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Gender Dysphoria As Portrayed in David Ebershoff's the Danish Girl and Pepi Al Bayqunie's Calabai

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Gender Dysphoria As Portrayed in David Ebershoff's the Danish Girl and Pepi Al Bayqunie's Calabai GENDER DYSPHORIA AS PORTRAYED IN DAVID EBERSHOFF’S THE DANISH GIRL AND PEPI AL BAYQUNIE’S CALABAI: PEREMPUAN DALAM TUBUH LELAKI A THESIS BY MUHAMMAD FACHRI REG. NO: 130705104 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, MUHAMMAD FACHRI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : August 22nd, 2017 v Universitas Sumatera Utara COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : MUHAMMAD FACHRI TITLE OF THESIS : GENDER DYSPHORIA AS PORTRAYED IN DAVID EBERSHOFF’S THE DANISH GIRL AND PEPI AL BAYQUNIE’S CALABAI: PEREMPUAN DALAM TUBUH LELAKI QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date : August 22nd, 2017 vi Universitas Sumatera Utara ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, First of all, I would like to thank Allah SWT, for His compassion and blessing that given to me to finish this thesis. Shalawat and Salam to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, along with his family and his companions. My special gratitude for Abah and Bunda, for everything you have done and sacrificed for me. You don’t know how much I love you guys. I wish someday I will be able to make you prouder and prouder. I would like to express my biggest grattitude to my supervisor, Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S and to my co-supervisor Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd for their kindness, knowledge, patience, motivation and great advices for me to write and finish this thesis. Without them, I was nothing. They helped me a lot in every single steps I took in writing this thesis. They are great lecturers. My gratitude also goes to the Head and the Secretary of English Department, Dr. Deliana, M.Hum and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. and all the lecturers and the staff of English Department for the facilities and opportunities given to me during my study in this faculty. I also want to thank my gang “The GMC”, Sri Karina Hutabarat (Our Cicilalang), Anandya Kesuma (Dillay = Dila Alay), Clara Rebecca (The Beyonce cabang Langsa), Onyak Silaban (she called herself a flower, well I’m not sure what kind of flower she is), Fitrah Ayuni (The Invisible Woman, haha), and my special thanks goes to Natasha Putri Maga Rangkuti (My Crazy Twin) because she always vii Universitas Sumatera Utara helps me anytime I need her to make me a figure or to make my powerpoint presentation looks perfect. Last but not least is to Muhammad Ridha, our lovely neighbor and same aged brother. I just want you guys to know that i love you all like a siblings. I know that we have been through and shares a lot of things together, I hope this friendships will last forever. See you on top, Babes. Not to forget, I also want to thank my highschool’s squad Andre Pratama, Sabrina Putri Amanda, Yosefine Agatha, and Margareth Stevani for supporting and encouraging me starts from the very beginning. I love you guys, I know that a family doesn’t have to come from the same blood. I want to thank my other gang, Meisara Defani Nasution, Nurfitri, and Awanis who also always support me and force me to become a better and a braver person. I love you, sis. Last but not least, I also want to thank Nadya Nasier and Mira Aprianti for accepting me in the middle of our friendship. We were just a stranger, but now we’re like best friends. We share the tired, the confused, the funny, and the happy moments together. Believe me, I would not forget about our friendships. You guys are two of the kindest person I have ever met. Finally, may this thesis gives benefits for the readers and future researcher, may the grace, the bless and the love of Allah SWT always be with us forever, and may we always be in the protection of Allah SWT. Aamiin. Medan, August 2017 Muhammad Fachri Reg. No. 130705104 viii Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT This thesis entitled Gender Dysphoria as Portrayed in David Ebershoff’s The Danish Girl and Pepi Al Bayqunie’s Calabai: Perempuan Dalam Tubuh Lelaki. This thesis contains a study of comparative literature which compare both novels that come from different countries, United States of America and Indonesia. Both of the novels have the same motifs. The aims of this thesis are (i) to find the characteristics or the symptoms of gender dysphoria which portrayed in each main characters of The Danish Girl and Calabai novels, (ii) to find the effects caused by gender dysphoria which portrayed in each main characters of The Danish Girl and Calabai novels, (iii) to find the action taken by each main characters of The Danish Girl and Calabai novels to change the society’s perceptions and to become who they truly are, and (iv) to find the similarities and the differences found in The Danish Girl and Calabai novels. The writer used sociology and psychology of literature as the concept of theory. The writer also used Hurlock’s self acceptance theory to help the writer in analyzing the problems. In completing the analysis, the writer use qualitative descriptive method. The writer collects the data from some sources included The Danish Girl and Calabai novels, journals, articles, movie adaptation, and book which related to the gender dysphoria. Keywords: Gender Dysphoria, Transgender, The Danish Girl, Calabai, Comparative Literature. ix Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul Gambaran Disforia Gender dalam novel The Danish Girl karya David Ebershoff dan novel Calabai karya Pepi Al Bayqunie. Skripsi ini merupakan analisis sastra bandingan. Sastra bandingan adalah studi literatur yang menganalisis dua karya sastra atau lebih. Tujuan dari tesis ini adalah (i) untuk mengetahui karakteristik atau gejala disforia gender yang digambarkan pada masing-masing karakter utama dari kedua novel tersebut, (ii) untuk mengetahui efek yang ditimbulkan oleh disforia gender yang digambarkan pada masing-masing karakter utama dari kedua novel tersebut, (iii) untuk menemukan tindakan yang diambil oleh setiap karakter utama untuk merubah pandangan masyarakat dan menjadi diri mereka sebenarnya, dan (iv) menemukan persamaan dan perbedaan yang ditemukan pada kedua novel tersebut. Penulis menggunakan sosiologi dan psikologi sastra sebagai konsep teori. Penulis juga menggunakan teori penerimaan diri Hurlock untuk membantu penulis dalam menganalisis permasalahannya. Untuk melengkapi proses analisis, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penulis mengumpulkan data dari beberapa sumber seperti novel The Danish Girl dan Calabai, beberapa jurnal, artikel, adaptasi film, serta buku-buku yang berhubungan dengan disforia gender. Kata kunci: Disforia Gender, Transgender, The Danish Girl, Calabai, Sastra Bandingan x Universitas Sumatera Utara TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ......................................................................... v COPYRIGHT DECLARATION .................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................. vii ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... ix ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... x TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ................................................................ xiv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study ............................................... 1 1.2 Problem of the study ..................................................... 6 1.3 Objective of the study ................................................... 7 1.4 Scope of the study ......................................................... 7 1.5 Significance of the study ............................................... 8 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Brief description of novel................................................ 9 2.2 Sociology of literature ............................................... …13 2.3 Psychology of literature ............................................... 15 2.3.1 Humanistic approach ................................................. 17 2.3.2 Hurlock’s self acceptance theory .............................. 18 2.4 Mental disorder ............................................................ 22 2.4.1 Gender dysphoria ...................................................... 22 2.4.2 Diagnosis of gender dysphoria .................................. 23 xi Universitas Sumatera Utara 2.4.3 The effects of gender dysphoria ................................ 27 2.5 Comparative literature ................................................... 28 2.6 Related previous studies ............................................... 30 CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1 Research design .............................................................
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