Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Financial and Technical Assistance Geological Survey Program 7.5 Minute Series Geologic Quadrangle Map 14 Geologic Map of Wind Cave National Park Prepared in cooperation with the Department of the Interior, Prepared in cooperation with Albion College, Albion, Michigan Brian A. Fagnan, Beth Z. Lincoln1, and Timothy N. Lincoln1 National Park Service, Wind Cave National Park 2011
EXPLANATION
State of South Dakota South Dakota Geological Survey 47 Dennis Daugaard, Governor Derric L. Iles, State Geologist Alluvium - Unconsolidated to loosely consolidated clay, silt, and ! Contact Qal angular to rounded, sand and gravel. Deposited in present-day Long dashed where approximately located; short drainages dashed where inferred only in cross section; arrow R. 5 E. 6 27' 30" R. 6 E. indicates contact dip direction and amount 623 24 Quaternary 48 87 48 33 ( 33 - Unconsolidated to loosely consolidated clay- to 73 Gravel deposit 6 000m. Xrr QTg boulder-sized clasts comprised of Precambrian lithologies and minor Form line 22 E 63 1 6 6 Tic indicates dip direction of beds 2 4400 25 Paleozoic carbonate and sandstone. All gravels are sub-rounded to Xrg Qal 74 rounded. Some gravel deposits could be associated with the White River Xh Group but were not differentiated in the study area 41 Xrr 82 80 62 FAULT
Xrg S 68
an 60 4600 43 ct 81 54 5 u 6 Disconformity ; 103° 30' 4 a 60 r 0 Xrr 0 y 61 6 6 0 QTg T Fault 6 10 4 r 68 QTg 74 a 82 84 35 7 Tertiary Long dashed where approximately located; short 2 i 68 4 l White River Group - Tan, brown, and light-gray siltstone, claystone, 44 49 dashed where inferred; dotted where concealed. Xrr 10 50 Tw and white to light-gray, vuggy, finely-crystalline, lacustrine limestone. 48 000m. 0 Xst Bar and ball on downthrown side 45 54 0 6 6 Oligocene 32 N 65 80 6 4 6 6 25' 6 6 6 103° 22' 30" 4 30 4 32 33 Contains sparse lenses of conglomerate indicating possible stream 54 85 4 0 26 27 28 29 30 47 30 O_d 0 to 71 12 6 48 channels. Some gravel deposits of unit QTg could be associated with the 4111 32 Eocene 84 QTg 4 7 Qal . 10 200 White River Group but were not differentiated in the study area. Exposed Xrr P*m5 Pm6 FOLDS 82 67 10 4 2 5 QTg 3 72 6 0 4 4100 4000 9 thickness greater than 200 ft (61 m) Xrr 88 6 0 20 R. 6 E. R. 7 E. l 53 Mp 0 0 53 i 54 Tw 0 Xh a 30 5 Mp 6 58 r 72 87 70 l 5 ) Pm6 Tw 34 T 42 rai 27 e 26 T 23 9 P*m5 1 QTg H g 47 77 Xh l QTg 8 1 F Anticline d ia 10 QTg 43° 37' 30" Disconformity QTg i Lookout Tower 5 14 45 n Tw R 6 55 28 n Showing crestline and direction of plunge. 35 54 30 e 11 4000 Tw 4 43° 37' 30" n t 10 12 87 i n 4 0 7 Xrr ( O_d 4 300 Long dashed where approximately located; k e 6 70 0 n h 0 C 0 55 X Xh short dashed where inferred; dotted where 0 0 a 0 8 MDe 3 Fall River Formation - Gray to light-gray, fine- to very fine-grained, 0 0 4 53 27 R 30 6 21 7 Xst 52 78 3 Tw concealed 4 80 4 17 Xst Kf thin-bedded, carbonaceous sandstone interbedded with laminated, 69 64 Tw Xst Po 3800 48 78 4 5 carbonaceous siltstone. Exposed thickness greater than 100 ft (30.5 m) 34 50 400 H 0 78 Ju 31 53 0 4 30 Tw 3900 68 29 i 4 Pm g 4 5 11 H 22 h 4 6 000 0 1 54 8 l 20 M Syncline a 48 65 0 4300 53 85 65 Mp n QTg 68 26 9 *m1 61 31 Disconformity Showing troughline and direction of plunge. 63 d Tw 4 6 12 78 00 Long dashed where approximately located; 73 0 58 12 9 41 QTg Lower 0 Mp 4300 88 R 60 82 QTg Qal 11 18 3 Cretaceous short dashed where inferred; dotted where 45 4501 42 11 Cretaceous a 77 00 0 74 55 78 38 0 Lakota Formation - Tan, brown, and light-gray, medium- to concealed n 31 45 8 Ju Tw 0 65 QTg 4300 Js 18 0 k 83 65 Kl A 8 20 coarse-grained, crossbedded sandstone interbedded with mudstone. 4 16 0 i 40 0 40 22 30 4 3 11 00 800 n 4 23 3 6 55 18 0 10 21 Middle of the formation contains lenses of sandy limestone. Forms 82 14 26 0 75 3 72 20 6 20 9 Xh 17 *m3 14 0 7 1 *m1 16 12 0 prominent outcrops; large boulders may occur as colluvium or talus. T Monocline, anticlinal bend 4 63 73 1 8 29 13 15 53 72 3 12 15 86 Kl Axis located on steepest part of structure. Shorter 43 48 18 15 Contains petrified wood. Approximate thickness 200-350 ft 58 78 20 8 *m3 15 Kl 440 74 arrow indicates steeper beds. Long dashed where 70 70 R 84 43 0 *m2 4300 12 Js (61-106.7 m) 4 20 Mp 14 approximately located; dotted where concealed P*m5 4 6 QTg i 56 4 48 75 0 4 0 Xst 6 d 32 *m4 6 2 0 Ju 30 00 0 89 13 0 19 MDe 0 g 4823 4 0 4300 42 10 25 10
0 10 4 H 0 e 69 18 0 81 79 Xrr 43 12 0
0 74 69 83 QTg i QTg 48 Disconformity 64 4 g 80 MDe 2 0 36 48 68 0 h Pm6 21 30 I 57 *m3 Overturned anticline
Xrr 85 0 l 3 a 70 79 2 4 3 5 Mp 5 QTg 0 45 0 n 0 Ju Location of trace of axial surface and dip 10 9 QTg 80 73 0 Qal C d r 3 e 4 13 Ju 20 direction of limbs; long dashed where Xh O_d 15 e C Unkpapa Sandstone - Buff to white, calcareous, well-sorted, friable,
72 58 46 1 k 29
*m r
Xrg 45 e Ju approximately located; dotted where concealed  quartz sandstone. Locally pink to purple in the top of the formation.
69 38 e 6 k 84 84 Po 4 B Kl 34 *m4 10 14 Fine- to medium-grained, crossbedded. Approximate thickness 8 QTg 12 T 16 74 53 4 o Js
15 S *m4 r Tw 15 a l
38 a *m4 10 a B 10-50 ft (3.0-15.2 m) i la o Upper 4 72 o 70 Mp n l Pm 0 ck P 7 75 84 68 n t Overturned syncline R 450 c QTg 0 ai Creek 14 84 0 0 l 0 4 t Pm d 1 0 6 4 u 78 0 Jurassic 74 e 4 Location of trace of axial surface and dip 0 18
80 47 a *m3 9 0 7
a 0 77 55 r Pm6 4
y 4200 82 22 3 81
73 v 71 14 3900 71 8 direction of limbs; long dashed where
T Js 00 Disconformity 28 o
e r 4 17 25 o
73 a 2 approximately located; dotted where concealed
Xh s 00
o
48 i o
Xh L l 0 14 Kl A
0 o
29 3 12 13 Tw o
64 i 4 P*m5 Â
60 MDe m 6 Â A
^Ps 84 o
75 11 o
27 11 o Tw o 51 *m1 9 Ä
Xcs 67 e 3 Â Sundance Formation - Includes the members listed below, which
0 9
68 0 o 48
Mp s 5 0 0 70 o
Qal 5 6 10 86 s
53 9 8 4 29 43 t 0 *m4 3 ÄÄ Js 60 57 o 40 4 o Ä are observed in the field but not shown separated on the map or cross Small anticline
4 o 8 QTg 100 22 1 Ö Pigtail n 4 0 Qal 82 o  Showing bearing and plunge
56 e 4 13 0 24
80 4600 1 Pm6 2 Qal section. Approximate thickness 240-270 ft (73.2-82.3 m) Bridge 23 19 *m3 0 1
24 20 0 9 23 o
Xh Pm  o 0 16
QTg 0 o
) o
17 Â Tw o 9 Â 11
57 o  4400 6  3 o
53 10 6 R 3
76 84 53 6 90o 9 Mp o
C 15 0 G i Ä 78 14 10 Ä
QTg ^Ps Ä Redwater Shale Member - Light gray-green, calcareous,
72 e 80 d 6 Small syncline u n o o A A
O_d 78 6 6 g o o × A
86 lc 55 te 13 glauconitic siltstone and sandstone. Contains tA he fossil PachytAeuthis sp. Showing bearing and plunge
4 n 4 11 e o
52 h 3 20 Ä 0 Ä
Mp 4 6 n 0 9 P*m5 8 58 Kf¹ Ä
0 12 o O_d 73 Â Ä 3 Xh i 13 62 Ao A
Â Ä 0 A
4
63 a Â Ä Distinct as a marker bed when seen in outcrop 80 4 8
6 5 o  o
l 1 10
0 12
¹
71 e MDe 0 o
74 T 5 s
58 *m1 0 Ridge 45 r 13 6 6 0 nd Trail o
o a o 85 a Â
76 ol 8 o A A 63 Ú
Xh 72 il *m2 3 QTg 6 QTg B A QTg ¹ 33 4 Ä
7 QTg . o Minor fold
00 MDe *m1 4 s A 4
3 Â
Kl o Disconformity 8 6 o Axis and plunge of single fold 48 6 0 4 8 Ä Jurassic
62 0 200 *m4 0 ¹ A 0 72 A o
28 45 11 0 7 o 0 11
10 11 5 o o 11 50 Pm6 3 89 o A 8 p 6 M 4 48
79 15 0 33 o
57 C 0 28 o ¹ 0 - Red, fine-grained, calcareous, 58 68 a Lak Shale Member o
44 Mp ny P*m5 Po Pm QTg o R. 6 Eo . o R. 7 E. A a Dome
44 o o A o glauconitic siltstone and sandstone. Distinct as a marker bed when n o
66 00 C 22 5 ^Psg o Middle A 3
u *m2 9 o A
QTg 17 P*m5 0 A o seen in outcrop o
60 r *m4 Js o o o 0 Â 72 4 0 ¹ o A Ä
50 l 3 0 Pm6 26 Jurassic o 68 e 00 2 7 o Xcs 4 o Xh 0 A A y Qal
60 54 4300 Mp 0 o A o
*m1 0 9 A Ä 3 o
0 Ju Ä
3 29 38 Â STRIKE AND DIP OF BEDDING
69 70 46 46 3 12 0 A o 4 0 o A 26 4 ¹ A
QTg 8 s AA - Light-gray, fine-grained,
4 o A Hulett Sandstone Member 0 A o ¹
0 42
73 63 44 Xrg 00 o o A
C
78 0 Ä calcareous, glauconitic sandstone interbedded with grayish-green
80 0 o 53 o o Â
9 Ä
O_d MDe s o 33 a
10 ^Psg Kl o o o
17 40 o O_d 13 o
n o o Inclined 3 claystone. Contains abundant ripple marks 73 Pm6 9 85 A 26 ¹ y QTg 0 27 Â o 78 0 26 42 74 R *m1 o A 32 47 47 0 *m3 o o
0 o 38 n 6 B
30 1 6 78 A
26 25 4 27 28 12 e s A Â MDe 4 U
48 7 2 26 o 25' o
79 0 QTg o
 A
0 d ^Ps 19 Â o 3961 F Â
o
27 o 48 o
Highland Stockade Beaver Shale MembA er - Tan to light gray-green, o
77 15 F 27 o A Â e o A
85 Â Horizontal o 89 A o A
52 85 6 o A 83 4 o
56 3 L 80 calcareous, glauconitic, thin-bedded shale, sandstone, and siltstone. o
14 Mp 70 s ¹
B 74 o O
69 0 o o o e 68 T 4 43° 35' o
r o o
Xcs l a r 00 o Contains the fossil Pachyteuthis sp.
a ia il e 35' 0 G Ä A 35' o
v n av 81 Ä
35' Â o o A
4 45 A
e n e  o o
5 6 B o
10 e r e o  A A o
0 64 t P 33 Ä
o 4200 Ä
n o A Overturned
59 0 *m1 0 17 31 A
^Psg Â
0 4 A o e M
C 8 ¹ s
4 3 0 ¹ 20 o
3 o
Mp re C 15 Â A Where direction of younging is known 0 13 O 0 Â
0 e 0 31 Â o
k 64 30 0 o Canyon Springs Sandstone MemAber - Tan, gray,o and yellow, 4 4200 N
Mp ¹ o
Qal k D o
e 8 o
7 e Pm O ¹
o o
r o 38 o
o 78 medium-grained, crossbedded sandstone. Contains ripple marks 7 Â
MDe Norbeck Lake C r o Ä
41 Ä
QTg 0 y Tw o
00 C Ä
Qal s o 65 4 Ä
74 88 Js L 21 Ä
Pm ^Psg o
k QTg o 1 78 o Ä
8 82 *m 4 o
2 e 40 I ¹ A
38 82 e o N Ä o o
C o o ol 38 r A ¹ d 59 Ä STRIKE AND DIP OF FOLIATION
78 E Ä
C o
46 10 ¹ Ä o Disconformity
S O_d 5 14 QTg 5 C 41 s s  A o
12 o
p r o 78 85 6 e o
ri 85 75 e 41
n 11 4 k 81 o
g 4300 42 00
00 0 Ä 21 Ä l Lookout 14 81 33
85 E A i
0 o
48 9 A o
o Lower o
3 o
0 ¹
8 a N Inclined
27 Mp 8 - Red to maroon shale and siltstone.
26 QTg o Spearfish Formation
3 5 I
P*m o
P Ä
o o r int A
8 8 0 TPsg Ä
53 4 8 6 Triassic
0 o
L o
Rest T . 0 o Triassic o O_d O 0 Â A A
o t  o Â
k 3
u C Interbedded brecciated limestone beds up to 2 ft (0.6 m) thick locally near
12 o t oi n 3 48 000m. Ä Area o P 4 I
o Ä Ä 7
A Ä L Pm6 o Ä
26 N o
*m4 o o T
MDe Po 0
3 15 3 o
87 Pm6 8 0 TPs the base. Discontinuous gypsum beds (TPsg) up to 3 ft (0.9 m) thick are
0 QTg 9 A o
( 0 N
8 A
Mp 0 o
af 15 Â A o
0 Â o
 o
*m1 *m3 16 Pm 82 abundant locally near the top, with small veins and lenses throughout the A s STRIKE AND DIP OF FRACTURES o
4 o  o
A A A
4 Rest *m2 6 8 35 o
5 Area Â
0 Pm Y o Â
0 9 o A
34 middle to the top of the formation. Dissolution features are indicated by o
E A B' o o
^Psg 3
385 C QTg
*m4 6
L A
¤ 33 s
Â
o
0 Ä 36 r Â
9 Js o A' Â
QTg 4 e o D 0 fragments of shale and siltstone silicified in the gypsÄum. Approximate
o 33
o A
20 e
Mp U o
*m3 31 o o
o Â
15 ^Ps k o Inclined 11 o
35 QTg D ¹
*m3 A thickness 350-400 ft (106.7-121.9 m) o V
Ä
11 Ä *m1 o o o Ä
o o
13 o Ä
o Upper 0 a A
4 Ä
3 Pm 0 Ä
11 o o l A
0 9 10 o H o
0 3 l A Permian
i e o
23 QTg gh A
0 ¹ o
l 0 Disconformity Ä o
a 2 y
P Â
4 o Vertical Â
r nd QTg Tw
*m4 o
Ä
A Ä
o
a C 4 6 000m. o o
3 Ä
r 7 6 o Ä Ä
l i e ¹ i o o
0 32 E o T Ä
QTg 3 11 o
r r e 31 Ä
a 0 o n A A
48 t i k Qal A Ä
T 20 Pm Ä
e ra 13 o
M i o
*m1 l o
o
25 103° 22' 30" o
Mp oo Ä
k 8 - White, pink, and purple, finely-crystalline, Ä o o Ä
o Minnekahta Limestone
l 17 o o 4200 Â
P*m5 7 af o o Ä
D 48 o
E 19 9 Multiple
o 65 A o
o Ä
11 Ä Pm Ä QTg Ä o 25 o
o laminated to thin-beÄ dded, locally petroliferous limestone. Interbedded  A 0
g Qal 9 Â o Ä Point of observation where symbols join
0 Pm6 6 8 o o
2 o Â
T. 5 S. Â
13 o o
¹ o
4 QTg  with thin layers of shale at the middle and base. Forms prominent dip o
T. 5 S. *m4 QTg 13 o AA o
o Â
) 6 6 A o Â
af Campgrounds 6 slopes and cliffs. Contains minor folds and box folds throughout the
Ä
) A o Ä
Po 28 29 30 Ä A A o o Ä
o A
o o
Ä o
*m3 *m4 Ä
o 12 formation. Approximate thickness 40-50 ft (12.2-15.2 m) o Ä o Äo Ä
4 o o Ä
400 T. 6 S. ÄA Ä
) QTg Po o A KARST FEATURE
Mp QTg n A Ä o o A e
o Ä
T. 6 S. 5 o Po o
Ä Ä
6 o ÄÄ Ä
y Ä *m1 12 o Ä
5 Ä
P*m 20 n Ä Disconformity
s A
C a A Po o
V 4200 C
e Ä i o
Elk Mountain r a ir a 5 Ä Area of collapse
P i n Pm s o
o o
4200 y o Permian
t Due to dissolution of underlying beds
o
QTg QTg Ä a o o
Po o A Ä
n
T 10 PmPm Opeche Shale - Unconsolidated red to maroon shale, mudstone, and o
*m1 r l Pm ¹ o
55 a
164 A A 0 Po a Po
1 Â
48 O
0 ) i 9 Â Po siltstone having lavender coloring in the upper 5 ft (1.5 m). Erodes easily, o l s 0 al o Q o 4 16 v
24 4 10 Ä 22 0 r 48 Po )
28 o ¹
80 e 24 Po A weathering to a fine soil. Poorly exposed on slopes beneath the Breccia pipe or sinkhole
18 o AÄ
Wind Cave 5 af 6 h Ä Ä
71 oo
W c
5 4 1 ÄÄ 1 r Minnekahta Limestone. Approximate thickness 80-100 ft (24.4-30.5 m)
0 in 15 o
0 o
d Po o e  ¹ 6 o
Park Head o Ä quarters o
 d 8 o A Ä 2 Win K R. 5 E. Â
80 7 C Po . o C av Po Ä
23 a e 6 6 6 o Lower Ä Stream loss zone
*m3 v 17 18 19 o
Mp e 66 Disconformity 4 ¹
83 o o Permian
af Po Qal o
0 o *m4 20 QTg o
C 4 15 o
0
o 7 4 Ca o
7 nyon  0
) Cicero Peak o Mt. Coolidge Butcher Hill o
t Ä
to 9 o A
o
n Ca n 3 Qal Pm  Minnelusa Formation (unit 6) - Tan, gray, yellow,o to red o w nyo ¹ o o 4 OTHER FEATURES
o 0 T A
0 Pm6 o
3 d r o brecciated sandstone interbedded with thin beds of mostly brecciated 72 Â 0
a 26 Â
0 i ) Po o
*m2 0 l o
2 o
12 o limestone, discontinuous thin layers of anhydrite, and thin beds of
4 4 29 28
o o A o
QTg 4 Pm6 65 o o
48 72 unbrecciated sandstone, all poorly exposed. Limestone contains Artificial fill
Äo
23 Ä
*m3 22 Xmgw o o
5 Pm Ao
12 36 o brachiopods.Top of unit contains bright-red interbedded o shale and Compacted earth, indicated only where extensive C Ä Â
12 re 48 AÂ af
e 13 ¹ Â Ä
17 k Ä Ä A
13 0 12 35 o 0 23 o A Windy Point 1 Qal e
6 4 11 Qal Qal A sandstone. Sandstone beds form prominent bench outcrops.
25 8 Qal Â
12 Qal Qal Ä A o
o
6 *m1 Qal Ä 34 o al Ä e Q o
45 0 Qal oo o
20 5 0 20 Approximate thickness 110-130 ft (33.5-39.6 m)
6 o Qal o
4 *m3 385 A Ä 5 ¤ E o
58 4 Ä
50 o
8 0 ÄÄ o Ä
a 6 Â
0 " 4 o
1 17 62 Â
75 5 s 15 Â
5 P*m5 4 o Ä " o 430 o 0 t 48 o Â
o o Ä Ä
 Wind Cave passages o 5 12 B 26 48
B P*m5 Po Pm o Disconformity
4 A o 25 i 6 26 s 0 Showing mapped subsurface extent in Pahasapa 5 5 is 00 Xmgq T. 5 S. o oÄÄ Â 0 Ä *m4 o
*m4 o
 7 o Ä 8 2 Ä 8 8 n 63 15 n 4 4 Limestone Â
35 5 40 " F ¹
10 ¹ Ä A
l Ä
15 o a
QTg o¹ AÄ Minnelusa Formation (unit 5) - Bright-ored, yellow, light-tan, to
" Ä
Mp t
*m1 5 A Ä
A Ä
25 s
5 60 " o
75 o Pm6
10 7 85 o
T ¹ P R m5 gray, fine- to coarse-grained sandstone with light-bo lue-gray chert nodules 11 12 o O 10 QTg 47 Ä
30 A o r  10 Ä
40 32 12 a Cold Spring 85 Pm Ä Mine adit or cave i 4600 near base. Upper portion is a red to light-red breccia withÄ a carbonate 3 l
17 *m 2 43° 32' 30" o Ä
3 QTg Ä
43° 32' 30" 5 4 Xmgw 33
2 Ä o
48 0 Qal 8 matrix. A dark-red sandstone so eparates the lower and upper portions.
32 o 0 *m1 A o o Ä 0 Pm
4 A o 22 *m1 0 300 F 4700
3 25 l
a 48 o
Fossil 4 17 t 26 Approximate thickness 80-100 ft (24.4-30.5 m) Ã
s 22 Mp Ä 6 20 22 14 Pm A Prospect pit o R P*m5 Pm6 Pm 0 Ä idge 17 0 Ä 1 O_d MDe A A Co 4200 4 Pm o 5 ld 4 100 Pringle Wind CavAe A Boland Ridge 16 35 12 18 4 Pm
Br Pm6 0 13 AAA Disconformity
Brook ook 10 Tw o C old 4 Pm Ca 21 Pm o o
nyo Trail 12 48 000m.
n 25 N e
^Ps 48 o
8 Pm 25 Pm o o
o o Pm o o Minnelusa Formation (unit 4) - Browonish-yellow to tan dolomite
QTg 22 6 6
8 6 Pm 617000m.E 18 19 Pm o
25 Wind Cave National Park boundary Rm4 o
11 Ä interbedded with sandstono e and laminated limestone. Dolomitic beds may *m3 Ä Ä *m1 Mp 27'30" Ä
*m1 5 QTg 74 o Po with 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle locations contain manganese dendrites. Uo nit weathers into colluvial slopes.
5 42 o 10 0
9 16 12 5 Qal 0 Pm Pm Approximate thickness 60-80 ft (18.3-24.4 m) B 4 15 4 Po o 30 10 0 1 Pm Pm
0 8 20 00 Pm
16 4 6 4 Pm Pm Pm
48 6 Pm6 10 C o o
A Disconformity 21 48 Pm 4 Rest 5 a 14 o 1 *m4 QTg 21 o
Limestone Spring 0 n Area P*m5 20 0 Pm
y ) Pm 15 8 6 Pm o af o Upper 27 6 Tw Ä
n - Brownish-yellow to tan, sometimes
21 13 A Pennsylvanian Pennsylvanian Minnelusa Formation (unit 3) 40 *m3
25 10 16 Pm Pm
6 15 10 25 Pm o A Rm3 silicified sandstone interbedded with shale. Unit is poorly exposed, except o
Qal Pm o 12 14 o 3 Pm o *m 15 o
15 10 5 23 QTg 4 13 AA for silicified sandstone interbedded with shale, and weathers into colluvial
4 000 2 0 Ä
00 o
7 6 7 0 Â
Pm 1 slopes. Top of unit may contain a brownish-yellow to light-gray, sandy
*m4 12 4 o Â
o QTg A
G o
8 00 10 73 o 2 Po o 10 4 Pm6 b o limestone. Approximate thickness 100-120 ft (30.5-36.6 m) o
8 bl 13 Pm Ä
12 85 er Ä
5 Pm  o C Qal A
43 10 a 00 25 10 Äo n Â
10 18 19 y Pm
16 20 6 o Minnelusa Formation (unit 2) - Yellowish-gray to light-gray, thin-
5 4 G n 2 Pm o A 5 o o 0 Â A 20 20 b Pm 0 QTg b 10 Â Â Rm2 bedded limestone. Contains distinctive red and white chert nodules, 48 6 le Po 30 o A 20 17 QTg 12 14 r 48 A R 41 especially near the top. Limestone beds are up to 2 ft (0.6 m) thick and 65 14 id 00 11 20
QTg 55 6 g PmPmPm
10 12 Pm6 Gobbler e South Dakota interbedded with sandstone and shale layers up to 0.5 ft (0.2 m) thick.
8 12 9 6 PmPm A
Pass 24 o
6 6 Pm Pm o Unit is poorly exposed. Approximate thickness is 40-60 ft (12.2-18.3 m)
20 21 385 Pm
21 ¤ Ä o  4 o
1 78 R. 5 E. R. 6 E.
0 11 4
Po 1 o A
0 Â
23 24 o  P*m5 0 8 o o
17 8 0 o
8 o Minnelusa Formation (unit 1) - Tan or red, medium- to coarse-
2 o
8 10 Ä o
o o o A Rm1 grained, cross-bedded, basal sandstone. Overlain by tan or red, fine- o
o o
6 6 o o
22 23 o Ä o Ä
o Wind Cave National Park Location grained, upper siltstone which is compensatory in thickness with the basal
o
o
103° 30' o o
o
o sandstone. Unit is poorly exposed and weathers into colluvial slopes.
o Ä A
Po o oo
o o Approximate thickness is 25-90 ft (7.6-27.4 m) o
o o
o
e o
Pm o
Pm o o A
o o o 1 o o Disconformity
Albion College, Albion, Michigan o Digital cartography by Wesley P. Christensen and Brian A. Fagnan
o o
o A o
o Pahasapa Limestone - Gray to light-tan, cavernous limestone and
Field assisted by Darren W. Dyk and Jacob A. Tielke o o o o
o
o Mp dolomitic limestone. Massive limestone with sparse chert nodules
o Ä o
o o A o o in the upper portion; thin- to medium-bedded, dolomitic, sandy limestone
o in the lower portion. Forms prominent cliffs. Disconformity between the o
Ä o A o o
Map base modified from U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000-scale Boland Ridge, Butcher Hill, Ä o o Pahasapa Limestone and the overlying Minnelusa Formation (unit 1) is a
NORTH SCALE 1:24,000 o Lower ^ Seleco ted References e Mt. Coolidge, Pringle, and Wind Cave digital line graphs. o A Mississippian Mississippian paleokarst surface containing terra rosa-filled sinkholes and breccia pipes.
Projection is Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 13 N. A
GN MN o Contains abundant tabulate corals, spiriferid brachiopods, and burrows, o o o o A
Datum is 1983 North American. 1 0.5 0 1 Bayley, R.W., 1972, Preliminary geologic map of the Nemo district, Black Hills, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous and sparse gastropods and rugose corals. Approximate thickness Mile o
UTM grid information generated from the Arcmap layout grid function. Geologic Investigations Map I-712, scale 1:24,000. A 275-375 ft (83.8-114.3 m)
Â
o o o
8 22' Ä o A o
1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 o Ä o
o A o Fagnan, B.A., 2002, Correlation of surface geologyo with subsurface geology and karst development at Jewel Cave National Monument, o Englewood Limestone - Lavender, mauve to pink, interbedded The Geological Survey Program, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, engages 148 MILS o
1 10' Feet o
in an ongoing data collection and interpretation process. An outcome of that process is to Custer County, South Dakota: Rapid City, S. Dak., South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, M.S. thesis, 143 p. o MDe limestone, dolomitic limestone, and purple-gray shale. Laminated to medium-
o o
21 MILS o o Upper bedded. Fine- to medium-crystalline with some coarse-grained crinoidal beds.
reflect those interpretations on maps such as this one. Reasonable efforts have been made to A o A o o o Devonian o
1 0.5 0 1 2009, Geologic mao p of the Jewel Cave quadrangle, South Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey 7.5 minute series Devonian Bioturbated; contains sparse rugose corals, spiriferid brachiopods, and
ensure that this map accurately reflects the source data used in its preparation. This map is o
Kilometer o o o
o
date specific. As additional data become available, geologic interpretations may be revised and Geologic Quaodrangle Mapo 9, scale 1:24,000. crinoid columnals. Thickness 35-50 ft (10.7-15.2 m)
A o o
o o o A A the map may be updated by the Geological Survey. This map should not be enlarged or o e A
otherwise used in an attempt to interpret more detail than can be seen at a scale of 1:24,000. APRIL 13, 2011, MAGNETIC NORTH Redden, J.A., and DeWitt, E., 2008, Maps showing geology, structure, and geophysics of the central Black Hills, South Dakota: U.S. Disconformity
o o
DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET Contour Interval 20 Feet o A
Geological Survey Scientific Investigations o Map 2777, scale 1:100,000. o
(40 feet for Mt. Coolidge quadrangle) o o
o Lower Ordovician o
o AA A o Ordovician Deadwood Formation - Reddish-brown, basal conglomeratic sandstone
o  o
Redden, J.A., Peterman, Z.E., Zartman, R.E., and DeWitt, E., 1990, UÄ-Th-Pb geochronology and preliminary interpretaion of oo
 o
o Ä
Ä O@d
o o Ä Ä and local conglomerate; middle glauconitic sandstone, siltstone, and shale; o
Precambrian tectonic events in the Bo lack Hills, South Dakota: in Lewry, J.F., and Stauffer, M.R., eds., The Early Proterozo oic
o
Trans-Hudson Orogoeno of North America: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 37, p. 229-251. Middle to upper coarse-grained sandstone having nodular weathering. Laminated to o
o
o Cambrian Upper Cambrian thick-bedded. Contains trilobite and inarticulate brachiopod fragments.
o
o o Â
o o
Ä Approximate thickness 65-75 ft (19.8-22.9 m)
o o
Wolcott, D.E., 1967, Geology of the Hot Sprino gs quadrangle, Fall River and Custer Counties, South DÄakota: U.S. Geological Survey
o o o
Bulletin 1063-K, p. 427-442, scale 1:24,000. o o A
o Unconformity o
o Ä Ä Ä
Â Ä ÄÄ o o o o o Xh Harney Peak Granite - Sills and dikes of predominantly coarse-grained to pegmatitic, tan to pink S-type granite. Age 1,715 Ma ± 3 Ma (Redden et al, 1990)
Unnamed formation Xq (Redden and DeWitt, 2008) Possibly equivalant
n n
o
k o
5 to Buck Mountain Quartzite of Bayley (1972). Here subdivided into the following
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e 8
n n
e
3 r
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units:
C y
C
C
a
d k
g
w
o o
o
h o
o Acknowledgements
D
r g
i
w Micaceous metagraywacke unit - Muscovite schist to quartz B
e n
i H
Xmgq
r o
i d .
t l
t mica schist. Brown, grayish-brown to gray. Laminated to thin-bedded.
a
S o
r .
B o B' C P
U Xmgw C Unpublished field maps were generously made available for completion of the project by Jack A. Redden (South Dakota School of Xmgq - Quartzite, reddish-brown to gray. Thin-bedded to massive, 5,000 Feet 5,000 Feet Mines and Technology) and Mark D. Fahrenbach (Geological Survey Program, South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural *m1-2 QTg Qal QTg Qal *m1-2 *m3 Qal QTg *m4 P*m5 QTg Qal *m3 *m1-2 Qal *m4 QTg Qal P*m5 QTg Qal QTg Qal Pm6 fine- to medium-grained, micaceous. A massive bed up to 30 ft (9.1 m) Resources). The authors thank Rodney D. Horrocks (Wind Cave National Park) for facilitating the mapping project on National Park thick occurs at the top of the unit Service property, obtaining grants for seasonal help, and recognizing geologic structure in subsurface cave passages for validation of Mp 4,000 surface geologic interpretations. The work of Beth and Timothy Lincoln was supported by grants from the Hewlett-Mellon Fund for 4,000 Cold Spring Creek quartzite unit - Interbedded quartzite and Mp Mp Faculty Development at Albion College, Albion, Michigan, and by the National Park Service. The Geological Survey Program also O_d MDe Xcs micaceous schist. Some quartzite layers near base are biotite-bearing, XWu Known passages of thanks Joseph and Ginny Jackl for accommodating our lodging needs for three field seasons. XWu & upper quartzite layers are typically pure. Includes sections of $ O_d Wind Cave XWu O_d MDe 3,000 3,000 thick-bedded quartzite without intervening schist, resulting in cliff- and ridge-forming quartzite intervals up to 40 ft (12.2 m) thick. Interbedded schists include laminated biotite-microcline schist, biotite-muscovite schist, and quartz-biotite-muscovite-garnet schist
Reaves Gulch schist unit - Biotite schist and thick- to Xrg thin-bedded impure quartzite and biotite-quartzite interbedded with thin-bedded to laminated quartz-biotite schist, quartz-biotite-plagio- Precambrian Lower clase schist, and quartz-biotite-muscovite schist. Also contains Proterozoic minor thick quartzite beds, intervals of uniform, biotite-muscovite-rich schist, and minor garnet-rich layers which contain up to 3 percent manganese. Contains abundant amphibolite layers outside of Wind E N
I Cave National Park L C O
E N
N O Rankin Ridge quartzite unit - Quartzite and siliceous schist.
I n o
L M
y Xrr Thick-bedded, clean quartzite and minor biotitic quartzite interbedded C
k
I P n
e a
T A
e
e with poorly exposed fine-grained quartzite with muscovite partings, C
N
r
g G
d A
y
C e
i
k
O
e fine-grained quartz-muscovite schist, fine-grained quartz-biotite schist,
A n A'
l
e Y
R d
l L
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e
n t
E
a A 6,000 Feet n r
i and thin coarse-grained quartz-biotite-sillimanite schist. Includes a s 6,000 Feet
L
V
l F
k C e
h D F
d
n
y
g thick-bedded quartzite without intervening schist, forming cliffs and m
U
e
a i r U i L
D
R B R H D ridges of quartzite intervals up to 70 ft (21.3 m) thick. Some quartzite QTg Qal MDe O_d MDe MDe Mp Qal *m1-2 Qal QTg *m3 *m4 QTg P*m5 QTg Qal Qal Pm6 Qal QTg Po Pm Qal QTg QTg Qal ^Psg QTg ^Psg Tw Po Qal Qal 5,000 MDe Pm6 5,000 beds are graded allowing determination of tops
Xh Xh Sanctuary Trail schist unit - Schist, quartz-plagioclase rock, Xrr 4,000 Xh Xh Mp 4,000 Xst and quartzite. Coarse-grained quartz-biotite-microcline-sillimanite- Xrr ? Xrr *m1-2 Pm Js muscovite schist containing less than 50 percent quartz is abundant MDe ^Ps Xh ? O_d ^Ps in lower section but occurs throughout the unit. Characteristic Xh *m1-2 3,000 Xst 3,000 thin-bedded, quartz-rich, quartz-plagioclase-biotite-muscovite with or Xh Xst $ Mp without microcline rocks are abundant in the upper part of the unit. Xst MDe XWu XWu Biotite- and feldspar-bearing quartzite and pure quartzite occur Xh XWu O_d 2,000 2,000 throughout, becoming more abundant near the top
Undifferentiated Lower Proterozoic and Upper Archean rocks - XWu Shown only in cross section