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La Neutralisation Des Armes À Feu Portatives

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La Neutralisation Des Armes À Feu Portatives Filière Conservation-restauration Orientation objets scientifiques, techniques et horlogers La neutralisation des armes à feu portatives : Approches historique, règlementaire, technique et déontologique Mémoire présenté par : Michel Braekman Pour l'obtention du Diplôme des Hautes écoles spécialisées de Suisse Occidentale 29 août 2008 HEAA Arc, Filière Conservation-restauration, Orientation objets scientifiques, techniques et horlogers Michel Braekman, 29 août 2008 HEAA Arc, Filière Conservation-restauration, Orientation objets scientifiques, techniques et horlogers Michel Braekman, 29 août 2008 La neutralisation des armes à feu portatives : Approches historique, règlementaire, technique et déontologique Mémoire présenté par : Michel Braekman Pour l'obtention du Diplôme des Hautes écoles spécialisées de Suisse Occidentale Année académique 2007-2008 29 août 2008 HEAA Arc, Filière Conservation-restauration, Orientation objets scientifiques, techniques et horlogers Michel Braekman, 29 août 2008 Remerciements : Nous tenons à exprimer notre vive reconnaissance - à Jean-Jacques Buigné, notre mentor, pour le temps qu’il a mis à notre disposition, pour ses conseils, ses interrogations et ses remarques qui sont à la hauteur de ses connaissances en matière d’armes et dans le domaine juridique, - au personnel de la « SA Le Hussard », pour son accueil et sa disponibilité, - à Stephen A. Petroni, président de la « Fondation pour les sociétés européennes de collectionneurs d’armes » (FESAC) et président de l’« Association of Maltese Arms Collectors & Shooters », pour son accueil et son invitation au congrès annuel 2008 de la FESAC à Malte, - à l’équipe directrice de la filière conservation-restauration de la HEAA Arc : Nathalie Ducatel, conservatrice-restauratrice, responsable de filière, Tobias Schenkel, conservateur-restaurateur et responsable d’orientation OSTH, Valentin Boissonnas, conservateur-restaurateur, chargé d’enseigne- ment et Christian Binet, conservateur-restaurateur, chargé d’enseignement, pour leur encadrement, - aux membres de la FESAC : Dr. Hermann Gerig, président de l’« Interessengemeinschaft liberales Waffenrecht in Österreich », Autriche ; Bernard van Horenbeeck, président de « Vrienden van het Legermuseum », Belgique ; Jens Christian Krabbe, président de la « Vaabenhistorisk Selskab », Danemark ; Jari Mäkinen, président de « Suomen Asehistoriallinen Seura Ry », Finlande ; Albrecht Simon, vice-président de la FESAC et président de la « Verband für Waffentechnik und-geschichte », Allemagne ; Roger Cook, secrétaire de la FESAC et président de l’« Historical Breechloading Smallarms Association », Royaume-Uni ; Adriano Simioni, président de la « Federazione Italiana Collezionisti d'Armi », Italie ; Pit Kaiser, trésorier de la FESAC et président de la « Societé des Collectionneurs d'armes Lëtzebuerg », Luxembourg ; Jas van Driel, président de la « Vereniging van Nederlandse Wapenverzamelaars », Pays-Bas ; Tor Karstensen, président de la « Norsk Våpenhistorisk Selskap », Norvège ; Xavier Sala I Arago, membre FESAC pour l’Espagne et Hanny Papendorp, membre FESAC pour les Pays-Bas, pour leur précieuse collaboration en ce qui concerne les textes règlementaires en rapport avec les lois et la neutralisation dans leur pays respectif, - à Bertrand Mollier, chef du bureau des armes et explosifs à la police cantonale neuchâteloise, pour sa précieuse collaboration, - à Laurent Berton, Pascal Pouly et Renato Pacozzi, responsables de stage, conservateur-adjoint et restaurateurs, pour leur disponibilité et les intenses discussions que nous avons pu avoir, - à Jean-Luc Stassen, Patrice Renaudot et Stéphane Isch, responsables des bancs d’épreuve et des ateliers de neutralisation, pour nous avoir ouvert les portes de leurs ateliers, - à Frédéric Ossipovsky, photographe, - à Martin Ducret et Laura Rorhbach, relecteurs, - à Jean-Jacques Desaules et Christiane Ahles, traducteurs, - à notre compagne Françoise, qui nous a soutenu tout au long de cette année de recherche. Page 1 sur 147 HEAA Arc, Filière Conservation-restauration, Orientation objets scientifiques, techniques et horlogers Michel Braekman, 29 août 2008 Sommaire : Remerciements :................................................................................................................................1 Sommaire :........................................................................................................................................2 Résumés ...........................................................................................................................................6 A. Français ....................................................................................................................................6 B. Anglais ......................................................................................................................................6 C. Allemand ...................................................................................................................................7 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................8 1. Approche historique......................................................................................................................10 1.1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................10 1.2. Préhistoire et Antiquité...........................................................................................................11 1.2.1. Les âges de la pierre .......................................................................................................11 1.2.2. Les âges du bronze et du fer............................................................................................11 1.3. Du Moyen Age à la fin de l’Ancien Régime ...............................................................................12 1.3.1. L’armement portatif et les machines de guerre ..................................................................12 1.3.2. La poudre à canon ..........................................................................................................14 1.3.3. Les armes portatives .......................................................................................................16 1.3.4. La mécanisation du système de mise à feu........................................................................19 1.3.5. L’émergence du fusil .......................................................................................................23 1.3.6. La production de masse et l’interchangeabilité des pièces...................................................24 1.4. Le 19ème siècle.......................................................................................................................24 1.4.1. La percussion .................................................................................................................24 1.4.2. Le revolver .....................................................................................................................25 1.4.3. Le chargement par la culasse...........................................................................................26 1.4.4. La cartouche métallique...................................................................................................26 1.4.5. La poudre sans fumée .....................................................................................................28 1.4.6. La répétition...................................................................................................................28 1.4.7. Le pistolet automatique ...................................................................................................29 1.5. Le 20ème siècle.......................................................................................................................29 1.5.1. Les armes semi-automatiques ..........................................................................................29 1.5.2. Les armes « full-auto », les pistolets-mitrailleurs et les fusils d’assaut..................................30 1.5.3. Les poinçons et marquages..............................................................................................32 1.6. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................33 2. Approche législative : Les règlementations .....................................................................................34 2.1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................34 2.2. Les documents internationaux ................................................................................................35 2.2.1. Les accords de Schengen de 1985....................................................................................35 2.2.2. La directive européenne 91/477/CEE ................................................................................36 Page 2 sur 147 HEAA Arc, Filière Conservation-restauration, Orientation objets scientifiques, techniques et horlogers Michel Braekman, 29 août 2008 2.2.3. Le document de l’OSCE du 24 novembre 2000...................................................................38 2.2.4. Le protocole de Vienne de l’ONU du 8 juin 2001 ................................................................38 2.3. Les règlementations
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