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Applying Reduced Impact Logging to Advance Sustainable Forest Management

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Applying Reduced Impact Logging to Advance Sustainable Forest Management Applying Reduced Impact Logging to Advance Sustainable Forest Management Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission International Conference Proceedings 26 February to 1 March 2001 Kuching, Malaysia Edited by Thomas Enters Patrick B. Durst Grahame B. Applegate Peter C.S. Kho Gary Man Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Bangkok, Thailand 2002 Table of Contents The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Senior Forestry Officer, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 39 Phra Atit Road, Bangkok, Thailand. Cover photos: Kuswata Kartawinata, Francis Ng, Reidar Persson and Thomas Enters For copies of the report, write to: Patrick B. Durst Senior Forestry Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 39 Phra Atit Road Bangkok 10200 Thailand Tel: (66-2) 697 4000 Fax: (66-2) 697 4445 Email: [email protected] © FAO 2002 ISBN 974-7946-23-8 Table of Contents Foreword Acknowledgments 1. Introduction - Thomas Enters and Patrick B. Durst 2. Reduced impact logging: concepts and issues - Dennis P. Dykstra 3. Impediments to the adoption of reduced impact logging in the Indonesian corporate sector - A.W. Klassen 4. Helicopter harvesting in the hill mixed dipterocarp forests of Sarawak - Danny Chua Kee Hui 5. Forest harvesting roads: meeting operational, social and environmental needs with efficiency and economy - C.H. Wells 6. Reduced impact logging in Bhutan - Ugyen Thinley 7. Simple measures with substantial impact: implementing RIL in one forest concession in East Kalimantan - Alexander Hinrichs, Rolf Ulbricht, Budi Sulistioadi, Yosep Ruslim, Irwan Muchlis and Djwa Hui Lang 8. Why minimum diameter cutting alone cannot fit with RIL objectives - Plinio Sist, Jean-Guy Bertault and Nicolas Picard 9. Recent advances in training strategy development in support of RIL implementation - Napoleon T. Vergara 10. Improving forest harvesting practices through training and education - Ross Andrewartha 11. Directional tree felling training program: an association’s approach - Peter C.S. Kho and Barney S.T. Chan 12. Forest harvest training - The Sumalindo Project - D. Ed Aulerich and Jefri R. Sirait 13. Reduced impact logging: does it cost or does it pay? - Wulf Killmann, Gary Q. Bull, Olaf Schwab and Reino E. Pulkki 14. Financial assessment of reduced impact logging techniques in Sabah, Malaysia - John Tay, John Healey and Colin Price 15. Financial indicators of reduced impact logging performance in Brazil: case study comparisons - Thomas P. Holmes, Frederick Boltz and Douglas R. Carter 16. Financial and economic analyses of conventional and reduced impact harvesting systems in Sarawak - Aaron Ago Dagang, Frank Richter, B. Hahn-Schilling and Penguang Manggil 17. Financial costs of reduced impact timber harvesting in Indonesia: case study comparisons - Grahame B. Applegate 18. The financial benefits of reduced impact logging: saving costs and the forest A case study from Labanan, East Kalimantan - Muhandis Natadiwirya and Martti Matikainen 19. Improving occupational safety and health: the International Labour Organization’s contribution - Peter Blombäck 20. Safety and occupational health in forestry operations in Australia - Changes in approach through time - Robert McCormack 21. Reduced impact logging in Sarawak, Guyana and Cameroon - the reasons behind differences in approach - W.B.J. Jonkers 22. Building partnerships - Tasmania’s approach to sustainable forest management - Graham R. Wilkinson 23. Progress towards RIL adoption in Brazil and Bolivia: driving forces and implementation successes - Geoffrey M. Blate, Francis E. Putz and Johan C. Zweede 24. Implementing reduced impact logging in the Alas Kusuma Group - Nana Suparna, Harimawan and Gusti Hardiansyah 25. Outcome-based regulations to encourage reduced impact logging - Chris P.A. Bennett 26. Trading forest carbon to promote the adoption of reduced impact logging - Joyotee Smith and Grahame Applegate 27. Addressing the gap between the theory and practice of reduced impact logging - Simon Armstrong and Chris Inglis 28. Incremental cost of complying with criteria and indicators for achieving sustainable forest management - Mohd Shahwahid H.O., Awang Noor A.G., Ahmad Fauzi P., Abdul Rahim N., Salleh M., Muhammad Farid, A.R., Mohammad Azmi M.I. and Amir S. 29. Policies, strategies and technologies for forest resource protection - William B. Magrath and Richard Grandalski 30. Cautious optimism but still a long way to go - Thomas Enters and Patrick B. Durst Back cover Foreword The management of natural forests in the Asia-Pacific region is at a crossroads. Despite some progress toward sustainable forest management, particularly in the years since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), the area of forests that is sustainably managed remains dwarfed by an ever-increasing area of degraded natural forests. Recognition of this challenging problem has grown substantially in recent years, resulting in stepped-up efforts to protect additional areas of natural forests and improve the management of those forests dedicated to timber production. Reduced impact logging (RIL) is a key component of sustainable forest management and various timber-producing countries in the Asia-Pacific region have recognized its considerable potential. RIL has been tested in numerous countries and applied on a small scale. Its widespread application, however, is constrained by several impediments, including the lack of sound information. Information is inadequate in a number of areas, but is most acute with respect to the economic and institutional implications of RIL. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), the USDA Forest Service, CIRAD-Forêt and several other national and international organizations have promoted improved timber harvesting for many years. These efforts reached an important milestone with the organization of the International conference on the application of reduced impact logging to advance sustainable forest management, held from 26 February to 1 March 2001 in Kuching, Malaysia. The conference assessed past and ongoing efforts to implement RIL and considered options for future application. This publication contains papers that were presented and discussed during the conference. Based on their extensive knowledge, the authors address the most pertinent questions and provide a state-of-the-art overview of current thinking and knowledge. The authors and conference organizers suggest that RIL can significantly contribute to sustainable forest management but also flag the many challenges that lie ahead. In presenting this publication, FAO and its partners are pleased to continue their support for sustainable forest management in the Asia-Pacific region. We hope that this publication will help foresters and policy makers to better understand the key issues, challenges and opportunities concerning RIL. The recommendations, as debated and drafted in Kuching, are clear. Governments, industry, research institutions, and international organizations need to intensify their support for the adoption and widespread application of RIL. Without such concerted efforts, the future of the region’s valuable natural forests is uncertain. Acknowledgments This publication is based on papers that were presented at the International conference on the application of reduced impact logging to advance sustainable forest management: constraints, challenges and opportunities, held in Kuching, Malaysia from 26 February to 1 March 2001. The editors would like to thank Mr. Robin Leslie for his editorial support, Gideon Suharyanto for the layout, and Janice Naewboonien who assisted in proofreading. The international conference was made possible because of the outstanding efforts of many organizations and individuals working in close partnership. The organizers are especially grateful to the staff of the Sarawak Timber Association who provided valuable logistical support and played a key role in making the conference a success. Core financial support for the conference was provided by the USDA Forest Service, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) through the pre-project on Strengthening Sustainable Management of Natural Forests in Asia-Pacific, the Tropical Forest Foundation (TFF), the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and CIRAD-Forêt. The in-kind support by the FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, the Sarawak Timber Association, the Forest Department of Sarawak and the Ministry of Forestry in Indonesia is also appreciated. A large number of participants received financial support from a wide
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