ABSTRACT A. Name of the Soil Series and Their Extent B. Distribution Of

ABSTRACT 1. Survey Area : 2C3B4f1 to f4, g1 to g5, h1 to h7, j1 to j6, 2C3B5a1 to a8, d1 to d8, f1 to f5, g1 to g6 and 2C3B6a1, a2, a4 to a6, b1 to b7, c1 to c6, d1 to d3, f1, f2, k1 to k4 Micro-watersheds of Betwa FPR Catchment, Tehsil- Mauranipur, District-Jhansi; Tehsil-Kulpahar, District-Mahoba, State-Uttar Pradesh and Tehsil-Nowgoan, District-Chhatarpur; Tehsil- Jatara and Palera, District- Tikamgarh, State-Madhya Pradesh 2. Geographical Location : Longitude 780 53′50’’ to 78018′40’’ E Latitude 24057′15’’ to 25017′30’’ N 3. Type of Survey : Detailed Soil Survey 4. Base Map Used : High Resolution Satellite Imagery (1:10,000 Scale) and Survey of India Toposheets 5. Total Area Mapped : 10,0224 ha 6. Agro Climate Region : VIII - Central plateau and hill region 7. Period of Survey : May, 2018 to June, 2018 A. Name of the soil series and their extent S. No. of Mapping Series Name Area (ha) Area (%) No. Units 1. Badagaon (BG) 03 57 0.06 2. Baragaon (BR) 01 53 0.05 3. Chaukri (CH) 07 2843 2.84 4. Dinau (DN) 11 2024 2.02 5. Donria (D) 24 22295 22.25 6. Ganupura-I (GP) 06 529 0.53 7. Gurusarai (GS) 06 34716 34.64 8. Haibatpura-I (HP) 09 6500 6.49 9. Jatara (J) 13 12606 12.58 10. Kakarbai (KB) 07 879 0.88 11. Kanja (KJ) 04 592 0.59 12. Nora (N) 13 7135 7.12 13. Sajera (S) 05 2910 2.90 14. Miscellaneous - 7085 7.07 Total 109 100224 100 B. Distribution of area under different depth classes S. No. Soil Depth Class Depth in cm Area (ha) Area (%) 1. Very Deep (d5) >100 70738 70.58 2. Deep (d4) 50-100 2081 2.08 3. Moderately deep (d3) 25-50 8014 8.00 4. Shallow (d2) 10-25 12306 12.28 5. Miscellaneous - 7085 7.07 Total 100224 100 C. Distribution of area under different slope classes S. No. Slope Class Area (ha) Area (%) 1. Very gentle sloping (B) 35478 35.40 2. Gently sloping (C) 42378 42.28 3. Moderate Slope (D) 7323 7.31 4. Strong Slope (E) 4652 4.64 5. Moderately steep to steep slope (F) 3308 3.30 6. Miscellaneous 7085 7.07 Total 100224 100 i

D. Distribution of area under different erosion classes S. No. Erosion Class Area (ha) Area (%) 1. None to slight erosion (e1) 27817 27.75 2. Moderate erosion (e2) 32768 32.69 3. Severe Erosion (e3) 32369 32.30 4. Very Severe Erosion (e4) 185 0.18 6. Miscellaneous 7085 7.07 Total 100224 100 E. Distribution of Area under Different Land Capability Classes

S. No. Land Capability Class Soil Series Area (ha) Area (%) 1. II Dinau, Donria, Gurusarai and Jatara 28050 27.99 Dinau, Donria, Gurusarai Jatara, Kanja 2. III 31718 31.65 and Nora Dinau, Donria, Jatara, Kanja, Nora and 3. IV 19209 19.17 Sajera Badagaon, Chaukri, Haibatpura-I, 4. VI 6651 6.64 Kakarbai and Sajera 5. VII Haibatpura-I and Kakarbai 2140 2.14 Badagaon, Baragaon, Chaukri, Donria, 6. Forest Ganupura-I, Haibatpura-I, Kakarbai 5371 5.36 and Nora 7. Miscellaneous - 7085 7.07 Total 100224 100

F. Landscape wise distribution of area under different Physiographic classes.

S. No. Landscape Physiography Area (ha) Area (%) 1. Hill side slopes 10275 10.25 Hummocky 7135 7.12 Granite Foot hill slopes 2967 2.96 Upper Pedi plains 49346 49.24 2. Ravinous land 529 0.53 Alluvium Stream banks 592 0.59 Nala bank/River bank 22295 22.25 Miscellaneous 7085 7.07

Total 100224 100 G. Distribution of area under different Land Use/Land cover classes S. No. Land Use Area (ha) Area (%) 1. Agriculture 81140 80.96 2. Forest 5371 5.36 3. Open Scrub 6628 6.61 4. Miscellaneous 7085 7.07 Total 100224 100

H. Soil Health Parameters

S. Series Range of pH Range of EC Range of OC Range of ESP Area Horizon No. Name (ha) Value Ratings Value Ratings % Ratings Value Ratings Surface 6.20 Moderately acidic 0.12 Normal 0.69 Medium 1.62 None to slight hazard 1. Badagaon 57 Sub-surface 6.21-6.41 Moderately acidic 0.09-0.10 Normal 0.46-0.54 Low to Medium 0.37-1.48 None to slight hazard Surface 5.83 Moderately acidic 0.13 Normal 0.45 Low 1.51 None to slight hazard 2. Baragaon 53 Sub-surface 5.80 Moderately acidic 0.12 Normal 0.51 Medium 1.84 None to slight hazard Surface 5.66 Moderately acidic 0.11 Normal 0.62 Medium 1.80 None to slight hazard 3. Chaukri 2843 Sub-surface 5.31 Highly acidic 0.05 Normal 0.57 Medium 1.73 None to slight hazard Surface 6.90 Slightly acidic 0.17 Normal 0.82 High 1.04 None to slight hazard 4. Dinau 2024 Sub-surface 7.01-7.07 Moderately alkaline 0.15-0.23 Normal 0.54-0.65 Medium 0.75-1.18 None to slight hazard Surface 6.83 Slightly acidic 0.20 Normal 0.17 Very low 2.14 None to slight hazard 5. Donria 22295 Sub-surface 7.70-8.18 Moderately alkaline 0.19 -1.20 Normal to critical 0.06-0.22 Very low 0.80-1.82 None to slight hazard Surface 7.01 Moderately alkaline 0.28 Normal 0.62 Medium 3.46 None to slight hazard 6. Ganupura-I 529 Sub-surface 7.44-7.63 Moderately alkaline 0.22-0.30 Normal 0.31-0.52 Low to Medium 2.54-4.04 None to slight hazard Surface 6.37 Moderately acidic 0.44 Normal 0.61 Medium 1.43 None to slight hazard 7. Gurusarai 34716 Sub-surface 6.88-7.16 Slightly acidic to moderately alkaline 0.27-0.30 Normal 0.22-0.29 Very low to low 1.09-1.45 None to slight hazard Surface 6.10 Moderately acidic 0.21 Normal 0.91 High 3.71 None to slight hazard 8. Haibatpura-I 6500 Sub-surface 5.90 Moderately acidic 0.18 Normal 0.91 High 2.86 None to slight hazard Surface 6.58 Moderately acidic 0.17 Normal 0.42 Medium 0.63 None to slight hazard 9. Jatara 12606 Sub-surface 6.90-7.18 Slightly acidic to moderately alkaline 0.11-0.19 Normal 0.20-0.32 Very low to low 0.46-2.00 None to slight hazard Surface 6.43 Moderately acidic 0.28 Normal 0.88 High 0.89 None to slight hazard 10. Kakarabai 879 Sub-surface 5.60-5.80 Moderately acidic 0.15-0.21 Normal 0.45-0.62 Medium 2.22-2.57 None to slight hazard Surface 8.45 Moderately alkaline 0.38 Normal 0.27 Low 13.15 None to slight hazard 11. Kanja 26.93- Slight-moderate to moderate- 592 Sub-surface 9.01-9.18 Strongly alkaline 0.71-0.86 Normal 0.04-0.24 Very low 36.26 high Surface 5.98 Moderately acidic 0.13 Normal 0.34 Low 1.33 None to slight hazard 12. Nora 7135 Sub-surface 5.57-5.82 Moderately acidic 0.13-0.18 Normal 0.21-0.29 Very low to low 1.11-1.31 None to slight hazard Surface 4.62 Highly acidic 0.07 Normal 0.15 Very low 1.73 None to slight hazard 13. Sajera 2910 Sub-surface 4.60 Highly acidic 0.06 Normal 0.19 Very low 1.14 None to slight hazard Misc. 7085 Total 100224 *EC: Electrical Conductivity (dS m-1), ESP: Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (%), OC: Organic Carbon (%)

 Salient features of the area  Total 13 Soil Series have been identified and mapped in the survey area. Maximum area is covered under Gurusarai soil series with an area of about 34716 ha (34.64%) followed by Donria 22295 ha (22.25%), Jatara 12606 ha (12.58%), Nora 7135 ha (7.10%), Haibatpura-I 6500 ha (6.49%), Sajera 2910 ha (2.90%), Chaukri 2843 ha (2.84%), Dinau 2024 ha (2.02%), Kakarabai 879 ha (0.88%), Kanja 592 (0.59%), Ganupura-I 529 ha (0.53%), Badagaon 57 ha (0.06%) and Baragaon 53 ha (0.05%), which is shown in Table- A.  Total surveyed area is mapped under very deep (>100 cm) soils is 70738 ha (70.58 %) followed by shallow (10-25 cm) soils 12306 ha (12.28%), moderately deep (25-50 cm) soils 8014 ha (8.00%) and 2081 ha (2.08%) by deep soils (50-100 cm).  In erosion study, maximum area is found under moderate erosion class 32768 ha (32.69%) area, followed by severe erosion cover 32369 (32.30%), none to slight erosion cover 27817 (27.75%) and very severe erosion cover 185 ha (0.18%).  In slope study, maximum area is mapped under gentle slope 42378 ha (42.28%), followed by very gentle slope 35478 ha (35.40%), moderate slope 7323 ha (7.31%), strong slope 4652 (4.64%) and moderately steep to steep slope 3308 ha (3.30 %).  Out of total surveyed area (100224 ha), 7085 ha (7.07%) area is found under miscellaneous, in which habitation covered 3451 ha (3.44%), river covered 1658 ha (1.65%), rock out crops covered 478 ha (0.48%) and water bodies covered 1498 ha (1.49 %).  About 28050 ha (27.99%) of total surveyed area (100224 ha) is comes under LCC-II, which is very good land for cultivation and can be adopted for crop based farming system.  About 31718 ha (31.65%) area comes under LCC-III fairly good for cultivation, more suitable for horticultural based cropping system. Area 19209 ha (19.17%) in LCC-IV, 6651 ha (6.64%) in LCC-VI, 2140 ha (2.14%) in LCC-VII and 5371 ha (5.36 %) area is classified under forest.  According to land use highest area under agriculture 81140 ha (80.96%) followed by open scrub 6628 ha (6.61%) and least area was observed in forest 5371 (5.36%).  Two landscape type were identified in surveyed area i.e. Alluvium and Granite. In Alluvium landscape, three physiography viz. ravinous lands, stream banks and Nala bank/river banks and Granite landscape were found with four physiography i.e.hill side slopes, hummocky, foot hill slopes and upper pedi-plains.  Maximum area is under Upper pedi plains 49346 ha (49.24 %) followed by nala bank/river bank 22295 ha (22.25%), hill side slopes 10275 ha (10.25%), hummocky 7135 ha (7.12%), foot hill slopes 2967 (2.96%), stream banks 592 (0.59%) and ravinous land 529 ha (0.53%).  Soil series varied in soil reaction from highly acidic to strongly alkaline in nature and among the soil series, the exchangeable sodium percentage was recorded under Kanja soil series is slight-moderate to moderate-high and remaining soil series was recorded under none-slight hazard.  Organic carbon content depicted varied range from very low to high in the surveyed area. The high soil organic carbon was recorded under Dinau (0.82%), Haibatpura (0.91%) and Kakarbai (0.88%) soil series, medium soil organic carbon was recorded under Badagoan (0.69%), Chaukri (0.62%), Ganupura-I (0.62%) and Gurusarai (0.61%), low soil organic carbon was recorded under Baragoan (0.45%), Jatara (0.42%), Kanja (0.27%) and Nora (0.34%) and very low soil organic carbon was recorded under Donria (0.17%) and Sajera (0.15%).  Four soil orders (Aridisols, Entisols, Inceptisols and Vertisols) were found in the surveyed area.

HOW TO USE SOIL SURVEY REPORT The present report furnishes a detailed account of various characteristics of the surveyed area like physiography, relief, geology, climate, natural vegetation, land use and soils. Detailed description of soils series recognized in the area and interpretation of different soil mapping units for various applied aspects of agricultural development, such as land use planning, soil and water management, soil conservation are given in relevant chapters. Different problems of the area have been depicted and corrective measures have also been suggested. In order to use the report, the user will locate the area of his interest on the soil map appended with the report. On the map, each soil mapping unit has been delineated and represented by symbolic expression. The abbreviated symbol of mapping unit reflects information about the name of soil series, soil depth, surface texture, land gradient, erosion status and Terrace slope. The soil mapping unit is demarcated as D5hB2 where ‘D’ represents for ‘Donria’ Soil Series, ‘5’ for Very deep soil depth, ‘h’ for clay loam surface texture, ‘B’ for Very gentle slope (1-3%) and ‘2’for moderate erosion. The details on soil mapping units, their description and multipurpose interpretative groupings have been shown in Appendix-I (Guide to Soil Mapping Units). The Differentiating Morphological Description of Soil Series is furnished in Table-5 and morphological description of soil series is described in Appendix-II. Micro-watershed wise mapping unit list is given in Annexure-III. Analytical methods are described in Appendix- IV. Glossary of Scientific terms used in this report is given in Appendix- V. The symbols used in the report are illustrated in Appendix- VI. For any clarification and comments correspondence may be made to either of the following addresses. The Chief Soil Survey Officer The Sr. Soil Survey Officer Soil & Land Use Survey of India Soil & Land Use Survey of India I.A.R.I. Buildings, New Delhi – 110012 C-4, Sector-1, NOIDA-201301 Ph.: 011-25841263, 25849486 Ph.:0120-2442694, 2544804 Fax: - 011-25843811 Fax – 0120-2442694 Email: - [email protected] Email: - [email protected]

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