LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Clcu^s Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/durhamuniversityOOfowlrich COLLEGE HISTORIES DURHAM DURHAM UNIVERSITY or THE UNIVERSITY ^ OF ...^^^^-^ ^^^^r^?3^i<^ ARCHDEACON THORP, FIRST WARDEN, PHOTOGRAPHED BY EDIS FROM THE PORTRAIT BY SWINTON IN THE CASTLE HALL COLLEGE HISTORIES DUEHAM UNIVEESITY EABLIER FOUNDATIONS AND PRESENT COLLEGES BY J. T. FOWLER, M.A., F.S.A. HON. D.C.L. DUNELM, HON. CANON OF DURHAM, VICE-PRINCIPAL OF BISHOP Hatfield's hall, and Hebrew lecturer IN THE university LONDON R E. ROBINSON & CO. 20 GREAT RUSSELL STREET, BLOOMSBURY 1904 L F i;>' PEEFACE When I began the preparation of this book, I was afraid that a University not yet a century old would hardly afford enough material for a volume in the present series. And, indeed, the historical material is of necessity scanty as compared with that afforded by ancient Colleges and Universities. The want of it, however, leaves all the more room for architectural and biographical matter, and I hope that the descriptions of ' buildings and the notices of Durham Worthies ' will be read with interest —at least by Durham men. The illus- trations can hardly fail to be acceptable. The first and the last are from photographs by Mr. Edis of Durham, the rest from photographs kindly executed and contri- buted by Mrs. Powles, a lady whose early connexion with Durham gave her a special interest in the work. The Appendices occupy a good deal of space, but they will not be found to be of the nature of padding. Number I. supplements Mr. Blakiston's collections. Numbers II. to V. contain matters connected with the 141911 ' vi PREFACE earliest days of the University not easily accessible else- where. Number VI. certainly deserves a more permanent place than it has hitherto occupied. Numbers VII. and VIII., will be useful for reference. In Number IX. Mr. Leigh Smith has given us an admirable account of athletics in the University. I have taken considerable pains with Number X., but have not succeeded in ascertaining all the dates as accurately as I could have wished. In many cases the only authority is an old calendar, and a man has commonly come into, or gone out of, office for some little time before the issue of the calendar of any particular year. The idea of Appendix XI. is due to the publisher, Mr. Robinson, who, when he saw the notice of the ' Verdant Green sketches (pp. 100-102), at once suggested a reproduction of them as likely to prove an interesting and attractive feature in the Durham volume. Appendix XII. is also inserted at the suggestion of the publishers. It will, perhaps, be thought by some that the index is encumbered by many needless entries. My own idea of an index is that, if it be worth making at all, it can hardly be too full, and my practice is, if in doubt, to insert an entry. It can do no harm, and the habit of including ' needless "* entries often prevents the neglect of many which ought not to be omitted. But the more experience I gain, the more thoroughly I am convinced that finality in an index is unattainable. Whatever pains you bestow upon it, you will find, sooner or later. PREFACE vii that there are things which ought to have been entered, or to have been entered differently. And the more condensed your index is, the more likely it is to be subject to defects of this kind. I have referred to our indebtedness to Mrs. Powles and to Mr. Leigh Smith. I must also record here our special thanks to Professor Lebour for his chapter on the College of Science, to the late Principal Gurney for his account of its buildings, to Sir George Hare Philip- son and Professor Howden for materials connected with the College of Medicine, to Professor Farrar for some valuable initial suggestions, and for permission to print his account of Dr. Jenkyns' lectures ; also to the Dean of Durham (Warden of the University), for much kind help in the revision of the proof-sheets. J. T. F. WlNTERTON, DONCASTER, August 31, 1904. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. EARLIER FOUNDATIONS - - - - I II. THE PRESENT FOUNDATION : ITS CONSTITUTION AND ITS DEVELOPMENTS - - - 22 III. THE SITE AND BUILDINGS - - -63 IV. THE FIRST FOUR WARDENS - - - I09 V. SOME OTHER DURHAM WORTHIES - - 120 VI. A RETROSPECT - - - - - 1 82 VII. THE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, NEWCASTLE-UPON- TYNE - - - - - - 192 VIIL THE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE - - - 20I APPENDICES I. EXTRACTS FROM THE DURHAM ABBEY ROLLS RELATING TO DURHAM COLLEGE, OXFORD - 226 II. REV. C. thorp's SCHEME OF A NEW UNIVERSITY 234 III. PAPER ISSUED BY ARCHDEACON THORP, JULY 20, 1833 - - - - - - 236 IV. ' FIRST CALENDAR ' (nOW SO CALLED) OF THE UNIVERSITY ----- 239 V. ORIGINAL REGULATIONS OF DISCIPLINE FOR THE STUDENTS OF DURHAM - - - 248 ix 1 X CONTENTS PAGE VI. THE LECTURES OF THE LATE DR. JENKYNS - 25 VII. GRANT OF ARMS TO THE UNIVERSITY - - 256 VIII. REGULATIONS FOR ACADEMICAL COSTUME - 258 IX. ATHLETICS ----- 262 X. LISTS OF PRINCIPAL OFFICERS - - - 27 XI. MR. Bradley's sketches of 'y^ freshmonne' AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, DURHAM - - 286 - XIL NOTICE OF THE AUTHOR FROM * WHO's WHO ' 287 INDEX --.... 289 LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS PORTRAIT OF ARCHDEACON THORP, THE FIRST WARDEN - - - Frontispiece I. INTERIOR OF THE GALILEE, FROM THE NORTH-EAST CORNER - - facing p, 32 II. THE CATHEDRAL FROM THE PALACE GREEN - - - - „ 66 - III. THE CATHEDRAL : INTERIOR - „ 68 IV. THE CASTLE FROM THE PALACE GREEN „ 70 V. THE CASTLE HALL, BLACK -STAIRCASE, ETC. „ 72 - VI. THE CASTLE HALL : INTERIOR - „ 74 VII. BISHOP HATFIELD'S HALL: THE BACK, FROM NEW ELVET 104 VIII. MR. BRADLEY S SKETCHES OF * Y^ FRESHt MONNE,' FROM THE ORIGINALS IN THE ROOMS OF THE UNION SOCIETY 286 CORRECTIONS full-stop after ' 1831.' Page 23, note, line 2, add ' 65.' Page 47, note, add pages 62, ' lines 401, 402.' Page 77, note, line 2, read ' az.' line 2, ' vel cum.' Page 105, note, line i. read ; ' of Durham.' Page 288, line 3, erase Rites Ps^e xi, line 6, /or ' north-east ' r«aa? * north-west. Page 258, line 11, read 'worn with the gown.' CHAPTER I EAELIER FOUNDATIONS § 1. Durham College, Oxford. No account of the University of Durham would be complete without some notice of earlier undertakings, the object of which was to connect the higher education with the Cathedral Church. Of these, the only one that came to any permanent result was the first in point of time—namely, the monastic College that was founded by Bishop Hatfield in the University of Oxford, and with which College the University of Durham may claim a sort of historic, though broken, continuity. The history of Durham College has, however, been so well worked out by the Rev. Herbert E. D. Blakiston* that there is little for anyone else to do in the matter but to avail one's self of his labours, and this I do with the fullest acknowledgment of my indebtedness to him in almost all that I now say on a subject that he has made so completely his own. The monks of the Benedictine Order have always * In his Introduction to ' Some Durham College Rolls,' in ' Col- lectanea,' Oxford Historical Society, vol. iii., and in his volume on ' Trinity College ' (Oxford), in the present series, chap. i. 1 — 2 DURHAM UNIVERSITY been pre-eminent among members of monastic founda- tions in the pursuit and promotion of learning. And in this respect the Benedictines of Durham were in no way behind their brethren in the South of England. Those of St. Peter\s at Gloucester obtained a Hall in Oxford for thirteen students in 1283, and in 1291 the other great abbeys in the South combined for a general monastic College, to consist of hostels to be united with Gloucester Hall. These were ultimately merged in Worcester College, in the ancient part of which the arms of some of the abbeys may still be seen. But previous to the Southern combination the great Northern Abbey of Durham had made arrangements on its own account. We learn from a Bursar^s roll of 1278 that in that year Durham sent a clerk ' versus Exon."" (sk) with 5 marks, and that a ' garcio "* was sent ' pro libera- tura fratrum' i.e., for the purpose of conveying it. In 1292 we find in 'liberatura facta studentibus Oxon., 24Z. 3*. llrf.,"* which entry explains the former one. We are told by the chronicler Geoffrey of Colding- ham that Hugo de Derlington, Prior for the second time from 1285-86 to 1289-90, sent monks to Oxford to study, and made handsome provision for them. There is, however, so far, no mention of any building; but the next Prior, Richard de Hoton (1289-90 to 1307-08), is recorded by Robert de Graystanes to have prepared a building in Oxford for the students from Durham, and there is documentary evidence that five or six acres or more had been acquired before 1291 for the site of Durham Hall—namely, the area now occupied in great part by Trinity College. It was partly given by the Benedictine nunnery of Godstow, and partly bought by — EARLIER FOUNDATIONS 3 the Convent of Durham. To it were added some small holdings in the immediate neighbourhood. Soon after 1300 the Prior of Durham tried to have the great tithes of Brantingham in Yorkshire, then held by the abbey, appropriated to the new Hall to meet expenses, urging that the house consisted of ten, eight, or six monks at one time or other, and had already returned several learned men to Durham.