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The Deteriorating Histories in the Public Everyday Space of Post-Francoist Barcelona

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The Deteriorating Histories in the Public Everyday Space of Post-Francoist Barcelona The Deteriorating Histories in the Public Everyday Space of Post-Francoist Barcelona by Megan Elizabeth Saltzman A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Romance Languages and Literatures: Spanish) in The University of Michigan 2008 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Cristina Moreiras Menor, Chair Professor Rudolf Mrázek Associate Professor Santiago Colás Associate Professor Juli A. Highfill Acknowledgements a METROPOLIS-SIZED THANK YOU to all of the human beings that in one way or another helped me with this project: (in alphabetical order) Miguel Ángel del Arco Blanco Vincenzo Binetti Santiago Colás Esther Fernández Juli Highfill Iris Key Juanfer González Geraldo Jaume Juncadella Olivares Eva Megías Almagro Cristina Miguez Cruz Cristina Moreiras Menor Joan Millán Meca Javier Entreambasaguas Monsell Rudolf Mrázek Albert Rubio Martínez Pere Raso Porrini Edna Saltzman Marshall Saltzman Renée Zepeda ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. ii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... iv Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 1. Space ........................................................................................................3 2. Public .......................................................................................................6 3. Everyday ................................................................................................10 4. Urban and Barcelona..............................................................................18 5. Post-Francoist and Deteriorating ...........................................................23 6. Chapter Breakdown ...............................................................................28 Chapter: I. Barcelona’s Contemporary History and Image ..................................................30 1. Turn of the Century ................................................................................31 2. During Francoism ..................................................................................37 3. 1975 to 1978 ..........................................................................................43 4. Born Again Urbanism ............................................................................49 5. 1986 to 1992 ..........................................................................................51 6. The City’s Image ....................................................................................56 7. Totality ...................................................................................................87 8. Gentrification .........................................................................................91 9. Conclusion ...........................................................................................108 II. Spatial Tactics .................................................................................................117 III.Urban Nostalgia ..............................................................................................158 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................158 2. Prologue and Some Theory ..................................................................159 3. Juan José Lahuerta in his essay “La destrucción de Barcelona” ........ 164 4. Carvalho in Manuel Vázquez Montalbán’s Carvalho series ................176 a. Urban space and the detective genre ........................................177 b. The Historic Quarter and Carvalho’s nostalgia .......................180 5.The intellectuals in Manuel Vázquez Montalbán’s El Pianista ............195 6. Max Riera in Xavier Moret’s El último hippy (plus a photographic intermission) .................................................................216 7. Remei in Megan Saltzman’s “Things that Remei told me on the afternoon of March 2, 2005 .................................................................238 8. Some historical contextualization and concluding thoughts ................242 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................251 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................254 iii List of Figures Introduction Fig. i. Image from Barcelona’s Department for Tourism .................................................11 Fig. ii. Two street signs in the Gothic neighborhood ........................................................20 Fig. iii. A brief encounter: fourth century Romans meet twenty-first century speculators and graffiti artists ......................................................................................20 Chapter I: Barcelona’s History and Contemporary Image Fig. 1.1. Children play ball in the historic plaza of Sant Felipe Neri ...............................47 Fig. 1.2. Sculpture and plaque (in Catalan and English) erected in 2003 (nearly 30 years after the fall of the Franco regime) by the Ajuntament commemorating the victims of the Nationalist bombings in Barcelona ......................48 Fig. 1.3. Sculpture and plaque (in Catalan and English) erected in 2003 (nearly 30 years after the fall of the Franco regime) by the Ajuntament commemorating the victims of the Nationalist bombings in Barcelona ......................48 Fig. 1.4. Locals react euphorically upon hearing the news that their city will receive two weeks of international media attention ...........................................................54 Fig. 1.5. Three frames of the flash (format) advertisement from the Ajuntament’s website .........................................................................................................................58 Fig. 1.6. Olympic peace advertisement from El periódico ................................................60 Fig. 1.7. The 2004 Forum poster depicting different hands coming together, an explicit symbol of the multiculturalism and tolerance the administrators said the event was to promote .............................................................................................61 Fig. 1.8. Shown here are the front and back sides of a bookmark I found in the Gràcia neighborhood in the summer of 2005 ..............................................................61 Fig. 1.9. A juxtaposition of three different facades around the west end of the Raval neighborhood that depicts the mesh of cultures ................................................63 Fig. 1.10. The cover of the book published by the Ajuntament titled Retrat de la Barcelona de les cultures .............................................................................................64 Fig. 1.11. A poster from the Barcelona Posa’t guapa campaign ......................................72 Fig. 1.12. An page from the Ajuntament’s selective inventory of buildings in downtown Barcelona that are officially protected from demolition ..................................73 Fig. 1.13. The red circle embedded in the sidewalk reads “Ruta del Modernisme.”.............................................................................................................. 74 Fig. 1.14. Still from All About My Mother ......................................................................76 Fig. 1.15. Still from All About My Mother ......................................................................77 Fig. 1.16. The “Torre Agbar” and its disharmony with the surrounding urban Fabric ...........................................................................................................................82 Fig. 1.17. On the left is the “Torre Mapfre” (1992) designed by Madrid-based iv firm Iñigo Ortiz & Enrique Leó ...................................................................................83 Fig. 1.18. I call this “the spaceship building.” ..................................................................83 Fig. 1.19. Cucurulla Street, or, Gothic Neighborhood Mall .............................................86 Fig. 1.20. The Barcelona brand .........................................................................................86 Fig. 1.21. Plaza dura.........................................................................................................95 Fig. 1.22. Seized gap in the Raval where a five star hotel is being built .........................97 Fig. 1.23. In the Exaimple de l’Esquerra ..........................................................................98 Fig. 1.24. In the Raval .......................................................................................................99 Fig. 1.25. Torrent d´Olla Street with Terol Street in the Gràcia neighborhood ..............100 Fig. 1.26. What to make of this representation of diversity? ..........................................101 Fig. 1.27. New innovative and balcony-less apartments stand out in the Raval .............105 Fig. 1.28. Spread across these two pages are three generations of façades within a panorama of four blocks in the Born neighborhood ..................................................106 Fig. 1.29. 528 Gran Via ..................................................................................................107
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