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The Annual of Psychoanalysis, V. 17 THE ANNUAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS Editorial Committee George H. Pollock, M.D., Ph.D., Chairman Helen R. Beiser, M.D. David Dean Brockman, M.D. Merton M. Gill, M.D. Arnold Goldberg, M.D. Jerome Kavka, M.D. Charles Kligerman, M.D. Ner Littner, M.D. J. Gordon Maguire, M.D. David Marcus, M.D. Glenn E. Miller, M.A. George Moraitis, M.D. Leo Sadow, M.D. Louis B. Shapiro, M.D. Marian Tolpin, M.D. Harry Trosman, M.D. Manuscript Editor Janice J. Feldstein Managing Editor Jacqueline Miller THE ANNUAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS A Publication of the Institute for Psychoanalysis Chicago Volume XVII Copyright © 1989 by the Institute for Psychoanalysis, Chicago All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Published by The Analytic Press, Hillsdale, NJ. Distributed solely by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 365 Broadway Hillsdale, New Jersey 07642 Library of Congress Catalog Number 72-9' 1376 ISBN 0-88163-092-6 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 With this volume of The Annual we change publishers and Dr. George Pollock has stepped down as Chairman of the Editorial Committee. We hope that future volumes will continue the high intellectual caliber of the first seventeen. Arnold Goldberg When the first volume of The Annual of Psychoanalysis appeared in 1973, it was our hope that the series would become an established source for the latest thinking in psychoanalytic theory, practice, and application. This current volume is the seventeenth-and the last for which I will serve as chairman of the Editorial Committee. The Annual has, over the years, included works covering the full range of Freud's scientific humanism. And I am very pleased with what has been accomplished. I wish to take this opportunity to personally thank all of the individuals who submitted their manuscripts for our consideration, those authors who permitted us to publish their writings, the members of the Editorial Committee for their devotion to the reviewing task, and the manuscript editor and managing editor for their assistance in producing the volumes. I also wish to thank International Universities Press, publishers of previous volumes in this series, for their cooperation and flexibility. And I am especially grateful to Fred M. Hellman, whose generosity and whose support in so many ways has made these seventeen volumes possible. George H. Pollock Vll CONTENTS Contributors Xl I THEORETICAL STUDIES An Epistemology of Transference 3 JOHN E. GEDO, M.D. Toward a Phenomenological and Minimally Theoretical Psychoanalysis 17 EDWIN R. WALLACE, IV, M.D. II APPLIED PSYCHOANALYSIS The Creative Relationship of Internal and External Determinants in the Life of an Artist 73 MAVIS L. WYLIE, PH.D. AND HAROLD W. WYLIE, JR., M.D. Charismatic Followership as Illustrated in George Eliot's Romola 129 JEROME A. WINER, M.D. On Migration- Voluntary and Coerced 145 GEORGE H. POLLOCK, M.D., PH.D. From Transformed Scream, through Mourning, to the Building of Psychic Structure: A Critical Review of the Literature on Music and Psychoanalysis 159 MARTIN L. NASS, PH.D. lX X Contents III PSYCHOANALYSIS AND PARENTHOOD Blaming the Parent: Psychoanalytic Myth and Language 185 F. DIANE BARTH, M.S.W., C.S.W. Fatherhood and the Priference for a Younger Child 203 HELEN R. BEISER, M.D. IV PSYCHOANALYSIS AND GENDER What Is the Relation Between the Psychoanalytic Psychology of Women and Psychoanalytic Feminism? 215 NANCY J. CHODOROW, PH.D. with discussions by BARBARA S. ROCAH, M.D. BERTRAM J. COHLER, PH.D. Sexual Doubles and Sexual Masquerades: The Structure of Sex Symbols 263 WENDY DONIGER, PH.D. with discussion by HARRY TROSMAN, M.D. v PSYCHOANALYSIS AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT A Prospective Constructionist View of Development 287 E. VIRGINIA DEMOS, ED.D. with discussions by MARIAN TOLPIN, M.D. MARJORIE C. BARNETT, M.D. BERTRAM]. COHLER, PH.D. Index 343 CONTRIBUTORS Marjorie C. Barnett, M.D. Faculty Member, Child and Adolescent Therapy Program, Institute for Psychoanalysis, Chicago. F. Diane Barth, M.S. W., C. S. W. Supervisor and Faculty Member, The Adult Psychoanalytic Institute at the Postgraduate Center for Mental Health, New York, and the National Institute for the Psychotherapies, New York. Helen R. Beiser, M.D. Training and Supervising Analyst (child and adult), Institute for Psycho­ analysis, Chicago. Nancy]. Chodorow, Ph. D. Professor of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley; Affiliate, San Francisco Psychoanalytic Institute. Bertram]. Cohler, Ph.D. William Rainey Harper Professor of Social Sciences, The College, and Professor, The Committee on Human Development, and Departments of Psychology, Education, and Psychiatry, University of Chicago. E. Virginia Demos, Ed. D. Director, Program in Counseling and Consulting Psychology, Harvard Graduate School of Education. Wendy Doniger, Ph.D. Mircea Eliade Professor of the History of Religions, University of Chicago. john E. Gedo, M.D. Training and Supervising Analyst, Institute for Psychoanalysis, Chicago. Martin L. Nass, Ph. D. Professor Emeritus, Brooklyn College, City University of New York; Clinical Professor and Supervisor, Postdoctoral Program in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis, New York University; Faculty, Training and Super­ vising Analyst, New York Freudian Society. Xl Xll Contributors George H. Pollock, M.D., Ph. D. Professor of Psychiatry, Northwestern University School of Medicine and the Graduate School; Training and Supervising Analyst, Institute for Psychoanalysis, Chicago. Barbara S. Rocah, M.D. Training and Supervising Analyst, Institute for Psychoanalysis, Chicago. Marian N. Tolpin, M.D. Training and Supervising Analyst and Faculty, Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy Program, Institute for Psychoanalysis, Chicago. Harry Trosman, M.D. Professor of Psychiatry, University of Chicago; Training and Supervising Analyst, Institute for Psychoanalysis, Chicago. Edwin R. Wallace, IV, M.D. Professor and Acting Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia; Professor of Social Work, Gradu­ ate School, University of Georgia, Athens. jerome A. Winer, M.D. Training and Supervising Analyst, Institute for Psychoanalysis, Chicago; Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago. Harold W. Wylie, Jr., M.D. Training and Supervising Analyst, Baltimore-Washington Institute for Psychoanalysis; Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical School. Mavis L. U)!lie, Ph. D. Staff Psychologist, Dominion Hospital, Falls Church, VA; Private prac­ tice, Washington, DC. I THEORETICAL STUDIES An Epistemology of Transference JOHN E. GEDO, M.D. (Chicago) It was in the concluding chapters of "Studies on Hysteria" (Breuer and Freud, 1895) that Freud first reported his astonishing discovery that neurotic patients, when seen in psychotherapy on a daily regimen, tend to reexperience certain aspects of their past in relation to their physician. Within a few years, Freud ( 1900) realized that it is the childhood past that clamors for repetition in such a transference. Moreover, he soon concluded (Freud, 1909) that the transference consists in repeating both sides of a childhood conflict- in other words, that resistance phenomena are just as revealing about pathogenesis as are direct expressions of infantile wishes. In 1914, when he prepared his rebuttals of the criticisms of his theories by skeptics such as Adler and Jung, Freud specified that pure "transfer­ ence neuroses" can only be expected to develop in the course of analyses with patients whose childhood development had culminated in an "infantile neurosis." Whenever the vicissitudes of early life led to alternative possibilities- the contingencies Freud then conceptualized as an excessive shift in the direction of "narcissism"-he conceded that psychoanalytic treatment could not succeed, precisely because the avail­ ability of the analyst would fail to evoke infantile love and hatred and the defenses against them. As I believe I demonstrated in a recent book on the history of dissidence within psychoanalysis (Gedo, 1986), the most significant clinical controversies since Freud's reformulation of his theories in the early 1920s-the revision necessitated by the realization that his initial Presented as a Plenary Address at the Eleventh Regional Conference of the Chicago Psychoanalytic Society, March 19, 1988. 3 4 An Epistemology of Transference hypotheses could not account for many forms of adaptive disorder­ revolved around the issue of the appropriate treatment of cases wherein a transference neurosis either did not occur at all or, if it did manifest itself to some degree, did not constitute the most significant determinant of the pathology. To summarize the history of these still unresolved disputes: A more conservative faction of analysts generally advocates the standardization of psychoanalytic technique, the application of stringent criteria of analyzability in patient selection, and meticulous attention to those ancillary conflicts that tilt the balance in the direction of regression from the vicissitudes of an infantile neurosis toward more archaic adaptive equilibriums. This has been the position of those with more modest therapeutic ambition, such as Freud himself (1937), later Anna Freud ( 1965), and the school of "ego psychology" (e.g. , Hartmann, 1964; Hartmann, Kris, and Loewenstein, 1964). In contrast, those who wished to extend
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