ATASA 5 Th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings
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ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings Systems Repair Worksheet Please Read The Summary Chapter 44 Pages: 1297 1332 Tires, Wheels, and Bearings Danger of Old Tires!! 74 Points Before We Begin… Keeping in mind the Career Cluster of Transportation , Distribution & Logistics Ask yourself: What careers might be present in this slide series? What careers might interest me? How do these careers relate to my other high school classes? What career cluster is my 4year plan preparing me for? ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 1. Uneven or premature tire wear is a good indicator of ________________ & ______________ problems. Steering & Suspension Ignition & Fuel Brake & Suspension ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 2. Lightweight aluminum wheels reduce the amount of vehicle _____________ weight for better ride. Imagine a car of 2000 lbs with wheels of 200 lbs . Each time this car would hit a bump it would almost be launched!!.....but if the wheels were 20 lbs the car would barely notice the bump. This means that everything that goes up and down (i.e. the wheel and most part of the suspension) should be kept as light as possible to provide a comfortable ride. Also in the figure can be noticed that the time which the wheel loses contact with the road increases with the weight of the wheel and suspension. This can be reduced by stiffening the springs of the suspension but then.....this will not do any good to a smooth ride. The weight which goes up and down when a car hits a bump is called the unsprung weight....the car body itself the sprung weight. So the lighter the unsprung weight the better the comfort and the road holding. Unsprung Total Sprung ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 3. Wheels have tapered holes to help the tapered lug nuts or studs _________ the wheel over the hub. Note: Hubcentric wheels are most popular. Lugcentric wheels are not used as much. Center Angle Offset ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings Lug Centric Hub Centric ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 4. The rim has a _______ ___________ area designed to allow for easy tire removal and installation. There are two types of wheel construction. The semidrop center has removable flanges and does not need the severe drop in the center of the rim. These wheels are used on heavy equipment. Drop Center Wheel Well Deep Gouge ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 5. Wheel ___________ is the vertical distance between the wheel’s centerline and its mounting face. Offset should never be increased more than 1/2 inch (12mm). Center Angle Offset ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings Tire Sticks Out Farther Brake Rotor ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 6. Offset is ____________ if the rim centerline is inboard of the mounting face & ______________ if the rim centerline is outboard of the mounting face. (negative offset is the tires stick out like toeout) Positive, Negative Tire Sticks Out Farther ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 7. Wheel offset determines the front suspension _______________ as well as the ___________ radius. Loading & Scrub Cornering & Runout Leveling & Setback ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 8. A few vehicles have been fit with lefthanded threads on the driverside lug nuts. True or False ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 9. Wheel size is determined by rim ________ between flanges & ___________ across the beads. Width & Diameter Length & Height Welds & Rivets ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 10. Low tire pressure & the wrong size tire or wheel will adversely affect ABS. True or False ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 11. Tires provide ___________ for both braking and driving torque in addition to cushioning ride. (extremely low profile tires give a harder ride due to less air) Cushioning Traction Tactile Sense ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 12. Pneumatic, ________________ tires are used on passenger vehicles. (Name a vehicle with solid tires) Tubeless Tubetype Balloon ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 13. Tires are made of layers of material called __________. These layers determine strength, handling, ride, amount of road noise, traction wet & dry, resistance to fatigue, heat and bruising. Plies Cords Straps ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 14. The ________ keeps the tire in contact with the rim. The __________ contacts the road surface. Bear & Thread Bead & Tread Rubber & Steel Belts ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 15. __________ are molded into tread ribs to open as the tire flexes, increasing wet pavement traction. Sipes Pipes Wipes ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings Tire Sipes ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings Tire Sipes ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings Here's how siping works: SafTee® siping cuts slits, called sipes, at 90° angles across the tread, providing thousands of gripping edges for better traction and stopping power. Wearrobbing heat and hydroplaning are also minimized. ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 16. Tire _________________ are constructed of thinner material than the tread for greater flexibility. Sidewalls Shoulders Beads ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 17. _______ ply tires have a crisscross ply design. __________ bias ply tires outlast this old design. Bias & Belted Radial & Steel Nylon & Rayon ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings http://www.dasselaw.com/images/TF_FX.jp g&imgrefurl=http://www.dasselaw.com/tire_ failure.php&usg=__N2jp6f1r62cXqM_0 GGj5YN60w=&h=333&w=500&sz=6 ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings Recapped tire failure ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 18. ____________ ply tires have body cords that extend from bead to bead “radially” at 90 degrees to the circumference of the tire tread plies. They also have internal belts that run with the tread. Radial Radio Radiation http://images.google.com/url?q=http://www.michelinag.com/agx/enUS/about_us/history.jsp&usg=AFQjCNEvtQ4UHiNOYQxCOcXoIdZf4uVZqg ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 19. Runflat tires fall into 3 categories: 1) ____________________, 2) _______________________, and 3) auxiliary supported runflat systems, like Michelin’s PAX system. Selfsealing, Selfsupporting Selfenergizing, Selfesteeming Selfseating, Selfemploying ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 20. Specialty __________ patterns can cause a tire to be directional or non directional. (watch arrows) Thread Instead Tread ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings Symmetry generally conveys two primary meanings. The first is an imprecise sense of harmonious or aesthetically pleasing proportionality and balance on either side of an axis. Symmetrical ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings Asymmetrical ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings Optinoise technology reduces road noise by design of the tire pattern. Tall sidewall stiffener reduces the wallowing feeling often felt on corners by drivers of 4x4 vehicles, together with quicker steering response. Directional tread pattern resists aquaplaning and provides good water evacuation from the tread contact patch. ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings Asymmetric pattern: Tread patterns which differ on either side of the tire ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings Directional pattern: Tread patterns characterized by lateral grooves on both sides of the tire which point in the same direction. •Advantages of directional tread patterns are good driving force and braking performance. In particular directional patterns provide good water dispersal for greater stability on wet roads. •Directional tires must be mounted in the direction of the tread pattern. •Applications: Passenger car tire for highspeed use. ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 21._______________ tire treads have the same pattern on both sides of the tire. (normal tires) Symmetrical Asymmetrical Directional ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 22. _______________________ tires have a tread design that is different from one side to the other. Symmetrical Asymmetrical Directional ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 23. Most spare tires are now limited use tires with both mileage and ________ restrictions of 50 mph. (fullsize spares may also have TPMS) Speed Inflation Time Why limit the spare use to 50 mph & 50 miles? ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 24. The first ____________ designation of a tire indicates it’s basic use. ___ for passenger, ____ for light truck, C for commercial, and T for temporary use, as in the spare tire. Letter, P, LT Icon, P, LT Number, P, LT ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 25. The number following the first letter is the section _________ of the tire measured in millimeters. Diameter Height Width ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 26. Following the slash (/), the next number is the ______ ______ or tire profile. Profile is expressed as a percentage of crosssectional height to cross sectional width. Profile Aspect Ratio Diameter ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 27. Ply construction is noted with an R for ____________ ply design, the letter B for beltedbias and the letter D for diagonal plies also known as bias ply tires.