Exposure Data 1.1 Chemical and Physical Data and Analysis
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Chemical Forms of Mercury in Human Hair Reveal Sources of Exposure
Chemical Forms of Mercury in Human Hair Reveal Sources of Exposure Alain Manceau, Mironel Enescu, Alexandre Simionovici, Martine Lanson, Maria Gonzalez-Rey, Mauro Rovezzi, Rémi Tucoulou, Pieter Glatzel, Kathryn Nagy, Jean-Paul Bourdineaud To cite this version: Alain Manceau, Mironel Enescu, Alexandre Simionovici, Martine Lanson, Maria Gonzalez-Rey, et al.. Chemical Forms of Mercury in Human Hair Reveal Sources of Exposure. Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society, 2016, 50 (19), pp.10721-10729. 10.1021/acs.est.6b03468. hal-03176383 HAL Id: hal-03176383 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03176383 Submitted on 22 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Chemical Forms of Mercury in Human Hair Reveal Sources of Exposure Alain Manceau,*,† Mironel Enescu,‡ Alexandre Simionovici,† Martine Lanson,† Maria Gonzalez-Rey,§ Mauro Rovezzi,∥ Rémi Tucoulou,∥ Pieter Glatzel,∥ Kathryn L. Nagy,*,⊥ Jean-Paul Bourdineaud*,# †ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble, France. ‡Laboratoire Chrono Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, 25030 Besançon, France. §Laboratoire EPOC, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33120 Arcachon, France. ∥European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France. ⊥Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, MC-186, 845 West Taylor Street, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States. -
Experiments with the Ammonium Amalgam
Experiments with the Ammonium Amalgam. [from THE AM. JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, VOL. XL, SEPT., 1865.] EXPERIMENTS WITH THE AMMONIUM AMALGAM, BY CHARLES M. WETHERILL, Ph.D., M.D. The existence of the hypothetical radical NH 4 depends less upon the characteristics of its so-called amalgam than! upon the parallelism of its salts with those of the alkalies. If, from these analogies, we accept the metallic nature of ammonium, it will be difficult to avoid assigning a similar character to the rad- icals of all of the organic bases; and especially to those which, like the compound /ammonias, have an alkaline reaction and possess physical and chemical properties so like ammonia. If such be the inference, we must admit numerous compound metals exists only in certain of , which states of combination their elements. The assumption of the elementary nature of a metal is destroyed and the ideas of the alchemists are re- ; a may vived for if NH 4 be metal and NH 3 be not one, why not other metals, esteemed elements, be also compounds. In examining the so-called ammonium amalgam one is inter- ested at the great resemblance which it bears to the amalgams proper in its physical properties. The mercury has lost its flu- idity or mobility, and, at the same time, its relations of cohesion and adhesion are very sensibly altered. It no longer coheres powerfully; but adheres to, or Wets, platinum, iron and other metals, like the potassium or sodium amalgam. When left to C. M. Wetherill—Experiments with Ammonium Amalgam. 3 itself, the swollen mass shrinks, and gradually resolves itself into NH 3(NH 0) H and Hg, because (as it is usually explained) NH 4 has 4 a great tendency to fall apart into NH 3 and H. -
Selling Mercury Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals (W-Hw4-22)
www.pca.state.mn.us Selling mercury cosmetics and pharmaceuticals Mercury-containing skin lightening creams, lotions, soaps, ointments, lozenges, pharmaceuticals and antiseptics Mercury is a toxic element that was historically used in some cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and antiseptic products due to its unique properties and is now being phased out of most uses. The offer, sale, or distribution of mercury-containing products is regulated in Minnesota by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). Anyone offering a mercury-containing product for sale or donation in Minnesota is subject to these requirements, whether a private citizen, collector, non-profit organization, or business. Offers and sales through any method are regulated, whether in a store or shop, classified advertisement, flea market, or online. If a mercury-containing product is located in Minnesota, it is regulated, regardless of where a purchaser is located. Note: This fact sheet discusses the requirements and restrictions of the MPCA. Cosmetics and pharmaceuticals may also be regulated for sale whether they contain mercury or not by other state or federal agencies, including the Minnesota Board of Pharmacy and the U.S. Food & Drug Administration. See More information on page 2. What are the risks of using mercury-containing products? Use of mercury-containing products can damage the brain, kidneys, and liver. Children and pregnant women are at increased risk. For more information about the risks of mercury exposure, visit the Minnesota Department of Health. See More information on the page 2. If you believe you have been exposed to a mercury-containing product, contact your health care provider or the Minnesota Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222. -
A Screening-Based Approach to Circumvent Tumor Microenvironment
JBXXXX10.1177/1087057113501081Journal of Biomolecular ScreeningSingh et al. 501081research-article2013 Original Research Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2014, Vol 19(1) 158 –167 A Screening-Based Approach to © 2013 Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening DOI: 10.1177/1087057113501081 Circumvent Tumor Microenvironment- jbx.sagepub.com Driven Intrinsic Resistance to BCR-ABL+ Inhibitors in Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Harpreet Singh1,2, Anang A. Shelat3, Amandeep Singh4, Nidal Boulos1, Richard T. Williams1,2*, and R. Kiplin Guy2,3 Abstract Signaling by the BCR-ABL fusion kinase drives Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Despite their clinical activity in many patients with CML, the BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors (BCR-ABL-KIs) imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib provide only transient leukemia reduction in patients with Ph+ ALL. While host-derived growth factors in the leukemia microenvironment have been invoked to explain this drug resistance, their relative contribution remains uncertain. Using genetically defined murine Ph+ ALL cells, we identified interleukin 7 (IL-7) as the dominant host factor that attenuates response to BCR-ABL-KIs. To identify potential combination drugs that could overcome this IL-7–dependent BCR-ABL-KI–resistant phenotype, we screened a small-molecule library including Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs. Among the validated hits, the well-tolerated antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin (DHA) displayed potent activity in vitro and modest in vivo monotherapy activity against engineered murine BCR-ABL-KI–resistant Ph+ ALL. Strikingly, cotreatment with DHA and dasatinib in vivo strongly reduced primary leukemia burden and improved long-term survival in a murine model that faithfully captures the BCR-ABL-KI–resistant phenotype of human Ph+ ALL. -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,039,940 Perrault Et Al
US0060399.40A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,039,940 Perrault et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 21, 2000 54) INHERENTLY ANTIMICROBIAL 5,563,056 10/1996 Swan et al.. QUATERNARY AMINE HYDROGEL WOUND 5,599.321 2/1997 Conway et al.. DRESSINGS 5,624,704 4/1997 Darouiche et al.. 5,670.557 9/1997 Dietz et al.. 75 Inventors: James J. Perrault, Vista, Calif.; 5,674.561 10/1997 Dietz et al.. Cameron G. Rouns, Pocatello, Id. 5,800,685 9/1998 Perrault. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 73 Assignee: Ballard Medical Products, Draper, Utah 92/06694 4/1992 WIPO. WO 97/14448 4/1997 WIPO. 21 Appl. No.: 09/144,727 OTHER PUBLICATIONS 22 Filed: Sep. 1, 1998 I. I. Raad, “Vascular Catheters Impregnated with Antimi crobial Agents: Present Knowledge and Future Direction,” Related U.S. Application Data Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 18(4): 63 Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/738,651, Oct. 28, 227–229 (1997). 1996, Pat. No. 5,800,685. R. O. Darouiche, H. Safar, and I. I. Raad, “In Vitro Efficacy of Antimicrobial-Coated Bladder Catheters in Inhibiting 51) Int. Cl." .......................... A61K31/785; A61F 13/00 Bacterial Migration along Catheter Surface,” J. Infect. Dis., 52 U.S. Cl. ..................................... 424/78.06; 424/78.08; 176: 1109-12 (1997). 424/78.35; 424/78.37; 424/443; 424/445 W. Kohen and B. Jansen, “Polymer Materials for the Pre 58 Field of Search ..................................... 424/443, 445, vention of Catheter-related Infections.” Zbl Bakt., 283: 424/78.06, 78.07, 78.08, 78.35, 78.37 175-186 (1995). -
Emea Public Statement on Thiomersal in Vaccines for Human Use – Recent Evidence Supports Safety of Thiomersal-Containing Vaccines
The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Pre-authorisation evaluation of medicines for human use London, 24 March 2004 Doc. Ref: EMEA/CPMP/VEG/1194/04/Adopted EMEA PUBLIC STATEMENT ON THIOMERSAL IN VACCINES FOR HUMAN USE – RECENT EVIDENCE SUPPORTS SAFETY OF THIOMERSAL-CONTAINING VACCINES The EMEA issued statements on the use of thiomersal in vaccines in 1999 and 2000 (EMEA/20962/99, EMEA/CPMP/1578/00). In light of recent reassuring data on the safety of thiomersal-containing vaccines, this new statement updates previous recommendations. Thiomersal, is an antimicrobial organic mercury compound that continues to be used either in the early stages of manufacturing, or as a preservative, in some vaccines. The antimicrobial action of thiomersal relates to ethylmercury, which is released after breakdown of thiomersal into ethylmercury and thiosalicylate. The Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) previously advised that although there was no evidence of harm from thiomersal in vaccines other than hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions, it would be prudent to promote the general use of vaccines without thiomersal and other mercury containing preservatives, particularly for single dose vaccines. Since then, several vaccines licensed in the European Union have had thiomersal removed or levels reduced and new vaccines without thiomersal have been licensed. CPMP advice was in line with the global goal of reducing environmental exposure to mercury. The previous assessment of risks associated with ethylmercury had been based on data on methylmercury, as the toxicity profile of the two compounds was assumed to be similar. In March 2004, the CPMP reviewed the latest evidence relating to the safety of thiomersal-containing vaccines. -
PROVISIONAL PEER REVIEWED TOXICITY VALUES for DIMETHYLMERCURY (CASRN 593-74-8) Derivation of Subchronic and Chronic Oral Rfds
EPA/690/R-04/005F l Final 12-01-2004 Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values for Dimethylmercury (CASRN 593-74-8) Derivation of Subchronic and Chronic Oral RfDs Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268 Acronyms and Abbreviations bw body weight cc cubic centimeters CD Caesarean Delivered CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 CNS central nervous system cu.m cubic meter DWEL Drinking Water Equivalent Level FEL frank-effect level FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act g grams GI gastrointestinal HEC human equivalent concentration Hgb hemoglobin i.m. intramuscular i.p. intraperitoneal i.v. intravenous IRIS Integrated Risk Information System IUR inhalation unit risk kg kilogram L liter LEL lowest-effect level LOAEL lowest-observed-adverse-effect level LOAEL(ADJ) LOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration LOAEL(HEC) LOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human m meter MCL maximum contaminant level MCLG maximum contaminant level goal MF modifying factor mg milligram mg/kg milligrams per kilogram mg/L milligrams per liter MRL minimal risk level i MTD maximum tolerated dose MTL median threshold limit NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NOAEL no-observed-adverse-effect level NOAEL(ADJ) NOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration NOAEL(HEC) NOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a -
Mercury in Fish – Background to the Mercury in Fish Advisory Statement
Mercury in fish – Background to the mercury in fish advisory statement (March 2004) Food regulators regularly assess the potential risks associated with the presence of contaminants in the food supply to ensure that, for all sections of the population, these risks are minimised. Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) has recently reviewed its risk assessment for mercury in food. The results from this assessment indicate that certain groups, particularly pregnant women, women intending to become pregnant and young children (up to and including 6 years), should limit their consumption of some types of fish in order to control their exposure to mercury. The risk assessment conducted by FSANZ that was published in 2004 used the most recent data and knowledge available at the time. FSANZ intends toreview the advisory statement in the future and will take any new data and scientific evidence into consideration at that time. BENEFITS OF FISH Even though certain types of fish can accumulate higher levels of mercury than others, it is widely recognised that there are considerable nutritional benefits to be derived from the regular consumption of fish. Fish is an excellent source of high biological value protein, is low in saturated fat and contains polyunsaturated fatty acids such as essential omega-3 polyunsaturates. It is also a good source of some vitamins, particularly vitamin D where a 150 g serve of fish will supply around 3 micrograms of vitamin D – about three times the amount of vitamin D in a 10 g serve of margarine. Fish forms a significant component of the Australian diet with approximately 25% of the population consuming fish at least once a week (1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey; McLennan & Podger 1999). -
Identification of Drug Candidates That Enhance Pyrazinamide Activity from a Clinical Drug Library
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/113704; this version posted March 4, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Identification of drug candidates that enhance pyrazinamide activity from a clinical drug library Hongxia Niub, a, Chao Mac, Peng Cuid, Wanliang Shia, Shuo Zhanga, Jie Fenga, David Sullivana, Bingdong Zhu b, Wenhong Zhangd, Ying Zhanga,d* a Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA b Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research and Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China c College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China d Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China *Correspondence: Ying Zhang, E-Mail: [email protected] Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally despite the availability of the TB therapy. 1 The current TB therapy is lengthy and suboptimal, requiring a treatment time of at least 6 months for drug susceptible TB and 9-12 months (shorter Bangladesh regimen) or 18-24 months (regular regimen) for multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). 1 The lengthy therapy makes patient compliance difficult, which frequently leads to emergence of drug-resistant strains. The requirement for the prolonged treatment is thought to be due to dormant persister bacteria which are not effectively killed by the current TB drugs, except rifampin and pyrazinamide (PZA) which have higher activity against persisters. -
1 Submission from the EU on Mercury-Added Products And
Submission from the EU on mercury-added products and manufacturing processes using mercury or mercury compounds In accordance with Decision MC-3/16: Review of Annexes A and B, the Secretariat called in a letter dated 13 December (MC/COP3/2019/15) for submissions from Parties by 31 March 2020, including: a) Information on mercury-added products and on the availability, technical and economic feasibility, and environmental and health risks and benefits of non-mercury alternatives to mercury-added products, pursuant to paragraph 4 of article 4 of the Convention b) Information on processes that use mercury or mercury compounds and on the availability, technical and economic feasibility and environmental and health risks and benefits of mercury-free alternatives to manufacturing processes in which mercury or mercury compounds are used, pursuant to paragraph 4 of article 5 of the Convention The EU would like to share the information on a number of products and processes listed in table 1 below, where EU law is stricter than the provisions of the Convention. Each product/process is covered in an individual fiche, including data sources and references. The submission also includes a fiche on re-emerging use of mercury used as propellant in ion engines. New information has surfaced regarding this specific use which is likely to cause a significant dispersion of mercury to the environment. Note that the EU submission is based on the European Commission study on the "Collection of information on mercury-added products and their alternatives". The final report has a wider scope than the EU submission as it also covers a number of other existing or emerging uses and has been published and made available on CIRCABC. -
Mercury and Mercury Compounds
United States Office of Air Quality EPA-454/R-97-012 Environmental Protection Planning And Standards Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 December 1997 AIR EPA LOCATING AND ESTIMATING AIR EMISSIONS FROM SOURCES OF MERCURY AND MERCURY COMPOUNDS L & E EPA-454/R-97-012 Locating And Estimating Air Emissions From Sources of Mercury and Mercury Compounds Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Office of Air and Radiation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 December 1997 This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. EPA-454/R-97-012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................ xi 1.0 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT .............................................. 1-1 2.0 OVERVIEW OF DOCUMENT CONTENTS ................................. 2-1 3.0 BACKGROUND ........................................................ 3-1 3.1 NATURE OF THE POLLUTANT ..................................... 3-1 3.2 OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION, USE, AND EMISSIONS ................. 3-1 3.2.1 Production .................................................. 3-1 3.2.2 End-Use .................................................... 3-3 3.2.3 Emissions ................................................... 3-6 4.0 EMISSIONS FROM MERCURY PRODUCTION ............................. 4-1 4.1 PRIMARY MERCURY -
Paper Mills 553 ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼
DRAFT WISCONSIN MERCURY SOURCEBOOK: PAPER MILLS 553 ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼ MERCURY USE: Table of Contents About This Handout ............................ 554 PAPER MILLS Why Should I Be Concerned About Mercury? .............................................. 555 Keeping Mercury Out of Wastewater ... 557 Mercury is Potentially Used or Released at 1 A Component in Equipment ............. 558 Paper Mills in Four Different Areas: Mercury Product Focus: Batteries ..... 558 Mercury Product Focus: Detergents & 1 A component in equipment (e.g., switches, gauges, thermometers) Cleaners ............................................... 560 Mercury Product Focus: Gauges - 2 An ingredient in chemicals or laboratory chemicals (e.g., thimerosal) Manometers, Barometers, and Vacuum Gauges ................................................. 561 3 A contaminant in raw materials (eg., caustic soda) Mercury Product Focus: Lamps ........ 561 Mercury Product Focus: Switches and 4 An incidental release due to a production process (eg., coal Relays ................................................... 563 combustion) Mercury Switches in Electrical Applications ......................................... 564 Mercury Product Focus: Thermometers ...................................... 565 Where Would These Products or Processes Be Mercury Product Focus: Thermo-Electric Found in a Paper Mill? Devices ................................................. 565 Mercury Product Focus: Thermostat Mercury-containing instruments and devices are potentially