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS CITY LEVEL Project Saleable floor area –7405sq. mtr. Area UnderGroupHousing– 2468sq. mtr. (30.5%) Group Housing: Nos ofPlots=28 Saleable plotarea=2482sq. mtr. (30.7%) Plotted Housing: Green area=855sq. mtr. (10.6%) Road area=2282sq. mtr. (28%) Total plotarea–8089sqmtr. Proposed aschemeasfollows: Proposed Option1 4.5 Housing Development Proposals Option1: Combinationofgroup andplottedhousing Projected Development ofLocalDeveloper Layout 3-storeyed urban fabric withoutany3-storeyed public urbanfabric openspaces, It isprojectedthatthisdevelopment shallbecomeadense Saleable floor area=15395sq. mtr Ground coverage =3848sq. mtr. (50%) Group Housing: Green area Road area Total plotarea Proposed aschemeasfollows: Proposed Option2 Option2: Group housingdevelopment 636 sq. mtr. (8%) 2310 sq. mtr. (28%) 8089 sqmtr. Green area No. ofplots Saleable plotarea Road area Total plotarea scheme asfollows:- The developer hasproposeda designs. possible alternate generate of 0.8haistaken asanexample, to proposing tosellplotsonanarea spaces arecompromised. maximise built-up area, open/green lighting andventilation andto builder flats. 2-storeyed housesto4-storeyed been achangefromsingleor over thelastfew years, therehas plotted.Nagar islargely However, The existingdevelopment in Aya A caseofalocaldeveloper The flatsusually have inadequate 0 sqft 64 6000 sqmt(74%) 2088 sqm(26%) 8089 sqm The InternationalUrbanSustainability IndicatorsList(IUSIL) actionsacrossspaceandtime.” ofsectoral integration etal, (Cruz 2007) development andbetween thepresentandfutureneeds. Itimpliesequityinmeetingtheneedsofpeopleand “Sustainable development representsabalancebetween thegoalsofenvironmental protectionandhumaneconomic Sustainability Criteria orPolicy • Governance • Social • Economic • Environmental sustainability. These are: confirmed by empirical testing/verification. by empirical confirmed reduced carbonfootprint, andismoreinclusive ofsocialandeconomicdiversity. However, thisbeliefisyet tobe found ofenvironmental insuchspontaneoussettlementsismoresustainable structure,pattern interms avastly distribution.incompetently engineeredelectricity of suchanurbanenvironment. disadvantageisthelackofpublic sanitationprovisionsThe mostglaring andthe individual security, ontheroads. andreduceddominanceofvehicular transport These arethemostobvious advantages hidden benefits, suchasgreaterautonomy in building andmaintenance, enhancedconviviality, improved socialand slummy’. of built form. To atbestas may bedescribed thispattern thecasualobserver ‘chaotic’ as andatworst ‘wretched and not have ideasfromtheother avisuallyandtheyborrow cohesive pattern ‘types’ toprovide eclecticmix aradically are extensionsoftheexisting ‘planned’ or evolved’‘organically ofourcities. parts Spontaneousurbansettlementsdo an environmentally viable orinclusive solutionfor thehugeurbanizingpopulationofourcountry. metropolitan cities, but therecanbenodoubtinmostpeople’s cannotbeextendedtoprovide mindsthatthispattern of thisisthenewdevelopment ofGurgaon. by preferred themostaffluentsectionsof This may bethepattern andarchitects. todominatethethinkingofoururbanplanners started An example a newmodelofurbanmorphology recently,very istheoretically basedontheChandigarhmodel. With theopeningofIndianeconomy toglobaltrade, subcontinent. Itis, however, urbandevelopment inindependentIndia, thatalmostallcontemporary until remarkable century, clearthatneitherofthesecitiesoffer itisnowaninclusive fairly andsustainable modelfor urbanizationinthe ofarchitectureandurbanisminthetwentiethdesigner ofChandigarhwasthemostinfluentialthinker andpractitioner andofChandigarhfor over ahundredyears the development ofNewDelhifor fifty nearly years. Andalthoughthe urbandevelopment policy.have hadapowerful impactoncontemporary We tostudy have hadtheopportunity In thetwentieth century, two newplannedcities were createdinIndia: DelhiandChandigarh, New(Imperial) which 5.1 Urban Morphology New Delhi Compared with the patterns preferred by official urban planners andthesocialelite, by preferred officialurbanplanners Compared withthepatterns we believe thattheurban inone suchsettlement for adecadehasshown of thattherearemanyworking However experience first-hand wherethe isemerging A somewhatdifferent urbanscenario isbuilding ‘other half’ ‘spontaneous’ settlementswhich 2 , identifies four maincategories for indicatorsof 1 AYA NAGAR UBAN DEVEL Gurgaon OPMENT

35 SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA 36 SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA towns andcitiessustainable. in linewiththeconceptof ‘compact citymodel’ whichisbeinghailedasoneoftheoptionstomake ourcurrent withinthecommunity.creating business opportunities respects,The settlementisself-sufficientinvarious and much toobtainbasic needs, Mixed andreduces theneedfor transportation usedevelopment makes daily livingcomfortable minimize wastageandoptimize useofavailable resources. energy-efficient, becauseoftheeconomicconditionpeoplewhoare building, largely to andtheirimperative exceptionally high. most unsustainable manner. and maintenanceoftheseurbancentresis requirementsfor construction The energy The development ofthe ‘new towns’ resourcesinthe useofnatural inDelhiNCRisaclearexampleoframpant Development inGurgaon CITY LEVEL Project 5.2 Environmental and Economic population willbelivingincities. projected thatby 2030, 40%ofIndia’s levels ofpollutioninthecities. Itis environmental damageandincreasing non-renewable resources, excessive with respect to depletion of concerns this aggravateddemandhasraised infrastructure. The needtofulfill a hugedemandfor housingand creating rate increasing atanalarming The urbanpopulationhasbeen Further, towalkeven inthescorchingheatofDelhi. creates spaceswhicharecomfortable thedensebuilt form On theotherhand, spontaneousdevelopments colonies)areconsiderablymore (suchasthoseinunauthorized McKinsey Global Institute Report (MGI),McKinsey GlobalInstituteReport 2010). April Source: India’s Urban Awakening: BuildingInclusive Cities, sustainingeconomicgrowth, An aerial viewof An aerial Aya Nagar Existing System ofdecisionmakingregardingurbanplanninganddevelopment. structure more appropriate wastage ofpublic resources. willhave togiveThe existingregimeofproviding way dysfunctionalinfrastructure toa workmanship. Development resultingfromsuchadhocdecisionmakingisextremely counter-productive of interms andwithoutfollowingmonitoring therelevantCodesofPractice, thusresultinginprovision ofdefective and materials Council electionsthereisfeverish activityofdevelopment works, whicharedonewithouttechnicalsupervision/ elected representative, thatinthefew monthsprecedingthe theMLAandMLC. Itisnosurprise Assembly and individual,and every fromthecitizen tothegovernment. sustainable development.support planningandaccountabilityofeach This canonly beachieved ifthereisparticipative To maintainsustainable and citiesitisessentialtostreamline policiesandproceduresingovernment whichencourage 5.4 Governance /Policy community living the natureofneighbourhoodeven before itisbuilt,thanpossibilitiesofsocialinclusionand creatingmorebarriers resourcesandopportunities. sharing from different castes, culturesandcommunities thereby creatingasocialmixwhichlives witheachother inharmony a Gujjarvillagewhichover thelastfew decadeshasgrown intoasettlementof1.5lakhpeople. Itishometopeople fromenvironmental andeconomicgains,Apart thedevelopment isalsosocially sustainable. Aya Nagarwasessentially 5.3 Social In theexistingsystem, isthroughthe pointacitizen hasintothisstructure itmay benotedthattheonly entry It breaksaway fromthe ‘class’ typology, asinhigh classcondominiums, middleclasstownship, etc, whichdetermines AYA NAGAR UBAN DEVEL OPMENT

37 SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA 38 SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA Proposed System now embeddedwithintheexpandingmetropolis. of the ‘planned’ and ‘spontaneous’ ofthe urbanhabitat, portions anditslinkagewiththe evolved’‘organically villages system ofplanneddevelopment hasbecomepatently dysfunctional. forThis wouldtheintegration betheidealscenario oftheurbanregionwherepresent the government. couldextendtootherparts Itispossible thatthisframework active community andinformed roleindecisionmaking. publictheelectedpoliticalrepresentative’s andbetterinform represent thegeneral roleatpresent. is possible professionals by intothedevelopmental theintroductionofplanningandarchitectural matrix, whowill approach orapolicyofstudiedneglect. process. from thepresentsystemwhereinpublic issubjectedtoarigid departure This would‘type’ bearadical plan It isproposedthatthekey elementinanewdispensationistheinclusionoflocalresidentsdecision-making CITY LEVEL Project practices various 2. Li-YinShena, J. Ochoaa, Jorge MonaN. Shahb, XiaolingZhanga(2011): HabitatInternational - betweenThe application ofurbansustainabilityindicators A comparison van derLindenandC.E. Hanson Eds, Press, University Cambridge Cambridge, U.K. 469-506. Vulnerability. of Contribution Working GroupIIto Panel theIntergovernmental onClimateChange, M.L.Parry,Assessment Report The Fourth O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J.1. Cruz, R.V., H. Harasawa, M. Lal, S. Wu, Y.Anokhin, B.References:- Punsalmaa, Y. Honda, M. Jafari, C. LiandN. HuNinh(2007): Asia. ClimateChange, 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and An empowered people’s(PP)anda local planningboardwillincreasecitizen inputandaccountabilityof parliament toensurean The proposedsystemintroducesasetofinstitutionalmodificationsinthepresentgovernance structure ofgovernance is, framework public.An alternative ofaninformed therefore, toberootedinparticipation This institutions by thepublic atlarge. Perhaps willbeanewrespect for theStateandits themostsubstantialgainfromthischangedscenario An ecologically viablealternative atEco Optionsin Aya Nagar AYA NAGAR UBAN DEVEL OPMENT

39 SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA

42 SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA CITY LEVEL Project