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Guide-Fes-Italy.Pdf 2 3 EditorialeEdito Fes,Nichée Capitale spirituale del Regno del Marocco. Classificata “Patrimonio Mondialedell’Umanità”, Fes è pure una destinazione di prima qualità per le sue infrastrutture turistiche, la gastronomia rinomata, i luoghi di riposo, la medina, e la vita culturale animata lungo tutto l’anno. Città memoria, Fes cela una notevole ricchezza patrimoniale : moschee, medersa, Fès,Prima ville capitale des del palazzi, riad, fonduk, porte, musei, mausolei, Regno nel 808 con università, piazze, fontane, gallerie, souk e bazar Idriss II, centro d’artigianato… spirituale e culturale del Marocco Questa guida vi fa’ scoprire i molteplici centri tradizionale : Fes è d’interesse di questa città fondata nel 808 da una città multipla, Moulay Idriss II, che coniuga alla perfezione unica per il suo tradizione e modernità, offrendo nello stesso splendore. tempo ai visitatori un quadro urbano unico, vero e proprio museo a cielo aperto con la medina, i bastioni ed i giardini. La regione di Fes Boulemane dispone pure di grandi possibilità di scoperte e d’animazione socioculturale (cascate, circuiti dei laghi, terme, foresta di cedri, moussem ecc.), nella quale numerosi siti storici testimoniano della sua grandezza di un tempo. Fes è rimasta questa città d’incontri delle popolazioni arabo andaluse ed in cui Musulmani, Ebrei e Cristiani hanno vissuto e vivono insieme nella tolleranza e l’armonia totale. In questo luogo ha iniziato il dialogo delle civilizzazioni. Turisti, uomini d’affari, famiglie in ferie, city breaker, ciascuno troverà a Fes e nella sua regione un ambito privilegiato di rilassamento, riunione, lavoro, shopping e scoperte. Altrettante possibilità che proviamo a presentarvi tramite quest’edizione della Guida Turistica. Buon Soggiorno. 4 5 Sommario Guida Turistica • Editoriale 3 • Fes, decana delle città imperiali 6 • Storia 8 • Fes El Bali… Città fuori dai tempi 12 • Fes Jdid… Nei passi dei Merinidi 24 • Fes... La città nuova 28 • Fes, città del sapere, dell’arte e della cultura 30 • Ziyarate Fes 41 • Boulemane, città tranquilla del Medio Atlante 46 • Scoprire la regione di Fes 50 • Turismo verde 54 • Festival, moussem, concerti ed esposizioni 56 • Agenda culturale della città di Fes 66 • Gastronomia 68 • Spiritualità 70 • Sport e scoperte 72 • Benessere e relax 76 • Shopping a Fes 80 • Uscire la sera 84 • Alloggio 86 Annuario del Turismo 89 • Alloggio 90 • Ristoranti 100 • Fes la notte 102 • Agenzie di viaggi e Tour operator 104 • Trasporto 106 • Cultura 110 • Sport & scoperte 112 • Benessere & relax 114 • Informazioni pratiche 116 6 Fes, decana delle città imperiali Nicchiata nel cavo d’una piccola valle al piede delle montagne del Medio Atlante, Fes, focolare attraente della civilizzazione musulmana e culla della cultura berbera e degli Arabi d’Andalusia, affascina con la sua ricchezza storica, la propria architettura ispano-moresca, la medina medievale di Fes El Bali, la bellezza dei suoi monumenti e lo splendore delle sue dimore. Fes, città delle Fondata alla fine dell’VIII° secolo da Idriss mille e una notti, II, questa città millenaria è tra le più antiche capitale storica, spirituale e culturale città dell’Islam. Soprannominata nel passato del Marocco, è una «l’Atene dell’Africa», Fes è stata, dalla nascita sosta inevitabile per descritta e adulata da tutti i tipi di poeti, gli innamorati della storici e cronisti come Ibn Khaldoun, Leone cultura, della storia l’Africano… ed ha protetto numerosi scienziati e dell’architettura d’Andalusia, come Ibn Tofail ed Ibn Rochd. ispano moresca. L’irraggiamento intellettuale della sua università coranica, la celebre moschea Quaraouiyne, gli edifici improntati dall’arte arabo andalusa ne fanno, durante i secoli, il centro religioso e culturale del Regno del Marocco. I suoi monumenti, le mura, lo sfondo medievale dei vicoli stretti e tortuosi, 6 7 le moschee, i palazzi, i dall’Unesco dal 1981, questa fondouks e le medersa (scuole «città Museo» ha saputo coraniche) che sono nati mantenere nel filo dei tempi le durante dodici secoli di storia, proprie tradizioni (università, competono nelle decorazioni : medersa, artigianato, …) rivestimenti di legno scolpiti, bronzi cesellati, zellige, Diventando insieme città moucharabieh, colonne e turistica moderna e molto gessi scolpiti. attiva con palazzi, hôtel, golf, Testimoniano pure del genio ristoranti, stazioni termali, creatore e del know-how dei animazione e spettacoli… suoi artisti – artigiani di gran talento, venuti d’Oriente e Oggi, costituisce una sosta d’Andalusia. inevitabile per gli innamorati Classificata nel ‘‘Patrimonio della storia e dell’architettura Universale dell’Umanità’’ ispano moresca. 8 Storia Alla fine del VII° secolo, fuggendo l’egemonia degli Abbassidi a Bagdad, Idriss I°, discendente del Profeta Maometto (QPSSL), si rifugia dai Berberi del Marocco centrale. Sostenuto da numerose tribù che lo proclamano Re del Marocco, fondò nel 789 dopo C. la sua capitale sulla sponda destra dell’Oued Al Jawahir (divenuto più tardi Oued Fes). Alla sua morte, suo figlio Idriss II, compie i lavori sulla sponda sinistra dell’Oued e decide, nel Le dinastie si 809, di stabilirvi la sede della dinastia. Questa succedono a Fes, lasciando dietro città divenne la prima città islamica del paese. di loro sontuosi Qualche anno più tardi, accoglie numerose palazzi, moschee, centinaia di rifugiati politici d’Andalusia, giardini e medersa... di Cordoba. Questa popolazione è stata Così Fes diventa rinforzata dall’arrivo d’Ebrei d’Andalusia rapidamente il e, sette anni più tardi, con 300 famiglie centro religioso d’artigiani e commercianti di Kairouan e culturale del (Città di Tunisia). Fes El Bali s’articola Marocco. intorno alla celebre moschea Quaraouyine e a molteplici patrimoni religiosi, culturali ed architettonici. Sotto il regno degli Almoravidi, in particolare quello di Youssef Ben Tachfine, Fes conosce uno slancio artistico ed intellettuale segnato dall’edificazione nel 1096 del Collegio dei pazienti Almoravidi, medersa dotata d’una 9 biblioteca, e dalla riapertura la città di nuove attrezzature: della strada sahariana dell’oro. foundouk, fontane, bagni, Nella metà del 1100, il forni, mulini, ponti, ecc Sultano almohada, Abd el- Fes conoscerà la sua età d’oro Moumem, s’impadronisce all’inizio del 1300. Nella della città, «frequentata da seconda metà del 1400, Fes viaggiatori di tutti i paesi». I è colpita da disordini che suoi abitanti commerciano scoppiano nel regno alla fine con la Spagna, il Maghreb della dinastia merinida. E’ centrale, il Sahara, l’Oriente segnata dall’apparizione della e pure qualche paese cristiano. nuova dinastia Beni Wattas La città prospera. Nel 1250, nel 1471, con l’arrivo di Fes diventa di nuovo la Musulmani e d’Ebrei cacciati capitale dell’impero merinida dalla Spagna nel 1492 e, per due secoli. indirettamente, con l’arrivo L’irragiamento di Fes dei Portoghesi nei porti raggiunge il suo apogeo con atlantici. la dinastia merinida. I sovrani Nel 1666, Moulay Rachid merinidi edificarono una città ristabilisce l’ordine, rilancia il nuova che fu sede del loro commercio e sceglie di nuovo potere e nominata Al-Medina Fes come capitale. Dopo un Al-Bayda (la città bianca). lungo periodo d’agitazione Un altro nome «Fes Jdid» le nella prima metà del 1700, la fu dato in opposizione a «Fes città ritroverà la sua calma ed El-Bali». il suo prestigio. Introdussero la nuova Nonostante la concorrenza istituzione ufficiale che fu dell’attività economica la medersa per diffondere la nascente di Casablanca, dottrina Malekita e formare un corpo di funzionari per la nel 1800, Fes mantiene il giustizia, l’amministrazione e suo irraggiamento religioso, lo Stato. Infine, arricchirono intellettuale e commerciale. 10 Il Regno Idrissida Dopo la morte del Profeta ai discendenti del Profeta Maometto, (QPSSL) nel Maometto, (QPSSL) nel 632, guerre di successione 809; la prima dinastia senza fine ritmano la storia marocchina è nata. Idriss II dell’Islam. Attore di questa continua l’opera di suo padre. guerra fratricida, Idriss ben Accresce la sua autorità Abdallah, discendente di su nuove regioni e dota Fatima e d’Ali (la figlia ed il il suo regno di uno Stato genero del Profeta Maometto, organizzato. QPSSL), prende le armi contro gli Abassidi di Bagdad. Fes è promossa capitale ed Per sfuggire alle rappresaglie accoglie un gran numero sanguinose del Califfo d’immigrati venuti da Haroun Al Rachid, Idriss Cordoba e da Kairouan trova rifugio in Marocco, a che faranno della città un Oualili (Volubilis). alto luogo intellettuale e spirituale. Idriss II muore Le tribù berbere della regione, nel 828. Lascia dieci figli che islamizzate di recente, sedotte rimetteranno in causa il suo da questo uomo devoto ed lavoro d’unificazione. erudito, lo designano come il loro capo ed imâm (788). Benché resi più fragili Quest’alleanza è sigillata da incessanti guerre di dal matrimonio di Idriss successione, gli Idrissidi sono con una principessa berbera, proclamati, all’inizio del Lalla Kenza. Haroun, furioso 1000, califfi di Cordoba. d’apprendere la creazione di Ma il frazionamento della questo regno indipendente, Spagna trascina la loro fa’ avvelenare Idriss I° nel decadenza e scomparsa nel 791. Suo figlio postumo 1055, data della presa di Idriss II, è riconosciuto come Sijilmassa da conquistatori nuovo sherif (titolo dato riformisti, gli Almoravidi. 10 11 Fes El Bali... Città fuori dai tempi Città medievale fondata nel 809 dagli Idrissidi, «Fes El Bali» è la culla della cultura berbera ed arabo andalusa e cuore storico della città e del Marocco. Comporta oggi, con i suoi quartieri, i souk, le moschee, le medersa ed edifici, un patrimonio unico nel suo genere. Per scoprire Fes El Bali, esistono numerosi itinerari. Vi raccomandiamo di attraversare la storia di questa città da tre grandi porte Bab Boujloud, Bab Ftouh o Bab Passeggiare nella El Ghissa. medina, anche per gli abitanti di Fes, richiede di I Bab ricordarsi le diverse successioni di Bab Boujloud porte. Fatta nel 1100 dagli Almohadi, Bab Boujloud è tra le più belle porte della medina di Fes con le sue maioliche azzurre e verdi ed il legno di cedro ed i stucchi scolpiti.
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