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De Marruecos 2 3 EditorialEdito Fez,Nichée Capital espiritual del Reino de Marruecos. Clasificada ‘patrimonio mundial de la humanidad’ por la UNESCO, Fez es también una destinación preferida tanto por sus infraestructuras turísticas como por su gastronomía de renombre, sus lugares de sosiego, su Medina y la actividad cultural que la animan durante todo el año. Fès,Primera ville capital des del reino en 808 en Ciudad-Memoria, Fez acoge un rico y tiempos del Rey considerable patrimonio : mezquitas, madrazas, Idriss II, centro palacios, riads, fondouks, puertas, mausoleos, espiritual y cultural universidades, plazas, fuentes, galerías, zocos y del Marruecos bazares de artesanía… tradicional : Fez es una ciudad Esta guía les hará descubrir los múltiples centros múltiple, única de interés de esta ciudad fundada en el año 808 en su esplendor. por Moulay Idriss II. La ciudad de Fez conjuga a la perfección tradición y modernidad, al mismo tiempo ofreciendo a los visitantes un cuadro urbano único, verdadero museo al aire libre con su medina, sus murallas y sus jardines. La región de Fez-Meknes ofrece también grandes posibilidades de descubrimiento y de animación socio-cultural (cascadas, circuitos de lagos, bosque de cedros, moussems, etc.) Fez sigue siendo esa ciudad de encuentro de las populaciones bereberes y arabo-andaluces donde musulmanes, judíos y cristianos vivieron y siguen viviendo en tolerancia y total armonía. Es aquí donde realmente comenzó el dialogo de las civilizaciones. Turistas, hombres de negocios, familias en vacaciones, city breakers, cada uno encontrara en Fez un cuadro privilegiado de tranquilidad, reunión, trabajo, shopping y descubrimientos. Tantas posibilidades que intentaremos presentarles a través de esta edición de la guía turística. Buena estancia 4 5 Sumario Guía turística • Editorial 3 • Fez, la mas antigua de las ciudades imperiales 5 • Historia 10 • Fez El Bali… Una Ciudad al margen del tiempo 11 • Fez Jdid… Por los pasos de los Merinidas 12 • Fez… la nueva ciudad 15 • Circuitos turísticos 28 • Fez, ciudad del saber, del arte y de la cultura 34 • Ziyarate Fez 44 • La Medina de Fez vuelve a relucir 46 • Meknes, la ‘Versalles’ de Marruecos 48 • Monumentos históricos 49 • Historia de Meknes 50 • Descubrir la región de Fez 52 • Turismo verde 55 • Festivales, moussems, conciertos y exposiciones 58 • Agenda cultural de la ciudad de Fez 65 • Gastronomía 66 • Espiritualidad 67 • Deportes y descubrimiento 68 • Bienestar y puesta en forma 74 • Shopping en Fez 78 • Salir de noche 80 • Alojamiento 81 Anuario Turístico 83 • Alojamiento 84 • Fez de noche 91 • Restaurantes 92 • Agencias de viajes y touroperadoras 94 • Transporte 96 • Cultura 100 • Deporte y Aventura 102 • Bienestar y Renacer 103 • Informaciones practicas 104 6 Fez, la mas antigua de las ciudades imperiales Alojada en el nicho de un vallejo, al pie de las montañas del Atlas medio, Fez es el hogar prestigioso de la civilización musulmana y cuna de la cultura bereber y de los Arabes andaluces. La ciudad cautiva con su riqueza historica, su arquitectura hispano-morisca, su medina medieval de Fez El Bali, la belleza de sus monumentos y el esplendor de sus mansiones históricas. Fez, ciudad de las mil y una noches, Fundada a finales del siglo VIII por Idriss I, capital histórica, esta ciudad milenaria es una de las mas antiguas espiritual y cultural ciudades islámicas. Conocida antiguamente de Marruecos, como la Atenas africana, Fez ha sido desde es una parada su nacimiento descrita y adulada por poetas, inevitable para los historiadores y cronistas de toda índole tales enamorados de la como Ibn Khaldoun, Leon el Africano, etc. cultura, historia y arquitectura La ciudad también acogió a numerosos sabios hispano-morisca. andaluces tales como Ibn Tofail, Ibn Rushd (Averroes) y Maimónide. La influencia intelectual de su universidad multidisciplinaria coránica, su celebre mezquita Quaraouyine y sus edificios arabo- andaluces hacen de ella al filo de los años el centro religioso y cultural del Reino. Sus monumentos, sus murallas, el escenario 6 7 medieval de sus callezuelas mantener a lo largo de los años estrechas y tortuosas, sus sus tradiciones (modes de vies, mezquitas, palacios, fondouks mœurs, us et coutumes, etc.) y madrazas (escuelas coránicas) y al mismo tiempo convertirse que vieron la luz a lo largo de los en una ciudad moderna doce siglos de historia, rivalizan y activa con sus palacios, de ornamenta : madera tallada, hoteles, riads, campos de bronces cincelados, zelliges, golf, restaurantes, estaciones celosías, columnas y yeso termales, animación y esculpido que atestiguan del genio espectáculos , festiv ales ... creativo de sus artistas-artesanos Fez constituye hoy una parada de gran talento, llegados de inevitable para los enamorados Oriente y del Andalus. de la cultura, historia y Clasificada ‘patrimonioarquitectura hispano-morisca mundial de la humanidad’, y para aquellos que buscan un por la Unesco desde 1981, verdadero cambio de escenario esta ciudad-museo ha sabido a las puertas de Europa. 8 Historia A finales del siglo séptimo, Idriss I, descendiente del profeta, se refugia en los territorios de la tribus bereberes del centro de Marruecos. El monarca huía de la hegemonía de los Abasidas de Baghdad. Con el apoyo de numerosas tribus, es proclamado rey de Marruecos e instala su capital en la orilla derecha del río Al Jawahir (mas tarde llamado Oued Fez). Después de su muerte, su hijo Idriss II acaba los trabajos de construcción Por Fez, las en la orilla izquierda y decide en 809 hacer dinastías se de ella la sede de su dinastía. Esta ciudad se sucedieron dejando detrás suyo una convierte así en la primera ciudad islámica estela de suntuosos del país. Años mas tarde acogerá centenares palacios, mezquitas, de refugiados de Cordoba y del Andalus entre jardines y ellos musulmanes y judíos. Mas tarde se madrazas… les sumaran 300 familias de artesanos y de Es así cómo Fez se comerciantes de la ciudad de Kairaouan, (, la convirtió en el centro actual Túnez capital). Fez El Bali se articula religioso y cultural alrededor de la mezquita Al Quaraouyine y de Marruecos. de otros patrimonios religiosos, culturales y arquitectónicos. Bajo el reinado de los Almoravides, en particular del monarca Youssef Ibn Tachfine, Fez conocerá un auge artístico y intelectual marcado por la edificación en 1096 del Colegio de pacientes almorávide, Madraza 9 provista de una biblioteca y la ciudad con nuevos por la reapertura de la ruta equipamientos : Fondouks, del Oro. A mediados del fuentes, baños molinos, siglo XII, el sultán almohade puentes, etc. Abdelmoumen toma control A comienzos del siglo XIV Fez de la ciudad, frecuentada entrara en su época dorada. entonces por “viajeros de todo En la segunda mitad del siglo el mundo”. Sus habitantes XV, Fez será sacudida por comercian con España, El los tumultos que reinaron a Magreb central, el Sahara, finales de la dinastía merínida. Oriente y hasta algunos países Su historia se marcara cristianos. La ciudad prospera también con la llegada de y en 1250 se convierte en la la dinastía Beni Ouattas en capital del imperio merinita 1471, con la llegada de los por dos siglos. Musulmanes y los judíos El auge de Fez llega a su expulsados de España en apogeo con los Merinidas. 1492 e indirectamente con Los soberanos de esta dinastía la llegada de los portugueses a edificaron una nueva ciudad las costas atlánticas. que fue la sede de su poder. La bautizaron Al-Médina Al- En 1666 Moulay Rachid, Bayda (Ciudad Blanca) pero se tercer monarca de la dinastía hizo famosa como ‘Fez Jdid’ alauí, restablece el orden y (la nueva Fez) por oposición a escoge de nuevo a Fez como la antigua Fez, ‘Fez el Bali’. capital del Reino. Después de numerosos tumultos en la Los Merínidas introdujeron primera parte del siglo XVIII, una nueva institución oficial, la ciudad recobrara su calma la Madraza. Su objetivo era y su prestigio. A Pesar de la difundir la doctrina malekita competición de Casablanca y formar un cuerpo de en materia de comercio y de funcionarios para la justicia, economía, Fez conserva su la administración y el estado. posición de centro religioso, También enriquecieron intelectual y comercial. 10 El Reino Idrísida Después de la muerte del dinastía marroquí. Idriss II profeta Mohamed en el continua la obra de su padre año 632, interminables y extiende su autoridad sobre guerras de sucesión tendrán nuevas regiones al mismo lugar. Dentro de esta guerra tiempo que dota su reino de fratricida, Idriss Benabdellah, un estado organizado. descendiente del profeta, toma las armas contra los Fez es promovida capital Abasidas de Bagdad. Para del reino y acoge numerosos escapar de las sangrientas inmigrantes de Cordoba y represalias del califa Abasida de Kairaouan que harán de Haroun Al Rashid, se refugia la ciudad un brillante centro en Marruecos, en la ciudad de intelectual y espiritual. Idriss Walili (Volubilis). II muere en el año 828. Sus descendientes pondrán Las tribus bereberes de la zona en entredicho el trabajo de recientemente islamizadas, se unificación que logro. ven seducidas por este beato erudita y lo eligen como su jefe A pesar de incesantes guerras y imam en 788. Esta alianza de sucesión, los Idrisidas son se sella con la unión de Idriss proclamados a comienzos del con una princesa berebere, siglo XI califas de Cordoba. Lalla Kenza. Haroun Rachid, furioso al conocer la noticia Sin embargo, Pero la división de la creación de este nuevo de la España de entonces reino independiente, lo conlleva su decadencia y su manda envenenar en 791. desaparición en 1055, fecha Su hijo póstumo Idriss II es de la toma de Sijilmassa reconocido como nuevo líder por los conquistadores en 809, así nace la primera reformistas, los Almoravides. 11 Fez El Bali... Una Ciudad al margen del tiempo Ciudad medieval fundada en el año 809 por los idrisidas, «Fez El Bali» es la cuna de la cultura bererbere y arabo-andalusi y corazon historico de la ciudad de Fez y del reino.
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