Nolan Preece Chemigrams
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The Pennsylvania State University Schreyer Honors College
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ART HISTORY WOLFGANG TILLMANS: WORLD-MAKING YIZHOU ZHANG SPRING 2020 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in Art History with honors in Art History Reviewed and approved* by the following: Sarah K. Rich Associate Professor of Art History Thesis Supervisor Sarah K. Rich Associate Professor of Art History Honors Adviser Nancy E. Locke Associate Professor of Art History Faculty Reader * Electronic approvals are on file. i ABSTRACT This thesis looks into the body of art works created by Wolfgang Tillmans from the early 1980s to the present, with a focus on the transforming quality of the photographic medium. The essay first investigates the early clashing of mediums in the artist’s work: the photo printer, digital camera, and film in the photograph surface. Then, the essay delves into a longer history of abstract photography that relates to modernist notions of medium specificity. The third chapter deals with the issue of body in a double fold: the body of the art work, and the body of the artist. The fourth chapter introduces a systematic view on Tillmans’ thirty-years-long oeuvre, connecting the motif of astronomy with a distinct world view hidden behind Tillmans photographs. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................... iii List of Figures.............................................................................................................................. -
Camera-Less Photography: Can It Be Considered Photography?
Camera-Less Photography: Can It Be Considered Photography? By Samara Knight 1404424 BA (Hons) Photography FPHO6004 Word count: 8,800 TABLE OF CONTENTS Description page number 1 Introduction . 1 2 Chapter 1: A Brief History of Camera-less Photography . 4 3 Chapter 2: Key Theories . 7 4 Chapter 3: Case Study 1: Garry Fabian Miller . 13 5 Chapter 4: Case Study 2: Pierre Cordier . 19 6 Conclusion . 25 Bibliography . 27 List of illustrations . 31 INTRODUCTION Fig. 1. Diagram of Forces (1939) Photography has the ability to capture from the visual world around us things that the human eye is unable to process, even when it does, technically, capture it. As Dziga Vertov describes “I am an eye, a mechanical eye. I the machine show you the world the way only I can see…Thus I explain in a new way, the world unknown to you” (Dziga Vertov, cited in Jordan Bernier, 2012). James Elkins echoes this statement, articulating that "Again and again photographs have compelled people to see the world as they had not needed or wanted to see it” (Elkins, 2009a:XI). The photograph can capture and freeze moments in time, which is what made it a popular tool within scientific discovery; these photographs are typically equated with the use of the camera. Photography is also able to record duration but to its factual demise. The art of camera-less photography is very much included in this element, it preceded the camera-made photograph which is often assumed as the first fix of light on paper. ‘Camera-less’ is the term used to describe any image made using photographic or photographically related materials without the use of the camera. -
Cameraless & Alternative Photographic Workshops
Cameraless & Alternative photographic workshops All workshops listed below are tailored for your requirements, suitable for a range of ages and do no require any previous experience. Hannah Fletcher @hfletch www.hannahfletcher.com [email protected] Member of London Alternative Photography Collective @londnaltphoto Cyanotypes Lumen prints Workshops can range from drop-in 30 min sessions to 1 or 2 day classes and will result in finished prints to be taken away. The Cyanotype is a cameraless photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print. Absorbent materials -including papers, fabrics, woods and cardboards, are coated with a light sensitive solution and dried in a darkened space. Once dry, the material is layered with Workshops can range from drop-in 40 min sessions to full day classes objects or large format negatives and and will result in finished prints to be taken away. exposed to a source of ultraviolet light (either the sun or a UV exposure unit). Lumen printing is a cameraless photographic printing process that works Exposure time will vary depending on particularly well with organic materials. It can be done with any old, out of the strength of the UV light and can be date or fogged photographic paper or film. anywhere from 2 minutes to a few hours. Once thoughrouly washed in water, areas Materials and specimens are collected and picked for the workshop. These of the material that have been touched by are then placed onto the photographic paper or photographic film and light, remain blue, while any areas that weighted down inside a frame and exposed to a source of ultraviolet light were hidden from UV light source will (either the sun or a UV exposure unit). -
Ohno, Mari. 2021. Composing with Matter: Interdisciplinary Explorations Between the Natural and the Artificial
Ohno, Mari. 2021. Composing with Matter: Interdisciplinary Explorations Between the Natural and the Artificial. Doctoral thesis, Goldsmiths, University of London [Thesis] https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/29971/ The version presented here may differ from the published, performed or presented work. Please go to the persistent GRO record above for more information. If you believe that any material held in the repository infringes copyright law, please contact the Repository Team at Goldsmiths, University of London via the following email address: [email protected]. The item will be removed from the repository while any claim is being investigated. For more information, please contact the GRO team: [email protected] Composing with Matter Interdisciplinary Explorations Between the Natural and the Artificial Mari Ohno Music Goldsmiths, University of London Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2020 1 Declaration I hereby declare that the work in this dissertation and the work presented in the accompanying portfolio have been carried out by myself except as otherwise specified. Signed, Mari Ohno January 2020 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisors Professor John Levack Drever and Dr Freida Abtan, and my external supervisor Dr Patricia Alessandrini at Stanford University for their support, knowledge, and guidance throughout the pathway of this research at Goldsmiths, University of London. I would like to acknowledge and thank the scientists and artists, Oron Catts and Dr Ionat Zurr at SymbioticA, the Centre of Excellence in Biological Arts at the University of Western Australia, Professor Anatoly Zayats and Dr Manasi Nandi at King’s College London, who all supported and collaborated with me for the practice in this research. -
Spring 2007 Curriculum
Spring 2007 Curriculum ART HISTORY AH 2259.01 The Birth of Romanticism: 1760 - 1820 Dan Hofstadter We shall begin with the first self-conscious stirrings of Romantic art, from about 1760 to 1820. Among the major artists covered will be David, Gericault, Ingres, William Blake, the early Turner, Caspar David Friedrich, and Goya. Readings will be drawn primarily from the poets and philosophers of the period, including Blake, Wordsworth, Diderot, and Rousseau. Our emphasis will be on the intimate relationship between late Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and on how the Romantic impulse originated in sketchbooks, small paintings, diaries, and other highly personal creations. Our principal topics will include the budding interest in chaos, natural phenomena, and spontaneity; the renewal of interest in the Middle Ages; the primacy accorded to the erotic impulse; and the fascination with the demonic and the revolutionary. Prerequisites: None. Credits: 4 Time: M, Th 9:15am - 12noon, Th 6:30pm - 8:20pm (This course meets the second seven weeks of the term.) AH 2286.01 Art in America Since WWII Andrew Spence After WWII, artists in U. S. cities played a major role in the transformation of contemporary art from Modernism to Post Modernism and the present. As a survey, this course looks at several of these artists’ works and their connections to important movements such as Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, and the proliferation of later movements including Photo Realism, Minimalism, Feminist Art, Process Art, Earth Art, New Image Painting, Neo Expressionism, East Village Art, Identity Art and more. New York City as one of the world-class art centers is used as a focus for retracing these developments in order to gain a closer understanding and appreciation. -
Lexicon * Cf. Lexicon ** Neologism by Pierre Cordier Auto-Chemigram
Lexicon * Cf. Lexicon ** neologism by Pierre Cordier auto-chemigram ** (1979) Imprint of the face, the body, or a part of the body made with a localizing* product on a photosensitive emulsion*. Bayard Hippolyte (1801-1887) In 1839, invented a photographic technique using negative paper. His talent as an inventor was overshadowed because of the success of the daguerreotype. Bissectrix ** (1972-1979) The lines formed by the " magic varnish*" create clearer areas in the angles which underline the bissectrices. In a square, they form an « X ». From this observation came the idea to create the Bissectrix alphabet. Each letter can be read by following the virtual image formed by the changing directions of the parallel lines. cameraless photography Photography without the use of a camera. Cf. Photogram*, cliché-verre*, lensless* photography. camera obscura In which an image is formed by the light rays passing through a small hole or a lens. CHazard ** (1975) Chemigram whose forms are organized according to random numbers. chemigram ** The chemigram , invented in 1956 by Pierre Cordier, combines the physics of painting (varnish, wax, oil) and the chemistry of photography (photosensitive emulsion*, developer*, fixer*); without the use of a camera, an enlarger, and in full light. In 1958, to describe his technique, Pierre Cordier coined the words, today used worldwide: chimigramme in French; chemigram in English, in Dutch & Flemish; Chemigramm in German; chimigramma in Italian; quimigrama in Spanish & Portuguese. ( The word « chimigramme » was patented in March 1963 & the word « chemigram » in 1979 ) chemigrammer ** or chemigramist ** or chemigrapher One who utilizes the chemigram technique. chemigram negative ** (1956) Chemigram on negative material (film, plate). -
Is a Landmark Publication That Encompasses the History, Art and Science of Photography in a Single Volume
The Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Photography is a landmark publication that encompasses the history, art and science of photography in a single volume. At a time when information is instantly accessible on the internet but is often of doubtful reliability or provenance, this ambitious project both reasserts the veracity, reliability and accuracy of scholarly research in reference publishing and celebrates the pleasure and immersive experience offered by refined, elegant book design. Compiled under the editorial guidance of Nathalie Herschdorfer and in consultation with an international panel of 150 experts, The Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Photography is based on entirely fresh scholarship by seventy-nine researchers from sixteen countries. The culmination of nearly ten years of development and research, this is the new, relevant and truly definitive reference to photography. Key features Specification Over 1,200 concise yet fully detailed entries on all Casebound with jacket aspects of the subject, including photographers, images, 30.7 × 20.2 cm agencies, genres, movements, exhibitions, publications, (12⅛ × 8 in.) collectors, techniques and processes. 448 pages c. 300 illustrations, A comprehensive reference to over 180 years of photographic history. Truly authoritative and based on c. 60 in colour fresh scholarship. Illustrated throughout with over 300 images showing key works, artist portraits, exhibitions, installations, publications and technical diagrams. A book that offers an immersive experience, combining a clear presentation with the very best in modern yet timeless typographic design. The Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Photography – Information Pack 1 Over a decade in the making Fresh scholarship and clarity of writing The Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Photography Following the consultation and peer-review process represents over a decade of careful consideration, and the finalizing of the list of entries, a team of development and scholarship. -
Chemigram: a New Approach to Lensless Photography Author(S): Pierre Cordier Reviewed Work(S): Source: Leonardo, Vol
Leonardo Chemigram: A New Approach to Lensless Photography Author(s): Pierre Cordier Reviewed work(s): Source: Leonardo, Vol. 15, No. 4 (Autumn, 1982), pp. 262-268 Published by: The MIT Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1574733 . Accessed: 20/01/2012 14:11 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The MIT Press and Leonardo are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Leonardo. http://www.jstor.org Leonardo, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 262-268, 1982 0024-094X/82/040262-07$03.00/0 Printed in Great Britain Pergamon Press Ltd. CHEMIGRAM:A NEW APPROACH TO LENSLESS PHOTOGRAPHY Pierre Cordier* Abstract-The author describes his lensless photographic techniquewhich he calls the chemigram technique.His research, in which chance plays an importantrole, is characterisedby a displacementof the values of each step in making a photograph. Usually, a photograph is produced throughexposure to light, and the subsequentchemical operationscontribute only to making the latent imagepermanently visible. But, for the author,the latter become the generator of the image. Light takes on a secondary role. The essential elements in his work are: photosensitive materials, chemical solutions and localizingmaterials. -
High School Program of Studies
Norwalk Public Schools Program of Studies 2021 – 2022 Brien McMahon High School Center for Global Studies Norwalk High School P-TECH Norwalk Norwalk Board of Education Colin Hosten, Chairperson Diana Carpio, Vice-Chairperson Godfrey Azima, Secretary Michael Barbis Erica DePalma Sherelle Harris Heidi Keys Sarah LeMieux Barbara Meyer-Mitchell Mayor Harry Rilling, Ex-Officio Norwalk Public Schools Dr. Alexandra Estrella, Superintendent Dr. Frank Costanzo, Chief of School Operations Donalda Chumney, Chief Academic Officer Dr. Sandra Kase, Interim Chief Academic Officer Yvette Goorevitch, Chief of Specialized Learning and Student Services Ralph Valenzisi, Chief of Digital Learning and Development Tom Hamilton, Chief Financial Officer Brenda Wilcox Williams, Chief of Communications Vision Statement of Norwalk Public Schools Norwalk is the most successful City school system in Connecticut. Norwalk students will exceed State average achievement while high- need students have the smallest achievement gap. Student needs and interests are met through a wide range of school and program choices that promote diversity and broaden achievement. All students are taught by exemplary educators in nurturing, safe, and attractive schools. Students read on grade level by the end of grade three, leave eighth grade equipped to do rigorous high school work, and graduate from high school ready for college. Goals of the Norwalk Public Schools . Close the gaps between Norwalk student achievement and State average student achievement in Reading (ELA), Math, Science, and the graduation rate (4 and 5 years) during the life of the Strategic Operating Plan. Reduce the achievement gap of Norwalk’s high-need students – Special Education, Multilingual Learners, and low-income students - relative to high-need students in the State. -
10 Questions 10 F.A.Q. About Chemigram I Have Noted That
10 questions 10 F.A.Q. about chemigram I have noted that questions posed by the public and the media, concerning chemigram, almost always contain the same misconceptions. Here are answers to ten of the most frequently asked questions: 1 / « Is chemigram photography ? » No, "photo – graphy" means " writing with light". Chemigram means “writing with chemistry” because developer and fixer do the writing. To say that a chemigram is a photograph because it is created on photographic paper is like saying that the Mona Lisa is a piece of cabinet-work because it was painted on a piece of wood. 2 / « Is a chemigram a photogram ? » No. A chemigram, like a photogram, is made without a camera (= "cameraless photography") and without an enlarger (="lensless photography"). As in photography, a photogram is a technique in which light does the writing. However, in chemigram chemistry does the writing, not light. Chemigram must remain in a category of its own. It must not be placed in the same category as photogram, as some photogram historians have done, in books or on the internet. 3 / « Is a chemigram created exclusively with chemicals ? » Because the word “chemigram” is derived from the word “chemical”, many critics mistakenly believe that chemigrams are created only with the use of chemicals. They misunderstand that the use of a localizing product* (varnish, wax, oil ) allows for more accomplished results . The transformation of these localizing products is not chemical but physical : erosion, uplifting, dissolution, cracking. It is possible to obtain very rough chemigrams by using nothing more than emulsion paper, developer, and fixer. -
Gallery Text That Accompanies This Exhibition
LIGHT PAPER PROCESS Reinventing Photography From its beginnings in experimentation by mid-nineteenth-century scientists and gentlemen of leisure, photography has been shaped by the desire to understand and explore the medium’s essential materials. Taking that spirit of invention and discovery as its point of departure, this exhibition features the work of seven artists who focus their investigations on the light sensitivity and chemi- cal processing of photographic papers, challenging us to see the medium anew. Matthew Brandt, Marco Breuer, John Chiara, Chris McCaw, Lisa Oppenheim, Alison Rossiter, and James Welling utilize an extensive array of practices to create their unique works. They may build cameras outfitted with specialized lenses or record an image on photographic paper without a camera or film; they may use expired photographic papers; they may hand coat, tone, or bathe paper in solutions that include ingredients taken from the subject photographed; they may load paper, rather than film, in the camera; or they may contact print from enlarged copy negatives using sources of light other than the enlarger. Whether created in the camera, darkroom, or studio, the images remain latent until developed, fixed, or otherwise coaxed from the paper. Trial and error contribute to an understanding of the materials and their potential, as do accident and chance. The exhibition begins with an overview of experimental practices during the twentieth century, drawn from the Getty Museum’s collection, and continues with an individual gallery dedicated to each of the seven artists. The works on view in Light, Paper, Process provide a glimpse into the continued interrogation and reinvention of the medium of photography by artists working today. -
About LIGHT That Each Picture Is a Construct and the Result of an Optical-Mechanical, Chemical-Physical (Or Digital) Technolo- Rant About Them
Nadine Olonetzky credible. Photography’s ability to cut through the timeline and freeze what was in front of the lens at that very tensive examination of the medium’s technological and aesthetic possibilities fuelled by a fundamental doubt moment has always been a very seductive way of proving things. In Andri Stadler’s case also one clings to what one as to the definiteness of photographic messages. Even though abstract photographs such as Andri Stadler’s seems to recognise – a road, stones on the beach, a hill, shadows, a ray of light as if from another planet. The fact delight by the beauty of their composition, contrasts of light and dark, or colours, there is something recalcit- ABOUT LIGHT that each picture is a construct and the result of an optical-mechanical, chemical-physical (or digital) technolo- rant about them. They refuse to give us something (which is supposed to be easily) recognisable in response to gical process, that it also depends on point of view and thus the photographer’s intentions, and that it may be he - a world that is confusingly complex, contradictory and difficult to read. A world where we are left in the dark avily retouched and edited – it is easily forgotten. Someone was here, they took a photograph, it must be true! But with nothing but assumptions, searching for light, groping for recognisable shapes. This is why pictures such As if stepping from a brightly lit living room into the pitch dark night, not recognising anything – this is the photographers have always been fascinated by the construction aspect of photographs, by the reality created as Stadler’s Surface series, although conveying a certain degree of the world’s surface, reflect much more than feeling we get when we first look at Andri Stadler’s images with similar probing eyes.