/PACIFIC AREA

Therefore the authors of the 7 studies describe the complete sets of negatives in one language A Grammar of Western Dani they know from their own empirical research. The languages of the individual studies are Saliba, Teop, Nêlêmwa, Tongan, Futunan, PETER BARCLAY Tokelauan, and Tahitian.

Monash University Contents: Ulrike Mosel : Towards a typology of negation in ; Anna Margetts: This study presents a detailed description of the Western Dani language. All the word Negation in Saliba (Papua New Guinea, Milne classes are discussed beginning with the nouns. While some nouns may have plural forms, Bay Province); Ulrike Mosel & Ruth Saovana Spriggs: Negation in Teop (Bougainville, North normally the same form is used for both singular and plural. Possession is indicated by Solomon Islands); Claire Moyse-Faurie & prefixes and there are a small number of suffixes marking such things as place and contents. Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre: Negation in New Adjectives normally follow nouns and as well there is sophisticated array of intensifiers Caledonian and Loyality Islands languages; which modify both nouns and verbs. Isabelle Brill: Negation in Nêlêmwa (New Caledonia); Jürgen Broschart: Negation in There are a relatively small number of verbs in Western Dani. Nominals may be used Tongan; Claire Moyse-Faurie: Negation in East preceding verbs to give new meanings and as well, complex actions may be designated not Futunan (Futuna, Wallis and Futuna Islands); by a separate verb but by joining together the various constituent simple actions. Verbs are Arnfinn Muruvik Vonen: Negation in Tokelauan; often morphologically complex. Subjects are marked by suffixes and objects may be Gilbert Lazard & Louise Peltzer: La négation en tahitien; Bibliography. marked either by prefixes or inner suffixes. Depending on the type of object, verbs may be assigned objects from a particular object class, though any particular verb may ISBN 3 89586 602 4. LINCOM Studies in accommodate objects from more than one of these classes. Austronesian Languages 02. 180pp. USD The language is structured according to the realis/irrealis distinction. A number of the 93.10 / EUR 75.70 / GBP 64.40. 1999. more common verbs have a different root depending on the status. There is a far past which is used for events that are no longer considered relevant to the present, an intermediate past Wulguru for events that have happened and a near past for events that have just happened and are a salvage study of a north-eastern regarded as complete. The present is used for events that are currently occurring. There are Australian language from two intentive forms that are used depending on whether the intention is to act immediately Townsville or later on. Future forms are normally used for events that are considered very likely to occur. There is, as well, a sophisticated array of aspectual forms including habitual, MARK DONOHUE continuous, durative and iterative. Monash University

Nouns may be joined together by conjunctions or simply juxtaposed. Serial verbs also Wulguru was a Pama-Nyungan language typical may be joined to indicate simultaneity, successiveness or purpose. There are a number of of the sort found on the northeast coast of subordinate clauses including relative and conditional clauses. Dependent clauses are used Australia; it ceased to be spoken before it was for narration of events. Two verbs are normally used at the end of each dependent clause to properly documented. Wulguru was spoken in the area around present day Townsville, and also on indicate person, number, tense and whether or not the subject of the next clause will be the the islands extending out to Palm Island. The same or different to that in the current clause. These verbs also indicate whether the actions sketch that is presented here has been assembled in adjoining clauses occurs simultaneously or successively. Western Dani is a very precise from the available data, based mainly on a journal language and every effort is taken to avoid any ambiguity of reference. It is also complex kept by Charles Price, a resident of Townsville in the late 19th century; the current work is as and has offered many challenges to those from other cultures who seek to understand it. complete a record as we are likely to have.

ISBN 978 3 89586 297 7 (Hardbound). LINCOM Grammar Handbooks 01. 670 pp. USD 169.10 / Wulguru had a vowel-length distinction; as a result of initial consonant loss, vowels could EUR 137.50 / GBP 116.90. 2008. begin words; further, there were monosyllabic words. Wulguru marked syntactic relations by constructions are proposed. Although a means of case marking; the ergative showed Anaphoric Expressions semantically-based analysis appears on initial allomorphy based on syllable count as well as examination to account for the puzzling behavior final consonant identity. There were at least three in the Peranakan of anaphoric expressions in the three different verbal conjugations, possibly as many as constructions, it is shown that such an analysis is five or six. Verbal agreement was optional, Javanese of Semarang less adequate than an analysis based on a though this might represent second position combination of c-command and semantics. In clitics. The only textual material consists of a few PETER COLE, GABRIELLA HERMON, addition, the use of anaphoric expressions for short phrases, as well as the transcription of some non-local coreference is examined. The final songs, and the main text that we have for YASSIR TJUNG, CHANG-YONG SIM, chapter of the monograph is devoted to Wulguru, a translation of The Lord’s Prayer. It CHONGHYUCK KIM comparing anaphoric expressions used in becomes apparent (after back-translation) that it Peranakan and those used in the Javanese variety was not Price himself who assembled the prayer spoken by Pribumi (ethnically Javanese) In this monograph the properties of the anaphoric translation, but probably a Wulguru speaker who speakers. A markedly different anaphoric system expressions found in Peranakan (ethnically makes a secret cry against the white invasion of is found in the language of Pribumi speakers. Chinese) Javanese as spoken in the city of the area.

Semarang are examined. This is the first detailed ISBN 978 3 89586 327 1. Languages of the study of Peranakan Javanese and the first ISBN 978 3 89586 040 9. LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 72. 156 pp. USD 78.60 / World/Materials 463. 80pp. USD 53.00 / EUR monograph-length examination of anaphora in an 43.10 / GBP 36.60. 2007. . Three types of anaphoric EUR 63.90 / GBP 54.30. 2007. expressions in Peranakan are discussed, true reflexives "pseudo-reflexives" and pronouns. It is Language and Text in shown that the distribution of true reflexives and Negation in Oceanic pronouns conforms to Conditions A and B of the the Austronesian World Binding Theory (Chomsky 1981). The third type Languages of anaphoric expression, the pseudo-reflexive, - Typological Studies - Studies in Honour of Ülo Sirk however, appears to constitute a problematic case for the Binding Theory. EVEN HOVDHAUGEN & ULRIKE MOSEL YURY A. LANDER & ALEXANDER K. Various analyses to account for the peculiar (EDS.) OGLOBLIN (eds.) distribution of pseudo-reflexives in Peranakan are considered and it is concluded that pseudo- Institute of Oriental Studies, Moscow The aim of this book is to present in-depth studies reflexives are anaphoric forms that are neither on negation in 7 Oceanic languages and a survey pronouns nor reflexives. The distribution of This volume, dedicated to Ülo Sirk, one of the of negation in the New Caledonian and Loyality most prominent Russian Austronesianists, anaphoric expressions in passives, ditransitives, Islands languages in such a way that linguists and the sing-construction (relative clauses) is then includes about twenty papers devoted to interested in typology, linguistic theory and languages belonging to the Austronesian family. examined, and analyses for various complications comparative Austronesian linguistics will perhaps in the binding properties exhibited in these The contributions to the volume cover both more easily find what they are looking for. synchronic and diachronic issues and explore

The LINCOM webshop: www.lincom-europa.com LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ♦ 89 AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES/PACIFIC AREA various levels: phonology, grammar, text Worora is a polysynthetic language with borrowings, and of the recently evolved 'contact structure, etc. While presenting both new data and overarching concord, reminiscent of that in Bantu language', which has significant simplifications new interpretations, the collection of papers may languages. from traditional speech. Schebeck deals in some be of interest for scholars of different disciplines: Love provides an insightful description of the detail with earlier classifications, by Warner and linguists and philologists, anthro-pologists, four numbers in pronouns, and the system of four Berndt. He also provides an analysis of many historians. noun classes, whose membership is based partly types of names, including clan names, dialect on phonological and partly on semantic names, war names and ceremonial names. The Contents: characteristics. He provides detailed paradigms of author has added a preface and notes, updating Yury A. Lander and Alexander K. Ogloblin: On intransitive and transitive verbs as these vary for the discussions. Ülo Sirk and His Work tense, mood, voice and polarity. The Introduction places Worora within its Ed. by RMW Dixon, Research Centre for Part 1. Diachrony linguistic context, detailing contact with Linguistic Typology, La Trobe University. Alexander Adelaar: On the Classifiability of neighbouring languages. There are then chapters Malayic on The Pronoun, The Noun, The Adjective, The ISBN 3 89586 409 9. LINCOM Studies in Sergey Kullanda: Old Javanese Kinship Postposition, The Conjunction, The Adverb, The Australian Languages 07. 100pp. USD 76.10 / Terminology: Some Historical-Typological Interjection, The Intransitive Verb, The Transitive EUR 61.90 / GBP 52.60. 2001. Implications Verb, The Verb 'do. say or tell', and Alexander K. Ogloblin: In Search of Middle Miscellaneous Notes. An Appendix has Javanese comparative vocabulary with other languages. Andrew Pawley: Where and When Was Proto There is also a specimen of Worora narrative with Oceanic Spoken? Linguistic and detailed analysis. Reflecting the spirit of the age Grammars: Archaeological Evidence in which he lived, Love concludes the Ilia Peiros: Malayic, Chamic and Aceh: Some Introduction with a summary of the manifold Lexicostatistical Remarks complexities of the language and then opines: 'So Pileni René van den Berg: Notes on the Historical the present investigator has come to the Phonology and Classification of Wolio conclusion that, crude and naked savages as they ÅSHILD NÆSS John U. Wolff: The Reconstruction of the Proto- are, the mental culture of the Worora is not so University of Oslo Austronesian Phoneme *g contemptible.'

Part 2. Synchrony Ed. by RMW Dixon, Research Centre for The Polynesian Outlier language Pileni is spoken T. David Andersen & Robin McKenzie: Word Linguistic Typology, La Trobe University. by approximately 2, 000 people on a group of Order of Prepositional Phrases in Aralle- small coral islands in Temotu Province, Solomon Tabulahan and Moronene ISBN 3 89586 605 9. LINCOM Studies in Islands. Situated in a fairly isolated area of the Mikhail A. Chlenov & Svetlana F. Chlenova: The Australian Languages 04. 100 pp. USD 76.10 Pacific, the islands have a long tradition of trade Damar Batumerah (West Damar Language) of / EUR 61.90 / GBP 52.60. 2000. connections with the nearby Reefs and Santa South-Eastern Cruz islands, whose little-described languages do Svetlana F. Chlenova: Preliminary Grammatical not appear to be Austronesian and so are totally Notes on Damar Batumerah or West Damar, a A Comparative Survey unrelated to Pileni. This prolonged language Language of Southwest Maluku contact has resulted in a number of features in Mark Donohue: Obligatory Incorporation and of Reduplication in Pileni which are highly unusual for a Polynesian ‘Have’ in Tukang Besi language. Barbara Friberg & Timothy Friberg: -ka, a Australian Languages The language has little morphological case- Marginalized Grammatical Morpheme in Konjo marking and relies mainly on a basic SVO word David Mead: Functions of the Mori Bawah ANNE H. FABRICIUS order for the differentiation of nominal Indefinite Particle ba: Towards a Comparative Copenhagen Business School arguments, although word order is flexible Study according to certain rules. Bernd Nothofer: E-mel sebagai bahan This study presents a cross-linguistic examination Pileni is clearly a nominative-accusative pengajaran of reduplicative constructions in a sample of 120 language, although certain morphosyntactic Maria Polinsky: The Existential Construction in Australian languages. It provides a descriptive processes reflect what may be traces of an earlier Malagasy and comparative analysis of these reduplications, ergative morphology. Lina I. Shkarban: Some Aspects of Relations using a cross-linguistic comparative methodology In the basics of its phonology and morphology between Deixis and Syntax in Philippine to clarify the role of reduplication in grammar. Pileni resembles other , Languages This is especially relevant to Australian although the phonology is considerably more Hein Steinhauer: Synchronic Metathesis and languages since reduplication is largely used to complex than is common in these languages, with Apocope in Three Austronesian Languages of express 'grammatical' rather than 'lexical' phonemic aspiration on stops and a number of the Timor Area meaning. Chapter one provides an introduction to phonetically conditioned consonant alternations. Part 3. Text studies the aims and methods of the thesis. The language exhibits characteristic Polynesian Ian Caldwell: Form Criticism and Its features of morphology such as the distinction Applicability to Bugis Historical Texts ISBN 3 89586 531 1. LINCOM Studies in between "o-type" and "a-type" possession and a Aone van Engelenhoven: Ktunu: Clues in the Australian Languages 03. 220pp. USD 83.30 / complex system of personal pronouns. Quest of the Sailfish: Linguistic Insights in EUR 67.70 / GBP 57.60. 1998. Since this is the first systematic description of Southwest Malukan Narratives (East-Indonesia) the Pileni language and based on a relatively

Sirtjo Koolhof: Sureq versus lontaraq: The Great limited material, it must be regarded as Divide? Dialect and Social preliminary and open to correction. It will, however, provide a useful basis for further studies ISBN 978 3 89586 883 2 (Hardbound). Groupings in Northeast of the Pileni language. LINCOM Studies in Austronesian Arnheim Land, Australia Linguistics 06. 340pp. USD 155.40 / EUR ISBN 3 89586 932 5. Languages of the 126.30 / GBP 107.40. 2008. BERNHARD SCHEBECK World/Materials 325. 70pp. USD 51.80 / EUR 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 2000. The Yolngu tribes have a distinctive system of LINCOM Studies in social organisation, which is mirrored by their languages. Each clan (mala) has its own dialect Makasae Australian Languages (matha), with the matha being grouped into eight closely-related languages. JULIETTE HUBER Within each language, there are two groups of University of Leiden The grammatical structure dialects, one associated with the Dhuwa moiety of the Worora language and the other with the Yirritja moiety; there are Makasae is a non-Austronesian / Papuan systematic relationships between the two sets of language spoken by a population of some 70,000 from north-western dialects (in terms of the length of words, etc.). in the newly independent state of East Timor. Australia Over thirty three years ago, Bernhard Schebeck Because of its long history of occupation and made the first definitive study of the Yolngu civil war, the nation’s languages are so far J.R.B. LOVE peoples and their languages, here published for sparsely documented. The present work is the the first time. It has provided the foundation for first Makasae grammar description to be This detailed grammar of Worora was written in all later studies of the Yolngu clans, their published in English. 1932 by Rev J.R.B. Love, a pioneer missionary in languages and their social system. There are Makasae is largely isolating in structure, and the rugged Kimberley country of north Western profiles of the phonological and morphological its grammar has in many respects assimilated to Australia and has never before been published. character of the languages, with discussion of that of its Austronesian neighbours. Its defining

90 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES/PACIFIC AREA

Papuan features are the vocabulary and the allophonic variations in the four obstruents and semantics of complex sentences are characteristic SOV word order. The present (written b, d, j/dh/dj, g/k in practical discussed. monograph gives a phonology sketch and a orthographies); word medially /d/ and /j/ collapse A text, which is the basis of these remarks, is description of some morphological processes, but together to an interdental fricative, an included. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce the verbal focuses on the syntax. Of special interest is the alveopalatal stop or a sibilant fricative according affixes, which are typical of the Philippine marking of grammatical roles, through which to dialect. languages. Chapter 6 deals with two additional some degree of syntactic flexibility from the The language is ergative; however pronouns affixes: a 'defective' affix -uhn and the affix pa-. otherwise rigid SOV word order is achieved. The and nouns for large animate creatures also have Chapter 7 draws some conclusions from the linguistic analysis is copiously illustrated with accusative inflection. There are or were four foregoing description. The orientation is examples and is complemented by a story genders, masculine and feminine applying to consistently functional, and the goal is always to transcript. humans, arboreal to trees, and neuter to identify the content of the grammar in an Juliette Huber graduated in general linguistics everything else. There are no bound pronouns, integrated way. Contents such as 'rheme', 'topic', from the university of Zurich, Switzerland, in and the language is aspect prominent, with a 'role', 'voice', etc. are prominent. Iinthis vein, 2005 – the present work is a revised form of her number of orders of verbal suffixes including one Yogad represents a language type which contrasts MA thesis. She is currently taking a PhD at the for antipassivity/reflexivity. Up to about 14 sharply with more familiar European languages. university of Leiden, Netherlands, where she is common verbs are irregular to a lesser or greater working on a descriptive grammar of Makalero, degree, but all other inflections of verbs and ISBN 3 89586 212 6. LINCOM Studies in the closest linguistic relative of Makasae. nouns followed predictable patterns. Austronesian Linguistics 01. 250pp. USD 112.3020 / EUR 91.30 / GBP 77.60. 1998. ISBN 978 2 89586 140 6. Languages of the ISBN 3 89586 784 5. Languages of the World/Materials 195. 60pp. USD 56.00 / EUR World/Materials 370. 194pp. USD 83.80 / 45.50 / GBP 38.70. 2008. EUR 67.70 / GBP 57.60. 2005. A Dictionary of Yogad Warembori Sundanese PHILIP W. DAVIS & ANGEL MESA FRANZ MÜLLER-GOTAMA Rice University MARK DONOHUE California State University, Fullerton University of Sydney In the Yogad - English portion of the dictionary, Sundanese (Austronesian, Western Malayo- each entry of an item will ideally contain several Warembori is a language spoken by 600-700 Polynesian) is the indigenous language of West pieces of information with respect to how that people living in river mouths on the north coast of Java, Indonesia. With approximately 25 million item interacts with certain contexts. First, the island of New Guinea, in the Indonesian speakers, it is the second largest regional following its gloss(es) and other information, we province of Irian Jaya. It has not been previously language in Indonesia after Javanese. The note how the lexical item behaves with the described in any grammatical detail, and this Priangan dialect of the area around the provincial determiners of the language, usually yu/nu or tu. sketch presents some of the complexities of capital of Bandung is considered standard and is Here, we discover whether the item will be more applicative and noun incorporation structures, as taught in elementary school in West Java as well 'noun'-like or more 'verb'-like. Generally, Yogad well as aspects of its interesting phonology. A as forming the medium, of a lively, if limited, lexical resources function with indifference to the structuralist approach is taken to the description, publishing business. The book presents a theory- syntactic positions in which we expect 'nouns' allowing the morphosyntax of the language itself neutral description of the essential structure of and 'verbs' to appear. For example, the language determine the categories used in the description, standard Sundanese, emphasizing its may be described as VSO, but any lexical item rather than impose a particular theoretical model typologically most interesting features. can fill the 'V' position and accept the 'verbal' on the data. After surveying the main grammatical Like its neighbor Javanese, Sundanese has affixes. Conversely, any lexical item which can constructions in Warembori, including notes on distinct speech levels, which require a speaker to appear in the 'V' position can also occur in the 'S' the speakers preferences for alternative select from a different set of vocabulary items or 'O' position with a determiner and appear to be constructions, the description is concluded with depending on the relative status of the a 'noun'. Rather than mark entries as 'n' or 'v', we notes on the genetic affiliations of Warembori interlocutors. Sundanese developed these speech let the sense of the root in the context of with respect to nearby Papuan and Austronesian levels relatively recently as a result of the determiners provide the relevant information. languages, a wordlist and a short text to illustrate Javanese hegemony over West Java during the For the complete text, please see the the language in spoken context. Mataram period, and the system is consequently LINCOM webshop www.lincom.eu. Mark Donohue works at the University of less elaborately developed than in Javanese. Sydney, Australia, and has previously published a Sundanese morphology is rather more complex ISBN 3 89586 585 0. Languages of the reference grammar of Tukang Besi, an that than of Indonesian. Austronesian language of Indonesia, and has World/Dictionaries 17. 420pp. USD 124.60 / The chapter on morphology will concentrate EUR 101.30 / GBP 86.10. 2000. worked extensively in eastern Indonesia and on the elaborate system of forming plurals from Papua New Guinea, publishing both descriptive nouns, verbs, and adjectives and on reduplication. and theoretical work on languages of the area and The chapter on syntax will deal with such issues Hiligaynon / Ilonggo their relation to modern linguistic research. as basic word order and phrase structure, diathesis, negation, the use of the topic and focus ISBN 3 89586 646 6. Languages of the markers, and coordination and subordination. WALTER L. SPITZ World/Materials 341. 64pp. USD 61.40 / Rice University EUR 49.90 / GBP 42.40. 1999. ISBN 3 89586 926 0. Languages of the Hiligaynon, also known as Ilonggo, is a North- World/Materials 369. 80pp. USD 54.30 / EUR 44.10 / GBP 37.50. 2001. Central Visayan language closely related to Grammar and Texts of the Cebuano. It is spoken by over two million people,

Yugambeh-Bundjalung mostly on Negros Occidental and Panay. The Grammar of Yogad Hiligaynon lacks a lexical noun/verb distinction; dialect chain in Eastern a given root can acquire either nominal and verbal A functional explanation characteristics from its interaction with particular Australia affixes. The propositional nucleus often presents

PHILIP W. DAVIS, JOHN W. BAKER, a VSO configuration, the S marking motile and MARGARET SHARPE WALTER L. SPITZ & MIHYUN BAEK the O, inert, participants. A rich assortment of University of New England Rice University voice/aspect affixes typifies the verbal components. Aspect is realis/irrealis, while voice

The Yugambeh-Bandjalang chain of dialects selects either of the two nuclear participants for Yogad, an Austronesian language spoken on the (most now either extinct or having only limited focus. The two nuclear roles acquire greater island of Luzon, has been only sparingly use) stretches from some 16 km south of Brisbane definition from voice. Voice selects a specific mentioned in the literature on Philippine to north of Yamba on the mouth of the Clarence phase (e.g. incept, middle, limit) of a given event languages. This is the first detailed description of River in New South Wales, and inland almost to for focus by the nominalizing determiners. The its grammar. Tenterfield (NSW) and past Warwick (Qld). It is determiners mark given items as being relatively Chapter 1 introduces the language, briefly a member of the Pama-Nyungan family of focussed (particularized) or unfocussed. The describing its phonology and the framework for Australian languages. Dialect names (which focussed particulars may be participants or entire the description to follow. Chapter 2 sets out the include Yugambeh, Bandjalang and Gidhabal) events (cf. headless relative clauses). Discourse organization of the simple sentence and the were mostly named for the way some words were continuity is reflected via word order, with semantics associated with its grammar. Chapter 3 pronounced, the named being assigned sometimes discontinuous elements occurring preverbally, is concerned with several issues centering about by the group in question and sometimes by their and continuous ones, in immediate post-verbal 'discourse'. First, the devices for managing topic neighbours. Reasonably uncommon among position, a distinction recognized morph- are described. Second, the content of the Yogad Australian languages there are fricative ologically by the pronouns. The grammatical determiners is delineated; and third, the grammar

The LINCOM webshop: www.lincom-europa.com LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ♦ 91 AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES/PACIFIC AREA emphasis on verbal event semantics (e.g. of voice unmarked in S and O function. However, the orientation marking, a sample text, and a map of over role) challenges the vaunted universality of ergative marking of nominals and accusative the language area. The analysis is based on a few such oppositions as subject/ object, marking of pronouns appears not to be obligatory, hours of recorded spontaneous speech. The transitive/intransitive, and active/passive and, in though this may be an artefact of data collected introductory chapter discusses the present state of the process, numerous current theories of with semi-fluent speakers. Verbs generally fall the language and some basic procedures in language. into one of two major conjugations and in main documenting a language. There is also an clauses are inflected for tense, aspect and mood. Indonesian summary, and the examples and the ISBN 3 89586 258 4. Languages of the In subordinate clauses verbs select from among a text are glossed in both Indonesian and English. World/Materials 209. 60pp. USD 51.80 / EUR set of inflections which indicate the relationship The Indonesian has been added to make the 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 2001. between main and subordinate clause. A system materials accessible to the members of the of switch-reference operates for relative clauses. Ratahan community, all of whom are literate in Indonesian. Ura ISBN 3 89586 152 9. Languages of the World/Materials 137. 60pp. USD 51.80 / EUR ISBN 3 89586 147 2. Languages of the TERRY CROWLEY 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1998. World/Materials 130. 100pp. USD 63.80 / The University of Waikato EUR 51.90 / GBP 44.10. 1999.

Ura is a moribund language, spoken fluently by Urak Lawoi’ only about half a dozen elderly people on the Kwamera island of Erromango in southern Vanuatu. One of DAVID HOGAN LAMONT LINDSTROM & JOHN LYNCH its closest relatives - Utaha - became extinct in Urak Lawoi’ is a language of the Austronesian University of Tulsa; Pacific Languages 1954, though the remaining language of family woth close linguistic links with Malai. It is Erromango - Sye - is still universally spoken by a similar to the village level of the , Unit, Vanuatu total of about 1400 people. Like the other without the refinements introduced in modern languages of the southern islands of Vanuatu, Ura Bahasa Malaysia. Most of its vocabulary has There are slightly more than one hundred is a member of a fairly distinct grouping of cognates in Malay, but it has been influenced by languages spoken by the 150,000 inhabitants of structurally somewhat aberrant languages within the predominant Thai language of South the Republic of Vanuatu in the southwest Pacific. the much larger Oceanic subgroup of Thailand. It is spoken by between 3000 and 4000 Kwamera is one of five languages spoken by Austronesian languages. people who are strand-dwellers living on the almost 3000 people on the island of Tanna in that This description is a salvage study of the islands from Phuket south to the Malaysian country. Like its close relatives, however, it is grammar of this otherwise sketchly known border. It has little in the way of inflectional somewhat aberrant phonologically, language. The area of greatest complexity is the morpholgy with most morphosyntactic categories morphologically and lexically in comparison verb morphology, where extensive patterns of expressed at the level of the phrase. Its pronoun withmost of the 400 or so other members of the root mutation result in verb roots appearing in system distinguishes singular and plural number Oceanic subgroup of Austronesian. quite different guises in a range of and distinguishes between exclusive and This monograph describes the structure of morphosyntactic environments. The language inclusive first person. Kwamera, paying particular attention to also has a set of inflectional categories of verbs This sketch of Urak Lawoi’ grammar vovers phonology and morphophonemics, to the complex that is unusually large, as well as morphological all levels of the language up to the discourse verb morphology, to the range of possessive marking that is morphotactically unusually structure, and includes some sample texts constructions, and to inter-clausal phenomena of complex for an Oceanic language. However, showing the application of the syntactic structure. various kinds. while this description focuses to a considerable It includes a detailed analysis of the verb phrase extent on moprhology, the major syntactic and insights into the international patterns. ISBN 3 929075 05 9. Languages of the patterns are also presented. David Hogan was a retired missionary linguist World/Materials 02. 48pp. USD 51.80 / EUR

who has worked in this language for over thirty 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1994. ISBN 3 89586 510 9. Languages of the World/ years. He gained his M.A. degree from William Materials 240. 60pp. USD 51.80 / EUR 43.10 Carey International University, Pasadena, through / GBP 36.60. 1998. the Pacific College of Graduate Studies, Koiari Melbourne. Yingkarta TOM DUTTON ISBN 3 929075 94 6. Languages of the World/ ustralian National University Materials 268. 60pp. USD 51.80 / EUR 42.10 / A

LAN ENCH GBP 35.80. 1999. A D Koiari is a Papuan (or non-Austronesian) University of Western Australia language spoken by about 1600 people living in the foothills of the Owen Stanley Range just Yingkarta is an almost extinct language once Ratahan inland of Port Moresby, the capital of Papua New spoken near the present town of Carnarvon on the Guinea. It is a member of the Koiarian family, north west coast of Western Australia. The NIKOLAUS P. HIMMELMANN one of about sixty families of language has not previously been described, and found in Papua New Guinea and the surrounding this description is based on recordings made in & JOHN U. WOLFF University of Bochum, Cornell University area. In most respects Koiari is a typical Papuan the 1960's and early 1980's with the few language. remaining speakers, most of whom have since It is typologically SOV with core relations died. Unfortunately, no text materials have been Ratahan is an endangered Austronesian language indicated by affixation on the verb and peripheral collected for the language. All indications are that spoken in the district of Ratahan, province of ones by postpositions. The verb is the centre of Yingkarta is relatively conservative with respect North Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is estimated that the clause and is morphologically complex. There to languages to its immediate north, and for this now only 500 good speakers of Ratahan are left, are no articles and no formal noun classes except reason its description is of some importance to mostly over 60 years of age, and a few thousand that body part, kinship and certain other nouns are historical/comparative studies of Australian semi-speakers. Ratahan is located in the midst of inherently possessed. The language has only six languages. the Minahasa region but belongs to the Sangiric pronouns and no inclusive-exclusive distinction is Yingkarta is typical of Australian Pama- subgroup, spoken at some distance to the north of made. The Koiari counting system is based on Nyungan languages with a suffixing, Ratahan, of which to date only one language two. In other respects, however, Koiari is unusual agglutinative structure and relatively free word (Sangirese) has been documented in some detail. amongst Papuan languages. It is phonologically order. There are six points of articulation with Typologically, Ratahan resembles the relatively simple -- all syllables are open and both a laminal and an apical contrast. The languages of the Philippines, and the verbal there are no unusual vowels or consonants and no language makes no formal distinction between morphology shows many of the same categories complex consonant clusters. Its verb system is nouns, adjectives and adverbs of manner, which as, for example, the Tagalog verbs. Much of the also unusual in making dual reference to subjects are grouped together as the one part of speech, Ratahan affixational morphology is clearly and objects, one set of suffixes reflecting the 'nominal'. Pronouns have singular, dual and plural cognate with affixes in . number of subjects and objects ergatively, the forms though, unusually for languages of the With regard to noun phrase marking, pronominal other agreeing with subjects nominatively. area, Yingkarta does not mark number on clitics, and word order, however, there are strong Moreover, all non-verbal words in Koiari, nominals. There is an incomplete set of optional differences from the Philippine languages. except for a small subset of function words, are bound pronominal elements, or agreement Furthermore, a system of markers for spatial inherently marked for category by morphemes markers, which appear enclitic to the last word of deixis exists which is far more elaborate than that which appear in the surface realisation of the first clause constituent. Yingkarta has a commonly found in Austronesian languages. sentences under certain conditions. Possessive system of split-ergative case marking: most The volume contains an outline of the case marking is also unusual in Koiari in the pronouns have separate ergative, nominative and phonology and the basic morphosyntax, a manner in which it is marked, notably by accusative forms while other nominals generally somewhat more elaborate discussion of the verbal suffixation, and the range of suffixes and take ergative case-suffixes in A function and are morphology and of the system of spatial constructions used to indicate different possessive

92 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES/PACIFIC AREA relations. Because of its geographical location cross-referencing the subject and indicating tense, Koiari has been in contact with AN languages Madurese and various aspectual suffixes and pronominal spoken in the surrounding area for a long time. enclitics cross-reference the object and indirect This contact increased following pax Britannica. WILLIAM DAVIES object. Compound verbs consist of an invariant At the same time other languages were introduced University of Iowa preverb followed by an inflecting simple verb. the language is in danger of becoming Noun classes are not distinguished in Warrwa (or obsolescent as younger Koiari use the local lingua With more than 10 million speakers principally in any other Nyulnyulan language), and franca, Hiri (formerly Police) Motu, in domains on the islands of Madura and Java, Madurese is case-relations are marked by postpositions. In the formerly the sole preserve of Koiari. the fourth most widely spoken language of ideolect of one of the remaining speakers a few Indonesia. Like the closely related Indonesian, body part nominals take pronominal prefixes ISBN 3 929075 10 5. Languages of the Malay, and other Western Austronesian cross-referencing the possessor of the body part; World/Materials 10. 77pp. USD 54.30 / EUR languages, Madurese includes as one of its most for the other speaker this system has been lost 44.10 / GBP 37.50. 1996. salient characteristics a verb-marking system that entirely. As in other Nyulnyulan languages, free indicates the most prominent argument or “focus“ pronouns distinguish four persons, 1, 1+2, 2, and of a clause. This grammatical sketch will detail 3 and two numbers, minimal and augmented. Gunin (Kwini) this system (making possible comparison with closely related languages) and will examine the ISBN 3 929075 51 2. Languages of the WILLIAM MCGREGOR principle morphological processes of affixation World/Materials 89. 64pp. USD 51.80 / EUR (and the principal affixes used) and reduplication 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1994. Gunin is spoken by a small number of people (and the variety of meanings it encodes). The presently residing at Kalumburu on the far grammatical properties of anaphora, question northern coast of the Kimberley region of formation, nominalization, word order, Biri Western Australia. It is a non-Pama-Nyungan modification, verb serialization, and others will language, belonging to the Worrorran or Northern be detailed and illustrated with data from ANGELA TERRILL Kimberley family. Phonologically it is elicitation and connected discourse. Australian National University unremarkable for an Australian language, except ISBN 3 89586 278 9. Languages of the that (like its close relative Wunambal) it This work presents a salvage grammar of the Biri World/Materials 184. 60pp. USD 51.80 / EUR distinguishes six vowels: a, e, i, o, u and i. language of Eastern Central Queensland, a Pama- 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1999. Among its interesting grammatical characteristics Nyungan language belonging to the large Maric are the following. The verbal construction is of subgroup. As the language is no longer used, the the preverb-inflecting verb type: an invariant grammatical description is based on old written verbal particle is followed by an inflecting verb Nyulnyul sources and on recordings made by linguists in which carries pronominal prefixes the 1960s and 1970s. Biri is in many ways typical cross-referencing the subject and object (in WILLIAM MCGREGOR of the Pama-Nyungan languages of Southern transitive clauses); these operate on a University of Melbourne Queensland. It has split case marking systems, nominative-accusative system. Tense and other marking nouns according to an verbal categories are also marked on the Nyulnyul, the traditional language of Beagle Bay ergative/absolutive system and pronouns inflecting verb. Five noun classes are (towards the northern tip of the Dampier Land according to a nominative/accusative system. distinguished, marked by agreement prefixes on peninsular, West Kimberley, Western Australia) Unusually for its area, Biri also has bound adjectives and by cross-referencing pronominals and environs, is a moribund state, with a single pronouns on its verb, cross-referencing the in the verb. Some inalienably possessed nominals full speaker, and ten or so part speakers. It is a person, number and case of core participants. As are prefixed by a pronominal cross-referencing non-Pama-Nyungan language, one of far as it is possible, the grammatical discussion is the possessor, and most kinterms take pronominal approximately a dozen members of the ‘theory neutral’. suffixes indicating the possessor. Nyulnyulan family. Phonologically it is The first four chapters deal with the Gunin grammar has not previously been reasonably typical of an Australian language, phonology, morphology, and syntax of the described, and indeed very little information has distinguishing seventeen consonants and three language. The last two chapters contain a been recorded about the language. The vowels, each with contrastive length. Like all substantial discussion of Biri’s place in the Pama- description is based primarily on three hours other non-Pama-Nyungan languages of the Nyungan family. In chapter 6 the numerous elicitation, and half a dozen narrative texts which region, Nyulnyul has two types of verbal dialects of the Biri language are discussed. In the author was able to record during a speaker's construction: simple and compound. Simple verbs chapter 7 the close linguistic relationship between visit to Derby in 1988. consist of an inflecting verb root which carries Biri and the surrounding languages is examined. pronominal prefixes cross-referencing the subject ISBN 3 929075 09 1. Languages of the and indicating tense; aspectual suffixes and ISBN 3 89586 532 X. Languages of the World/Materials 11. 64pp. USD 51.80 / EUR pronominal enclitics cross-reference the object World/ Materials 258. 100 pp. USD 61.40 / 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1993. and indirect object. Compound verbs consist of EUR 49.90 / GBP 42.40. 1998. an invariant preverb followed by an inflecting simple verb. Around fifty nominals, mainly terms Tokelauan for parts of the body, take prefixes indicating the A Short Grammar of inalienable possessor of the part. ROBIN HOOPER The sketch is based primarily on material Tetun Dili University of Auckland gathered by the author over the past eight years from Mary Carmel Charles, the last remaining CATHARINA VAN KLINKEN, JOHN Tokelau comprises three atolls, Atafu, Nukunono speaker. HAJEK & RACHEL NORDLINGER and Fakaofo, situated 750 miles northwest of University of Melbourne ISBN 3 89586 000 X. Languages of the Samoa. Tokelauan belongs to the Polynesian sub- World/Materials 88. 68pp. USD 51.80 / EUR group of Austronesian. It is spoken by about Tetun has been selected as the national language 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1996. approximately 5000 people, of whom about 1600 for the emerging nation of East Timor. It has two live in the atolls, about 3000 in New Zealand, and main varieties, known within East Timor as Tetun several hundred elsewhere in the Pacific region. Dili and Tetun Terik. While the latter is a The phonology and morphology are typical of Warrwa relatively conservative Austronesian language, Polynesian languages. The main morphological Tetun Dili shows strong Portuguese influence processes are reduplication, compounding and WILLIAM MCGREGOR after centuries of contact. derivation. Number, tense and aspect are University of Melbourne On the one hand, Tetun Dili has in many indicated by particles, and there is little in the respects been simplified relative to Tetun Terik, way of inflectional morphology. The pronoun Warrwa, traditionally spoken in the Derby region for instance in having less productive derivational system is complex, and an inclusive-exclusive of West Kimberley, Western Australia, is an morphology, no subject marking on verbs, and a distinction is made in dual and plural pronouns. endangered language, with just two full speakers. loss of Tetun consonant clusters such as /kt/. On Two types if possession marking encode a It is a non-Pama-Nyungan language, one of the other hand the large influx of vocabulary from semantic distinction betweeen (loosely) approximately a dozen members of the Portuguese has resulted in new phonological inalienable and alienable possession. Nyulnyulan family; it belongs to the western patterns and new models of word formation, For the complete text, please see the branch. Phonologically it is typical of an while Portuguese influence has also resulted in LINCOM webshop www.lincom.eu. Australian language, distinguishing seventeen new possibilities for a number of grammatical consonants and three vowels, each with constructions, including complementation. ISBN 3 929075 41 5. Languages of the contrastive length. Two types of verbal There is large variation within Tetun Dili, in World/Materials 58. 48pp. USD 51.80 / EUR construction are distinguished, simple and pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. The 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1996. compound. Simple verbs consist of an inflecting present sketch notes such variation, commenting verb root which carries pronominal prefixes where possible on the conditions under which

The LINCOM webshop: www.lincom-europa.com LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ♦ 93 AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES/PACIFIC AREA each option is preferred, and illustrating this five vowels and twenty consonants, including a phrases and relative clause constructions. variability in brief texts. The sketch overviews palatal lateral, glide and nasal. Syllable structure Relatives are discussed further in chapter 5, with Tetun phonology and morphology before is generally (C)V. Verbal morphology is reference to resumption and the clitic status of presenting the major grammatical constructions relatively rich, including a system of agent and subject pronouns. used. Emphasis is on the language as it is spoken patient pronominal prefixes and optional The account is subsequently extended to two in East Timor's capital Dili; nevertheless where aspectual suffixes. Nouns occur as adjuncts to apparently verbal domains featuring 'complete constructions used in speech are avoided in pronominal arguments and are obligatorily phase' marking: the ingressive tense construction writing, this is noted. marked by a proclitic. Word order is SOV, though (chapter 6), and the cleft and existential not rigidly so. Complex verb constructions are constructions (chapter 7). The analysis yields ISBN 3 89586 429 3. Languages of the paratactic, consisting of a series of verbs each insight into the workings of massive pied-piping World/Materials 388. 60pp. USD 51.80 / EUR cross-referencing one or more arguments and movement within DP, supports an analysis of 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 2002. fully inflected for aspect. There is no possessive noun phrases based on a dative PP and morphological marker of subordination and no featuring predicate inversion, vindicates an indication of finiteness. analysis of relative clauses as predicative CPs Santali with null operator movement, provides new ISBN 3 89586 706 3. Languages of the insight into the analysis of progressive LUKAS NEUKOM World/Materials 328. 60pp. USD 60.30 / EUR constructions, and underpins an inverse 44.70 / GBP 42.40. 2003. Universität Zürich predication approach to there-sentences and it- cleft constructions. Santali belongs to the North-Munda branch of the Austro-Asiatic . It is the largest A Grammar of Lamaholot, ISBN 3 89586 455 2. LINCOM Studies in Munda language, spoken by 5.8 million people, Eastern Indonesia Austronesian Linguistics 05. 84pp. USD 70.00 who live scattered over the Indian states of Bihar, The Morphology and Syntax of the / EUR 56.90 / GBP 48.40. 2003. West-Bengal and Orissa. Most of them are bilingual in Santali and in the local dominant Lewoingu Dialect Indo-Aryan language. Rotuman The Santali phonemic system includes a series KUNIO NISHIYAMA & HERMAN KELEN MARIT VAMARASI of retroflex consonants, voiced and voiceless Ibaraki University; University of Hawaii aspirated stops and glottalized stops in word-final Northeastern Illinois University position, alternating with the voiced series. Some This book describes a grammar (mainly harmony rules underly the vocalism. morphology and syntax) of the Lewoingu dialect The is spoken by residents of Nouns can be marked for number (singular, of Lamaholot, an Austronesian language (Central- the island of Rotuma, which lies 465 kilometers dual, plural), class (±animate), case (seven in Malayo-Polynesian subgroup) spoken by 150,000 northwest of Viti Levu, Fiji, by Rotumans who number), possessor and focus or topic. The ~ 200,000 people on the eastern tip of Flores and live on Fiji's main islands, as well as by demonstrative system has four dimensions: the surrounding area in eastern Indonesia. Rotumans who reside overseas. There are distance (near / far / far away), ±emphatic, Lamaholot has 35 dialects, and although there are approximately 9,000 speakers in all. ±animate, and number. some descriptions and dictionaries for other Rotuman is not closely related to any other Santali has a very elaborate verb morphology. dialects, the Lewoingu dialect has never been language. It is classified as a member of the Besides various types of argument marking described before. The description in this book is Central-Eastern Oceanic subgroup, along with (subject, object, concerned object) the verb is basically theory-neutral, and analyses are kept to Fijian and the Polynesian languages, within the inflected for seven TAM categories the markers a minimum. This work will be of interest to Austronesian language family. Rotuman has some of which have two shapes, one for active and one descriptive linguists and Austronesian specialists, unique features. The most notable is the fact that for middle voice. In addition, several derivational in particular because languages of eastern all lexical words have two forms, called processes apply to the stem, such as the marking Indonesia in general are poorly documented and "complete" and "incomplete" or "long" and of reciprocal or intensive. Verbs in series are very relations of several dialects of Lamaholot are "short", which are used in certain syntactico- common. poorly understood. Typologists and theoretical semantic contexts. The incomplete is derived Santali is known to have a weak distinction linguists would be interested in unique agreement from the complete by one of four processes: between nouns and verbs, many stems are used in Lamaholot, where agreement emerges not only metathesis, umlauting, vowel deletion, and both in argument and predicate function. The on verbs and adjectives, but also on adverbs, diphthongization. analysis is mainly based on data collected by numerals, a preposition, and even on the These processes all serve to shorten a word by Bodding, especially on his text collection conjunction (‘and’). Theoreticians will also be one mora, and, in most cases, cause the word to (published in 1925) and on his huge dictionary interested in the chapter on resumptive pronouns, end in a consonant, a feature which is unusual for (1929-36). which is a rare description of the phenomena in an Oceanic language. These processes also Critical portions of the grammar have been Austronesian languages and shows that produce several vowels in addition to the usual discussed with a native speaker. Lamaholot basically shares general properties of five of other Oceanic languages. resumptive pronouns found in Irish and Semitic Most of the significant work on the Rotuman ISBN 3 89586 610 5. Languages of the languages. Also of interest are possessive language was done by Maxwell Churchward in World/Materials 323. 250pp. USD 116.00 / constructions, where the possessor can be either the 1930's. This is the first comprehensive study EUR 94.30 / GBP 80.20. 2001. pronominal or postnominal, and each other has of the language to be done in 60 years.

peculiar constraints.

ISBN 3 89586 303 3. Languages of the ISBN 978 3 89586 714 9. Languages of the Tobelo World/Materials 415. 60pp. USD 53.00 / World/Materials 467. 188pp. USD 83.30 / EUR 43.10 / GBP 36.60. 2002. ARY OLTON EUR 67.70 / GBP 57.60. 2007. G H Alaska Native Language Center The Ergative in Proto- Tobelo is a Papuan language spoken by The Structure of the approximately 15,000 persons on the islands of Noun Phrase in Australian Halmahera and Morotai in the eastern Indonesian province of Maluku. Tobelo is one of six closely Rotuman KRISTINA SANDS related languages (the others being Galela, Australian National University Loloda, Modole, Pagu, and Tobaru) which MARCEL DEN DIKKEN together with Ternate/Tidore, Sahu, and Makian City University of New York Since Dixon’s 1980 reconstruction of the ergative Luar comprise the North Halmaheran family. The case suffix in Australian languages very little large remaining fifty or so languages spoken in Maluku scale comparison of the ergative has been carried The structure of the noun phrase in Rotuman (a are Austronesian in origin. While Tobelo is still out. However, as the result of a research project on Polynesian SVO isolate) is an excellent window learned as a first language in outlying areas, Comparative Australian Studies (headed by on the syntax of the language as a whole, and on urban regions are experiencing a shift to standard R.M.W. Dixon and affiliated with the Australian important theoretical issues. An analysis of the Indonesian and/or a local Malay variety. The National University) the author has carried out Rotuman complex noun phrase is presented in description presented here builds on the work of detailed comparative work on the ergative case terms of massive leftward pied-piping movement, early twentieth century missionary Anton Hueting suffix and proposes some alterations to the offering an account of the peculiar definiteness and is based on extensive field work by the currently accepted reconstruction. In the first part of marking system of the language and identifying author, a linguist whose previous publications this study the author examines the ergative in the the trigger of 'complete phase' marking as a include an annotated bibliography of Maluku Pama-Nyungan languages (those looked at by [+definite] D/6head. Chapters 2/4 develop this languages and several studies of Tobelo grammar Dixon in 1980) and proposes that the basic account, alongside a in-depth analyses of the and discourse. underlying allomorph of the ergative is -Dhu rather number and classifier systems, possessed noun The phonemic inventory of Tobelo consists of than -lu, while the previously accepted form -lu is a

94 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES/PACIFIC AREA morphologically conditioned allomorph following verbal morphology and tonology of Malgache, a This re-edition has been published as no. 30 in nominals which are not common nouns. In the Malayo-polynesien language of Madagascar. This the LINCOM Gramatica (LINGram) series second part of the paper KRISTINA SANDS looks at re-edition has been published as no. 02 in the (originally published 1918, London, written in the non-Pama-Nyungan languages, which have LINCOM Gramatica (LINGram) series English, translated from German by Arnold B. previously been held to not contain ergative (originally published 1903, Paris: Ernest Leroux, Stock). suffixes cognate with the Pama-Nyungan forms, written in French). and finds reflexes of the same form -Dhu. It is thus ISBN 978 3 86290 029 9. LINCOM shown that cognate forms of the ergative are found ISBN 978 3 89586 027 0. LINCOM Gramatica 30. 160pp. USD 59.00 / EUR 48.80 in both Pama-Nyungan and non-Pama-Nyungan (*- Gramatica 02. 314pp. USD 82.90 / EUR 67.40 / GBP 40.50 2010/IV. Dhu), thus helping to establish what type of / GBP 57.30. 2010/IV. language proto-Australian was, and also providing important evidence that the Pama-Nyungan and A Malay Manual non-Pama-Nyungan languages are related. Notes de Phonétique with Grammar, Reading

ISBN 3 89586 053 0. LINCOM Studies in Malgache Exercises, and Vocabularies Australian Languages 01. 90pp. USD 70.00 / EUR 56.90 / GBP 48.40. 1996. M. GABRIEL FERRAND J.H. FREESE (ed.)

Les équivalences malgaches du t malais - malais The birthplace of the Malay language is the Island re-editions xyxă > malgache xyxă < xyxĭ – les équivalences of Sumatra. Thence it spread, in the thirteenth malgaches du ĕ malais et javanais - les Century, to the peninsula of Malacca, and Praktische Grammatik der équivalences malgaches du ĕ médial javanais etc. subsequently, as the result of Malay Immigration, over the greater part of the Eastern Archipelago. javanischen Sprache mit (Re-edition; originally published 1911 in Paris; At the present day it is not only spoken and Lesestücken, einem written in French). understood on the Malay peninsula, the Great and Little Sunda Islands as far as the Philippines, but javanisch-deutschen und ISBN 978 3 86290 012 1. LINCOM it is the general means of communication on the deutsch-javanischen Orientalia 08. 46pp. USD 38.70 / EUR 32.00 / coasts of the whole of the Indo-Chinese GBP 26.50. 2010/IV. archipelago up to the Chinese ports, and its Wörterbuch influence extends as far as New Guinea and even beyond. Everywhere it has established itself over Quelques mots de la langue an extensive coast-line and driven back the H. BOHATTA original dialects into the interior. At the present de puynipet (Ile de day it is the language of four millions of people. Das Javanische beherrscht mit seinen Dialekten, l´Ascension) dans l´archipel From this point of view, when the commercial dem Balinesischen, Maduresischen, und Sunda importance of the districts where it is spoken is fast den ganzen indischen Archipel. Das des carolines considered, it is particularly valuable as a means Javanische zerfällt in drei Unterarten: Krama, die of communication for trading purposes, to which Höflichkeitssprache, Ngoko, die Vulgärsprache, P.A.C. PRETRE MARISTE it is specially adapted by its simplicity and the Madya, in dem man sich mit Seinesgleichen ease with which it can be acquired. unterhält. Infolge der geringen Entfernung fand A short collection of Puynipet words, with French Under Indian influence Malay adopted a large schon früh eine Berührung zwischen Indern und and Italian translations (Re-edition; originally number of Sanskrit words, and later, owing to the Javanen statt, die für die sprachliche Entwicklung published 1881; written in French). advance of the Mohaminedan religion and nicht ohne Wirkung blieb. So hat das javanische civilization, borrowed largely from Arabic, and, zahlreiche Sanskritwörter meist unverändert later still, from Western languages. aufgenommen. Bereits im 13. Jahrhundert hatte ISBN 978 3 86290 124 1. 52pp. USD 44.20 / EUR 36.60 / GBP 30.30. 2010/IV. Considering the extensive area over which it sich die Macht der Araber bis Java und die spread, it is not surprising that a large number of umliegenden Inseln verbreitet, daher die vielen dialects is in existence. Their peculiarities, Entlehnungen aus dieser Sprache. however, are comparatively small. The grammar Inhalt: Lautlehre (Consonanten, Sandangnan, Grammar and is not affected at all, the vocabulary only to a Vokale, Zahlzeichen, Pada, Assimilation, etc.), comparatively small extent, especially as regards Formenlehre (mit Übungen und Tabellen), Vocabulary of the the personal pronouns. Thus, the pronoun of the Lesestücke, Wörterbuch (Re-edition; originally second person is in Batavia kweh, in Borneo küa, published 1892 in Wien; written in German) in Malacca awah, in Perak mika. But all these

dialects follow the same grammatical rules, and, EFFGEN in the matter of vocabulary, exhibit a common ISBN 978 3 86290 103 6. LINCOM H. N nucleus, the knowledge of which renders the Gramatica 83. 200pp. USD 66.30 / EUR 54.80 acquisition of dialectic peculiarities a tolerably / GBP 45.40. 2010/IV. The Samoan is a branch of the Malay-Polynesian language, which is spread over the whole island easy task. world of the Pacific Ocean from Madagascar to Malay contains twenty-three sounds, South America, and is to be found (with its represented in writing by letters of the Arabic Essai de Grammaire various dialects) in the Melanesian, Malayan, and alphabet. It is probable that the Javanese was the Malgache Polynesian groups of islands. It is one of the alphabet formerly in use, and that it was displaced with the advance of Arabic oivilization. numerous Polynesian tongues which are in use over the eastern and south-eastern area of Malay- Contents: Part I: Alphabet and pronunciation M. GABRIEL FERRAND Polynesia, extending, roughly, from New Zealand (vowels, consonants, accent, the Arabic alphabet,

to the Hawaiian Islands. euphonic changes in derivatives). Part II: Le malgache est une langue agglutinative du The Samoan alphabet is comprised of only Grammar (article, noun, list of nouns, adjective, groupe Malayo-polynésien. L'alphabet le plus en fourteen letters—five vowels, a, e, i, o, u, and some common adjectives, pronouns, verbs, usage à Madagascar est l'alphabet latin qui fut nine consonants, f, g, l, m, n, p, s, t, v; d and b are derivative verbs, active voice, passive voice, to introduit en 1820 par les missionnaires de la never used; h, k, and r only occurring in words of be and to have, must, let, ought, can, would, Société de Londres. Cet essai de grammaire a été foreign origin, as auro, gold; areto, bread; ki, key. should, some common verbs, interrogative and spécialment écrit pour nos étudiants. La All words have a vowel termination, and their negative sentences, numerals, numeral co- classification des racines et des verbes, la etymological forms are constructed by the efficients, manner of expressing time, pre- formation des dérivés et leurs variations toniques employment of particles attached to the roots, positions, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections). ont été étudiées en détail à leur intonation (de la thereby forming agglutinative or polysynthetic Part III: Exercises (Malay-English and English- préface de l'édition 1903). words, the particles bcing sometimes strung one Malay), easy reading exercises, conversations in Table des matières: De l'alphabet, de after the other throughout an entire sentence. For the vulgar dialect. Part IV: the written language, l'orthographie, des mots, des racines, des verbes example: fa'a, to cause, and 'uma, quite, all; Malay-English vocabulary to the exercises, et préfixes verbaux, du relatif, des auxiliaires et fa'a'uma, to finish, terminate; fia, to be willing; English-Malay vocabulary. particules, de l'article, du substantif, du cas, du inu, to drink; fiainu, to be thirsty; and so on (originally published 1912 in London, written pronom, de l'adjectif, des noms de nombre, des (adopted from the introduction). in English, adapted from A. Seidel´s Praktische particules, de l'adverbe, de la préposition, de la Contents: Pronunciation, word system (noun, Grammatik der malayischen Sprache). conjunction, de l'interjection, appendice. adjective, pronouns, the verb, numerals, etc.), In his grammar Gabriel Ferrand a member of selections for reading, remarks on some of the ISBN 978 3 86290 028 2. LINCOM the Société Asiatique and the Société de points of similarity between the Samoan and the Gramatica 49. 124pp. USD 59 / EUR 48.80 / Linguistique - mainly focuses on nominal and Tahitian and Maori languages, vocabulary. GBP 40.50. 2010/IV.

The LINCOM webshop: www.lincom-europa.com LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ♦ 95